High-rise Complex Research Articles

The cooling effect of trees in high-rise building complexes in relation to spatial distance from buildings

Street trees are vital in mitigating urban heat islands, with their cooling effect significantly influenced by the urban layout. Past studies explored how urban canyon characteristics—aspect ratio, building coverage—affect tree cooling, yet seldom analyzed the impact of distance between trees and buildings. Addressing this, our study evaluates tree cooling effects concerning their proximity to shaded and sunlit walls. The findings highlight that cooling effectiveness varies with the ratio of distance from the shaded wall to building height (Dsha:H), peaking within a ratio range of 0.55 to 0.7. Below a ratio of 0.3, effectiveness decreases to 9–29 %, emphasizing the importance of strategic planting distances. The result shows that when planted at an optimal distance from buildings, small trees can produce similar radiation mitigation effects to those of larger trees. This discovery advocates for thoughtful tree placement in high-density areas, optimally leveraging their shade and evapotranspiration benefits. The study provides actionable insights for urban planners and landscape architects, suggesting that careful consideration of tree placement relative to building shadows can significantly improve urban climates, offering a strategic approach to deploying green infrastructure in high-rise complexes for enhanced climate resilience.

A numerical simulation-based solution for enhancing the safety evacuation of the high-rise complex in geriatric hospital

Due to the vulnerability of the elderly population and the specificity of the treatment environment, geriatric hospitals face more serious fire safety issues than ordinary medical buildings. Existing conclusions are mostly one-sided as researchers have mainly ignored the diversity of geriatric patients and the types of functional rooms in the buildings. To make the findings in this field completer and more adequate, a geriatric hospital high-rise was employed as a case study and simulated in Pathfinder software. This model evaluated the efficacy of hierarchical organization of evacuating crowds, modification of vertical functional zoning, and specific congestion mitigation measures. The synthesized outcomes from these evaluations informed the development of an integrated evacuation strategy. Output parameters were used in place of control variables to verify repeatability. Crowd prioritization improve evacuation efficiency by optimizing the evacuation sequence and reducing the crossing of people; vertical functional zoning modification avoid congestion by locating high-risk departments near the bottom, for example; and blockage point evacuation enhance evacuation speed by adjusting the location of exits and improving the design of staircases. This comprehensive strategy successfully reduces evacuation time by 28.8 % and can be used as a guideline for a generic evacuation optimization system for similar buildings.

Optimizing safe evacuation using pathfinder: emergency strategies in high-rise and super high-rise complex buildings in the new administrative capital

ABSTRACT Recently, the Egyptian government has sought to create new urban spots. The New Administrative Capital was one of those new urban extensions. Architects and urban designers tended to vertical expansion in planning this city as a result of the high cost of the land. Accordingly, high-rise and super-high-rise buildings have been relied upon in the architectural design of the buildings. This study aims to evaluate the achievement of safe occupants’ evacuation in case of fire for two high-rise and one super high-rise complex buildings based on a set of variables. Staircase design, the use of elevators, and the provision of refuge areas were evaluated, through simulating seven scenarios using Pathfinder software. The simulation results comprised an assessment of average stairs traffic jams, the occupant load density on emergency stairs, and the required safe evacuation time (RSET) for each scenario. It was concluded from the study that staircase design has a significant impact on (RSET) time. As well as, evacuation using elevators or relaying on refuge areas as auxiliary means with the emergency stairs may be safer for these types of buildings. Finally, the study provided technical requirements for using refuge areas and elevators in emergency evacuation in high-rise and super high-rise buildings.

ARCHITECTURAL SPECIFICATION OF SERVICE FACILITIES LOCATED AT TRANSPORT AND TRANSFER NODES

The article examines the advantages of high-rise construction at significant transport and interchange nodes at the entrance to cities using the example of the analysis of the Urban Planning Concept for the Placement of High-rise Buildings and Structures in Kyiv, developed by the Ukrainian Academy of Architecture and Projects of Kyiv Architects. According to the concept developed under the leadership of the president of UAA V.G. Stolka, the placement of new high-rise dominants should be aimed first of all at creating a clear architectural and urban planning and volume-spatial composition of the main urban planning nodes at the intersection of city highways.
 The method of forming the dominant composition of the buildings of the transport and transfer hub is considered, using the example of the environment of the metro station "Livoberezhna". Brovarsky Avenue is an important highway for entering and leaving Kyiv. Modern investors in Ukraine consider increasing the number of floors of buildings in order to rationally develop territories. In the urban planning aspect, high-rise compositions emphasize important planning nodes. The construction regularities of the volumetric-spatial composition of high-rise buildings are divided into types and the characteristics of each of them are given. The historical aspect of the formation of compositional ensembles is taken into account on the example of the Livoberezhna metro station in Kyiv. The regularities of the construction of the volumetric-spatial composition of high-rise buildings are divided by type: a single object; a high-rise complex with several tower-type buildings connected by horizontal volume-spatial parts; a building in a group of volumes of different shapes and heights, spatially connected and located at a certain distance from each other. The search for iconic compositional and artistic qualities of high-rise buildings and optimal functional and planning solutions requires architects to use and combine various planning techniques, one of which is the design of atriums in the structure of high-rise buildings in extended stylobates, etc. The historical analysis of one of the nodes showed how the relationship to the stylistic characteristics of architecture changes in connection with the development of certain stylistic currents in the world.

Novel EBBDSA based Resource Allocation Technique for Interference Mitigation in 5G Heterogeneous Network

Telecom operators have applied the cell association and load balancing technique with femtocell (HeNB) in urban dense 5G Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) for reducing loads of macrocells (MeNBs) and improving the total capacity. However, this deployment creates an interference scenario; mainly, the problem occurs severely from the users of the connected and autonomous vehicle in MeNBs coverage to HeNBs coverage. The main reason is that deploying HeNBs in MeNBs applies the co-subchannels by HeNB and MeNB, leading to severe cross-tier interference (CSI) in the OFDMA subcarrier. Due to this CSI occurrence, the spectral efficiency, Signal to Interference Noise Ratio (SINR), and system outages affect severely. As a result, the MeNB User Equipment (MUEs) and HeNB User Equipment (HUEs) suffer from service disruption, and the entire system’s performance degrades. This challenge has attracted the attention of many researchers and the telecom industries. As a result, several interferences controlling methods such as enhanced frequency allocation strategies, power management, control technique, resource scheduling, spectrum sharing, and Cognitive Radio (CR) techniques have been suggested for 5G communications. However, the study suggests that downlink interference is still challenging in dense urban zones, especially in multilevel and high-rise complex buildings. This paper proposes the EBBDSA-CSI technique where a novel Evolutionary Biogeography-based Dynamic Subcarrier Allocation (EBBDSA) algorithm is introduced for reducing the cross-tier Subcarriers interference (CSI) issues in MeNB and HeNB. The system-level simulation results suggest that the proposed algorithm reduces the system outage to 88.1%, and total spectral efficiency achieves 83.6% compared to the existing techniques.

Design and construction of multifunctional high-rise complexes as a stage to creation of vertical cities

The article raises the question of comfortable living environment in modern megacities, by building high-rise multifunctional complexes, which are an effective and rational means of increasing the density of urban development and the environment as a whole, while creating its multi-level per unit area of urban territory. The article presents examples of foreign and Russian experience in the construction of multi-level urban complexes. Attention is drawn to the fact that the design and construction of skyscrapers inevitably leads to the improvement and development of relevant technologies and competencies. The improving of building technologies in future cities will be able to produce a wider range of services both above the surface and in the urbanized underground without large losses of the resources of the cities themselves and for the benefit of future generations. It is noted that there are two opposite directions of the vertical development of the city (horizontal and vertical).

Digital modeling of progressive collapse for high-rise building

Objective. The article substantiates the need for digital simulation of emergency impact in the study of the stability of a building to progressive collapse by creating a simulator of local destruction.Method. To ensure the unique architectural appearance of the projected multifunctional high-rise complex, a complex shape has been developed with recesses in which elevator shafts are located. The principle of control of the structure due to the influx of external energy is observed. Energy conversion and the necessary protection is provided by the presence in the spatial frame of the building of balancing connections near architectural recesses, which allow stabilizing the state of a complex system. The spatial rigidity of the structural scheme of a high-rise building is ensured by the use of symmetrically located diaphragms and stiffening cores, rigid nodes for interfacing with the supporting structures of outrigger systems.Result. The calculation algorithm for progressive collapse includes the calculation of the stress-strain state of the building frame elements during normal operation. An analogue of the emergency action is created by excluding from the design model the bearing element, the instantaneous removal of which is modeled by a force with the opposite sign, determined by the results of the calculation in the normal operation stage.Conclusion. The stress-strain state of the frame, which occurs during local destruction, is a criterion for resistance to progressive collapse. The question of the need and the established form of outrigger floors in relation to a specific building has been investigated. The dependence of the dynamic characteristics when changing the structural solutions of the frame of a unique building is given.

Identification and engagement of naturally occurring retirement communities to support healthy aging in Canada: A set of methods for replication

BackgroundNaturally occurring retirement communities (NORCs), unplanned communities with a high proportion of older adult residents, offer a model to support older adults to age well in place. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive description of the methods used to identify and engage NORCs appropriate for the development of supportive service programming in Canada.MethodsThree steps were used to identify and select NORCs in which to develop supportive service programming including: 1) identification of potential NORCs using Canadian Census Dissemination Areas, the Ontario Marginalization Index and Google Maps, 2) engagement of property owner/manager to determine the availability of common space for communal programming and willingness of the owner to support programming and, 3) engagement of older adult residents within the NORC to co-design programming.ResultsFour cities in the south-east, south-central, and south-west of Ontario, Canada were identified to develop NORCs with supportive service programming. Using the methods described, six NORCs were identified, landlords and older adult residents were engaged, and programs initiated between April 2018 and March 2019. The sites included two private high-rise apartments, a city-owned low-rise subsidized apartment complex, two multi-building private high-rise complexes and a mobile home community. An average of 35 (min 20, max 78) older adult members were engaged in an average of 20.5 unique activity sessions at each site per month. On average, social (54%) and physical activities (30%) were more common than nutritional (10%) and knowledge-sharing (8%).ConclusionsThe increased prevalence of unplanned, geographically-bound NORCs creates an opportunity for governments, social and health service providers and policy makers to support healthy aging in their communities. Our experience with the creation of six new NORCs with supportive service programming provides a tested set of methods that can be applied in other communities.

A Study on the Analysis of Vertical Walking Speed Considering the Confluence of Occupants in the Stairwell of a High-rise Building

In a fire incident case in a modern high-rise complex building, most occupants use the stairs to evacuate; hence, it is critical to secure the safety of vertical escape routes, such as the stairs. However, in Korea, the size of the stairwell is stipulated as a universal standard, and there are insufficient regulations and studies on the behavioral characteristics of occupants that may occur during the vertical evacuation of buildings. Therefore, in the evacuation experiment conducted at the W University in Japan, the relationship between the density and velocity of the occupants and the flow coefficient were analyzed during merging in the stairwell to derive a regression equation. When the stair width acted as a variable, the behavioral characteristics of the occupants and the evacuation time inside the stairwell were analyzed to obtain the basic data for improving the evacuation safety in the stairwell.

Typology of Skybridges in Asia

With the rapid development of high-density urban areas and the construction of high-rise complexes, the number of skybridges has increased during the last 20 years. While skybridges in high-rise building complexes have been attracting considerable attention, a few studies have been conducted on state-of-the-art skybridges, but not enough typological research on skybridges has been made based on actual cases. In this study, the typological difference among skybridges sharing common properties was verified using a statistical method based on the cases of skybridges in Asia. The completion year, length, width, and relative elevation of skybridges were used for the statistical analysis. Based on the results, six skybridge types, i.e., open circulation, open sky park, open programmatic, enclosed rooftop programmatic, enclosed circulation, and enclosed programmatic, and their characteristics were derived and described by a three-dimensional plot. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of skybridges, and it can be used as a reference material for researchers to understand how high-rise complexes with skybridges will evolve and change their urban environment. It will also help architects to design skybridges and communicate with clients and the public on their value.

Residential coexistence: Anonymity, etiquette and proximity in high-rise living

This paper offers a new perspective on everyday life in an ethno-nationally mixed vertical urban setting. It focuses on the cultivation of a shared residential identity that, seemingly, can overcome the binational divide. Drawing on interviews with Jewish and Arab residents in a new middle-class high-rise complex (HRC) in Haifa, Israel, we illustrate that Arabs and Jews share many reasons for living in the HRC, reflecting similarities between these populations that are often ignored. Moreover, the physical form of the complex – including its newness and its modern, universal design – makes it a relatively neutral space free from a particular ethno-national or religious identity. Finally, while the relevant literature largely assumes that ‘anonymity’ in high-rises is a negative force, the sense of privacy it affords allows residents to manage social proximity and cultivate a philosophy of ‘live and let live’.

Species diversity of birds in various high-rise complexes of the Sayano-Shushenskaya Dam area

This paper presents the inventory results of bird species diversity in the area of the Sayano-Shushenskaya Dam. The territory covers the mountainous area of the National Park Shushensky Bor, urban-type settlement Cheryomushki and its surroundings, including a section of the Sayano-Shushensky reservoir in the upper head water of the Sayano-Shushenskaya Dam and the Yenisei channel below the dam. A list of 216 species has been compiled, for 195 there is reliable confirmation of their habitat. The share of migratory-nesting species is 41%, sedentary 14%, migratory species about 31%, wintering and partially wintering 34%. Three species of waterfowl spend winter in the non-freezing areas of the reservoir. Within various high-altitude complexes 10 types of habitats have been identified, where on the basis of quantitative surveys numerous and common bird species have been identified. The maximum species richness was observed for the ornithocoenosis of the floodplain-valley complex. A cluster analysis of the lists of bird species for the selected habitats has been carried out. The analysis showed a high -diversity along the gradient of heights: forest communities of different altitude levels are similar in species lists by no more than 45%, intrazonal and alpine habitats have unique sets of species and are similar to the others by 29%. The lists of birds in subalpine meadows and high-mountain tundras were found to be identical. In winter there is a high correlation of the bird population between the floodplain-valley complex and anthropogenically disturbed territories. Three bird species were found outside the main range and 5 species within the main range, but not previously noted in this area by other researchers.

Possible SARS-CoV-2 Transmission by Fecal Aerosol in High-Rise Building in China

In 2003, fecal aerosol transmission was suspected in an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in a high-rise complex in Hong Kong (NEJM

Modern High Strength Concrete with Unique Properties

Artificial stone has been one of the most common materials in construction for a long time by now. Despite the variety of types of concrete, the composite is in constant motion of development and improvement. The common use of high strength composite is for the construction of high-rise buildings or projects complex in geometry.This article suggests preparing high-strength cementitious composites by complex chemical activation using chemical admixtures in combination with reactive aggregates, as they give good hydration (hardening) of concrete. Research results confirm that this practice of complex chemical activation of cement gives high-strength concrete with better strength, deformation and durability properties.

Criteria of the estimation of residential appeal of the territories in the construction of high-rise complexes

Lots of documents governing the construction, urban planning and territory improvement have been enacted a long while ago and basically give little consideration to changes going on and current state of affairs. They are mainly related to the average cost of living in the country. This necessitates the development of a methodical base of increasing the output of the work of construction. The basic criteria for the evaluation of the appeal of objects while constructing are high-rise complexes. A method for the calculation of land needs for the general plan of an investment construction project with a yard (or condominium). The research carried out showed that urban planning standards are not really stuck to, i.e. should be. On top of that, the objections of land adjoining property are the painfully missing.

Collective space of high-rise housing complex

The article considers the problems of support of citizens a comfortable living environment in the conditions of the limited territory of the megalopolis, the typological principles of formation of space-planning structure high-rise residence complexes with public space. The collective space for residents of high-rise housing estates on the example of international experience of design and construction is in detail considered. The collective space and the area of the standard apartment are analysed on comfort classes: a social - complex Pinnacle @ Duxton, a business - Monde Condos and an elite - Hamilton Scotts. Interdependence the area of the standard flat and the total area of housing collective space, in addiction on the comfort level, is revealed. In the conditions of high-density urban development, the collective space allows to form the comfortable environment for accommodation. The recommendations for achievement of integrity and improvement of quality of the city environment are made. The convenient collective space makes a contribution to civil policy, it creates the socializing sense of interaction of residents, coagulates social effect.

INTEGRATION OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS IN HISTORICAL ENVIRONMENT

The article views the urbanization processes which are linked with continuous transformation of city for increasing of its eff ectiveness in accordance with requirements to the environment. The actual questions of the method of interaction of diff erent historical layers in urban environment are broached. The methods and means of integration of old and new are discovered on the example of design of modern high-rise complexes with their inclusion into historical objects structure. For scientifi c justifi cation of criteria of integration of existing buildings and new development in terms of vertical urban growth the concept of «hybridization method» is proposed. This method assumes that the relationship of the old and the new is based on complementary interaction principles. The examples of eff ective integration of high-rise buildings and historic houses are given with a comprehensive analysis of town planning, space planning, social and economic, demographic, environmental, technological and the other factors.

Проблемы формирования нормативной базы высотного строительства в части обеспечения безопасной эвакуации при пожаре и техногенных авариях

One of the locomotives for the development of the construction industry as a whole is the area of high-rise construction. Often, it is in the process of implementing high-rise buildings that the search for and approbation of innovative design solutions, engineering systems and technical communications, and modern building materials is carried out. The main problem that prevents the implementation of high-rise buildings is the lack of regulatory and technical documents that meet the requirements of the current level of development of the construction industry. This problem is one of the reasons for the emergence of administrative barriers, increasing costs and timing of preparation of project documentation for high-rise buildings, obstacles to the introduction of innovative technologies and engineering systems. The proposed content and filling with regulatory requirements, currently being developed codes of rules for the design of high-rise buildings and complexes, including in terms of providing fire safety, is a concern of the professional community. Filling the regulatory requirements and provisions, newly developed documents of the domestic regulatory framework, is not progressive enough and lags behind the level of proposed solutions of similar international standards for the design of high-rise buildings. In contrast to international standards, there is no requirement and provision for evacuation (rescue) of people in case of fire and man-made accidents from high-rise buildings and complexes by specialized mechanical means of internal transport. The relevance of this article is due to the need to introduce changes and additions to the evacuation of people in high-rise buildings and complexes with the help of specialized mechanical means of internal transport. This procedure is possible in view of the fact that the set of rules “Buildings and high-rise complexes. Fire Safety Requirements”, not approved, currently under discussion.

Methodology of numerical and experimental research of wind effects on high-rise complex

Nowadays there is a tendency for the requirement toughening when the construction projects are designed. The existing standard and rule control in terms of the identification of the external load on buildings and constructions is directly connected with the reliability and safety control of building constructions, and one of the most important parts of the design is to take into account the wind effect. Air flows have a different impact on buildings due to their height; it is connected with the surface air existence. Consequently, the wind effect on the high-rise should be well-researched. The acting normative documents (SP 20.13330.2011 “Loads and impacts”) formalize the inclusion of a special evaluation study of the wind conditions and aerodynamic property in the list of project documentation for the reliability and safety control of the high-rise building constructions. The identification of the wind conditions and aerodynamic property is available only in accordance with the theoretical and experimental analysis, of which a procedure is described in the present article.

A New Draft Code of Practice for Designing Subsoil and Footings of High-Rise Buildings

Some basic requirements on the scope of work for high-rise building footing design are presented in the draft Code of Practice (CP) ‘High-Rise Buildings and Complexes. Design rules.”