High Disaster Risk Research Articles

PENERAPAN KOMUNIKASI RISIKO BENCANA PADA THE CANGKRINGAN JOGJA VILLAS & SPA

Natural disaster are one the form of crisis that comes from external organization. Natural disaster are unpredictable. For organization, risk communication is important as part of prevention or need anticipation effort. This research discusses risk communication in the context of disaster that implemented by hotels located in high risk disaster area especially Merapi eruption. Disaster areas can be a tourist attraction. On the other hand, the natural disaster can also decrease the number of tourist visit. This research is a qualitative research with case study method. The results showed that The Cangkringan Jogja Villas Spa carries out risk identification and analysis to prevent a bad situation for the public. Risk analysis is carried out with knowledge approach and cultural approach. The Cangkringan Jogja Villas Spa involves internal and external parties to communicate risk. In order to anticipate ambiguous information, The Cangkringan Jogja Villas Spa formed an Emergency Response Unit. They are responsible for carrying out the functions and roles based on Standard Operating Procedure (SOP).

GIS Analysis of Solar PV Locations and Disaster Risk Areas in Japan

Following the global trend of climate change mitigation, Japan has been rapidly increasing its share of renewable energy, in particular, its share of solar energy. However, Japan has limited flat land area that is suitable for solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation and a high risk of natural disasters. There is a possibility that some of its newly built solar power plants are located in areas where landslides and floods are likely to occur. Therefore, it is important to study the locations for solar PV from the perspective of disaster risk management. Previous studies have reported a number of incidents where solar PV installations were damaged as a result of natural disasters. One study utilized geographical analysis technology to reveal the overlapping of solar PV powerplant locations and disaster-prone areas in Fukuoka prefecture in Japan. However, to our best knowledge, no previous research about the solar PV locations' hazard risks has been done on a national scale. This paper investigates the risks stemming from landslides and floods for the existing solar PV power plants in Japan. We compare the geographical data of disaster risks in Japan with the location data of solar PV power plants to investigate the number of solar PV power plants located in disaster risk areas. Our results show that the shares of medium and large-scale solar PV power plants located in areas where landslides and floods are likely to occur are about 8.5 and 9.1% respectively.

Assessment of Perception on Disaster Proneness of Lembang Fault in District of Cisarua, West Java Indonesia

The Lembang Fault is a major fault located at the northern Bandung. This fault has a high disaster risk, including ground shaking, surface rupture, and possible landslides or liquefaction. This fault can cause earthquakes of 6.5-7 magnitude, making 8 million people in four Regencies and Cities around West Bandung Regency, Cimahi City, Bandung City and Bandung Regency exposed to major disaster risk. This research focuses on assessing the Perception of Disaster Proneness of the Lembang Fault in the District of Cisarua, West Java, Indonesia. This research was conducted using a case study and deductive-qualitative approach. In addition, this research was carried out by combining engineering and social research methodologies. The survey location point is determined based on hazard data (Peak Ground Acceleration data), vulnerability data (covering building density, slope, curvature, soil character, distance from faults, etc.) and population density data. This study indicates that the public’s perception of the disaster in the Lembang Fault is very subjective. How they act is based on experience or based on their beliefs. Therefore, an essential part of this research is assessing and measuring the community’s perception of the Lembang Fault towards disasters that may arise. The government must make serious efforts to convey that the disaster in the Lembang fault is much bigger and can happen at any time. Therefore, building resilient communities that genuinely understand the dangers of living in disaster-prone areas is essential.

Urban Flood Risk Assessment and Development of Urban Flood Resilient Spatial Plan for Bhubaneswar

Urban flooding is growing as a serious development challenge for cities. Urbanization demands the conversion of pervious land to impervious land by pushing the transformation of water bodies, flood plains, wetlands and green spaces into built-up spaces. This affects the hydrological setting of the city’s geographic area. Bhubaneswar, one of the first planned cities of independent India, has expanded rapidly with an increase in the settlement land use cover from 41 km2 to 81 km2 in the last two decades. Non-consideration of disaster risk assessment in the land use plan has placed the city at high disaster risk. Hence, this article explores various avenues for making a flood resilient city through spatial planning. To understand the flood and its consequences, a flood hazard and vulnerability map was prepared by overlaying the existing social and infrastructure networks, and flood risk zones were generated through analytical spatial modelling in GIS. This accounts for the areas in which flood hazards are expected to occur, as well as the area whose socio-economic and infrastructure susceptibility to the disaster is more. The key outcome is to ensure urban development that can work concurrently with nature by integrating disaster risk reduction strategies into land use planning.

Nurses' knowledge, skills and preparedness for disaster management of a Megapolis: Implications for nursing disaster education

As frontline health caregivers, nurses must be adequately prepared to respond effectively to disasters. Therefore, it is necessary to assess nurses' disaster management capacity to know their preparedness levels, especially for a densely populated Megapolis like Dhaka, which is at high risk of disasters. Thus, the study aimed to examine Dhaka city nurses' knowledge, skills, preparedness (KSP) for disasters and explore the factors influencing the KSP levels. A self-explanatory descriptive survey questionnaire was developed adopting the Disaster Preparedness Evaluation Tool (DPET) in Bangla language for quantitative data collection. Following multistage sampling, 410 nurses' data were collected from eight hospitals in Dhaka city. The nurses in Dhaka city had moderate levels of knowledge, skills, and preparedness for disaster management, reflecting that they need more development to deal with disasters effectively. Moreover, multiple linear regression analyses indicate that nurses' disaster knowledge, skills, and preparedness scores were significantly positively associated with training on disaster management (p < 0.001) and disaster response experience (p < 0.001). In addition, one-half of the respondents demanded more drills and exercises on disaster management in their workplaces to enhance their disaster skills and preparedness. Furthermore, disaster education should be incorporated into the nursing curriculum, which would play a seminal role in preparing them for future disaster management.

Community Development as Disaster Risk Reduction Efforts through the Disaster Resilient Village (Destana) Program in Nganjuk Regency

The high disaster risk index in Nganjuk District shows the magnitude of potential casualties and the impact of the emergence of disasters that have occurred. That is because Nganjuk Regency is one area that has a high potential for catastrophic threats with low land and mountain topography, causing several disasters such as floods, landslides, land and forest fires, drought and strong winds / whirlwinds plus still low public knowledge in disaster management. Therefore the Regional Government through the Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD) Nganjuk District is implementing the Desa Tangguh Bencana (Destana) program in disaster-prone villages in Nganjuk Regency. Where the Destana program is a community development activity to reduce the risk of existing disasters so that the community is expected to be resilient in the face of disasters. In research using qualitative research methods with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques used were field observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the Destana program established by the BPBD Nganjuk District by developing disaster-prone communities has been able to reduce the risk of existing disasters by forming resilient and independent communities in the face of disasters.

Disaster assessment for the “Belt and Road” region based on SDG landmarks

ABSTRACT In this study, based on the EM-DAT (The Emergency Events Database) database, disaster assessment for the “Belt and Road” region was carried out in relation to the indicator of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) agenda launched in 2015. A new method for diagnosing trends in the indicators based on the Theil-Sen median method is proposed. In addition, using the data available in the EM-DAT, an overview of disaster records is used to quantify disasters for a total of 73 countries. The disaster trends for the period 2015‒2019 were found to demonstrate the following. (1) As a result of geological and climate conditions, Asia and Africa are high-risk disaster areas and disasters have caused considerable economic losses and affected the populations in developing and underdeveloped countries in these regions. (2) The clear positive value of found for China reflects the country’s encouraging achievements in disaster prevention and mitigation. (3) The value of was observed to be increasing in South Asia, northwest Africa and South Africa, with the increase in India and Mauritania being the most serious. The new method proposed in this paper allows the real trend in the indicator in various countries to be derived and provides critical intelligence support for international disaster risk reduction plans and sustainable development goals.

Model tests and corresponding numerical simulations on cave model subjected to thermo-mechanical loading

Geological repository of high-level nuclear waste (HLNW), the most feasible approach for the safe and permanent treatment of HLNW without human intervention, has been investigated for years by many researchers. In some countries, real facilities for the geological repository are already under construction. In Japan, however, due to complicated geologic conditions, especially underground water and fractured rock masses, and the high risk of natural disasters, ensuring the long-term stability of the method remains a struggle. The influential factors include underground water, heat generation from radioactive waste, and thermal and chemical weathering of the surrounding rock mass as a natural barrier. It is difficult to estimate and verify the long-term stability for up to one hundred thousand years, a complicated thermal–hydraulic-mechanical-chemical coupling behavior, via any field test. The objective of the study is to develop a numerical method for predicting the long-term stability of geological repositories. As the first step toward realizing this objective, heating and loading tests on cave model made of man-made rock specimens that are composed of diatoms, gypsum, and water, which are viscoplastic materials, were conducted, based on which a newly proposed numerical method with finite element method (FEM) was used to describe the thermal, mechanical, and time-dependent behavior of the model tests for a geological repository. To ensure the accuracy of the numerical calculations, all the material parameters in the thermoelasto-viscoplastic model with consideration of overconsolidation, the structure, and the influence of intermediate stress were determined via triaxial compression/creep tests under various temperatures, confining stresses, and loading rates. Finally, the validity of the numerical method was demonstrated by model tests over a limited time span.

Determinants of Nurse Preparedness in Disaster Management: A Cross-Sectional Study Among the Community Health Nurses in Coastal Areas.

PurposeBecause Indonesia has a high risk of natural disasters, nurse preparedness is necessary to reduce and prevent deaths in the aftermath of such disasters. The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with nurse preparedness in disaster management among a sample of community health nurses in coastal areas.Patients and MethodsA cross-sectional study was undertaken from May to August 2020. The sample consisted of 142 nurses who worked at six Public Health Centers in Pangandaran, West Java, Indonesia. Participants were recruited using the total sampling technique. The data were collected using the Emergency Preparedness Information Questionnaire and analyzed using Chi-Square and binary logistic regression.ResultsOf the 142 respondents, 54.24% had a high level of preparedness. Multivariate analysis showed that nurses with higher levels of preparedness had worked between 6 and 10 years (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 12.755, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.653–61.314). Respondents who lacked disaster training were less likely to have a high level of disaster preparedness (AOR: 4.631, 95% CI: 1.604–13.367). Respondents who had never served as disaster volunteers were also less likely to have disaster preparedness (AOR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.053–0.616).ConclusionWith nearly half of the respondents (45.77%) having a low level of disaster preparedness, this topic needs more attention from the government and healthcare workers. Several actions are needed to improve community nurses’ disaster preparedness: providing them with routine disaster-related training, encouraging them to serve as volunteers in various disaster conditions, and offering them useful disaster-related information.

Community-Based Disaster Mitigation System In Muncar Beach, Banyuwangi Regency

Muncar Beach, Banyuwangi Regency is an area with high disaster risk. Community-based disaster management will be much more effective than formal agencies set up by the state. But it also does not mean that formal institutions are not important. Education, counseling, and public awareness are non-structural/non-physical disaster mitigation activities. This study aims to analyze the level of knowledge and preparedness of coastal communities in Muncar, Banyuwangi Regency in dealing with disasters, and to find out how the community-based disaster mitigation system in Muncar Beach, Banyuwangi Regency is. This research uses qualitative methods with qualitative descriptive research. Data were obtained through observation, in-depth interviews, and documents. The subjects of this research are community leaders, fishermen, and the people of Kedungrejo Muncar Village. The analysis technique in this research is inductive. In this study, the inductive analysis used is an interactive analysis technique. The results show that the paradigm of disaster management at the population level has not changed much and is still associated with myths. Knowledge and awareness of coastal communities about disaster mitigation are still very low. Keywords: Mitigation, Disaster, Muncar, Banyuwangi

Development of a Framework for Emergency Risk Reduction in Android-Based Agriculture Areas (E'nurse App During the Covid-19 Pandemic)

Introduction: Covid-19 has now been declared a pandemic case, the agricultural sector is no exception. Farmers' health during the Covid-19 pandemic and the high risk of emergencies and disasters in agricultural areas need solutions in handling efforts. Purpose: developing a framework for reducing the risk of emergencies and disasters in agricultural areas based on android (E'Nurse App during the Covid-19 pandemic) by compiling the design of the E'Nurse App and analyzing the effect of the E'Nurse App on farmers' understanding in reducing the risk of emergencies and disasters in areas agriculture. Method: a mix of qualitative methods with an interpretive phenomenology approach to design the E'Nurse App (Emergensy Nursing) application, followed by quantitative methods with the Spearman Rho test and a questionnaire measuring tool. Respondents in this study were farmers of Pandalungan. Result: Formed the design of the E'Nurse App application, the pre-post treatment test obtained the value of r = 0.678,&gt; α = 0.05. This means that there is an effect of providing education through the smart app application on farmers' understanding in reducing the risk of emergencies and disasters in agricultural areas with a strong relationship. Conclusion: The E'Nurse App affects farmers' understanding in reducing the risk of emergencies and disasters in agricultural areas during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Depth-Integrated Two-Phase Modeling of Two Real Cases: A Comparison between r.avaflow and GeoFlow-SPH Codes

Due to the growing populations in areas at high risk of natural disasters, hazard and risk assessments of landslides have attracted significant attention from researchers worldwide. In order to assess potential risks and design possible countermeasures, it is necessary to have a better understanding of this phenomenon and its mechanism. As a result, the prediction of landslide evolution using continuum dynamic modeling implemented in advanced simulation tools is becoming more important. We analyzed a depth-integrated, two-phase model implemented in two different sets of code to stimulate rapid landslides, such as debris flows and rock avalanches. The first set of code, r.avaflow, represents a GIS-based computational framework and employs the NOC-TVD numerical scheme. The second set of code, GeoFlow-SPH, is based on the mesh-free numerical method of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) with the capability of describing pore pressure’s evolution along the vertical distribution of flowing mass. Two real cases of an Acheron rock avalanche and Sham Tseng San Tsuen debris flow were used with the best fit values of geotechnical parameters obtained in the prior modeling to investigate the capabilities of the sets of code. Comparison of the results evidenced that both sets of code were capable of properly reproducing the run-out distance, deposition thickness, and deposition shape in the benchmark exercises. However, the values of maximum propagation velocities and thickness were considerably different, suggesting that using more than one set of simulation code allows us to predict more accurately the possible scenarios and design more effective countermeasures.

Factors influencing public procurement during disasters: the cases of Chile and New Zealand

Purpose This paper aims to explore public procurement frameworks during disasters in Chile and New Zealand, identifying the factors that affect government procurement performance in disaster response. Design/methodology/approach This research adopted a case study methodology following a qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with government officers from Chile and New Zealand who had practice-relevant knowledge of public procurement and disaster management. Data was complemented by document reviews, including government reports and the records of disaster management organizations. Findings This paper finds public procurement to be negatively affected by several factors during disasters, including celerity and flexibility of response; market and supplier restrictions; pressures over procurement teams; centralism of procurement structures; lack of technical knowledge; competition and crossover of agreements; corruption; and price variations. Practical implications This paper includes policy recommendations on how to increase the effectiveness of disaster management and public procurement systems in countries at high risk of earthquakes and other disasters. Social implications This paper can help public procurement officers to provide a better response during disasters, supplying the goods and services required to the affected population in a timely and effective manner. Originality/value This paper addresses a gap in research by identifying factors which negatively impact government procurement and response during a disaster.

COMMUNITY BASED DISASTER MITIGATION SYSTEM IN MUNCAR BEACH, BANYUWANGI DISTRICT

Muncar Beach, Banyuwangi Regency is an area with high disaster risk. Community-based disaster management will be much more effective than formal state agencies. But it also does not mean that formal institutions are not important. Education, counseling, and public awareness are one of the non-structural/non-physical disaster mitigation activities. This study aims to analyze the level of knowledge and preparedness of coastal communities in Muncar, Banyuwangi Regency in dealing with disasters, and to find out how is the Community-Based Disaster Mitigation System in Muncar Beach, Banyuwangi Regency. This research uses qualitative methods with qualitative descriptive research. Data obtained through observation, in-depth interviews and documents. The subjects of this research are community leaders, fishermen and the people of Kedungrejo Muncar village. The analysis technique in this research is inductive. In this study, the inductive analysis used is an interactive analysis technique. The results of the research show that the paradigm of disaster management at the population level has not changed much and is still associated with myths. Knowledge and awareness of coastal communities about disaster mitigation is still very low.

ASIAB Clothing Media for Early Childhood Disaster Preparedness

Indonesia is a country that has a high risk of natural disasters. Lack of natural ability to save themselves results in an enormous potential for children to suffer the most when a disaster occurs. Natural disaster preparedness needs to be introduced to children from an early age. Children are no longer a concern as victims who suffer the most but need to save themselves when in danger. The purpose of developing ASIAB clothing media is to determine the development, effectiveness, and feasibility of ASIAB clothing media for early childhood disaster preparedness. This type of research uses Research and Development (R&amp;D) with the ADDIE development model. The research subjects were media experts, material experts, and 30 teachers in TK Surabaya and Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia. Data collection was carried out using structured interview techniques and online questionnaires via google form accompanied by video supporting procedures for using ASIAB clothing media. Analyzing the feasibility and effectiveness of the ASIAB clothing media used qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis with a predetermined percentage of the assessment. The results obtained show that the ASIAB clothing media is feasible in learning early childhood disaster preparedness. The feasibility of testing by media experts obtained results with the criteria "good" information "feasible" (73.33%), testing by material experts obtained results with the criteria "very good" information "feasible" (90.67%), testing by the teacher the results obtained with the criteria "very good" information "feasible and effective" (84.33%). This research provides innovations in education, namely learning media for early childhood, that can assist teachers in achieving practical disaster preparedness learning objectives. Children can get hands-on experience in earthquake disaster preparedness practice using ASIAB clothing. Disaster stages such as pre-disaster, during the disaster, and post-disaster can also be introduced to children in a series of simulation activities. Based on the results of this assessment, the ASIAB clothing media is appropriate and effective for use in early childhood disaster preparedness learning.

Design of Optimal Rainfall Monitoring Network Using Radar and Road Networks.

Uncertainty in the rainfall network can lead to mistakes in dam operation. Sudden increases in dam water levels due to rainfall uncertainty are a high disaster risk. In order to prevent these losses, it is necessary to configure an appropriate rainfall network that can effectively reflect the characteristics of the watershed. In this study, conditional entropy was used to calculate the uncertainty of the watershed using rainfall and radar data observed from 2018 to 2019 in the Goesan Dam and Hwacheon Dam watersheds. The results identified radar data suitable for the characteristics of the watershed and proposed a site for an additional rainfall gauge. It is also necessary to select the location of the additional rainfall gauged by limiting the points where smooth movement and installation, for example crossing national borders, are difficult. The proposed site emphasized accessibility and usability by leveraging road information and selecting a radar grid near the road. As a practice result, the uncertainty of precipitation in the Goesan and Hwacheon Dam watersheds could be decreased by 70.0% and 67.9%, respectively, when four and three additional gauge sites were installed without any restriction. When these were installed near to the road, with five and four additional gauge sites, the uncertainty in the Goesan Dam and Hwacheon Dam watersheds were reduced by up to 71.1%. Therefore, due to the high degree of uncertainty, it is necessary to measure precipitation. The operation of the rainfall gauge can provide a smooth site and configure an appropriate monitoring network.

The Impact of Land Use Change on Disaster Risk from the Perspective of Efficiency

The increasing demand of humankind has caused a large number of land use changes, which pose a direct or indirect threat to the environment while promoting economic growth. The lack of risk-oriented land use changes may increase the disaster risk in the region. Therefore, how to study the relationship between land use change and disaster risk deserves attention. In this study, a research framework with quantitative relationship between land use change and disaster risk was constructed from the perspective of efficiency. The framework integrated land use change, disaster losses and environment variable (runoff increment) into a three-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) assessment model to dynamically evaluate the impact of land use changes on disasters. The main conclusions include: (I) after the influence of runoff increment and random error was excluded, the overall risk score of counties and cities in Taiwan is 0.643, which represents a relatively high level, indicating that land use changes have caused high disaster risk; and (II) the vulnerability of land development in each county and city can be obtained through the comprehensive score of disaster risk the amount of unused input. The results of this study can help government agencies to rank various types of land development and then determine the acceptable risk level and incorporate disaster risk into land development.

The Regulation on Emergencies in Workplaces: Applicability in a University Hospital

Introduction: Hospitals provide healthcare services to society during and after emergencies. Therefore, the hospitals should be well-prepared for emergencies and have easy applicable, and efficient emergency plans. We aimed to investigate the applicability of emergency regulations in a university hospital. Methods: It is a descriptive study in which the current emergency plan of a university hospital is compared with the regulations and legislation in effect in Turkey. The number of teams and officials included in the teams in the current legislative emergency plan are identified and compared to the available emergency teams in a hospital for the present study. Results: The present study identified the potential emergencies in accordance with the “Regulation on Emergencies in Workplaces” and the conditions in the particular region and hospital. 16 teams were identified for these emergencies and the number of officials in each team was confirmed. In the current staff of the hospital, there were 12 teams. Additionally, three teams were identified in the current hospital team that was not stated in the regulation. Although stipulated in the regulations, chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear teams, and national medical rescue teams were not available in the hospital. Therefore, these teams and the number of officials in each team were determined. Discussion: Due to the geopolitical location of Turkey, the high disaster risk in the region, and the history of disasters, all hospitals should have applicable and constantly updated emergency plans. The number of teams in emergency plans and the number of officials in these teams should be arranged under current legislation, size of the hospitals, risk analyses, and functionality. With this study, we determined the emergency teams and the number of staff in the hospital.

Sensitivity of Performance Indexes to Disaster Risk

We examine how sensitive the new performance indexes incorporating high moments and disaster risk are to disaster risk. The new performance indexes incorporating high moments and disaster risk are the Aumann-Serrano performance index and Foster-Hart performance index proposed by Kadan and Liu. These performance indexes provide evaluations sensitive to the underlying risk. We show, by numerical examples and empirical examples, how sensitive these indexes are to disaster risk. Although these indexes are known to be either quite sensitive or excessively sensitive to disaster risk or maximum loss in the literature, we show by the regression analysis of the index and summary statistics these indexes are in fact not excessively sensitive to maximum loss in representative stock data, which contain disastrous observations. The numerical estimate of the Foster-Hart performance index is found to be effective in showing the performance index. Our analysis suggests these indexes can handle various empirical data containing quite disastrous observations.

A GIS-Based System for Spatial-Temporal Availability Evaluation of the Open Spaces Used as Emergency Shelters: The Case of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

Canadian emergency management planners have historically ignored the self-motivated evacuation procedures of people who cannot initially choose the safest evacuation areas. In densely developed urban areas, open spaces can be seen as ideal evacuation areas and should thus be included in shelter planning. In this study, the public open spaces in Great Victoria were selected as the study area and evaluated using GIS technologies. A multi-criteria TOPSIS evaluation model was used to conduct comprehensive quantitative evaluations of the open spaces’ safety, accessibility, and availability. Through hybrid process, service area, and POI aggregation coupling analyses, a model is created that provides an overall evaluation at the district level. In addition to providing a model for evaluating open spaces as emergency shelters, applicable to most Canadian cities, this study emphasizes the importance and disadvantages of open space emergency shelters in Canada, which have heretofore been ignored by decision makers. In Great Victoria, we found that the distribution of open spaces does not match the dynamics of the population distribution, meaning that through inadequate preparation some districts lack a safe evacuation place—this in an area where people are at high risk of earthquake disasters and their subsequent effects.