High-level Resource Research Articles

Mindfulness and Other Psycho-Social Resources Protective Against Mental Illness and Suicidality Among Gay Men.

Background: There is considerable evidence of health disparities among gay men characterized by higher levels of stress and distress. Psycho-social resources have been linked to numerous positive health outcomes and shown to act as buffers in the stress-distress pathway.Methods: With data from the 3rd Geneva Gay Men's Health Survey carried out in 2011 using time-space sampling (n = 428), a relatively elaborate profile of 14 psycho-social resources—including mindfulness—is presented. Using their original scores, latent class analysis created an index variable dividing the respondents into meaningful groups. Psycho-social resources—the index variable as well as each resource individually—were then compared to two recent outcomes—i.e., serious mental illness in the past 4 weeks and short-term disability in the past 2 weeks—using a series of logistic regression models, controlling for all other psycho-social resources and socio-demographic confounders. To assess their potential role as buffers, a similar series of logistic regression models were erected using victimization and three outcomes—i.e., major depression, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt—in the past 12 months.Results: According to the latent class analyses, (1) 5.1% of this sample had a low level of psycho-social resources (i.e., one standard deviation (SD) below the group means), (2) 25.2% a medium-low level, (3) 47.4% a medium level (i.e., at the group means), and (4) 22.2% a high level of psycho-social resources (i.e., one SD above the group means). Psycho-social resources appeared to strongly protect against recent mental morbidity and buffer against the impact of victimization on major depression and suicidality in the past 12 months, reducing the adjusted odds ratios below statistical significance. The explained variance and the individual psycho-social resources which remained independent in the models differed for each outcome.Conclusions: There may be disparities in several psycho-social resources among gay men, and as strong compensatory and protective factors, they may explain in part the well-established disparities in stress and distress in this population. While multiple psycho-social resources should be promoted in this population, gay men under 25 years should receive particular attention as all three disparities are most pronounced in this age group.

High resources and infectious disease facilitate invasion by a freshwater crustacean.

It is well-established that both resources and infectious disease can influence species invasions, but little is known regarding interactive effects of these two factors. We performed a series of experiments to understand how resources and parasites can jointly affect the ability of a freshwater invasive zooplankton to establish in a population of a native zooplankton. In a life history trial, we found that both species increased offspring production to the same degree as algal resources increased, suggesting that changes in resources would have similar effects on both species. In a microcosm experiment simulating an invasion, we found that the invasive species reached its highest densities when there was a combination of both high resources and the presence of a shared parasite, but not for each of these conditions alone (i.e., a significant resource x parasite interaction). This result can be explained by changes in native host population density; high resource levels initially led to an increase in the density of the native host, which caused larger epidemics when the parasite was present. This high infection prevalence caused a subsequent reduction in native host density, increasing available resources and allowing the invasive species to establish relatively dense populations. Thus, in this system, native communities with a combination of high resource levels and parasitism may be the most vulnerable to invasions. More generally, our results suggest that parasitism and resource availability can have interactive, non-additive effects on the outcome of invasions.

Genetic and environmental influences on the size-fecundity relationship in Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae): Impacts on population growth estimates?

Population growth models are integral to ecological studies by providing estimates of population performance across space and time. Several models have been developed that estimate population growth through correlates of demographic traits, as measuring each parameter of the model can be prohibitive in experimental studies. Since differences in female size can accurately reflect changes in fecundity for many taxa, Livdahl and Sugihara developed a population growth index that incorporates size-fecundity relationships as a proxy for fecundity. To investigate the extent to which this model is robust to variation of this proxy, we tested if genetic (source population), temperature and resource treatments affect the size-fecundity relationship in Aedes albopictus (Skuse), the Asian tiger mosquito. We then determined if variation in the size-fecundity relationship alters the population growth estimates, lambda (λ’), when applied to Livdahl and Sugihara’s model. We performed 2 laboratory experiments in which we reared cohorts of four different geographic populations of A. albopictus across 5 temperature treatments (18, 21, 25, 18, 31°C) and three resource treatments (low, medium, high larval resources). We determined if the slope of the size-fecundity relationship varied by source population, temperature, or resource; and if variation in this relationship affects lambda (λ’) estimates in a competition study between A. albopictus and Culex pipiens (Linnaeus), the northern house mosquito. Temperature treatments significantly affected the size-fecundity relationship, resource level marginally affected the relationship, while source population had no effect. We found positive relationships between size and fecundity when mosquito larvae were reared at high temperatures and low resource levels but the relationship disappeared when mosquitoes were reared at a low temperature or with high levels of resources. The variation in the size-fecundity relationship produced from different temperatures resulted in statistically different lambda (λ’) estimates. However, these changes in lambda (λ’) did not alter the trends in the population performance across treatments or conclusions of the competition study. This study provides evidence that the population growth model is sensitive to variation in size-fecundity relationships and we recommend biologists apply the most compatible size-fecundity relationship to the models to obtain the most accurate estimates of population performance.

Toward a Holistic and Dynamic Framework of Paradox Management:Product Innovation High-Tech Firms

Paradox management is critical to a firm’s competitiveness in product innovation, which is characterized by high-level complexity, dynamism, uncertainty, and resource scarcity. Despite a surge of r...

Resource limitation alters effects of phenological shifts on inter-specific competition.

Phenological shifts can alter the relative arrival time of competing species in natural communities, but predicting the consequences for species interactions and community dynamics is a major challenge. Here we show that differences in relative arrival time can lead to predictable priority effects that alter the outcome of competitive interactions. By experimentally manipulating the relative arrival time of two competing tadpole species across a resource gradient, we found that delaying relative arrival of a species reduced the interaction asymmetry between species and could even reverse competitive dominance. However, the strength of these priority effects was contingent on the abundance of the shared resource. Priority effects were generally weak when resources were limited, but increased at higher resource levels. Importantly, this context dependency could be explained by a shift in per capita interaction strength driven by a shift in relative body sizes of competitors. These results shed new light into the mechanisms that drive variation in priority effects and help predict consequences of phenological shifts across different environments.

Children being Reared by their Grandparents in Rural Appalachia: A Pilot Study of Relations Between Psychosocial Stress and Changes in Salivary Markers of Inflammation Over Time.

Grandparents in rural Appalachia with primary caregiving responsibilities for their grandchildren often struggle with high levels of stress, inadequate resources, and poor physical and mental health. However, implications for children of being raised by grandparents rarely have been examined, particularly in terms of stress biomarkers. The present study investigated salivary C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha in a small sample of children (N = 20) aged 5 to 18years being reared by grandparents in two rural counties in Kentucky, a region well known for its resource scarcity. Saliva samples were collected from children 30min after waking at two time points spaced one year apart. Grandparents and children completed a series of questionnaires via interview. Children's internalizing symptoms were related to greater markers of inflammation over time. Grandparent stress and poor mental health were also related to greater inflammation, while grandparent positive parenting and religiosity were associated with lower inflammation.

Outdoor air pollution and respiratory health: a bibliometric analysis of publications in peer-reviewed journals (1900 \u2013 2017)

BackgroundOutdoor air pollution is a major threat to global public health that needs responsible participation of researchers at all levels. Assessing research output is an important step in highlighting national and international contribution and collaboration in a certain field. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze globally-published literature in outdoor air pollution – related respiratory health.MethodOutdoor air pollution documents related to respiratory health were retrieved from Scopus database. The study period was up to 2017. Mapping of author keywords was carried out using VOSviewer 1.6.6.ResultsSearch query yielded 3635 documents with an h-index of 137. There was a dramatic increase in the number of publications in the last decade of the study period. The most frequently encountered author keywords were: air pollution (835 occurrences), asthma (502 occurrences), particulate matter (198 occurrences), and children (203 occurrences). The United States of America ranked first (1082; 29.8%) followed by the United Kingdom (279; 7.7%) and Italy (198; 5.4%). Annual research productivity stratified by income and population size indicated that China ranked first (22.2) followed by the USA (18.8). Analysis of regional distribution of publications indicated that the Mediterranean, African, and South-East Asia regions had the least contribution. Harvard University (92; 2.5%) was the most active institution/organization followed the US Environmental Protection Agency (89; 2.4%). International collaboration was restricted to three regions: Northern America, Europe, and Asia. The top ten preferred journals were in the field of environmental health and respiratory health. Environmental Health Perspective was the most preferred journal for publishing documents in outdoor pollution in relation to respiratory health.ConclusionResearch on the impact of outdoor air pollution on respiratory health had accelerated lately and is receiving a lot of interest. Global research networks that include countries with high level of pollution and limited resources are highly needed to create public opinion in favor of minimizing outdoor air pollution and investing in green technologies.

The Link between Socioeconomic Status and Career Adaptability among Korean Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Parental Career-Related Support

Parental career-related support plays a crucial role in facilitating adolescents' career development, yet relatively little is known about its mediating role in Korean adolescents' career development. Using a sample of 581 Korean high school students, this study examined the role of parental career-related support in the link between socioeconomic status (SES) and adolescents' career adaptability. Results indicated that adolescents with high SES were more likely to have a high level of parental career-related support and a high level of career adaptability resources, and parental career-related support was significantly associated with career adaptability resources. Although curiosity and confidence were only significantly related to SES, parental career-related support was more likely to affect concern than other resources of career adaptability. The mediation models also supported the claim that adolescents from high SES families are more likely to perceive a higher degree of parental career-related support and the more they perceive such supports, the greater the level of career adaptability. These results suggest the need for parents and schools to facilitate career-related support for adolescents.

Surface Acting and Job-Related Affective Wellbeing: Preventing Resource Loss Spiral and Resource Loss Cycle for Sustainable Workplaces

This study empirically examines the synergistic negative effect of two kinds of job demand on job-related affective wellbeing (JAW) and the accelerating effects of cynicism in the negative relationships between job demands and JAW using a sample of 299 employees in the Chinese banking industry. Job demands include quantitative role overload and surface acting to represent the quantitative and qualitative aspects of job demands. Cynicism is introduced as a state where one’s energy resource is lost. The results of this study show that surface acting has a negative relationship with JAW, but quantitative role overload has no relationship with JAW. High levels of quantitative role overload exacerbate the negative relationship between surface acting and JAW. Cynicism also exacerbates the negative relationship between surface acting and JAW but does not have any moderating effect in the relationship between quantitative role overload and JAW. These results are consistent with the relationships predicted by resource loss spiral and resource loss cycle. The resource loss spiral means that resource loss, caused by handling with a quantitative role overload, lessens the employee’s ability to cope with surface acting. The resource loss cycle represents a vicious circle that amplifies the resource loss caused by surface acting. Surface acting reduces the level of one’s resources. Furthermore, surface acting reduces JAW and resources more strongly when an individual has low levels of previous energy resources than it reduces JAW and resources when he or she has high levels of previous energy resources.

Evaluating the use of parental reports to estimate health care resource utilization in children with suspected genetic disorders.

A key step in evaluating the cost-effectiveness of diagnostic genome-wide sequencing (GWS) services is to measure the cost of prior and subsequent diagnosis-related health care resource utilization by patients. The majority of patients using diagnostic GWS services are children, and parental surveys are often used to complement utilization data abstracted from medical records. The objective of this study was to evaluate the validity of parental reports for children with very high levels of resource utilization. Primary caregivers of children enrolled in the CAUSES Research Clinic, a diagnostic GWS programme at B.C. Children's Hospital, completed an online survey. Parent-reported health care encounters for the 6-month period prior to survey completion were compared to utilization data abstracted from electronic medical records (EMR). The association between demographic characteristics and the probability of survey completion was tested using logistic regression. Agreement between parent-reported and EMR data was evaluated using Cohen's kappa, prevalence- and bias-adjusted kappa (PABAK), and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). There were no major differences in demographic characteristics or resource utilization levels between families that completed the survey and those who did not. Agreement between parental reports and EMR data was high for hospitalizations (κ=0.71; PABAK=0.89; ICC=0.77) but lower for outpatient physician visits (κ=0.21; PABAK=0.48; ICC=0.27). Parental surveys are a valuable tool for estimating health care resource utilization during a 6-month recall period for children with suspected genetic disorders but are best used to complement utilization data collected from other sources.

Gliding Motility and Expression of Motility-Related Genes in Spreading and Non-spreading Colonies of Flavobacterium columnare.

Gliding motility facilitates the movement of bacteria along surfaces in many Bacteroidetes species and results in spreading colonies. The adhesins required for the gliding are secreted through a gliding motility-associated protein secretion system, known as the type IX secretion system (T9SS). The fish pathogen Flavobacterium columnare produces spreading (rhizoid [Rz], soft [S]) and non-spreading (rough [R]) colony types, of which only the spreading Rz type is virulent. In this study, we explored the spreading behavior of these colony types by microscopic imaging and measured the expression of genes associated with gliding motility and T9SS (gldG, gldH, gldL, sprA, sprB, sprE, sprF, sprT, and porV) under high and low resource levels by using RT-qPCR (reverse transcription quantitative PCR). The spreading colony types responded to the low resource level with increased colony size. The non-spreading colony type, as well as the cells growing under high nutrient level expressed only moderate cell movements. Yet, a low nutrient level provoked more active gliding motility in individual cells and increased spreading by cooperative gliding. The gene expression survey demonstrated an increased expression level of sprA (a core component of T9SS) and sprF (needed for adhesin secretion) under low nutrient conditions. Surprisingly, the expression of gliding motility genes was not consistently associated with more active spreading behavior. Furthermore, no genetic differences were found between spreading and non-spreading colony types in the studied genes associated with gliding motility. Our study demonstrates that environmental nutrient level is an important regulator of both gliding motility and the expression of some of the associated genes. These results may help to understand the connections between nutrient concentration, gliding motility, and virulence of F. columnare.

The knowledge of entry mode decision for small and medium enterprises

A suitable organizational structure is necessary for companies to effectively manage foreign activities. Firms can choose from among several modes of foreign market entry, including exporting, contractual agreements, joint venturing, acquiring an existing company, and establishing a wholly owned greenfield investment from scratch. However, the majority of literature on foreign market entry mode choices has focused on large multinational enterprises. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) with limited financial and personnel resources are likely to base their foreign market entry mode choice on the resources available. Building on a literature review, this study analyzes the determinants of SMEs’ foreign market entry mode. The findings suggest that innovation, product characteristics, advertising intensity, export intensity, and industry have positive effects on the high-level resource commitment choice in foreign markets.

Navigating the healthcare neighbourhood: Re-framing care around the patient and their primary care ‘home’

Introduction : Primary health is the cornerstone of a strong and efficient health system. High performing primary care that is accessible, comprehensive, co-ordinated and continuous, and achieved through contemporary models of care offers the potential to enhance integration, improve patient outcomes and experience, and sustainability. Primary Health Networks are building capacity and capability for general practice to achieve this based on a model known as Patient Centred Medical Home (PCMH). The Australian Government is commencing the roll out of ‘Health Care Homes’ using elements of PCMH and alternative payment structures. To optimise the impact of these primary care reforms requires a supportive and collaborative approach from the broader health system. Practice Change : The NSW Agency for Clinical Innovation (ACI) is supporting services to develop localised integration networks – “Healthcare Neighbourhoods”. Neighbourhoods will operate with the general practice or Aboriginal medical service as the hub and include health and social care services. Neighbourhoods support the practice through engagement with care coordination, shared care planning, effective communication, data sharing, and a team-based approach to care. Aim and Theory of Change : The Healthcare Neighbourhood aims to build a shared purpose for integration and care outcomes, clarify roles and responsibilities, and support collaboration with general practice. It refocusses the health system from operating in silos to integrated implementation with primary care as the hub. ACI will deliver a capability program that builds awareness and knowledge, encourages connections and information sharing, provides tools and resources, and supports implementation of healthcare neighbourhoods. It constitutes a significant component of a change and adoption strategy for a more integrated health economy. Targeted Population : Key beneficiaries are people with chronic and/or complex conditions. The intervention will take place at the meso and micro system. Timeline : Trial sites will commence in October 2017 across three Local Health Districts and Primary Health Networks and will run until June 2018. Highlights : A ‘Navigating the Healthcare Neighbourhood’ website has been launched, bringing together information about PCMH including; definitions, animations and videos, articles, case studies, patient stories, and other resources. Five local events with international experts in PCMH and integrated care have been held. These have been attended by over 200 health professionals from across NSW. Forthcoming : Podcasts with international patient-centred medical home experts Dr Kirsten Meisinger and Dr Nwando Olayiwola will be released shortly. Sustainability : This work is aligned with macro level policy change at Federal and State Government level. The project seeks to establish shared vision and understanding across the health system and explore local opportunities for change and collaboration. Transferability : Our work provides a high-level structure, resources and tools to build healthcare neighbourhoods, which can be tailored to meet local needs and resources.

Robust sensor fault detection and isolation scheme for interconnected smart power systems in presence of RER and EVs using unknown input observer

Correct measurement of variables used in frequency control of power system is crucial for power system operation, stability, and security. Once sensor fault is occurred in power system, the faulty sensor should be instantly isolated. To this end, a model-based fault detection and isolation (FDI) technique is adopted in this paper. The proposed sensor FDI scheme for complex power systems is built based on unknown input observer (UIO) which is robust for systems with unknown inputs. The load fluctuation and output power variation of renewable energy resources are modeled as unknown inputs of power systems. To show the effectiveness of the proposed schemes in case of future smart grids, the studied power system is developed to combine both electric vehicles (EVs) and high penetration level of renewable energy resources. The simulation scenarios are carried out for an eleven-order dynamical multi-area smart power system. The robustness of using UIO to detect and isolate sensor faults in power system is proved by several simulation scenarios. Likewise, the simulation results show that isolation of faulty sensors can be guaranteed by proper selection of the measured variables in the state space model of the studied system.

Larval superiority of Culex pipiens to Aedes albopictus in a replacement series experiment: prospects for coexistence in Germany

BackgroundThe Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus is an extremely invasive, globally distributed and medically important vector of various human and veterinary pathogens. In Germany, where this species was recently introduced, its establishment may become modulated by interspecific competition from autochthonous mosquito species, especially Culex pipiens (s.l.). While competitive superiority of Ae. albopictus to Cx. pipiens (s.l.) has been described elsewhere, it has not been assessed in the epidemiological conditions of Germany. The present study aimed to determine if such superiority exists under the physicochemical and microclimatic conditions typical for container habitats in Germany.MethodsIn a replacement series experiment, the larval and pupal responses of Ae. albopictus and Cx. pipiens (s.l.) (mortality, development time, growth) to interspecific interaction (five larval ratios) at (sub-)optimal temperatures (15, 20 and 25 °C) and differing food supply (3 and 6 mg animal-based food larva-1) were investigated using a randomized split-plot design. In addition to physicochemical measurements of the test media, natural physicochemical conditions were determined for comparative analyses in mosquito breeding sites across the Rhine-Main metropolitan region of Germany.ResultsUnder the physicochemical and microclimatic conditions similar to the breeding sites of the Rhine-Main region, competitive superiority of Cx. pipiens (s.l.) to Ae. albopictus in terms of larval survival was more frequently observed than balanced coexistence. Food regime and multifactorial interactions, but not temperature alone, were controlling factors for interspecific competition. Larval food regime and the larval ratio of Ae. albopictus influenced the physicochemistry and algal growth at 15 °C, with increased Ae. albopictus mortality linked to a decreasing number of Scenedesmus, Oocystis and Anabaena algae.ConclusionsUnder the present environmental conditions, the spread of Ae. albopictus from isolated foci in Germany may generally be slowed by biotic interactions with the ubiquitous Cx. pipiens (s.l.) (and potentially other container-breeding mosquito species) and by limnic microalgae in microhabitats with high resource levels. Detailed knowledge of the context dependency in temperate mosquito ecology, and interrelations of physicochemistry and phycology may help to achieve a better understanding of the upcoming Ae. albopictus colonization processes in central and northern Europe.

Alien honeybees increase pollination risks for range‐restricted plants

AbstractAimRange‐restricted species are of high conservation concern, and the way in which they interact with more widespread species has implications for their persistence. Here, we determine how the specialization of mutualistic interactions varies with respect to the geographic range size of plants and pollinators and assess how they respond to the introduction of the alien honeybee. We also compare network characteristics (connectance, specialization and nestedness) between an invaded low mountain and non‐invaded high mountain network.LocationSt Katherine Protectorate, South Sinai, Egypt.MethodsWe quantified bee–plant interactions in 42 plots between April and July 2013 and created visitation networks for the low mountains (beehives present) and the high mountains (beehives absent). We then compared visitation network metrics between range‐restricted, regionally distributed and widespread plants and pollinators and assessed topological differences between the low and high mountain networks.ResultsRange‐restricted bees were involved in a significantly higher number of total interactions than regional and widespread native bees, but showed no evidence of increased generalization. In contrast, range‐restricted plants were involved in fewer interactions and exhibited significantly higher specialization and a high dependency on range‐restricted pollinators. The introduced honeybee acted as a super‐generalist and was associated with an increase in network‐level generalization and nestedness. Honeybees exhibited high levels of resource overlap with range‐restricted bees and made few visits to range‐restricted plant species.Main conclusionsRange‐restricted plants are more specialized in their interactions than range‐restricted pollinators, suggesting that the forces shaping the structure of interaction network can vary between partners. Alien honeybees made few visits to range‐restricted plants, but exhibited disproportionately high levels of floral competition with range‐restricted bees. If high levels of competition lead to population declines then specialized range‐restricted plants will be at higher risk of pollen deficits than more widespread species.

Optimal Scheduling of an Regional Integrated Energy System with Energy Storage Systems for Service Regulation

Ancillary services are critical to maintaining the safe and stable operation of power systems that contain a high penetration level of renewable energy resources. As a high-quality regulation resource, the regional integrated energy system (RIES) with energy storage system (ESS) can effectively adjust the non-negligible frequency offset caused by the renewable energy integration into the power system, and help solve the problem of power system frequency stability. In this paper, the optimization model aiming at regional integrated energy system as a participant in the regulation market based on pay-for-performance is established. Meanwhile YALMIP + CPLEX is used to simulate and analyze the total operating cost under different dispatch modes. This paper uses the actual operation model of the PJM regulation market to guide the optimal allocation of regulation resource in the regional integrated energy system, and provides a balance between the power trading revenue and regulation market revenue in order to achieve the maximum profit.

Do Firms’ Slack Resources Influence the Relationship Between Focused Environmental Innovations and Financial Performance? More is Not Always Better

Environmental research has usually highlighted that the existence of slack resources in an organization helps allocate investment to innovative initiatives. However, the existing literature has paid very limited attention to how slack resources can influence the effects of focused and diversified innovations in different ways. Agency theory scholars claim that a manager’s first preference when confronted with discretionary resources will not generate positive investments for the firm, but their own opportunistic preferences. The differences between focused and diversified environmental innovations allow us to gain a better understanding of the financial impact of being focused and how slack resources matter in this context. We analyze a longitudinal sample of 5845 environmental patents from the 75 largest companies in the electrical components and equipment industry worldwide. Our results show that high levels of slack resources reduce the existing positive relationship between focused environmental innovations and a firm’s financial performance. These results contribute to delineating the theoretical and empirical implications of focused versus diversified environmental innovations and extend the literature on ethical dilemmas concerning managers’ use of slack resources in the firm.

Whoever said corporations do not care? Evidence of CSR from India

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) entails a high level of commitment and resources, especially in emerging markets, since in most of these developing countries corporate social responsibility is still an emerging concept. In India, however, this concept has been prevalent for decades. This paper examines the role of CSR activities adopted by modern Indian firms through the lens of the ancient Indian concept of 'giving'. In doing so, this study argues that Indian firms deploy corporate social responsibility to not only comply with good governance, business ethics, human rights, or the environment, but also to focus on the overall nation building. In the wake of increasing internationalisation of Indian firms, it provides a descriptive exposition based on select cases of Indian firms, how the ancient Indian practice of 'giving' is still relevant in the modern management context.

Statement and Self-Management Analysis in Mountain Minorities Southeast Chinese Elderly with Chronic Pain

Chronic pain (CP) is a very common problem in elders, due to bodily degenerations, worldwide. Studies carried out in various countries have shown that CP is associated with the elders’ quality of life, significantly limiting their activities and hampering them to maintain an independence lifestyle. What’s worse, elderly suffering from CP mostly also experience mental problems. Yet, there have been only a few such research done and reported on this topic, concerning the elderly ethnic montagnards in the rural southwest Guangxi of China. This study aimed to explore the statement and self-management of rural dwelling elders with CP. First, cross-sectional surveys were conducted and then interviews were carried out. 150 elder people experiencing CP -- pain suffered at least 4 to 5 days a week during the past 3 months, according to the criteria of the international Association for the study of Pain (IASP) -- were enrolled in this study by convenience sampling. They were asked to fill in 3 questionnaires; the first related to participants’ mental status, the second related to participants’ perception of pain intensity, and the third related to pain’s impact on participants’ daily life. Following the completion of questionnaires, individual interviews were conducted, with the help of some students who are fluent in local native languages as well as in Chinese. The results show that CP significantly affected participants’ quality of life. The prevalence of suffering from multifocal CP was 90%. In the management of CP, 64% people mainly relied on paregoric means; a wide range self-management techniques were mentioned such as hot compress application for which some plant material was used, collected from the surrounding environment; only a few people went to seek professional treatment. Moreover, most of them said that they had reconciled to the pain or consider it as part of their fate. Encourage older people to seek different ways to manage their pain, not just traditional but complementary and professional approaches. In such severely lacking professional high-level medical resource environment, the elder people should change their cognition of CP and choose pertinence approaches and instruments based on their own condition.