High-rise Building Structures Research Articles

New structural seismic protection for high-rise building structures

Presented Structural Seismic Isolation Method (SSIM) aims to provide high safety for Highly Reliable Structures (HRS) against strong earthquakes including near-fault and long-period ground motions. The examined structure is converted to Structural Seismic Isolation System (SSIS) by the SSIM method which exhibited inverse pendulum behaviour. For this purpose, structure foot base and foundation contact surfaces have been designed as any curved surfaces (spherical, elliptical, etc.) depending on the earthquake-soil-superstructure parameters and this contact surfaces have been separated by elastomeric (lead core rubber or laminated rubber bearings) seismic isolation devices. It would allow the structure foot base to turn around gyration centre through rubber bearing contact and maintains similar behaviour to the super-structure. SSIS system provides the possibility of keeping the natural-period of the structure in a larger interval, which is greater than the predominant-period of the majority of possible earthquakes (including near-fault pulse) using currently existing conventional elastomeric isolators with up to 4 second period. Thus, the structure can sustain its serviceability after strong and long-period earthquakes. In this study SSIS system’s performance is presented for high-rise building structures, for this aim, the finite element model of the building (Bg) structure with SSIS system (SSIS-Bg) has been prepared and the nonlinear dynamic analysis of the model has been conducted using strong and long-period ground motions. Results indicate that the base and top accelerations, base shear and base moment responses of the SSIS-Bg structure is 23.21 %, 75.47 % and 85.74 % in average lower than the Conventional Application Method of Seismic Base Isolation Devices for Building (CAMSBID-Bg) structures respectively and it is not prone to resonant vibrations under long-period earthquakes related with the excessive deformation in the isolation layers in case of using CAMSBID-Bg structures. It should be noted that in this study with the presented SSIM method and SSIS system, it is aimed to protect only the Highly Reliable Structures(HRS) from the effects of strong and long-period ground motions and these structures (HRS) are classified as follows: 1) Nuclear Containment Structures; 2) High-rise buildings that contain information, operating systems, sensitive instruments, communication systems, routing systems, bank operating systems, databases, management systems and other similar facilities that are linked to the security and economy of a country; 3) High-rise hospitals etc.

An adaptive augmented radial basis function–high-dimensional model representation method for structural engineering optimization

A new engineering optimization approach using an adaptive metamodeling method is developed and studied. The adaptive metamodels are based on a high-dimensional model representation framework, and the high-dimensional model representation component functions are created using radial basis functions or augmented radial basis functions. The proposed optimization approach starts with an explicit first-order augmented radial basis function–high-dimensional model representation metamodel, before a numerical optimization algorithm is applied. In each subsequent iteration, an additional sample point is found, and a high-order high-dimensional model representation component function is created and added to the first-order augmented radial basis function–high-dimensional model representation metamodel. The accuracy of the augmented radial basis function–high-dimensional model representation metamodel is improved in an adaptive manner, especially in the neighborhood of the optimal design point. Several numerical examples are solved to demonstrate the method, including a practical three-dimensional reinforced concrete high-rise building structure. The proposed approach works well, and the convergence of the optimal solutions for each of the examples is obtained within a few adaptive iterations.

Study on Damage Law of Multistory and High-rise Steel Frame Structures under Strong Earthquake

In order to study the seismic performance of steel frame structures of multistory and high-rise buildings under strong earthquake, six and nine story steel frame structure models are established. In this paper, based on the peak acceleration of frequent earthquakes with 8 degree (0.2g) seismic effect and the finite element calculation of artificial seismic wave, the damage law of multi-storey and high-rise steel frame structures is studied under strong earthquakes, such as Taiwan CHICHI earthquake and the MENDOCINO earthquake in the United States. The results suggest that: under the strong earthquake, the inter-storey drift angle is obviously concentrated when the cross-section size of column and beam changes, so that the rational control of the inter-storey drift angle is conducive to reducing the concentration of structural damage.

Wind Analysis of High-Rise Building Resting on Sloping (Hilly) Grounds of Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria

The importance of wind induced vibration is a key factor in the analysis, design and construction of high-rise building structures. Owing to scarce land resources, urbanization and ever-growing demand for accommodation is leading developers into sloping (hilly) grounds which in turn requires researches on the structural equilibrium of these structures. This study draws to mind the requirements of a fast-growing city of the Federal Capital Territory, FCT, Abuja considering her vast undulating planes and plateaus, high altitudes and windspeeds (50 m/s). Here therein, lies a comparative study of different types of building configurations and responses for sloping grounds using approaches form seismic analyses as a background to achieving set objectives. The study therefore, attempts the application of a commonly used method (Static Wind Analysis, SWA) for analysis of wind loads on structures and also understudying the outcomes of applying the same loads using dynamic method (Response Spectrum Analysis, RSA). STAAD Pro V8i software was used to synthesize both analyses using the ASCE 705 code (wind speed-up over Hills) on 40 models for each analysis method for a 3x5 planar building configurations (G+6, G+8, G+12 and G+18) on grounds (0°, 6°, 14°, 18°, and 27°). The findings confirmed the complexities of sloping ground buildings with a greater chance of vibration and sway for SWA than in RSA. It was concluded, that the Stepback-setback (STPB-SETB) frames were better configured to combat wind loads on sloping grounds for both analyses. Recommendations includes, prioritizing the construction industry, collaboration with international bodies on High-rise development, developing a data base and wind testing facilities.

ANALISIS DINAMIK RESPON STRUKTUR GEDUNG BERATURAN DAN KETIDAKBERATURAN HORIZONTAL

ABSTRACTIndonesia is a country with geographical location where 4 large tectonic plates meet. Therefore, if a collision or frictionhits the country, it is vulnerable to earthquakes. This condition makes the buildings more vulnerable to earthquakes. The effect of earthquake force and the performance of the resulting structure will be different if the same load is applied to a regular building and to an irregular building. The method to calculate the effect of the earthquake on the analysis of high-rise building structures in this study used dynamic analysis with spectrum response referred to SNI 03-1726-2012 and 2013 ETABS software program assistance (13.1.1 build 1035). This study aimed to compare the performance of the structure based on the deflection value and the story drift limits in regular and irregular buildings. In this study, the response of structural performance on three building models was calculated with variations in horizontal structure irregularity and then the results were compared. In this research, the biggest deflection was resulted on the re-entrant corner irregularity model C in the x-direction of 7,219 mm and the y-direction of 4,244 mm. Based on the deflection value in the x-direction and y-direction on all building models, the story drift due to the effect of the earthquake plan was less than

Effect of Fillet Radii on Moment Carrying Capacity of Sinusoidal Web Opening Castellated Steel Beams in Comparison with Hexagonal Web Openings

In recent times, the use of castellated beams with various web openings for structures like high-rise building and industrial structure has turned out to be extensive. It offers an increase in depth of section without any extra weight, high strength-to-weight ratio, lower maintenance and painting cost. The most important advantage of the castellated beam is its higher bending stiffness, simplicity of service facility and beautiful appearance. The aim of this research paper is to offer a new web opening shape as a sinusoidal opening to avoid failure of the castellated beam due to shear stress concentration at the corner of the opening and also to study the maximum moment carrying capacity and deflection of castellated beams. In this research, 15 beams were fabricated. Four models of castellated beams were considered for experimentation. This research is focussed on hexagonal and sinusoidal openings of a castellated beam subjected to flexural loading. The variables were considered are fillet radii for sinusoidal openings with one-fourth, one-sixth and one-eighth of hexagonal opening. All the beams were analysed by the finite element method using ANSYS software, and the results were compared with experimental outcomes. The experimental results for maximum moment carrying capacity and deflection show good agreement with the corresponding value observed in ANSYS software. The experimental results show that castellated beam with fillet radius one-fourth of opening has 20.78% more moment carrying capacity and 11.51% less deflection compared to hexagonal opening. The outcomes consider relevant for practical applications.

GLOBAL STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF HIGH-RISE HOSPITAL BUILDING USING EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN APPROACH

Building designed has 1 to 8 floors with the quality of concrete f'c of 33.2 MPa, steel quality (fy) 400 MPa, and shear stress of 240 MPa. The building is analyzed by 3D structure modeling through ETABS Version 9.7 program by following all the rules and regulations applicable in Indonesia, such as the guidance of building structure and non-building, SNI 1726: 2012. This building design system is a high-rise building structure planned with a portal frame system with beams and columns as the main elements of structures made of conventional concrete. The beam carries the load transversely of its length and transfers the load to the vertical columns that accumulate it. The column accepts the load axially by the beam and transfers the load to the foundation. This building structure uses a special moment frame structure system (SRPMK) structure, considering that the hospital building is safe against earthquakes and complains about the strong column weak beam concept.

Research on the influence of frame-core tube stiffness ratio on dynamic characteristics of Super high-rise buildings

The frame-core tube hybrid structure is an important high-rise building structure system which is widely used in the world at present. The stiffness ratio of frame to core tube affects the dynamic characteristics of the structure. In this paper, nine models of concrete-filled steel tubular frame-concrete core tube super high-rise hybrid structure with different stiffness ratios are analyzed by subspace iteration method, and the analysis of the acceleration and displacement response spectrum value of each vibration mode under frequent earthquakes are carried out. The results show that the stiffness ratio has different effects on different modes, the fundamental frequency, natural period, acceleration and displacement response of the structure of the first mode increase with the stiffness ratio increasing, and it is feasible and significant to interpret the seismic response of structures from studying the dynamic characteristics of seismic waves and structures.

Literature review of seismic performance of double-layer steel plate-concrete composite shear wall with stiffeners

Shear wall, as the main anti-sway component in high-rise buildings, plays an important role in resisting horizontal earthquakes. Shear wall has high ductility and high bearing capacity with the participation of steel plate, which can meet the requirements of high-rise building structures on structural members. Shear wall with steel plate is divided into two types according to the construction method, one is Shear wall with single steel plate, and the other is shear wall with two layers of steel plates. n recent years, double steel plate shear walls with stiffeners have attracted much attention due to their good ductility and ease of construction. By summarizing the current research situation of steel plate concrete shear walls, suggestions are made for future research.

Performance evaluation of outrigger location on the seismic load distribution of high-rise building structure

Various structural systems have been developed to be able to accept the lateral force of the earthquake with an optimum and economical. One of these structural systems is the outrigger system. Outrigger is one of the structural stiffening systems that can be used on building structures, especially in high-rise buildings. Structural systems such as outriggers are used for earthquake-resistant buildings, so the performance of building structures can be increased by producing minimum displacement. This research will design the building as high as 40 and 50 floors, with the calculation of earthquake based on Indonesia Earthquake Design Code SNI 1726-2012. This study will be compared the calculation of seismic loads in the building structure with and without using outrigger, so that it can be seen the difference in the seismic loads and the performance of the structure. From this research, it is found that the outrigger system can reduce the seismic loads in the structure, and also is able to reduce the lateral displacement of the structure. The inter-story lateral displacement of 50 storey and 40 storey structure can be reduce up to 2.06% and 7.84% with one outrigger and 3.76% and 12, 49% with two outrigger.

Formation of system approach using renewable natural resources in high-rise bio-climate building

The inclusion of alternative energy in the structure of high-rise bioclimatic buildings significantly improves their energy and environmental performance, which is consistent with the principles of bioclimatic buildings. The integration of alternative energy in high-rise bioclimatic architecture requires special approaches - the synthesis of architectural shaping, advanced scientific and technical means, natural resources.The article discusses the systematization of energy supply tasks for high-rise bioclimatic high-rise buildings when using natural renewable energy resources in them. The feasibility of using the latter requires a systematic analysis, given the significant number of internal and external influences, ensuring the requirements of technical and environmental safety, structural reliability and durability.The study presents the main components of the system model: the target subsystem for the consumption of renewable resources of a high-rise bioclimatic building and the providing subsystem that has several system levels that can be classified as macro, meso - and micro levels.The stages of system modeling are considered: 1) analysis of the source data; 2) selection of funds; 3) impact optimization. At the first stage of system modeling - sources of renewable energy are determined at the macro, meso and micro levels, taking into account the duration, frequency of renewable energy, its types and intensity. The second stage of system modeling - “choice of means” is associated with functional constructive modeling. At the third stage, to optimize the impacts, the level of environmental impact of the alternative energy systems of the high-rise bioclimatic building used is determined.

Scientific and technical support features of the high-rise buildings design

Article reflects the main aspects of the scientific and technical support of the design stage of high-rise buildings. As well as the peculiarities of creating design models for substantiating the mechanical safety of three-dimensional systems “foundation - high-rise building structures”.

Experimental and numerical study on shear resistant behavior of double-corrugated-plate shear walls

Abstract Double-corrugated-plate shear wall (DCPSW), which is composed of two identical corrugated plates and assembled by connecting bolts, is an innovative type of lateral force resistant device for high-rise building structures. In this paper, the shear resistant behavior of the DCPSW is investigated via tests and additional finite element (FE) parametric study. First, the test results of two DCPSW specimens subjected to monotonic in-plane shear loads are reported. Second, FE models are introduced to perform simulations on the shear resistant behavior of the test specimens; it is seen that the numerical results fit well with the test results, and hence the FE models for simulations of the DCPSWs are validated. Then, an additional parametric study is presented by changing the geometrical parameters including aspect ratio, bolt column number, corrugation amplitude and dimensions of boundary elements of the DCPSWs. As a result, the effects of these parameters on the shear resistant behavior of the DCPSWs are further revealed. It is shown that the ultimate shear resistance of the DCPSWs increases with the increase of aspect ratio, bolt column number and corrugation amplitude, yet the dimensions of the boundary elements have little effect on the shear resistance of the embedded corrugated plates. Finally, by analyzing the results of the parametric study, some design remarks are concluded to provide valuable references for the design of the DCPSWs in practice.

Spectral matching and propagation ground motion earthquake from bedrock to surface

Ground motion earthquake is the acceleration data of ground during the earthquake. The tool used to obtain this data is called the accelerogram. In Indonesia, this data is difficult to obtain due to the limitations of the tool. It needed to analyze high-rise building because analysis structure of high-rise building used the dynamic load from the earthquake. This data is important in analyzing earthquake-resistant buildings. Besides from the accelerograms tool, this data can be obtained through seismic hazard analysis process. This was obtained by taking ground motion from elsewhere and then uniforming the spectrum response results with the location being reviewed. Wave propagation from bedrock to the soil surface will see the amplification process so this needs to be reviewed as well. Based on seismic hazard analysis results obtained ground motion suitable for matching process is San Fernando 1971. Peak ground acceleration on bedrock obtained is about 0.2608 g. After wave propagation to the surface, the peak ground acceleration is about 0.3001 g. Based on that, Amplification factor earthquake waves is about 1.12.

The optimal damper placement configuration for three-dimensional RC building

During an earthquake, high-rise buildings attempt to dissipate energy by generating swaying motion, which causes inevitable building damage. The dampers or passive energy dissipation devices can significantly diminish the energy emitted by earthquakes and reduce building damage accordingly. Especially for high-rise building structures constructed in an earthquake-prone area, it is necessary to install a sufficient number of dampers to reduce the building response. The passive energy dissipation devices present such an optimal performance depends on their locations in the building structures. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to observe an optimal placement configuration of passive energy devices lest excessive installment of the devices. The proposed approach is performance-based optimizations, which seismic performance of buildings considered is story drift of the building. This study focuses on optimizing fluid viscous dampers (FVD) placement incorporated into three-dimensional (3D) regular RC building structure. The result shows that fluid viscous dampers (FVD) when incorporated into three-dimensional of regular RC building structures can modify the performance of the building to fulfill the code standard of allowable drift ratio. It will be then suggested to be prevention acts to improve the performance of high-rise buildings under earthquakes excitation. Hence, the protection of the occupants therein can be accomplished.

Performance of Outrigger System by Non-Linear Static Method

High rise building structures are highly affected by lateral loads and wind forces. To enhance lateral force outrigger systems are developed, which are one of the most popular and efficient, because they are easier to build and they provides good lateral stiffness. With the rise of building height, deep beam become concrete walls at least of one story height. Axial shortening effect between core and perimeter structure has to be considered.In the present work 20 story reinforced concrete structure has taken with outrigger walls attached from core to the outer perimeter column. By changing the different position of outrigger level are kept for analysis.The building without and with outrigger are compared with bareframe. These are different building models analysed (a) Bare frame of twenty story building (b) Bare frame with core shear wall building (c) Outrigger system at top of building (d) Outrigger system at top & 0.75 Height of building (e) Outrigger system at top & 0.50 Height of building (f) Outrigger system at top & 0.25 Height of building. Non-linear static analysis results were compared. The analytical methods used in the work are pushover method. In this work, various parameters like pushover curve, displacement vs base force, story displacement, hinges formation are obtained for all the models.Outrigger at optimum level at 0.5 Height gives better results in both displacements and base force. To sustain peak lateral loads these systems are provided half of the height. These study gives has inelastic behaviour of structure.

Behavior of eccentrically loaded double circular steel tubular short columns filled with concrete

Circular concrete-filled double steel tubular (CFDST) columns in high-rise building structures possess high ductility and strength performance owing to the concrete confinement exerted by the external and internal circular steel tubes. However, the behavior of circular CFDST short columns that are loaded eccentrically has not been investigated either experimentally or numerically. Particularly, numerical studies on the moment-curvature responses, strength envelopes, confinement effects and moment distributions in circular CFDST beam-columns have not been reported. In this paper, experimental and computational investigations into the structural responses of circular CFDST short columns loaded eccentrically are presented. Nineteen short circular CFDST columns with various parameters under axial and eccentric loads were tested to failure to measure their structural responses. Test results are presented and discussed. A mathematical simulation model underlying the method of fiber analysis is proposed that simulates the axial load-moment-curvature relationships as well as the strength interaction curves of CFDST beam-columns composed of circular sections. The mathematical modeling technique explicitly takes into account the confinement of concrete on the responses of CFDST columns. The computational procedure and solution method are given. The accuracy of the computer simulation model is evaluated by comparing computations against experimental data. The significance of material and geometric properties, concrete confinement and axial load ratio on the responses of moment-curvature and strength envelopes of CFDST columns and the moment distributions in concrete and steel components are investigated. The mathematical model proposed not only simulates well the experimentally observed responses of CFDST columns but also can monitor the moment distributions in the steel and concrete components of such composite columns.

Research on transfer floor technology in high-rise building construction

With the continuous improvement of the level of urbanization, people put forward higher requirements for the quality and safety of high-rise building projects. As an important part of high-rise building construction, the quality of transfer floor construction will directly affect the overall level of the construction industry. This paper mainly analyses and explores the general situation and technology application of the transfer floor of high-rise building structure. These applications improve the construction strength of concrete, steel bar and formwork; grasp the promotion of key links. Thus the overall construction reaches a higher standard, and the stability performance of high-rise buildings is improved.

Seismic performance evaluation of typical dampers designed by Chinese Code subjected to the main shock-aftershocks

A practical design method in the current Chinese code is introduced and used to design various dampers, which assumes that dampers provide building structures with the effective stiffness and effective damping ratio. Aftershocks followed by the main shock are likely to cause further structural damage. However, the influence of aftershocks is not considered in this design method. It is not clear for the seismic performance of code-designed dampers under the main shock-aftershock sequences. This paper concentrates on the seismic performance of dampers designed by the Chinese code by considering the effect of aftershocks. Five types of dampers, namely buckling-restrained braces (BRBs), viscoelastic(VE) dampers, viscous dampers(VDs), friction dampers(FDs), and self-centring(S–C) dampers that are installed on a high-rise building structure are designed by the Chinese code. Using the incremental dynamic analysis and fragility analysis, the seismic performance of five types of dampers under the main shock-aftershock sequences are compared from the respective of structural collapse, damage and the equipment's acceleration failure. The results show that the design method of dampers in the Chinese code are applicable even without considering the influence of aftershocks. The seismic responses of structure-damper systems are mainly caused by the main shock. Different dampers with different effective stiffness and effective damping ratio have their own distinctive advantages of enhancing the building structural safety. FDs and S–C dampers are superior to other dampers in controlling the structural collapse. VDs perform best in reducing the structural damage and equipment's acceleration failure probabilities.

Studies on damped hybrid outrigger systems of composite walls and steel bracings

Both experimental and numerical investigations were conducted on a new type of steel–concrete hybrid outrigger system developed for high-rise building structures. The steel bracing is embedded in the reinforced concrete outrigger wall, and the steel bracing and concrete outrigger wall work together to enhance the overall structural performance of tower structures under extreme loads. At the same time, metal dampers of a low-yield steel material are used as a ‘fuse’ device between the hybrid outrigger and the column. The damper is engineered to be ‘sacrificed’ and yield first in moderate to severe earthquakes to protect the structural integrity of important structural components of the hybrid outrigger system. Thus, brittle failures are unlikely to occur due to severe cracking in the concrete outrigger wall. A comprehensive experimental research programme was conducted to examine the structural performance of this new type of hybrid outrigger system. Finite-element models were also proposed and verified to be able to conservatively predict the structural performance of the hybrid outrigger system in both elastic and non-linear plastic stages. The key component and overall system tests were examined, which reveal the detailed structural response under various levels of static and cyclic loads.