High-resolution Output Research Articles

P‐118: The Scanning Electron‐beam Devices based on Electron‐beam‐pumped Semiconductor Lasers for Projection Display Systems

AbstractExperience in developments of the laser scanning devices on basis of laser cathode‐ray tubes (CRT) — quantoscopes is summarized. The study results concerning high spatial resolution and high light output of laser CRT projection system are included; the spatial resolution is nearly 3000 TV lines and more, the light output is 10000–15000 Lm. Such high performance attributes of laser CRT projection systems will allow solving the problem of silver‐free information carriers with the image quality comparable with that attained on a 70‐mm cinema film. Improving the quantoscope light divergence by modifying the electron beam profile is considered also. It will allow creating the super‐high resolution laser projection displays and the laser scanning microscopes. Design approach of the main technical questions such as effective cooling system and dry high voltage power supply are presented. The prospects of using the epitaxy technology in the laser CRT target production are discussed.

多眼ランダムアクセスカメラを用いた広域視と詳細視を同時に実現する監視システムの提案

We propose a surveillance system that is capable of obtaining a wide-angle view as well as detailed views of multiple regions of interest simultaneously. Based on a CMOS imaging technology, a solid-state multicamera-array whose pixels can be read out at random is used. The camera array does not have any mechanicalmotion elements and quickly switches between a low-resolution output for wide-area-monitoring and high-resolution output for detailed-views of multiple moving objects. Thus, the size of the total transmission data from the cameraarray to the monitoring-site can be kept relatively small. The system continuously outputs a hardware-subsampled wide-angle view. If moving objects enter the field of vision, the system automatically tracks them and outputs detailed views of all objects in addition to the wide-angle view. We have developed an experimental sized surveillance system with 16 CMOS random access image sensors.

GIS-aided prediction for sea-ice distribution

A method of applying the geographic information system (GIS) to predict sea-ice distribution is proposed. The prediction computations are performed using the distributed mass/discrete floe (DMDF) model. The GIS is used to prepare the initial data for the DMDF model, and to display the simulation results together with a digital map and observational data for evaluation and further use. Two areas in the Arctic Ocean were selected to test the computations in this study. The results of the case studies show that this method can help with (1) free-area and free-scale prediction fitting for various purposes, (2) a high-resolution output to provide more detailed data, and (3) a reasonable combination of different data sets to make the best use of the information obtained. The results also suggest that the DMDF model is a good simulation of the ice motion not only for large-scale but also for local-scale predictions.

Simultaneous interrogation of interferometric and Bragg grating sensors

We propose a new method for the simultaneous interrogation of conventional two-beam interferometers and Bragg grating sensors. The technique employs an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer illuminated by a single low-coherence source, which acts as a wavelength-tunable source for the grating and as a path-matched f ilter for the Fizeau interferometer, thus providing a high phase resolution output for each sensor. The grating sensor demonstrates a dynamic strain resolution of ~0.05 microepsilon/ radicalHz at 20 Hz, while the interferometric phase resolution is better than 1 mrad/ radicalHz at 20 Hz, corresponding to an rms mirror displacement of 0.08 nm.

Influence of wind speed on rainsplash erosion

Measurement of soil splash erosion on an event-based scale under natural rainfall was carried out on a field plot. Kinetic energy of precipitation was calculated according to a model that incorporates horizontal terminal velocities of raindrops induced by wind speed. A digital raingauge with a high output resolution was used to measure precipitation. Erosivity indexes were worked out based on the assumption that those minutes with the highest energy input in an event are decisive for soil detachment.

Resolution of a target-tracking optical novelty filter

The resolution of a target-tracking optical novelty filter is discussed in terms of the response time of the nonlinear medium, the speed of the target, and the resolution of the input device. Optical novelty filters using a faster nonlinear medium may have a higher output resolution. This is particularly true in the case of tracking high-speed targets. The potential of implementing high-resolution optical novelty filters using photorefractive GaAs is investigated experimentally.

Text, Images and Graphics Management System for Editorial Environment*

AbstractThis paper describes the architecture of a system, a prototype of which is being developed by the authors at IBM Rome Scientific Centre, providing an interactive approach to the printing process, starting from the input of the basic components (images, texts and graphics) up to the definition and modification of page layout and finally to driving high resolution output devices. The system manages collections of pages, called “documents”; in turn each page is defined as a spatial composition of elementary boxes distributed on different levels. The main characteristics of the system architecture are interactivity, modularity and non‐procedurality (the user has only to describe “what” has to be done, rather “how” to do it).

Beam tracing polygonal objects

Ray tracing has produced some of the most realistic computer generated pictures to date. They contain surface texturing, local shading, shadows, reflections and refractions. The major disadvantage of ray tracing results from its point-sampling approach. Because calculation proceeds ab initio at each pixel it is very CPU intensive and may contain noticeable aliasing artifacts. It is difficult to take advantage of spatial coherence because the shapes of reflections and refractions from curved surfaces are so complex. In this paper we describe an algorithm that utilizes the spatial coherence of polygonal environments by combining features of both image and object space hidden surface algorithms. Instead of tracing infinitesimally thin rays of light, we sweep areas through a scene to form “beams.” This technique works particularly well for polygonal models since for this case the reflections are linear transformations, and refractions are often approximately so. The recursive beam tracer begins by sweeping the projection plane through the scene. Beam-surface intersections are computed using two-dimensional polygonal set operations and an occlusion algorithm similar to the Weiler-Atherton hidden surface algorithm. For each beam-polygon intersection the beam is fragmented and new beams created for the reflected and transmitted swaths of light. These sub-beams are redirected with a 4×4 matrix transformation and recursively traced. This beam tree is an object space representation of the entire picture. Since the priority of polygons is pre-determined, the final picture with reflections, refractions, shadows, and hidden surface removal is easily drawn. The coherence information enables very fast scan conversion and high resolution output. Image space edge and texture antialiasing methods can be applied.