High-rise Residential Complex Research Articles

Multi-parametric optimization volumetric porosity to minimize energy consumption in high-rise residential complexes

The physical characteristics of high-rise buildings are among the complex and influential factors that contribute to energy consumption reduction. This research introduces an algorithmic method to investigate the impact of volumetric porosity of buildings on the level of cooling and heating load consumption. The objective of this research is to elucidate the correlation between the aforementioned variables in a high-rise residential complex in Tehran city through a proposed method. This objective was accomplished through the creation of a parametric and variable “Modular Generative Model”. To this end, a parametric generative model was utilized to extract models with varying porosity percentages. These models were then influenced by the percentage of surface radiation in Tehran on two specific dates: the summer solstice and the winter solstice. The extraction process was performed algorithmically. Then, a multi-parametric simulation was conducted on these two dates, considering various parameters, in a way that can be generalized to other global climates. The correlation between the pore volume percentage and the energy consumption was calculated and tested on the aforementioned dates.In the subsequent phase, energy simulation was carried out once again to optimize energy consumption for a specific climate. This involved replacing the glass modules with porous modules in the mentioned samples and leveraging their greenhouse effect. Subsequently, the correlation between the greenhouse effect and the cooling and heating load consumption was analyzed by studying the correlation graph. Finally, in order to achieve the optimal solution, a genetic algorithm was employed to determine the optimal values of the independent variables, which would result in the minimum values of the dependent variables. The findings of this research provide a set of quantitative recommendations based on the most optimal solution, which can be utilized as form-finding rules in the initial stages of design.

Evaluating planting strategies for outdoor thermal comfort in high-rise residential complexes: a computational fluid dynamics simulation study.

This study aims to examine the impact of planting strategies on improving thermal comfort in relation to the existing buildings within real high-rise residential complexes. Using numerical simulation via ENVI-met, we compare six planting scenarios characterized by two locational schemes-open-space planting and building-vicinity planting-and three tree quantities. The results highlight the importance of planting greater numbers of trees, and also of their locations, to moderate the thermal environment. The findings of the study demonstrated that increasing the number of trees in the open space by threefold of the advisory guidelines led to a significant reduction in the average air temperature by 0.87°C, mean radiant temperature (MRT) by 11.00°C, physiological equivalent temperature (PET) by 4.50°C, and wind speed by 0.30m/s. Planting the minimum number of trees under building-vicinity reduced air temperature by 0.07°C, MRT by 2.48°C, and PET by 0.92°C, while showing a slight increase in wind speed of approximately 0.01m/s. To achieve improvements in both thermal condition and air flow, we suggest planting rows of trees parallel to the prevailing wind direction in the ventilation corridors at some distance from buildings, to minimize overlap of shade from trees and from buildings. The findings of this study will provide useful guidelines for effective planting design in dense residential areas.

Influence of path design cooling strategies on thermal conditions and pedestrian walkability in high-rise residential complexes

Intensive urbanization exacerbates overheating in cities, leading to negative impacts on human health. Although numerous studies have investigated the improvement of pedestrian comfort through street-level treatments, few have examined the influence on pedestrian walkability, and the spatial extent of cooling effects from paths to adjacent areas remains unevaluated. This study assesses the cooling effects of different mitigation strategies on four thermal indicators—surface temperature (Tsurf), air temperature (Ta), mean radiant temperature (MRT), and physiological equivalent temperature (PET)—using ENVI-met simulations. We employ Agent-based Models (ABM) to analyze pedestrian walkability through perceived travel time (PTT). The study focuses on two high-rise residential complexes in Suwon City, South Korea, and compares reflective pavement, single-row tree planting, and clustered tree planting mitigation strategies. Results indicate that single-row planting offers more significant cooling effects across the entire site compared to other strategies, while clustered planting improves local heat conditions. Cooling effects extend from the path to the entire block, with single-row planting reducing Tsurf by up to 5.5 °C, Ta by 0.2 °C, MRT by 16.2 °C, and PET by 5.8 °C at 12.72 m away from paths during the hottest hours. ABM results suggest that single-row planting provides the best PTT reduction and can be up to 36.24 %. The proposed framework and findings provide urban designers with a data-driven approach to optimize pedestrian thermal comfort and walkability.

High-Rise Residential Outdoor Space Value System: A Case Study of Yangtze River Delta Area

The outbreak of COVID-19 has drawn wider attention from residents with growing demand for outdoor space in residential areas because of restrictions on residents' mobility, especially in China. However, the high-rise residential complex in China is featured with a high population density along with less outdoor space per household. This means that the current status of outdoor space in residential areas is far from satisfying residents' growing needs. This is consistent with our preliminary survey that highlights general low satisfaction of residents with outdoor space. According to the hierarchical theory of needs, a literature review, and a questionnaire survey, a framework is proposed in this study to examine the universal value system of high-rise residential outdoor space using the Yangtze River Delta Area as a case study. This framework consists of six dimensions, i.e., space physical comfort (physical environment and space size), space function (functional complexity and scale, age-range, and time-range), space safety (daily, social, and hygiene safety), space diversity (spatial layerings, forms, and scales diversity), accessibility (spatial attraction and concentration and path clarity) and sustainability (cultural, social, ecological, and financial sustainability). Consequently, a questionnaire was designed according to the framework and 251 valid questionnaires were received. Then, structural equation modeling (SEM) was undertaken to examine the impact of each dimension on the value of outdoor space and the framework was optimized into four dimensions, i.e., space physical comfort, space function, space safety, and DAT (space diversity, accessibility, and sustainability). Finally, the mechanism of how outdoor space quality influences the high-rise residential complex is analyzed. These findings provide useful input for the future planning and design of high-rise residential areas.

Effective Methodologies to Study Affects: New Tools for Engaging With Socio-Spatial Relations

Present day cities are highly diverse and include ongoing socio-spatial transformations. Attending to recent calls made within urban planning literature to draw on relational, nonrepresentational approaches to better attend to current cities dynamics, this paper suggests three adapted qualitative methods to the study of socio-spatial relations. The paper draws on three empirical case studies of diverse urban settings (the international airport and high-rise residential complexes) in which traditional qualitative methods were adjusted to attune to ‘affects’ in socio-spatial research: sense-oriented observations; experiential walking tours; and in-depth in situ interviews. The paper discusses the benefits and disadvantages of each of these methods and reconsiders the knowledge that can be derived from socio-spatial studies in urban planning for better urban futures. The paper advances the development of a solid nonrepresentational framework in urban planning to derive nuanced understandings of diverse urban experiences in rapidly changing cities, and planning which is more attentive to multiplicities, transformations, and complexities. For nonrepresentational scholars, the paper contributes to the search of affective methodologies empirical examples utilizing qualitative methods which were adjusted to include affective experiences in diverse urban settings.

An Experimental and Numerical Study of the Winter Outdoor Wind Environment in High-Rise Residential Complexes in a Coastal City in Northern China

In recent years, residents in high-rise residential complexes (HRCs) in China have been placing an increasing demand on the living quality in HRCs. Particularly, the outdoor wind conditions are garnering more attention; however, few studies on the wind conditions within HRCs with densely arranged buildings and high plot ratios have been reported. Therefore, this study investigated the relation between the buildings’ layouts in HRCs and their wind conditions and it proposes optimization strategies to enhance body comfort in their outdoor environments. The research methods in this work involved field surveys, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, and field monitoring. The field surveys were used to determine the types of activities undertaken by the residents in the selected HRCs and their perceptions of the wind conditions within the HRCs. Field monitoring was primarily conducted to measure the present wind conditions in the HRCs. The CFD simulations were performed to analyze the interactions between individual buildings and the wind as well as the performance of the wind conditions in the HRCs before and after a building layout optimization. The simulation results and monitoring data showed that the present wind conditions in the HRCs were uncomfortable due to high wind speeds (exceeding 5 m/s) and large windless areas. To achieve a comfortable outdoor wind environment, future HRCs should adopt a point-to-point building layout and the buildings should be oriented south. Moreover, the ratios of the height to width (Hb/Wb) for individual buildings should be kept at approximately 1.33. For existing HRCs, landscape walls, trees, and moveable windbreak panels can be used to reduce the wind speeds, especially in open exit/entrance areas and windward areas.

Assessment of Path Design Cooling Strategies in High-Rise Residential Complexes: A Case Study in Suwon, South Korea

Assessment of Path Design Cooling Strategies in High-Rise Residential Complexes: A Case Study in Suwon, South Korea

Modern High-Rise Residential Complexes: the Modernization of Slums in the Formation of the Silhouettes of Capital Cities (on the Example of Baghdad)

Urbanization as a socio-economic process manifested in the concentration of the population in modern big cities-especially the capitals - contributes to the development of high-rise residential complexes construction, which formation of the silhouettes of cities. City residents put forward new architectural and functional requirements to urban infrastructure. This calls for the creation of new types and forms of residential buildings, the structure of the city and transport networks. In addition, the need to develop high-rise building construction is justified by the growing demand for residential, public and administrative buildings and the lack of free space and the modernization of slums. Slums are a reality that many developing countries have to face. Despite all the efforts made to contain its growth, slums areas are increasing and it seems that removing them and providing formal housing for all its residents or at least compensating them for their investments is impossible, the modernization remains the best possible options in dealing with these areas. The paper analyses the modernization of slums in the formation of the silhouettes of capital city (Baghdad), by building modern high-rise residential complexes.

Prospects for the development of high-rise residential complexes on the example of the city of Nur-Sultan

Prospects for the development of high-rise residential complexes on the example of the city of Nur-Sultan

An Analysis of Spatial Dependence in Real Estate Prices

Real estate properties are naturally location-fixed. When space related factors are not fully incorporated in a standard pricing equation, spatial autocorrelation is likely to exist. This results in inefficiencies in estimations and raises the need for more complex spatial models. This paper analyzes the determinants of spatial dependence and evaluates the performance of the hedonic regression equation when the determinants of spatial dependence are controlled for. Using a novel dataset for a metropolitan housing market, we document the spatial clustering of housing characteristics such as area, total number of floors and the building age. We find support for the hypotheses that the construction process, shared social services and high-rise residential complexes cause spatial correlation. Our findings show that spatial correlation is significantly reduced when the factors of spatial dependence and district level data is controlled for in the standard hedonic regression.

Assessment of the influence of surrounding buildings on the wind impact on a high-rise residential complex

The paper considers the objects of a point structure in the study of wind effects on built construction objects. According to the presented algorithm, an experimental study of the wind effect in a wind tunnel designed in the city of Moscow was performed. The study was conducted taking into account the environmental impact. The result of the work is a comparative analysis of data on wind exposure.

System Identification and Calibration of an Analytical Model of High-Rise Residential Complex Buildings based on Artificial Neural Network

System Identification and Calibration of an Analytical Model of High-Rise Residential Complex Buildings based on Artificial Neural Network

Assessment of CO2 Emissions by Replacing an Ordinary Reinforced Concrete Slab with the Void Slab System in a High-Rise Commercial Residential Complex Building in South Korea

The purpose of this study is to verify the environmental performance of the novel Void Deck Slab (VDS) system developed by the authors. The proposed VDS is a void slab system with enhanced design features that improve the constructability of the system through the elimination of additional works required to connect the void formers with the anchoring devices. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) technique was adopted to assess the carbon dioxide emissions of the void slab system with reference to the ordinary reinforced concrete slab. The system boundary of this study ranged from raw materials to pre-operation phase, in accordance with ISO 14044. The total CO2 emissions of the ordinary reinforced concrete slab and the void slab system were 204,433.06 and 151,754.75 kg CO2-eq, respectively, which equated to about 34% less emissions for the void slab system. In the case of the ordinary reinforced concrete slab, moulds accounted for approximately 62% of CO2 emission, followed by concrete (~34%). The main source of CO2 emissions for the void slab system was concrete that accounted for ~50%, followed by moulds and deck plates that accounted for roughly 27% and 19%, respectively. In the case of the void slab system, void formers would enable a lower amount of concrete, as well as the self-weight of the slab. Besides, although the void formers filled a significant volume of the slab, the contribution to CO2 emissions was less than 1%.

QuVue implementation for decisions related to high-rise residential building layouts

This paper tested a newly developed visible sky ratio measure called QuVue in an actual high-rise residential complex to determine its robustness and identify its limitations. QuVue is a new index for measuring visible sky ratios that overcomes the major hurdles of current methods. It calculates the actual three-dimensional projection area of obstacles onto a virtual hemisphere, considering humans’ downward view. A base-case Parametric Building Layouts (PBL) model was developed based on a high-rise residential complex in South Korea to serve as a basis for comparison and a means of presenting the strength of QuVue and its practical applications in residential design. Test cases showed that QuVue improved visible sky ratio accuracy and was capable of handling more complex conditions such as the forms, layouts, orientations, and heights of surrounding buildings. In terms of site planning, QuVue was implemented to optimize building layouts. Test cases addressing multi-objective optimization produced better building layout alternatives than the base-case PBL model for both QuVue and solar access right. Variables in the PBL model were also discussed to emphasize the flexibility of building layouts and reduce the restrictive force of prescriptive rules.

Assurance of reliability of high-rise building structures at design stage as exemplified by residential building complex in Yekaterinburg

The intensive expansion of high-rise construction is observed in Russia during the last several decades. Today it is hard to imagine a Russian metropolitan city without a skyscraper, whether it is a multipurpose business-center or a residential building. High-rise buildings in Ekaterinburg (which is a center of Urals) include not only office buildings, but also residential buildings higher than 100 meters. It is worth mentioning that most of these high-rise buildings were designed by local design companies without the participation of foreign specialists. The reliability and strength of the building structures received the particular attention during the high-rise building design process irrespectively of the function of a building. It is well known that the reliability of building structures shall be assured as early as the design stage, and therefore it is necessary to pay a special attention to the analysis of bearing structures under worst-case combinations of design loads in order to prevent them from influencing the strength of the building structures in the course of its service. Also it is important to note that high-rise buildings are subject to factors extrinsic to low-rises, such as aerodynamic loads. In addition to the wind loads, aerodynamic conditions of the building location in general also have a significant effect. In this work the authors review the specifics of design of high-rise building in Urals region on the example of one of the high-rise residential complexes in Ekaterinburg. Basic design conditions are described and architectural, planning, and design features of the building are reviewed. Effects of harmful factors acting on the building frame, including the wind loads, are analyzed. Some distinctive features of the analysis of the bearing structures are given. The conclusion contains the summary on specifics of high-rise buildings design and construction in Urals.

Calculation of PVC windows for wind loads in high-rise buildings

In the following article we examine problems faced when designing PVC windows for high-rise buildings, which are usually not considered when constructing objects for massive sites, using a high-rise residential complex as an example. We address the matters related to wind loads on windows & statistical calculation of the impact of wind loads on them. We have presented variants of installing load-bearing elements of PVC windows which accept wind loads. We conducted a laboratory experiment by simulating wind loads on the window design, which is actually used for glazing the examined high-rise building. In the course of the experiment we determined additional factors which need to be considered when constructing PVC window structures for glazing high-rise buildings. We can determine that the following calculation method for the impact of wind load on PVC windows gives higher values of the desired statistical characteristics of load-bearing elements of a window compared to the results of laboratory experiments. We provide prerequisites to improve the analytical method of calculating impact of wind loads on load-bearing elements of PVC windows.

Determination of sustainable values for the parameters of the construction of residential buildings

For the formation of programs for housing construction and planning of capital investments, when developing the strategic planning companies by construction companies, the norms or calculated indicators of the duration of the construction of high-rise residential buildings and multifunctional complexes are mandatory. Determination of stable values of the parameters for the high-rise construction residential buildings provides an opportunity to establish a reasonable duration of construction at the planning and design stages of residential complexes, taking into account the influence of market conditions factors. The concept of the formation of enlarged models for the high-rise construction residential buildings is based on a real mapping in time and space of the most significant redistribution with their organizational and technological interconnection - the preparatory period, the underground part, the above-ground part, external engineering networks, landscaping. The total duration of the construction of a residential building, depending on the duration of each redistribution and the degree of their overlapping, can be determined by one of the proposed four options. At the same time, a unified approach to determining the overall duration of construction on the basis of the provisions of a streamlined construction organization with the testing of results on the example of high-rise residential buildings of the typical I-155B series was developed, and the coefficients for combining the work and the main redevelopment of the building were determined.

A second level of the Saint Petersburg skyline

The article considers the history of the residential development in Saint Petersburg and states corresponding landmark dates. In recent years, changes in the altitude range of the residential development are noted, the influence of this factor on the formation of the city’s silhouette is assessed. Reasons for such changes are identified. Attractiveness of high-rise residential complexes for living is assessed. Conclusions are made of tendencies in further housing construction development in terms of its altitude range. It is noted that it is possible to locate multi-storied buildings in the periphery of the city, taking into account specific visual characteristics of the construction site and silhouette of erected buildings; as for central districts, strict regulations regarding the altitude range are needed.

A Study on Improvement Way of Fire Simulation Modelling Field through Analysis of Performance-Based Design Reports of High-rise Residential Complex Building in B Metropolitan City

최근 우리나라에서는 초고층 건축물의 신축이 급증하고 있어 화재 발생 시 인명 및 재산피해를 최소화하기 위해현행 법규와 동등 이상의 성능을 요구하는 ‘성능위주설계’를 의무적으로 시행하고 있다. 그러나 성능위주설계에서큰 비중을 차지하고 있는 화재 및 피난 시뮬레이션 분야는 아직 세부적인 기술적 가이드라인이 제정되지 않아 설계자들이 앞서 수행했던 여러 설계도서들을 참고하여 그와 유사하게 진행하고 있는 실정이다. 그 중에서도 화재시뮬레이션의 경우에는 설계자의 판단에 따라 시나리오 유형을 선정하고 임의로 입력값을 설정하고 있어 같은 용도의 건축물이라 하더라도 누가 어떻게 설계했느냐에 따라 다른 결과가 도출되고 있는 것도 사실이다. 이에 본 논문에서는실제 B도시지역에 접수된 성능위주설계(건축심의 전 단계) 도서 7건을 무작위로 조사하여 화재시나리오 유형과 시나리오별 입력조건 현황을 파악하고 합리적인 화재시뮬레이션의 수행을 위한 개선방안을 제시하여 기술적 가이드라인 제정에 대한 초석을 다지고자 한다.Recently, in Korea, construction of high-rise buildings has been rapidly increasing. Therefore, in order to minimize the lossof life and property in the event of a fire, “performance-based design” which requires performance equal to or better thancurrent regulations is obligatorily required. However, in the field of fire and evacuation simulation, which occupies a largepart in the performance-based design, detailed technical guidelines have not yet been established. Therefore, various designersare proceeding with the computer simulation modelling by referring to the design report book previously performed. Especially,in the case of the fire simulation, according to the judgment of a designer the scenario type is selected and the input valuesis set. Even if the building is used for the same purpose, it is true that the result can be different depending on how andwho designed it. Therefore, in this paper, we have investigated the fire scenarios type and scenarios input values by randomlyexamining 7 preliminary reports of performance-based design in B metropolitan city. We also propose the improvementstrategy for fire simulation and lay the groundwork for establishment of technical guidelines for fire simulation forperformance-based design.

A Modified Energy Evaluation Tool for Residential Complexes in South Korea to Reflect Total Electricity Consumption

This study suggests a new method to evaluate the CO2 emissions from residential complexes in South Korea. The conventional method only reflects energy consumption for space heating, hot water, and lighting. The Korean government has mandated a 40% reduction in CO2 emissions from these sources to achieve the 26.9% national CO2 reduction requirement from the building sector. The modified method reflects electricity consumption for public use and total electricity consumption for private use. The suggested equation for public electricity consumption is established by analyzing the electricity consumption of 26 residential complexes. The results of the study can be summarized as follows: (1) the conventional evaluation method is appropriate for low-rise residential complexes and a 26.7% reduction in CO2 emissions is expected. (2) However, the conventional method cannot meet the national CO2 reduction goal in high-rise residential complexes. Only a 21.7% reduction in CO2 emissions can be achieved and a modification of the energy calculation method and CO2 reduction goal should occur.