High Risk Of Accidents Research Articles

Relevance of self-control of blood glucose in the aspect of prevention of cardiovascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus

There is a clear link between diabetes and cardiovascular disease. It is known that cardiovascular diseases in patients with diabetes mellitus occur 2–5 times more often than in people without diabetes. It is cardiovascular outcomes that are the main cause of death in patients with diabetes mellitus in both men and women. Diabetes mellitus has a high risk of coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, arterial hypertension and acute cerebrovascular accident, and patients with diabetes mellitus may experience painless acute myocardial infarction associated with the presence of autonomic cardiac neuropathy. Various rhythm disturbances are much more common in diabetes mellitus, including paroxysmal forms of atrial fibrillation, which increase the risk of death by 1.8–2 times. The leading factor in the development of vascular complications of diabetes mellitus is hyperglycemia. In addition, early glycemic disorders - impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glycemia - make a significant contribution to the increased risk of macrovascular complications. Improving glycemic control leads to a significant reduction in the risk of late macro- and microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Glycated hemoglobin is the gold standard for monitoring glycemic control, but it does not provide complete information on daily and intraday changes in glucose levels. Regular self-monitoring of glucose levels is important in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in patients with diabetes mellitus. In addition, during the COVID-19 pandemic, all consensus documents and recommendations for the management of patients with diabetes indicate the need for regular monitoring of glucose levels. An important aspect of the technical impact on patients’ adherence to selfcontrol and diabetes therapy is the presence of a convenient communicative connection between the patient and the doctor, in particular, the possibility of contact remotely via a computer and a mobile phone. In conclusion, the possibilities of the new model of the line of blood glucose meters are considered.

Comparison of ISO 14001:2015 and ISO 45001:2018 Implementation in Coal Mining Sector, Study Case: PT Adaro Energy Tbk, PT Toba Bara Sejahtera Tbk, and PT Indo Tambangraya Megah Tbk

Coal mining is one of the most developed industrial sectors in Indonesia. The quality of natural mineral resources spread across several islands makes Indonesia the 4th coal-producing country in the world. The main component in the coal mining industry activity is changing land and changing the landscape, which causes a high potential impact on the environment, social and community economy. Apart from having a direct effect on the ground, the mining industry is an activity that has a high risk of accidents that result in human injury to death. Therefore, occupational safety and health (K3) are important centres of attention in the mining industry. ISO 45001 and ISO 14001 are international standard certifications that become a component of a company in testing OHS control and environmental management, respectively. Qualitative methods are applied in this study to investigate what programs PT Adaro Energy Tbk, PT Toba Bara Sejahtera Tbk, and PT Indo Tambangraya Megah Tbk in implementing ISO 45001 and ISO 14001. And the result is that Adaro Energy and Indo Tambangraya Megah Tbk have carried out various types of programs to control the environment and prevent accidents for their workers. Meanwhile, Toba Bara needs to improve environmental programs and tighten activities related to training to avoid accidents during operations.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN TERJADINYA KECELAKAAN KERJA PADA PEKERJA PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN GEDUNG DI PT. X TAHUN 2020

The construction sector is ranked first as the most dangerous occupation in the world and is an area with a high risk of occupational accidents. According to BPJS Ketenagakerjaan data in 2019, cases of work accidents in Indonesia 2017 increased in 2018. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between age, OHS knowledge, OHS supervision, unsafe act, and unsafe condition for building construction project workers at PT. X. This research was quantitative study with a cross-sectional study design. The sampling technique used simple random sampling where the sample amounted to 109 workers. The results of the research analysis using the chi-square statistical test showed that the variables of age (p-value = 0,662), OHS knowledge (p-value 0,003), OHS supervision (p-value 0,001), unsafe act (p-value 0,002), unsafe condition (p-value 0,000) with a significance limit of α = 0,05. It can be concluded that there is an associated between OHS knowledge, OHS supervision, unsafe act, and unsafe condition with work accidents and there is no associated between age with work accidents. It is recommended that companies provide education to workers in the form of providing OHS knowledge through the toolbox meeting program and periodically monitoring of conditions in the work field.

Penilaian Risiko Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja Pada Pekerjaan Kolom, Balok dan Pelat Lantai (Studi Kasus Proyek Konstruksi Pembangunan Gedung Kantor Kejaksaan Tinggi Provinsi Riau)

The implementation of construction activities, especially building construction work, has a high risk of accidents because each stage of the work contains many potential hazards that can be detrimental. This study aims to determine the highest occupational accident risk and its control in column, beam and floor slab work. The research method was carried out through field observations as well as interviews and surveys from several sources. The results of this study are jobs that contain the highest risk value, namely in the steps of installing work and dismantling column formwork, installing scaffolding, and installing wooden beams on beam and floor slab work where each step of this work has a risk level value of 6, this has high level of risk . For hazard control, the contractor carries out several work programs with the aim of reducing the potential for work accidents. As for the program in the form of Toolbox, Safety Patrol, Safety Weekly Meeting, Safety Talk, Fooging and Extrapuding.

Compound Karst Cave Treatment and Waterproofing Strategy for EPB Shield Tunnelling in Karst Areas: A Case Study

There is high risk of water inrush and ground collapse accidents when tunnelling in karst areas. Based on the case study of an urban metro tunnel, this paper focuses on karst cave treatment and waterproofing strategies for earth pressure balancing (EPB) shield tunnelling in karst areas containing large amounts of karst caves and fissures. When the shield machine enters the karst area, water gush easily occurs, posing serious threats to tunnelling safety. The distribution characteristic of limestone fractures, karst caves, and fissures in the karst area were analyzed according to the geological survey results. Further, water inrush risk and engineering difficulties were analyzed. Subsequently, a compound karst cave treatment and waterproofing strategy for EPB shield tunnelling was proposed and implemented. Water inflow is successfully reduced and ground collapse accident is avoided using the compound karst cave treatment and waterproofing strategy.

An Overview of the Ambulance Safety: Towards the Improvement in ASEAN Countries


 
 
 Ambulances have been utilized as one of the important vehicles in operating the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system. As safety is the utmost priority for an EMS crashes involving ambulances would not only delay patient transfers but would also endanger its occupants and other road users. Although the numbers of accidents involving ambulances are considered to be low as compared to other types of vehicles, preventive measures need to be taken in order to eliminate the high risk of accidents occurring as ambulances should be able to provide reliable and safe emergency transport services for the benefit of the public. An overview of ambulance accidents is highlighted in this paper. Based on the literature reviews, four main factors have been identified as the contributor to the causes of the accidents involving ambulances – driver-related factor, vehicle-related factor, task-related factor, and environment-related factor. From the findings, future research should be focused on creating mitigation plans on a structured preventive measure that could be implemented particularly in reducing fatal accidents involving the ambulance in ASEAN countries.
 
 

Improvements of Education and Training for Capacity-building of Rescue and Aid at Inland Waters

The purpose of this study is to develop measures for preventing or minimizing causalities at inland waters, by examining the actual conditions of rescue and aid at Korean inland waters and diagnosing related problems. It, therefore, attempted to analyze the status and system of the activity of rescue and aid at inland waters in Korea at high risk of accidents at inland waters, as it is highly affected by changes in rainfall because of climate change caused by global warming, a localized torrential downpour and its geography characterized by many mountainous districts, and to investigate the cases in Japan of which the system of rescue and aid at inland waters is similar to those in Korea. The problems related to the activity of rescue and aid at inland waters include lack of experts engaging in rescue and aide at inland waters, poor ability and professionalism for site response and dispersed the management system for it. This study is expected to establishing practical education and training plans specific to localities and reviewing the activity of rescue and aid at inland waters.

IDENTIFIKASI POTENSI BAHAYA DAN PENGENDALIANNYA PADA PEKERJAAN BEKISTING ALUMA SYSTEM PROYEK X

Work at height is a job with a high risk of accidents, such as in the formwork aluma system. Weak supervision and a lack of knowledge of the workforce on potential hazards and risk control of the formwork aluma system are some of the causes of the high incidence of work accidents in this work. This research was conducted on the formwork aluma system of the BRI Gatot Subroto tower project, South Jakarta. The goal is to determine the potential hazards and risk control of aluma system formwork. Risk analysis is carried out using the AS / NZS 4360: 2004 standard to determine the level of risk to the potential hazards of the aluma system formwork. Potential hazards in the formwork aluma system are falling, bumping, being cut, punctured and crushed, with the level of risk being at high, substantial, medium and low levels. Risk control is carried out by the control hierarchy, namely elimination, substitution, engineering, administration, and control of PPE.

Modelling of possible tanker accident oil spills in the Istanbul Strait in order to demonstrate the dispersion and toxic effects of oil pollution.

Countries located on the Black Sea coast perform most of their sea trade through the Istanbul Strait (IS). Approximately 50,000 ships pass through the IS each year, with crude oil tankers making up the majority. Thus, the aim of the study is to determine the acute toxic effect of oil pollution that may occur as a result of crude oil tanker accidents in the IS. By utilising data related to accidents that have occurred in the IS, locations of concentrated tanker accidents, or "hot spots," were determined by Kernel Density Analysis. Subsequently, the distribution of potential leaks following an oil tanker accident, within these hot spots, is modelled with GNOME software. Finally, acute toxicity caused by oil pollution in the marine ecosystem is determined by Aliivibrio fischeri luminescent bacteria toxicity test. In this research, 5 hot spots are identified, where the maximum calculated amount of oil that can reach the coastline after 72h is 3096 metric tons. Similarly, oil pollution can affect a total coastline of 30-35km. Furthermore, it was determined that after the oil was diluted in seawater, at a ratio of 1:200,000, the toxic effects decrease (EC50 above 100mg/L), yet the chronic effects may still continue. The results of this study may serve as a reference for coastal state authorities to develop emergency response plans. Having this valuable knowledge of where high-risk accidents are most concentrated, where the accidents occur intensely, which areas can be affected by the pollution, the duration of the pollution effects, and the distance between the areas, will help determine the number of intervention stations to be installed, their locations, and equipment to be installed to the stations.

Chainsaw Operator Training & Occupational Safety and Health Socialization at Perum Perhutani KPH Banyuwangi Utara

Chainsaw operator is an important profession in logging production forest which has high occupational accident risk criteria. These potential risks can be in the form of accidents that are mechanical, electrical, biological, and physical. This community service activity is in the form of socializing chainsaw machine operational SOPs and introducing occupational health and safety as a preventive effort in reducing the potential risks faced by loggers in the Perum Perhutani KPH Banyuwangi Utara. This activity received quite a good appreciation for chainsaw operators in the Perum Perhutani KPH North Banyuwangi environment. The results of the training have provided basic knowledge about maintaining chainsaw machines and increasing safety first discipline for all parties involved in chainsaw operator activities.

Challenges influencing the safety of migrant workers in the construction industry: A qualitative study in Italy, Spain, and the UK

The construction industry is notoriously high risk for accidents, injuries, and deaths, particularly for non-national or migrant workers, who comprise a significant proportion of the workforce. This paper presents an international, qualitative study focused on exploring the challenges which influence the safety of migrant construction workers in Italy, Spain, and the UK. Based on a comprehensive review of the literature, we formulated two research questions about the challenges relating to safety that migrant workers face and the challenges to safety training effectively improving migrant workers’ safety behaviours. We present our template analysis of semi-structured interviews and focus groups with 88 participants from four occupational groups across all three countries. This identified commonalities and differences in interpretations of the primary challenges to migrant workers’ safety, amongst participants from the various occupational groups (workers, site supervisors, safety trainers and safety experts) in Italy, Spain, and the UK. These were associated with: increased use of subcontractors; dilution of safety standards down the supply chain; pressure to breach safety regulations on site; differing safety-related attitudes and behaviours due to national cultural differences, language barriers and issues relating to training (provision, delivery, language, content and transfer). Finally, we summarise the contributions and limitations of our study, arguing further interventions related to safety training are needed, along with ethnographic studies to explore how both macro-level and contextual factors affect safety outcomes for migrant construction workers.

Evaluation of Mining Safety Management System Implementation in PT. ANTAM UBPN Sultra

occupational safety and health in the mining sector, is an important aspect in mining business activities because it has a high risk of occupational accidents or occupational diseases. This research aims to examine the success rate of SMKP that has been implemented by companies at PT. ANTAM. This type of research is a survey with a quantitative approach. The research sample consisted of representatives from 26 work units with a total of 613 employees. Data were collected using field observations, questionnaires, and guided interviews. Data were analyzed using quantitative descriptive with percentages. The results of internal audit and questionnaire as a whole, it was found that the success of implementing SMKP was 89%. Evaluation Results of the Application of Safety Management Systems at PT. ANTAM has been implemented in line with the regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Decree Number 26 of 2018.

Investigation of speed and trajectory of motorcycle riders at curved road sections of two-lane rural roads under diverse lighting conditions

Introduction: Vehicular accidents at horizontal curves are over-represented compared to accidents that occur at tangent sections. Investigations have been conducted aimed at identifying the major causes that result in higher accident risk, both in terms of severity and rate, at curved road sections. Excessive or abrupt changes in speeding and improper vertical position are cited as major factors of lane departure, whereas other factors (either human or environmental) have also been documented. However, most research involves 4-wheel vehicles rather than other modes of transport that behave differently. More specifically, while motorcyclist fatalities occur more frequently than passenger vehicles, when accounting for vehicle distance traveled only a limited number of research studies address their behavior at curved road sections. Method: This paper presents the findings of field operational tests carried out by motorcyclists along two-lane rural roads with a wide range of horizontal curves using an instrumented motorcycle. Key objectives of the research included the conditions under which the motorcyclists differentiate their trajectory in regards to the direction of the horizontal curves, the correlation between the trajectory and the geometry of the road, and the impact of the lighting conditions on riders’ behavior. Results: The research showed that motorcyclists tend to ride closer to the centerline of the road, neglect the hazards associated with dim lighting conditions, and maintain constant speed in the left hand and the right-hand horizontal curves.

Transdermal Application of Anesthetic Preparations Is Effective in Increasing Mechanical Nociceptive Threshold at Perineural Injection Sites in Horses

Perineural anaesthesia is an essential part of lameness investigation in horses. Painful reactions to injections imply a high risk of accidents for veterinarians. To evaluate the efficacy of two topical anaesthetic creams on desensitization of the skin at two perineural injection sites and to evaluate the effects these formulations may have on pain perception distally to the application sites. Randomized, blind, prospective study. 14 healthy horses were randomly divided in two groups of 7 horses each, one treated with EMLA and one with PLIAGLIS preparations. The mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT) was recorded via pressure algometer at the baseline and one hour after application (T1) on palmar and palmar digital nerve blocks sites. Skin sensation was also assessed on the distal limb, recording MNT on the coronary band and on both bulbs of the heels. Data were compared with a 3-way ANOVA statistical analyses. No significant difference was encountered in the MNT values between baseline records and records at T1 at the control sites. A significant difference of MNT values was detected between the two time points in the treated limbs. The significant sources of variation in our study were the time and the presence of anaesthetic cream. The type of treatment did not determine any differences. Furthermore, no significant difference of MNT values at sites distal to treatment was recorded between the two time points, both in the treated limb and control limbs. Both formulations are effective to obtain superficial skin desensitization

On the fundamental diagram and driving behavior modeling of heterogeneous traffic flow using UAV-based data

A significant difference in the behavior of heterogeneous and undisciplined traffic streams is observed when compared with the conventional traffic flow. Most of the existing traffic flow models are developed considering the traffic stream with strict lane discipline. Several studies from South Asian countries have reported high heterogeneity in the traffic stream with weak or no lane discipline. This study, for the first time, develops fundamental traffic flow diagrams for the heterogeneous and undisciplined traffic stream by analyzing traffic videos captured using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) in Karachi, Pakistan. UAV-based speed-density data is modeled using a weighted least-square regression technique, and stochastic fundamental diagrams (FDs) are developed to represent the entire range of speed-density data. The stochastic FDs are used to determine the 85th percentile speeds to implement speed limits on major urban arterials. The multi-modal FDs show a significant difference in the behavior of different modes in the traffic stream. The aggressive behavior of motorbike riders, which put them at a higher risk of accidents, highlights the need for policy measures to enforce discipline in the traffic stream. The main contribution of this study is the utilization of a UAV-based geospatial analysis technique for accurate extraction of longitudinal and lateral distances between vehicles to determine the relationship between macroscopic and microscopic parameters of traffic flow. This study shows that lateral gaps between vehicles are inversely related to traffic density. The longitudinal gaps observed for local heterogeneous traffic show a significant difference with the longitudinal gaps estimated using a standard car-following model. The macroscopic and microscopic models for heterogeneous and undisciplined traffic flow presented in this study could be useful in developing novel traffic flow models and calibrating the existing microscopic/ macroscopic traffic flow models for the traffic streams with similar heterogeneity and lane behavior.

Navigation Risk estimation using a modified Bayesian Network modeling-a case study in Taiwan

Frequency of the shipping accidents in Taiwan has been increasing since 2013. Navigation Risk estimation using a modified Bayesian Network (BN) making use of the shipping accident data between 2014 and 2019 is conducted. Parameters based on Ministry of Transportation and Communications (MOTC) marine accident database are treated as the parent and child nodes, namely, Ship Age, Flag, Ship Type, Gross Tonnage, Accident Type, Accident Severity, Sea State and Location. The information of such knobs is compiled and forms the basis for prior and conditional probability calculations. Considering the consistency of the condition probability entries for child nodes lacking data, a mapping process contemplating the states from parent nodes is proposed. Rationality of the BN model is validated by the sensitivity analysis of the Navigation Risk outcomes and Accident Frequency and Accident Severity comparisons with the MOTC figures. General Cargoes, Bulk Carriers and Containers under 10,000 GT tend to have higher risk of accidents whereas Containers and General Cargoes over 15,000 GT are prone to encounter mishaps. Grounding, Collision and Fire/Explosion should deserve attention worldwide. The proposed BN demonstrates the feature of proactive safety analysis based on scenario analysis carrying out Navigation Risk predictions considering vessel characteristics and environmental conditions.

Health of illegal workers from cattle slaughterhouses in Northeast Brazil.

Slaughterhouse workers are at high risk of accidents and pathogen contamination. Despite good technology and large production, the slaughter industry still has clandestine settlements in several cities of Brazil's countryside. This illegal activity represents severe risks to the health of consumers and slaughterhouse workers. Only a few studies show the health of clandestine slaughterhouse workers, considered as a hidden population because of their illegal activity. Thirty workers (6 women and 24 men) answered a questionnaire about the work and health conditions of clandestine slaughtering from a small city in Northeast Brazil. The authors also did local observations of the slaughtering, which broadened the view of this activity. Most slaughterhouse clandestine workers are young, have little educational background, and work without legal rights. Clandestine workers - men and women - have severe health problems related to the activity of cattle slaughtering, which include physical injuries, metabolic diseases and psychological disorders. Women appear to be more affected by these health problems. Working conditions are adverse, dangerous and offer risks of contamination, injuries and chronic diseases. The workers' poorness, low income and low education level can explain the vulnerability to the diseases observed in illegal slaughtering. This is the first study to analyze the health of illegal slaughterhouse workers in Brazil's countryside.

Exploring Countermeasures from a Psychological Perspective to Create a Safe Driving Environment for Personal Mobility Devices

The personal mobility device (E-Powered Personal Mobility Vehicle) has recently been attracting attention as a viable method of transportation for first and last mile travel, primarily due to its portability and ease of mobility. Although the size of its market is increasing rapidly, the number of accidents is also increasing rapidly. Suwon city, in particular, has the highest rate of traffic accidents linked with personal mobility among all of the local governments in the Gyeonggi Province in Korea, as of 2019. The annual average rate of increase has been as high as 151.7% over the past three years. The objective of this study was to analyze the usage of personal mobility devices among Suwon citizens through a questionnaire, which was then analyzed using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). We then examined the impact of psychological attitudes on the future use of personal mobility, and then derived future policy directions from all of the gathered data. According to a survey of Suwon citizens, the ratio of users who had no experience in using the devices was higher than that of those who had some experience in using them. The results of the survey on citizens’ satisfaction with the driving environment revealed that their overall satisfaction level was low, while the response rate regarding the need for safety equipment and systems was high, confirming that the current system had poor safety levels, which results in a very high risk of accidents. However, given that there were many positive responses regarding the users’ intentions to use personal mobility devices in the future, it seems that it is necessary to establish a safer driving environment in order to better incorporate these personal mobility devices into the city.

Intelligent Traffic Accident Prediction Model for Internet of Vehicles With Deep Learning Approach

In this study, a high accident risk prediction model is developed to analyze traffic accident data, and identify priority intersections for improvement. A database of the traffic accidents was organized and analyzed, and an intersection accident risk prediction model based on different mechanical learning methods was created to estimate the possible high accident risk locations for traffic management departments to use in planning countermeasures to reduce accident risk. Using Bayes’ theorem to identify environmental variables at intersections that affect accident risk levels, this study found that road width, speed limit and roadside markings are the significant risk factors for traffic accidents. Meanwhile, Naïve Bayes, Decision tree C4.5, Bayesian Network, Multilayer perceptron (MLP), Deep Neural Networks (DNN), Deep Belief Network (DBN) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) were used to develop an accident risk prediction model. This model can also identify the key factors that affect the occurrence of high-risk intersections, and provide traffic management departments with a better basis for decision-making for intersection improvement. Using the same environmental characteristics as high-risk intersections for model inputs to estimate the degree of risk that may occur in the future, which can be used to prevent traffic accidents in the future. Moreover, it also can be used as a reference for future intersection design and environmental improvements.

The effect of smartphones on daytime sleepiness, temporomandibular disorders, and bruxism among young adults.

Effects of modern cellular technology on our lives is a relatively new topic of interest. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of smartphone use on daytime sleepiness, temporomandibular disorders (TMD), and bruxism (sleep and awake) among young adults in Israel. Questionnaires on demographic variables, mobile phone use characteristics, anxiety, depression, daytime sleepiness, bruxism (sleep and awake), and diagnosis of TMD were filled in by ultra-Orthodox young adults (18 to 35 years of age) using a simple mobile device with no internet connection, religious young adults who use an internet-connected smartphone solely for work purposes, and secular young adults with an internet-connected smartphone for unlimited use. Various aspects of smartphone use, including being awakened at night by the phone, stress caused by information delivered by the phone, and stress from phone overuse increased the risks of daytime sleepiness, TMD, and bruxism. Those sequelae are associated with substantial negative effects on both the individual and society. High risks of motor vehicle accidents, chronic orofacial pain, and irreversible damage to hard dental tissue structures are some of those negative consequences. The adverse effects of smartphone use on daytime sleepiness, TMD, and bruxism are substantial. Their influence on public health and health care costs are causes of concern. (Quintessence Int 2021;52:548-559; doi: 10.3290/j.qi.b1244431).