High Recurrence Research Articles

Follow Up Care After Penile Sparing Surgery for Penile Cancer: Current Perspectives.

Penile cancer (PeCa) is a rare urologic tumor worldwide. In 2024, 2100 new cases and 500 deaths are estimated in the United States. Radical surgery via total penectomy has historically been the cornerstone of treatment, since it provides excellent long-term oncological control. The rationale of surgery for penile cancer was to achieve a 2 cm macroscopic surgical margin that is historically advocated to reduce recurrences. Over time, numerous studies have demonstrated that resection margin status does not affect patients' survival. Different penile-sparing techniques are currently recommended in the European Association of Urology-American Society of Clinical Oncology (EAU-ASCO) guidelines for the treatment of localized primary PeCa. Centralization of care could yield multiple benefits, including improved disease awareness, higher rates of penile-sparing surgery, enhanced detection rates, increased utilization of less invasive lymph node staging techniques, enhanced quality of specialized histopathological examinations, and the establishment of specialized multidisciplinary teams. Compared to more aggressive treatments, the higher recurrence rates after penile-sparing surgery do not hamper neither the metastasis-free survival nor the overall survival. Repeated penile-sparing surgery could be considered for selected cases. The psychological impact of penile cancer is not negligible since the perceived loss of masculinity might adversely affect mental health and overall well-being. Quality of life may be compromised by sexual and urinary dysfunction which may be the result either of the loss of penile tissue or the psychological status of the patient. It is of utmost importance to offer rehabilitative treatment as sexual therapy, physical therapy, occupational therapy, family and peer counseling.

Clinical characteristics, treatment and efficacy of calcaneal osteomyelitis: A systematic review with synthesis analysis 1118 reported cases.

Calcaneal osteomyelitis (CO) still poses great challenges to orthopaedic surgeons due to unique anatomic and functional features of the calcaneus. This study summarized the current data regarding clinical characteristics, treatment and efficacy of CO, based on an analysis of literature-reported cases. We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases to find English and Chinese studies reporting on CO patients between 2000 and 2021, with available data for synthesis analysis. The quality of the included studies was evaluated by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) assessment scale. Effective data were extracted and pooled for analysis. Altogether 198 studies involving 1118 patients were included, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.3 (724 males and 310 females). The median age at CO diagnosis was 46 years, with a median symptom duration of 3 months. Injury-related infections (524 cases) and diabetic foot infections (336 cases) were the two most common causes, with ulcer (468 cases) and wound sinus or exudation (209 cases) being the predominant symptoms. The overall positive culture rate was 80.2%, with polymicrobial infections accounting for 18.1%. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently detected pathogen (42.7%), with fungal-related infections isolated in 17 cases. Although most patients received surgical interventions (96.9%), the recurrence rate was 20.1%. The incidence of infection relapse following partial calcanectomy, total calcanectomy, debridement with implantation of local antibiotics, and debridement with or without flap or skin coverage were 31.7%, 45.0%, 16.8%, and 15.1%, respectively. The overall incidence of limb amputation was 12.4%, with all-cause and CO-related mortalities of 2.8% and 0.2%, separately. CO shared similar characteristics with extremity chronic osteomyelitis, primarily affecting young males, with trauma and diabetic foot as the leading causes and Staphylococcus aureus as the most frequently detected pathogen. Despite surgery being the primary treatment modality, clinical outcomes remained unsatisfactory, marked by high rates of infection recurrence and limb amputation.

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Patient Presentation and Treatments in Head and Neck Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans

AbstractHead and neck dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (HNDFSP) is a rare neoplasm with a high rate of local infiltration and local recurrence but a low rate of distant metastasis. Given the limited literature on HNDFSP and existing studies pointing to possible racial and ethnic differences, further research is needed to understand important clinical correlates that may impact treatment and prognosis. The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was queried for all cases of HNDFSP diagnosed from 2004 to 2016. Demographic characteristics of the included patients were compared using chi-squared and t-tests. Kaplan-Meier and Cox multivariable regression analyses were performed to assess survival differences. Of the 778 included patients, 526 (67.6%) patients were white, 113 (14.5%) were black, 33 (4.2%) were Asian, 87 (11.2%) were Hispanic, and 19 (2.4%) were classified as Other. White patients presented at a significantly older age (43.8 years) than did black (38.9 years) and Hispanic patients (37.9 years) (p = 0.02). White patients with HNDFSP had significantly higher income status (p = 0.0001), were more likely to be insured (p = 0.0001), and were more likely to have a high school diploma (p = 0.0001). There were no significant racial differences in 5-year (96.1%) or 10-year (92.0%) overall survival. None of the variables yielded a statistically significant value in Cox analysis. Differences exist in HNDFSP presentation between racial groups. Specifically, differences in income, insurance status, education level, and age of presentation exist between these groups. Future studies focused on morbidity are needed to better understand the consequences of these difference on HNDFSP patients.

Establishment and evaluation of rat models of parastomal hernia.

Parastomal hernia poses a challenging problem in the field of hernia surgery. The high incidence and recurrence rates of parastomal hernia necessitate surgeons to enhance surgical techniques and repair materials. This study aimed to develop a rat model of parastomal hernia by inducing various types of defects on the abdominal wall with colostomy. This established method has potential for future studies on parastomal hernia. In this study, 32 male rats were included and randomly divided into four groups: the oblique abdominis excision (OE), oblique abdominis dissection (OD), rectus abdominis excision (RE), and rectus abdominis dissection (RD) groups. In each group, colostomy was performed and an abdominal wall defect was induced. The rats were observed for 28days following surgery. The survival rate, body weight, parastomal hernia model scores, abdominal wall adhesion and inflammation, and collagen level in the hernial sac were compared. No significant differences in survival rate and weight were observed among the four groups. The parastomal hernia model scores in the RE and RD groups were significantly higher than those in the OE and OD groups. The ratio of collagen I/III in the RE and RD groups was significantly lower than that in the OE and OD groups. Adhesion and inflammation levels were lower in the RE group than in the RD group. Based on a comprehensive comparison of the findings, RE with colostomy emerged as the optimal approach for establishing parastomal hernia models in rats.

A negative relationship between first-pass pulmonary vein isolation and body mass index in ablation index–guided pulmonary vein isolation

BackgroundWe previously reported the relationship between first-pass pulmonary vein isolation (FPI) and pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) durability in ablation index–guided atrial fibrillation ablation. Obesity is a worsening factor for atrial tachyarrhythmia (AT) recurrence. However, the impact of obesity on FPI has been scarcely reported. General anesthesia (GA) facilitates completing PVI by preventing airway obstruction caused by sedative drug use. However, the impact of GA on the relationship also has not been elucidated. ObjectiveThe study sought to evaluate the impact of obesity and its relationship with GA on FPI. MethodsWe retrospectively studied 2187 consecutive patients undergoing ablation index–guided first atrial fibrillation ablation (conscious sedation in 1969 and GA in 218). We divided them into 4 groups according to body mass index (BMI): underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) (n = 80), normal (18.5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m2) (n = 1,160), overweight (25 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2) (n = 763), and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) (n = 184). ResultsFPI rate decreased as BMI increased in both conscious sedation (68.1% in underweight, 61.5% in normal, 48.7% in overweight, and 39.0% in obesity; P < .001) and GA (87.5%, 67.1%, 61.3%, and 44.7%, respectively; P = .01). Multivariate analysis revealed overweight (odds ratio 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.53–0.79, P < .001, vs normal) and obesity (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.31–0.62 P < .001, vs normal) as independent predictors for FPI and obesity as an AT recurrence predictor (hazard ratio 1.35, 95% CI 1.01–1.81, P = .04). ConclusionBMI increase was negatively related to the FPI rate. Notably, the FPI rate in obese patients, even under GA, was low, which might be related to their high AT recurrence.

A rare well-differentiated renal retroperitoneal liposarcoma: a case report

Introduction and importance: Retroperitoneal liposarcomas (RPLPSs) are rare tumors that arise from mesenchymal cells in the peritoneum cavity. The sites of PRLPSs vary a lot, but renal PRLPSs are extremely rare (there are only 45 cases of Renal retroperitoneal liposarcomas on PubMed). In this case, the authors present a rare renal retroperitoneal liposarcoma case, describe the major concepts, and raise awareness about this rare tumor. Case presentation: A 44-year-old woman presented to the clinic with hirsutism and irregular menstruation; upon physical examination, a large abdominal mass was accidentally identified; the patient had Doppler ultrasound (Doppler US) and MRI, which both showed a mass arising from the right upper pole of the kidney, fine needle aspiration (FNA) confirmed the diagnosis of retroperitoneal liposarcoma, patient underwent surgical removal and her symptoms disappeared. Clinical discussion: The retroperitoneum is a cavity behind the abdominal wall containing organs like the pancreas and kidneys. Retroperitoneal tumors (RPTs) are rare neoplasms, primarily of mesenchymal origin. Retroperitoneal liposarcomas (RPLPS) are the most common RPT, often asymptomatic until large, and rarely metastasize but frequently recur. Liposarcomas are classified into five subtypes, with well-differentiated liposarcoma being the most common and characterized by high local recurrence. The presence of specific oncologic mutations affects the prognosis and the response to treatment. Conclusion: In rare cases, retroperitoneal liposarcomas can arise from sites near the kidney and compress the adjoining adrenal gland.

Sequential living donor liver transplantation after liver resection optimizes outcomes for patients with high-risk hepatocellular carcinoma

BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. While liver transplantation (LT) provides the best long-term survival, it is constrained by organ scarcity and strict criteria. Liver resection (LR) is often the initial treatment for patients with solitary tumors and preserved liver function. The high recurrence rates associated with LR has prompted the exploration of sequential living donor liver transplantation (seqLDLT) after LR as a strategy for HCC patients with high-risk of recurrence. MethodsWe analyzed data from 27 adult patients who underwent seqLDLT after LR for HCC at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (KCGMH) between June 1994 and December 2023. Patients were selected based on high-risk histopathological features post-LR or as part of downstaging strategy. Outcomes measured included overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). ResultsAmong 765 HCC patients who underwent LDLT, 204 received LR before LDLT, and 27 underwent seqLDLT. Five patients (19%) underwent LDLT following LR as a downstaging strategy while the rest received seqLDLT as a preemptive strategy. The median age was 53.5 years with 85% males. Chronic hepatitis B was the predominant underlying disease (74%). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS and DFS rates were 100%, 96.0%, 96.0% and 100%, 96.2%, 96.2%, respectively, with two patients experiencing HCC recurrence. One patient died from HCC recurrence. High-risk histopathological features included microvascular invasion (52%), satellite nodules (15%), multiple tumors (26%), tumors > 5 cm (19%), and a total tumor diameter > 10 cm (7%). ConclusionsSeqLDLT offers a promising, tailored approach for managing HCC with adverse histopathologic features. Combining seqLDLT, downstaging strategies, and multidisciplinary treatments can achieve satisfactory OS and DFS in carefully selected patients, highlighting the need for refined criteria to identify the best candidates.

Odontogenic myxoma: A clinicopathological study over 15 years and immunohistochemical analysis

Objectiveand rationale: Odontogenic myxoma is an uncommon odontogenic tumor with locally aggressive behavior. The clinicopathological studies of odontogenic myxoma in Asian countries are very limited and only few studies have investigated the immunohistochemical profiles of the tumor. This study aims to investigate the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of odontogenic myxoma at the Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University over a 15-year period. MethodsArchives of our institute were reviewed. Cases diagnosed as odontogenic myxoma were retrieved. Demographic, clinical, radiographic, and histopathological features of these cases were analyzed. In addition, immunohistochemical markers including vimentin, Ki-67, Bcl-2, and CD117 were performed. The correlation between immunohistochemical profiles and clinicopathological characteristics was evaluated. ResultsSixteen cases of odontogenic myxoma were discovered. Fourteen cases were central type while two cases were peripheral type. The mean age of patients was 34.6 years with male-to-female ratio of 1:2.2. Mandible (68.8 %) was more affected than the maxilla (31.2 %). Bony expansion or jaw swelling (43.8 %) was the most common clinical feature. Most cases (71.4 %) presented with multilocular radiolucency. Histopathologically, tumors show stellate and spindle-shaped cells in a myxoid stroma with varying amounts of collagen fiber. All cases were positive for vimentin and Bcl-2. Half of the cases showed positive for Ki-67. Mast cells were presented in most cases (75.0 %). A significant correlation was found between the immunoexpression level of Bcl-2 and border of lesion in radiograph (p = 0.024). ConclusionsThis study contributes to better understanding of the characteristics of odontogenic myxoma. Clinicians and pathologists should be aware of odontogenic myxoma, as its clinical and histopathological features may overlap with other tumors. The expression of Bcl-2 and presence of mast cell in this tumor may relate to its growth and aggressiveness. Despite its benign nature, odontogenic myxoma exhibits high recurrence, especially in lesion managed conservatively.

Vitexin Inhibits TNBC Progression and Metastasis by Modulating Macrophage Polarization Through EGFR Signaling.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks sensitivity to endocrine and targeted therapies, exhibiting high recurrence and poor prognosis postchemotherapy. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a crucial role in cancer progression. Vitexin, a compound with diverse pharmacological effects including anti-cancer activity, remains unexplored in its impact on TAMs during TNBC development. This study aimed to investigate vitexin's effect on TNBC, its regulation of macrophage polarization (M1 vs. M2), and the underlying EGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Our results demonstrated that vitexin suppressed the proliferation and invasion of TNBC cells (MDA-MB-231 and BT549) while inducing macrophage mediators that further inhibited cancer cell migration. Vitexin also promoted M1 polarization and suppressed M2 polarization, affecting EGFR phosphorylation and downstream signaling. In vivo, vitexin inhibited tumor growth, favoring M1 polarization and suppressing M2 polarization, with synergistic effects when combined with doxorubicin (Dox). These findings offer novel insights into vitexin's potential in TNBC treatment.

Chlorin e6-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Targeted by Angiopep-2: Advancing Photodynamic Therapy in Glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor known for its resistance to standard treatments. Despite surgery being a primary option, it often leads to incomplete removal and high recurrence rates. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) holds promise as an adjunctive treatment, but safety concerns and the need for high-power lasers have limited its widespread use. This research addresses these challenges by introducing a novel PDT approach, using chlorin e6 (Ce6) enclosed in nanostructured lipid carriers (Ang-Ce6-NLCs) and targeted to GBM with the angiopep-2 peptide. Remarkably, a single 5-min irradiation session with LEDs at 660nm and low power density (10mW cm- 2) proves effective against GBM, while reducing safety risks associated with high-power lasers. Encapsulation improves Ce6 stability and performance in physiological environments, while angiopep-2 targeting enhances delivery to GBM cells, maximizing treatment efficacy and minimizing off-target effects. The findings demonstrate that Ang-Ce6-NLCs-mediated PDT brings about a significant reduction in GBM cell viability, increases oxidative stress, reduces tumor migration, and enhances apoptosis. Overall, such treatment holds potential as a safe and efficient intraoperative removal of GBM infiltrating cells that cannot be reached by surgery, using low-power LED light to minimize harm to surrounding healthy tissue while maximizing tumor treatment.

Development and validation of a recurrence risk assessment model for high-grade bladder cancer based on TCGA and GEO.

Bladder cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed urinary cancers worldwide. Although muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) accounts for only 25% of bladder cancer cases, it has a high recurrence rate and poor prognosis, especially among high-grade cases. Despite the existence of some molecular markers, there is a clear clinical need for a robust recurrence prediction model that can assist in patient management and therapeutic decision-making. Therefore, we aimed to use public databases to develop such an effective assessment model. We developed a recurrence risk assessment model for high-grade bladder cancer based on the clinical information of 217 cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and profiles of 87 samples from GSE31684 in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Edge R was used to analyze differences between RNAs of bladder cancer in the TCGA database, with thresholds of P<0.05 and |log2(fold change)| >1; least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression models were used to screen the RNAs significantly related to recurrence with minimum λ. Survival receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC) was used to assess the predictive accuracy of the model in the training and validation sets of GSE31684. There were 2,876 differential RNAs obtained from TCGA data. Among a total of 284 RNAs identified as significantly related to recurrence of bladder cancer, 49 were obtained by LASSO regression, and 30 were finally obtained by multifactor risk regression to construct a risk assessment model. The model was found to predict the prognosis of bladder cancer recurrence well, with an AUC of 0.911 in the TCGA training set and an adjusted AUC value of 0.839 in the GEO validation set. The recurrence assessment model is a relatively accurate recurrence prediction tool for high-grade bladder cancer and could provide a guidance for the treatment of bladder cancer.

Endoscopic transorbital approach for recurrent spheno-orbital meningiomas: single center case series

Endoscopic transorbital approaches (ETOAs) are finding wide application for skull base lesions, particularly for spheno-orbital meningiomas (SOMs). These tumors have high recurrence rates, and second surgery can often represent a challenge. In this study we analyze our experience of management of recurrent SOMs through a slightly modified eyelid crease approach. Between May 2016 and September 2023, in the Department of Neurosurgery of Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo (Pavia, Italy), five consecutive recurrent SOMs have been treated using an endoscopic transorbital approach. Demographic data, preoperatory deficits, lesions characteristics, histology, grade of resection, eventual adjuvant treatments, complications, outcome in terms of symptoms improvement and cosmesis, and hospitalization are described. One patient maintained a right lateral rectus muscle palsy that was already present in the preoperatory, no cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks were reported. All patients had postoperative periorbital edema, but no other systemic complication was found. All patients had proptosis improvement, two had visual acuity improvement, and best cosmetic outcome was obtained in all cases. Hospitalization varied between 4 and 6 days. ETOAs in the management of recurrent SOMs are safe and have good outcome. Right selection of patients is mandatory, but when feasible, endoscopic surgery can allow a virgin route to a previously operated tumor, guaranteeing a good strategic option.

Optimizing Surgical Technique for Improved Fistula Treatment

Especially transphincteric anorectal fistulas have shown to be complex with involvement of many anatomical structures and rather high recurrence rates. The need for modularity in the annular dissecting fistula as well as in the sphincteric functioning became pronounced in treatment for the disorder. This is done so that conditions such as fecal incontinence are not realized in the process of undergoing surgery. The patient was a 52-year-old man with many symptoms of the disease including transphincteric fistula with many openings internally or externally. An example of a patient suitable for using the new surgical method for assessment of the outcome would be a patient with no clinical conditions such as diabetes or hypertension. This approach uses modern approaches in drainage together with the ancient Ayurveda technique of Kshara sutra technique in the treatment of the tissue in order to ensure that there is a constant drainage of the contents of the fistulous tract. Among all these techniques, methylene blue infiltration has been found quite helpful in identifying the fistula tract. These procedures are aimed at achieving maximum surgical effect which will minimize the possibility of the recurrence of the illness and enhance the muscular tone of the anal sphincter. The characteristics of the patient’s healing state also evolved in treatment: several changes were observed already on the 10th day after the operation. After the second month, the patient had no signs of the fistula tract any more: there were no recurrences or complications. Since there are neither other known influences that could significantly influence the general status of the patient, the presence of markers that could suggest how well the surgical intervention addressed the fistulas stresses the potential of the approach as a set of basic strategies for managing difficult fistulas. From the article, one may infer the important of precision and innovation in performing surgeries. Also, it has the potential to enhance patients’ outcome and exclude the factors of long-term adverse effects commonly seen in anorectal fistulas.

LIMBERG FLAP FOR SACROCOCCYGEAL PILONIDAL SINUS: A SAFE AND PROMISING SURGERY

Introduction:Sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus is a common disease of the adult age group, especially male population, causing significant morbidity from both disease and surgery done for the same. It is essentially a cleavage between the buttocks (i.e., natal cleft), and diagnosis is made by identifying the epithelialized follicle opening (i.e., sinus). The name PILONIDAL is taken from Latin meaning nest of hairs. The estimated incidence is 26 per 1,00,000 people1. It generally presents as a cyst, abscess, or sinus tract with or without discharge2. Men affected more often than women1, rare both before puberty and after the age of 40 years3. The etiology of the pilonidal sinus is a matter of controversy. Aims &amp; Objectives:Literature study showed that Limberg flap reconstruction following rhomboid excision of the sinus area was superior to primary closure and other flap procedures and a safe and reliable method in sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease with low complication and recurrence rates. Hence, this study was performed in our setup to evaluate the usefulness of Limberg flap procedure in sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus, patient compliance, complications and long-term recurrence rates following the procedure. Materials &amp; Methods:The study involves 22 patients, from May 2022 to September 2023. Most of the patients were males of those 4 were females. Average age was 24 years—the oldest was 29 years and the youngest was 15 years. Results:In this study 22 patients were included. Among them 18 were males and 4 were females. Mean age was 24 years (range 15–29 years). Of the 22 patients, 14 had primary disease, 6 had recurrent disease, and 2 came up after having previous incision and drainage for abscess. All patients came with pilonidal sinus, from May 2022, were assessed for its severity and investigated, and then they underwent Limberg flap surgery under spinal anesthesia. Discussion:Sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus is blind epithelial tract situated in the skin of the natal cleft, close to anal verge, generally containing hair. The etiology is matter of debate initially congenital origin was thought of which is now given up. Main causes for the formation of this sinus are hirsutism, sweating in the area, repeated maceration due to trauma, leading to breakage of the skin barrier, attracting hair inside which initiates a foreign body reaction leading to infection with abscess or sinus formation. Conclusion:Sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus is headache to both the patient and the treating surgeon because of its repeated infection, persistent pain with discharge, and high recurrence rates with regular procedures.

Standard chemotherapy impacts on in vitro cellular heterogeneity in spheroids enriched with cancer stem cells (CSCs) derived from triple-negative breast cancer cell line

Triple-negative breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with high recurrence and mortality, linked to cancer stem cells (CSCs). Our study characterized distinct cell subpopulations and signaling pathways to explore chemoresistance. We observed cellular heterogeneity among and within the cells regarding phenotyping and drug response. In untreated BT-549 cells, we noted plasticity properties in both CD44+/CD24+/CD146+ hybrid cells and CD44-/CD24+/CD146+ epithelial cells, enabling phenotypic conversion into CD44+/CD24-/CD146- epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like like breast CSCs (BCSCs). Additionally, non-BCSCs may give rise to ALDH+ epithelial-like BCSCs. Enriched BCSCs demonstrated the potential to differentiation into CD44-/CD24-/CD146- cells and exhibited self-renewal capabilities. Similar phenotypic plasticity was not observed in untreated Hs 578T and HMT-3522 S1 cells. BT-549 cells were more resistant to paclitaxel/PTX than to doxorubicin/DOX, a phenomenon potentially linked to the presence of CD24+ cells prior to treatment. Under the CSCs-enriched spheroids model, BT-549 demonstrated extreme resistance to DOX, likely due to the enrichment of BCSCs CD44+/CD24-/CD146- and the tumor cells CD44-/CD24-/CD146-. Additionally, DOX treatment induced the enrichment of plastic and chemoresistant cells, further exacerbating resistance mechanisms. BT-549 exhibited high heterogeneity, leading to significant alterations in cell subpopulations under BCSCs enrichment, demonstrating increased phenotypic plasticity during EMT. This phenomenon appears to play a major role in DOX resistance, as indicated by the presence of the refractory cells CD44+/CD24-/CD146- BCSCs EMT-like, CD44-/CD24-/CD146- tumor cells, and elevated STAT3 expression. Gene expression data from BT-549 CSCs-enriched spheroids suggests that ferroptosis may be occurring via autophagic regulation triggered by RAB7A, highlighting this gene as a potential therapeutic target.

Identifying High Recurrence Risk in Breast Carcinoma Patients Through Spatial Transcriptomic Analysis.

Comparing gene expression profiles according to recurrence risk using spatially resolved transcriptomic analysis has not been reported. This study aimed to identify distinct genetic features of breast carcinoma associated with a high Oncotype DX Recurrence Score (ORS). Patients were categorized into two groups, ORS-high (ORS-H; two patients) and ORS-non-high (ORS-NH; five patients). We performed digital spatial profiling and bioinformatic analyses to investigate the spatial transcriptomic profiles. Lysozyme (LYZ), complement C1q C chain (C1QC), and complement C1q B chain (C1QB) exhibited the highest fold changes in the stromal compartment of the ORS-H group. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of the ORS-H group revealed significant up-regulation of genes associated with immune response in the stromal compartment, including lymphocyte-mediated immunity, adaptive immune response related to the immunoglobulin superfamily, and leukocyte-mediated immunity. Gene set enrichment analysis showed significant positive enrichment of gene sets associated with interferon (IFN) response and complement pathways in the stromal compartment. This study highlights significant differences in gene expression profiles and spatially resolved transcriptional activities between ORS-H and ORS-NH breast carcinomas. The significant up-regulation of genes and pathways associated with cell-mediated immunity, IFN response, and complement C1q in the stromal compartment of the ORS-H group warrants further evaluation with larger population cohorts.

Anticancer Potential of Quercetin on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Scoping Review and Molecular Docking.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a type of cancer that has a low survival rate and high recurrence and metastasis rates. To date, there is still no effective treatment for OSCC. Various types of cancer, including OSCC, have reported quercetin to act as an anticancer agent, but there is no clear research data on how it may affect OSCC. To determine the anticancer potential of quercetin in OSCC, we conducted a scoping review, and to determine the interaction of quercetin with one of the proteins that plays a role in carcinogenesis, namely, BCL-2, we conducted molecular docking. The scoping review process was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews. The scoping review was searched by collecting articles related to the research topic in Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, and EBSCOhost databases. All of the literature records found during the search were imported into the Mendeley software to remove duplication. Nine studies were generated after the titles and abstracts were reviewed according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After the full-text screening, no studies were excluded, leaving nine publications determined to be eligible for inclusion in the scoping review. Quercetin showed effects on inhibiting cancer invasion, migration, proliferation, and many protein expressions, as well as increasing cell apoptosis. Molecular docking was done for quercetin and BCl-2 protein. Doxorubicin was utilized as a comparison ligand. The in silico study was utilized using AutoDock Vina, AutoDock Tools 1.5.6, Biovia Discovery Studio 2021, and PyMol. Molecular docking indicated quercetin has a strong binding affinity with BCl-2 protein (ΔG -7.2 kcal/mol). Both scoping review and molecular docking revealed that quercetin is a promising candidate for anticancer agent.

Effects of High-Dose Intravenous Vitamin C on Colorectal Cancer Recurrence: The Retrospective Study by Medical Records for 23 Years

Background: Among the complementary and alternative therapies used to treat cancer, studies have reported since the late 1960s that the intravenous administration of high-dose vitamin C had an anticancer effect. As the incidence of colorectal cancer has recently increased, interest in treating and preventing its recurrence has also increased. Therefore, this study investigated whether the intravenous administration of high-dose vitamin C to patients with colorectal cancer who received chemotherapy after radical resection would reduce recurrence rates.Methods: One hundred eighty patients who were diagnosed with colorectal cancer and received chemotherapy after surgery at a university hospital in Busan for a total of 23 years from January 2000 to March 2023 were retrospectively studied. Of them, 30 were administered high-dose (1 g/kg) intravenous vitamin C injections twice weekly for more than 5 weeks in addition to standard treatments, while the remaining 150 patients who received only standard treatments were assigned to the control group. In both groups, a thorough examination was performed every year after surgery. The chi-squared test was performed to compare 5-year recurrence rates.Results: The control group had higher recurrence and mortality rates than the experimental group; however, the differences were not statistically significant. The recurrence rate was 28.1% in the stage 2 and 3 control groups, non-significantly higher than that in the experimental group (18.8%; P&gt;0.05).Conclusions: There was no statistically significant difference in recurrence among patients with colorectal cancer who received chemotherapy, although the 5-year recurrence rate was decreased in the experimental versus control group.

Development and validation of a novel liquid-liquid phase separation gene signature for bladder cancer

Bladder carcinoma (BLCA) represents a common urinary tract malignancy, characterized by aggressive behavior and high recurrence rates. The biological response regulation during tumor proliferation and metastasis is intimately associated with liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). For the purpose of enhancing early detection and treatment, this study employed transcriptomic data to examine the prognostic implications of LLPS-associated genes and formulate a predictive model. Clinical and transcriptomic data of bladder cancer patients were sourced from the GEO and TCGA databases. This study applied a clustering algorithm using non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) to classify samples, which were systematically compared based on their liquid-liquid phase separation characteristics. Prognostic models were developed using multivariate Cox regression and the Least Absolute Shrinkage Selection Operator (LASSO) algorithm to establish risk formulas for nine genes. The gene signature’s validity was tested across the entire TCGA cohort (406 cases), the TCGA testing cohort (120 cases), and the external validation dataset GSE13507. The predictive accuracy of the signature system was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Kaplan-Meier curves. Additionally, decision curve analysis incorporating clinicopathological parameters and the genetic signature was employed to predict individual survival. This study identified two distinct molecular subtypes, C1 and C2. Patients with the C1 subtype exhibited significantly better prognoses than those with the C2 subtype. Low-risk group patients consistently showed superior prognoses compared to high-risk groups across the entire TCGA, GEO, and TCGA training cohorts. Furthermore, the LLPS-related gene model demonstrated prognostic value independent of other clinical traits. This study identifies LLPS-associated gene clusters and establishes an independent, accurate prognostic model for BLCA. The model holds potential for clinical application in BLCA prognosis assessment.

The Study on Lymphatic Cysts Caused by Lymphadenectomy

&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Background&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;: Traumatic lymphatic cyst, also known as cystic lymphangioma, is a multidisciplinary disease, with congenital lymphatic cysts being more common. Lymphatic cysts lack specific clinical manifestations, and the vast majority of cases are incidentally discovered during auxiliary examinations or surgeries, making diagnosis challenging. Surgery is the most effective treatment for this condition, with a favorable prognosis. Lymphatic cysts caused by lymphatic injury are clinically rare. This study theoretically analyzes the clinical characteristics of lymphatic cysts resulting from lymphatic injury. &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Objective&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;: To explore the mechanisms by which lymphatic injury leads to lymphatic cyst formation and provide guidance for clinical treatment measures. &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Methods&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;: The study involves analyzing the principles of lymphatic injury and examining the process of lymphatic cystic transformation and cyst formation. &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Results&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;: The causes of lymphatic injury include mechanical cutting, thermal energy conduction from electrocautery, needle puncture, and trauma. &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Conclusion&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;: There are various mechanisms and causes of lymphatic injury, and lymphatic injury is common during surgery. When lymphatic vessels are identified during surgery, they should be managed similarly to blood vessel ligation and disconnection. Lymphatic cysts are prone to recurrence, and complete resection is an effective treatment for this condition. Puncture and subtotal resection have a high recurrence rate.