High Right Ventricular End-diastolic Pressure Research Articles

Epicardial Adipose Tissue and Invasive Hemodynamics in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction

ObjectivesThis study examined associations between epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), invasive hemodynamics, and exercise capacity in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). BackgroundEAT is increased in patients with HFpEF and may play a role in the pathophysiology of this disorder. MethodsPatients with heart failure and a left ventricular ejection fraction >45% who underwent right and left heart catheterization with simultaneous echocardiography were included. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), right ventricular end-diastolic pressure (RVEDP), and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were invasively measured. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2. EAT thickness alongside the right ventricle was measured on echocardiographic long- and short-axis views. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed to obtain maximal oxygen uptake (VO2-max). ResultsThis study examined 75 patients, mean age 74 ± 9 years; 68% were women, mean BMI was 29 ± 6 kg/m2, and 36% were obese. Higher BMI was strongly associated with increased EAT (r = 0.74; p < 0.001). Increased EAT was associated with higher RVEDP, independent of PVR (odds ratio [OR]: 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02 to 1.34; p = 0.03), but not independent of obesity (p = 0.10). Increased EAT and higher RVEDP were both associated with lower VO2-max (r = −0.43; p < 0.001 and r = −0.43; p = 0.001, respectively). Increased EAT remained associated with lower VO2-max after adjustment for PVR (OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.49 to 0.84; p = 0.002) and obesity (OR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.53 to 0.92; p = 0.01). EAT thickness was not associated with left-sided filling pressures (i.e., PCWP and LVEDP). ConclusionsIn HFpEF, obesity and increased EAT were associated with higher right-sided filling pressures and with reduced exercise capacity.

Preliminary Experience Using Diastolic Right Ventricular Pressure Gradient Monitoring in Cardiac Surgery

Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in cardiac surgery is associated with increased mortality and morbidity and difficult separation from cardiopulmonary bypass (DSB). The primary objective of the present study was to describe the prevalence and characteristics of patients with abnormal RV diastolic pressure gradient (PG). The secondary objective was to explore the association among abnormal diastolic PG and DSB, postoperative complications, high central venous pressure (CVP), and high RV end-diastolic pressure (RVEDP). Retrospective and prospective validation study. Tertiary care cardiac institute. Cardiac surgical patients (n=374) from a retrospective analysis (n=259) and a prospective validation group (n=115). RV pressure waveforms were obtained using a pulmonary artery catheter with a pacing port opened at 19 cm distal to the tip of the catheter. Abnormal RV diastolic PG was defined as >4 mmHg. Both elevated RVEDP and high CVP were defined as >16 mmHg. From the retrospective and validation cohorts, 42.5% and 48% of the patients had abnormal RV diastolic PG before cardiac surgery, respectively. Abnormal RV diastolic PG before cardiac surgery was associated with higher EuroSCORE II (odds ratio 2.29 [1.10-4.80] v 1.62 [1.10-3.04]; p = 0.041), abnormal hepatic venous flow (45% v 29%; p = 0.038), higher body mass index (28.9 [25.5-32.5] v 27.0 [24.9-30.5]; p = 0.022), pulmonary hypertension (48% v 37%; p = 0.005), and more frequent DSB (32% v 19%; p = 0.023). However, RV diastolic PG was not an independent predictor of DSB, whereas RVEDP (odds ratio 1.67 [1.09-2.55]; p = 0.018) was independently associated with DSB. In addition, RV pressure monitoring indices were superior to CVP in predicting DSB. Abnormal RV diastolic PG is common before cardiac surgery and is associated with a higher proportion of known preoperative risk factors. However, an abnormal RV diastolic PG gradient is not an independent predictor of DSB in contrast to RVEDP.

Right Ventricular End-Diastolic Pressure Is a Key to the Changes in Cardiac Output During Adaptive Servo-Ventilation Support in Patients With Heart Failure.

Adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV) is a recently-developed non-invasive therapy that improves the clinical course of heart failure (HF) patients. However, the precise hemodynamic response and predictors of ASV therapy remain uncertain. Overall, 69 patients with New York Heart Association HF class II-IV underwent 10-minute ASV testing along with hemodynamic studies. Among them, 21 (30%) achieved an acute response, which was defined as an increase in the cardiac index (CI) during ASV. ΔLeft ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) did not correlate with ΔCI, whereas Δtransmural LVEDP, which was calculated by subtracting right ventricular end-diastolic pressure (RVEDP) from LVEDP, and ΔCI were positively correlated, similar to the ascending limb of Frank-Starling's law (P = 0.009, r = 0.311). Among baseline data, higher RVEDP and higher LVEDP were significant predictors of an acute response by logistic regression analyses (P < 0.05 for both). RVEDP had a significantly higher area under the curve than LVEDP in the receiver operating characteristic analyses (0.846 versus 0.673, P = 0.028). Higher baseline RVEDP was significantly associated with a greater decrease in RVEDP during ASV (P < 0.001, r = -0.604). In conclusion, in HF patients with elevated RVEDP, ASV increased cardiac output through a decrease in RVEDP and an increase in transmural LVEDP, according to the ascending limb of Frank-Starling's law.

Right ventricular filling detected by pulsed Doppler echocardiography during the convalescent stage of inferior wall acute myocardial infarction

To evaluate right ventricular (RV) diastolic function in patients with inferior wall acute myocardial infarction (AMI), flow velocity patterns of the RV inflow tract were studied in patients with anterior AMI (n = 32), inferior AMI (n = 32) and angina pectoris without left ventricular asynergy (n = 10) using pulsed Doppler echocardiography. Doppler examinations were performed at least 4 weeks after the attack. Twenty-seven healthy persons served as control subjects. Three Doppler variables were measured at the RV inflow tract: the ratio of the late diastolic peak flow velocity due to atrial contraction to the rapid filling peak flow velocity in early diastole ( sol A E ) and the acceleration time and deceleration time of the RV rapid filling wave. sol A E in patients with inferior AMI (1.01 ± 0.24, mean ± standard deviation) was significantly greater than in those with anterior AMI (0.80 ± 0.16, p < 0.001) and angina pectoris (0.79 ± 0.17, p < 0.01) and in normal subjects (0.70 ± 0.17, p < 0.001). sol A E in patients with inferior AMI correlated with the ratio of left ventricular to RV end-diastolic pressure (r = −0.60, p < 0.05). sol A E in inferior AMI with relatively high RV end-diastolic pressure (more than 8 mm Hg, n = 8) was significantly greater than that in those with normal pressure (8 mm Hg or less, n = 9). sol A E in patients with proximal right coronary artery occlusion was significantly greater than that in those with distal occlusion. Deceleration time/√RR in patients with inferior AMI (4.5 ± 1.1) was significantly longer than that in patients with anterior AMI (3.6 ± 1.1, p < 0.01), angina pectoris (3.7 ± 0.5, p < 0.01) and in control subjects (3.5 ± 0.5, p < 0.001). These data indicate that early to mid-RV diastolic filling is impaired in inferior AMI and that pulsed Doppler echocardiography is useful for detecting the RV hemodynamic abnormality of RV filling.

Surgery in severe rheumatic mitral valve disease--recognition of severity and risk factors.

The postoperative course of 294 patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease, who underwent mitral valve surgery during a period from July, 1978 to June, 1981, was studied by comparing the influences of the following clinical parameters: a low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), a high pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP), a high pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), tricuspid regurgitation (TR), a high right ventricular end-diastolic pressure (RVEDP) and a giant left atrium (GLA). The patients with a functional capacity of class III or IV according to the New York Heart Association were classified into 3 groups (improved, unimproved and died), and from this data we calculated the improvement ratio and the mortality rate. The improvement ratios were 73% in patients with a low LVEF, 70% with a high PASP, 78% with a high PVR, 66% with TR, 11% with a high RVEDP and 77% with a GLA; the mortality rates were 19, 14, 17, 24, 78 and 19%, respectively. As compared with the case of deteriorated left ventricular performance and pulmonary hypertension, deteriorated right ventricular performance, especially high RVEDP, was accompanied by a comparatively poorer surgical prognosis. It is concluded that mitral valve surgery should be performed during the period in which the right ventricular function is still preserved.