High School Dropout Rates Research Articles

Optimizing the Role of Parents in Children's Educational Awareness in Kedungsugo Prambon Village, Sidoarjo

This community service programme was conducted in Kedungsugo Village, Prambon District, Sidoarjo Regency, East Java. The programme identified several crucial problems: 1) Low parental awareness of children's growth and potential; 2) About 47% of the community is on the poverty line; 3) High school dropout rate at productive age; 4) Children working not in accordance with their expertise; 5) High divorce rate due to early marriage; 6) High risk of juvenile delinquency such as crime, alcohol, and drugs. The Doktor Mengabdi (KDM) group of Unisma Malang implemented this workshop programme using the Participatory Action Research (PAR) method, supported by data from the social services and village government. The aim is to overcome these crucial problems through increasing parents' awareness as the main driver of mindset change, optimising the role of parents, and increasing awareness of the importance of education for children and families. This effort aims to gradually reduce and eliminate problems such as school dropouts, early marriage, and juvenile delinquency. The benefits of this community service are in accordance with the needs of Kedungsugo Village and Unisma's vision and mission for global economic peace and equality, as well as supporting the government's SDGs programme which focuses on quality and equitable education and socio-economic development. The success of this community service can be seen from the enthusiasm of the community in participating in the programme and the positive response during the discussion, which is an indication of improving the quality of human resources as the main capital for change in the village.

Prevention of Child Marriage to Create a Family Problem Badriyah Fayumi's Perspective

Early childhood marriage has many negative impacts, especially for girls. For girls aged 10 to 14 years. With the high school dropout rate, there are fewer job opportunities for women. Apart from being a wife, sexual partner or taking care of children, quite a few women still want to have a career at work. Psychological and mental problems also cannot be underestimated. At an immature age, quarrels will often occur and often lead to violence, both physical and verbal. This researcher uses a juridical analysis approach because the study or research context uses cases in the field and is analyzed using legislation. If you look at this research based on its type, this research uses a type of library research. The data used are books about child marriage and the mashlahah family. Men and women must be able to work together and live in harmony. One form of cooperation and the embodiment of harmonious living is marriage. Humans marry and build households. In fact, it's not just humans who marry or pair up, all creatures have partners. As stated in QS.Adz-Dzariyat 51: 49 which means "we have created everything in pairs so that you remember" and also in QS.Yasin 36:36 which says truly! "Glorified is He who created all pairs, both from what the earth grows and from themselves (humans) and from (creatures) that they do not know." A marriage must form family functions.

Social protection as a strategy for HIV prevention, education promotion and child marriage reduction among adolescents: a cross-sectional population-based study in Lesotho

BackgroundLesotho’s government has shown consistent efforts to implement social protection programmes. However, while recent evidence established a positive causal relationship between some of these programmes and food security there is little evidence on the extent to which these initiatives are associated with better educational and sexual and reproductive health outcomes among vulnerable adolescents in Lesotho.Methods and FindingsThe study uses cross-sectional, nationally representative data from the 2018 Lesotho Violence Against Children and Youth Survey. Our research examined the association between social protection receipt and educational and sexual and reproductive health outcomes among adolescents and young people (13–24 years) living in poverty. We employed multivariate logistic regression controlling for age, orphanhood, HIV status and sex. Social protection receipt was defined as household receipt of financial support from a governmental, non-governmental, or community-based program that provides income. Additionally, we fitted a marginal effects model by sex. Among the 3,506 adolescent females and males living in the two lowest poverty quintiles, receipt of social protection was associated with improvements in multiple adolescent outcomes: higher odds of consistent condom use (aOR 1.64, 95% CI 1.17–2.29), educational attainment (aOR 1.79, 95% CI 1.36–2.36), and school enrolment (aOR 2.19, 95% CI 1.44–3.34). Stratified analyses by sex showed that social protection receipt was also associated with reduced likelihood of child marriage among females (aOR 0.59, 95% CI 0.42–0.83) and higher odds of educational attainment and school enrolment among males (aOR 2.53, 95% CI 1.59–4.03 and aOR 3.11, 95% CI 1.56–6.19, respectively).ConclusionsOur study provides evidence that social protection programs are associated with improved educational, sexual and reproductive health and child marriage prevention outcomes among adolescents living in poverty. Implementing and expanding such social protection initiatives could prove instrumental in improving the well-being of vulnerable adolescents.ContributionsSocial protection programs have been increasing in sub-Saharan African countries, playing a pivotal role in poverty reduction, with Lesotho being no exception. Despite the optimistic outlook brought about by the implementation of the National Social Protection Strategy Lesotho I (2014-19) and II (2021–2031), the impact of these programs on some specific outcomes that concern the lives of the most vulnerable adolescents in Lesotho remains to some extent unexplored. Additionally, Lesotho grapples with high rates of HIV, adolescent pregnancy, child marriage and early school dropout, which can further contribute to poor long-term health and social outcomes among adolescents. In this study, we used data from the 2018 Lesotho Violence Against Children and Youth Survey (VACS) to examine the association between receiving social protection and multiple adolescent outcomes: educational, sexual and reproductive. The findings revealed that social protection programs, particularly the existing government-provided cash transfers, are significantly associated with multiple better outcomes among adolescents living in the poorest households in Lesotho. Such cash transfer schemes in Lesotho are associated with improved sexual and reproductive health outcomes for adolescent females, including reduced child marriage rates, and improved educational outcomes for males. These findings indicate that government-led social protection programmes are positively associated with favourable outcomes that can improve the quality of life for adolescents in resource-limited settings.

A Comparison of Bias Mitigation Techniques for Educational Classification Tasks Using Supervised Machine Learning

Machine learning (ML) has become integral in educational decision-making through technologies such as learning analytics and educational data mining. However, the adoption of machine learning-driven tools without scrutiny risks perpetuating biases. Despite ongoing efforts to tackle fairness issues, their application to educational datasets remains limited. To address the mentioned gap in the literature, this research evaluates the effectiveness of four bias mitigation techniques in an educational dataset aiming at predicting students’ dropout rate. The overarching research question is: “How effective are the techniques of reweighting, resampling, and Reject Option-based Classification (ROC) pivoting in mitigating the predictive bias associated with high school dropout rates in the HSLS:09 dataset?" The effectiveness of these techniques was assessed based on performance metrics including false positive rate (FPR), accuracy, and F1 score. The study focused on the biological sex of students as the protected attribute. The reweighting technique was found to be ineffective, showing results identical to the baseline condition. Both uniform and preferential resampling techniques significantly reduced predictive bias, especially in the FPR metric but at the cost of reduced accuracy and F1 scores. The ROC pivot technique marginally reduced predictive bias while maintaining the original performance of the classifier, emerging as the optimal method for the HSLS:09 dataset. This research extends the understanding of bias mitigation in educational contexts, demonstrating practical applications of various techniques and providing insights for educators and policymakers. By focusing on an educational dataset, it contributes novel insights beyond the commonly studied datasets, highlighting the importance of context-specific approaches in bias mitigation.

Barriers to resection following neoadjuvant chemotherapy for resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma: A national and local perspective.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) use for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has increased, but some patients never get resection following NAC. Data from January 2012 to December 2019 for all clinically resectable patients across two health networks were utilized, as well as data from the ACS NCDB registry. Univariate testing, multivariable logistic regression, and survival analyses were employed to evaluate failure to resection after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. Of the 10 007 registry patients eligible for resection, the resected group was younger (64.6 vs. 69.5 years; p < 0.001) and had a slightly lower mean comorbidity index (0.41 vs. 0.45; p < 0.001) than the nonsurgical group. The nonsurgical group was composed of a higher percentage of Black and Hispanic patients (17.5 vs. 13.1%; p < 0.001). After adjusting for age and comorbidities, the factors associated with decreased probability of resection after NAC were evaluation at a community hospital (OR 2.4), Black or Hispanic race (OR 1.6), areas of increased high school drop-out rates (OR 1.4), and lack of private health insurance (OR 1.3). The median overall survival for nonsurgery was markedly worse than the surgical cohort (10.6 vs. 26.6 months; p < 0.001). The most frequent reasons for a lack of definitive resection were operative upstaging to unresectable (39.6%), patient preference (14.5%), progression on NAC (13.2%), deconditioning or comorbidity severity (12.5%), and nonreferral to a surgeon (8.8%). Racial, economic, and educational disparities have a considerable influence on the successful completion of a neoadjuvant approach for resectable PDAC. A comprehensive closed or highly collaborative/communicative multidisciplinary neoadjuvant program is optimal for treatment success and completion.

Village Government Strategies to Enhance Community Participation In Development: A Case Study in Garessi Village, Tanete Rilau District, Barru Regency

Community participation in the development process has become a crucial key to achieving sustainable and inclusive development efforts. This study aims to analyze the efforts made by the Garessi Village government, Tanete Rilau District, Barru Regency, in enhancing community participation in local development. The research method used is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews and direct field observations.The results of the study show that the village government has implemented various strategies and programs to enhance community participation, including education, training, and the formation of working groups. Furthermore, cooperation between the village government, non-governmental organizations, and the private sector also supports these efforts. However, there are still some challenges such as the high school dropout rate affecting the involvement of young people in development and the limited infrastructure access in some areas.This research contributes significantly to understanding the dynamics of community participation in the context of rural development. The implications of this study are expected to provide insights for village governments in designing more effective policies and programs to enhance community participation in local development.

Spiritual parenting for the community of Tanjung Dayang Selatan Village, Ogan Ilir Regency

The laws on child protection and the national education system outline the roles and responsibilities of parents towards their children. However, the reality in Indonesia, particularly in rural areas, reveals that many parents still neglect their children's education and spiritual development, leading to high rates of school dropout and moral decline among children. The objective of community service program is to impart an understanding of Islamic spiritual parenting concepts to the target audience, enabling its application within the community. This community service initiative comprises three main agendas: pre-test, socialization or counseling sessions on family sociology and spiritual parenting, and post-test evaluations. The results of the activity demonstrated a 33% increase in participants' knowledge after engaging in spiritual parenting discussions.

Exploring the persistence of adults on secondary education courses: occupational status, satisfaction and self-efficacy as key factors

One of the most worrying issues in Spanish education is the high school dropout rate, especially for those students who leave compulsory secondary education with no qualifications. Some of these students re-enter the system via adult education centres (AECs), where they can obtain the minimum qualification required by the labour market (the Secondary Education Graduate Certificate, the equivalent of GCSE in UK education). Entry into and adaptation to the AECs was explored in a non-probabilistic sample of 234 individuals from a total population of 2033 enrolled in 14 Catalan AECs, and the roles of a range of factors in shaping successful trajectories were analysed. The aim was to contribute to the design of strategies boosting students’ well-being and raising the probability of their persisting in their studies. The results showed that when study was full-time or combined with a part-time job of half a day or fewer working hours, when there was high academic satisfaction with the centre, and when there was a feeling of empowerment and efficacy in studying, the bond to the centre and the will to continue studying there were enhanced.

Resolusi Degradasi Pendidikan Desa Banyusidi melalui Program “Bhumi Literasi” Berbasis Digital

Purpose – The aim of the “Bhumi Literacy” program is to overcome the decline in education in Banyusidi Village and reinvigorate the literacy spirit of the target participants. Methodology – One of the crucial problems is the degradation of education as evidenced by the high school dropout rate and the decline in literacy. To overcome this, the Ormawa Student Association of the Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program through the Student Organization Capacity Strengthening Program (PPK Ormawa) carries out community empowerment activities with the "Bhumi Literacy" program. Bhumi Literasi is a program for cultivating and developing children's literacy skills through non-formal education activities. The Bhumi Literacy Program is implemented using preparation, implementation, monitoring and evaluation methods, as well as hearings and partner assistance. Findings – Through this method, five literacy sub-programs were developed which will be implemented, namely sub-programs for scientific literacy, digital literacy, financial literacy, reading-writing literacy and cultural literacy. The five sub-programs produce outputs in the form of local cultural wisdom products in the form of succulent plants, pine hangers, pine bouquets, mugs and tote bags created by the trained participants. Originality – Apart from producing concrete and useful outcomes, the "Bhumi Literacy" program is a service program designed within the non-formal education curriculum to adapt to the educational needs of children in the digital era. The learning process that takes place is very innovative, fun and meaningful.

Fighting Classroom Hunger : Analysis of Mid-day Meal Scheme of Odisha

India State Hunger Index (ISHI) reported that, “India is home to the world’s largest food insecure population, with more than 200 million people who are hungry.” Adding to this, the report urged that, the country’s poor performance is driven by its high levels of child under-nutrition and poor calorie count. Education plays a vital role in the development of human potential. State Governments are spending considerable portion of their resources to provide educational facilities all over the country. In spite of these efforts, the goal of cent percent universalization of elementary education appears to be far and elusive due to inherent socio-economic factors present in the society. Free and compulsory education up to the age of 14 years is the constitutional commitment and it is estimated that primary school children (6-14 years) form about 20% of the total population. Poor school enrolment and high school dropout rate are attributed to the poor nutritional status of the children compounded by poor socio-economic condition, child labour and lack of motivation. The researchers have used empirical research to find the real gap in the system.

The Experiences of Children on Sri Lanka's Tea Plantations: Labor and Sexual Exploitation, Violence, and Inadequate Education

This article explores the difficulties faced by children living in Sri Lanka’s tea plantation areas. Data from 150 children reveal high rates of poverty, violence, and school dropout. Children in tea plantation schools report bullying and stigma from teachers and students. Many children do not envision completing school due to inadequate resources, family income pressures, and the need to work. Children who drop out of school face abusive labor conditions and poor pay. Over 30% of all children report experiencing sexual abuse, often in their own homes. Those working face discrimination, physical abuse, and wage theft. Initiatives are needed to improve family incomes, reform schools, provide affordable childcare, enforce child labor laws, and raise awareness of safety and rights. Governmental financial support is required to improve housing, expand agriculture production to generate family income for schooling expenses, and provide training for teachers. Government interventions and creating coordination between agencies, NGOs, and tea industry stakeholders are vital to alleviate the hardships faced by Sri Lanka’s tea plantation children and create opportunities for them to realize their full potential.

Sleep and dropout from upper secondary school: A register-linked study

ObjectiveThe present study investigates the association between sleep in late adolescence and completion of upper secondary school. MethodsThe data are drawn from the youth@hordaland study, a large population-based study conducted in 2012, linked with official educational data in Norway (N = 8838). ResultsHigh school dropout was more prevalent among adolescents who had insomnia (20.6%) compared to those without insomnia (14.3%; adjusted risk ratios = 1.50; 95% confidence intervals: [2.19-2.92]). There was also a higher rate of school dropout among those who had symptoms of delayed sleep-wake phase (21%) compared to those without delayed sleep-wake phase (14.3%); adjusted risk ratios = 1.43, 95% confidence intervals: (1.28-1.59). School noncompleters were also characterized by reporting 44 minutes shorter sleep duration, longer sleep onset latency, and wake after sleep onset (both approx. 15 minutes) compared to school completers. ConclusionThe importance of sleep for high school dropout rates highlights the importance of including sleep as a risk indicator and a possible target for preventive interventions in late adolescence.

Assessing the Feasibility of Economic Approaches to Prevent Substance Abuse Among Adolescents: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study.

Adolescent alcohol and drug use (ADU) is a significant public health challenge. Uganda, one of the poorest countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), has the second-highest rate of per capita alcohol consumption in SSA, and over one-third of Ugandan adolescents have used alcohol in their lifetime (over 50% of them engage in heavy episodic drinking). These estimates further increase in fishing villages, a key HIV-vulnerable population, where ADU is normative. However, few studies have assessed ADU among adolescents and youths living with HIV despite their increased risk for ADU and its impact on engagement in HIV care. Moreover, data on risk and resilience factors for ADU are scarce as only few studies evaluating ADU interventions in SSA have reported positive outcomes. The majority have been implemented in school settings, potentially excluding adolescents in fishing communities with high school dropout rates, and none have targeted risk factors including poverty and mental health, which are rampant among adolescents and youths living with HIV and their families, undermine their coping skills and resources, and have been associated with increased risk for ADU among them. We propose a mixed methods study with a sample of 200 adolescents and youths living with HIV (aged 18-24 years) seen at 6 HIV clinics in southwestern Uganda's fishing communities to (1) examine the prevalence and consequences of ADU and identify the multilevel risk and resilience factors associated with ADU among them and (2) explore the feasibility and short-term effects of an economic empowerment intervention on ADU among them. This study comprises four components: (1) focus group discussions (FGDs) with adolescents and youths living with HIV (n=20) and in-depth qualitative interviews with health providers (n=10) from 2 randomly selected clinics; (2) a cross-sectional survey with 200 adolescents and youths living with HIV; (3) a randomized controlled trial with a subgroup of adolescents and youths living with HIV (n=100); and (4) 2 postintervention FGD with adolescents and youths living with HIV (n=10 per group). Participant recruitment for the first qualitative phase has completed. As of May 4, 2023, ten health providers from 6 clinics have been recruited, provided written consent to participate, and participated in in-depth qualitative interviews. Two FGDs was conducted with 20 adolescents and youths living with HIV from 2 clinics. Data transcription, translation, and analysis of qualitative data has commenced. The cross-sectional survey will commence shortly after and dissemination of the main study findings is targeted for 2024. Our findings will advance our understanding of ADU among adolescents and youths living with HIV and inform the design of future interventions to address ADU among them. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05597865; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05597865. PRR1-10.2196/46486.

Healing Hearts and Fostering Connections: Mitigating Behavioral Challenges in the Classroom Through Educator Training on Trauma-Transformational Practices

Trauma and toxic stress are known to have devastating effects on child development and the number of children reporting Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) is continuously on the rise. Exposure to trauma has been proven detrimental to children’s mental and physical health, socio-emotional wellbeing, behavior, and academic performance leading to decreased school engagement, and increased high school dropout rates. Additionally, the negative effects of trauma and adversity on students’ abilities to process and retain information are sometimes outwardly manifested in the learning environment making classroom management and teaching challenging for educators. Educators have a unique opportunity to intervene and provide support to negate the effects of childhood trauma and ACEs by utilizing trauma-informed practices with their students. This paper explores how engaging education professionals in training on the implementation of trauma-transformational practices - through Child Wellness Institute’s Healing Hearts Series: Trauma 101 Workshop - promotes their ability to build healthy connections with their students that foster healing while learning and improves educational outcomes.

An Acute Crisis adds to Unresolved Chronic Crisis

Residents in a community in the South Peninsula of the Western Cape, South Africa live with the reality of unresolved challenges. The women and children of this community face a burden from the prevailing inequality and structural violence that plays out in their daily lives as high levels of unemployment, substance abuse, violence in many forms, food insecurity, high school dropout rates and teenage pregnancy. The complexities of living in this community were exacerbated by the arrival of the Covid-19 pandemic and the resultant lockdown regulations that destabilised all previous notions of normality. The pre-existing social challenges can be viewed as the residents’ experiences of hazards and stressors that have been in place for years in the unequal social structures of South Africa (The World Bank 2022). In this environment, of what can be interpreted as a community in chronic crisis (Dekker et al., 2021), the addition of the acute crisis of the pandemic, posed further cumulative effects on households that impacted more seriously on those who are already the most vulnerable. This paper presents reflections on the stories of women talking about their experiences of the global pandemic to this coastal community. We aim to show the impact on their lives as members of families within their community. The analysis will utilise the phases of a crisis (Emergency Management, 2022) where the pre-crisis or prodromal phase was recognised as life in the chronic crisis of structural violence. The acute or crisis phase of the pandemic became a lens for the effects of an existing long-term crisis compounded by athe. The response or chronic phase of the acute crisis was again found to be exacerbated by the existence of a long drawn out response phase to the chronic crisis. This paper is a window into the innovative attempts by this community to cope with the immense challenges of Covid-19, followed now by the post-crisis (resolution) phase that reflects the ongoing efforts to rebuild the community in the face of the cumulative effects of the pandemic, as but a temporary diversion from the challenges of a continuous chronic crisis. The post-crisis phase remains incomplete, however, a deeper understanding of crisis upon crisis provides knowledge that can assist those implementing social interventions in this community to tackle challenges as a state of chronic crisis for residents.

MP22-06 ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF BLACK RACE ON WOMEN WITH BLADDER CANCER IN THE UNITED STATES

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023MP22-06 ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF BLACK RACE ON WOMEN WITH BLADDER CANCER IN THE UNITED STATES Dhaval Jivanji, Katiana Vazquez-Rivera, Karis Buford, Arshia Sandozi, Mariela Martinez, Allison Polland, Varsha Sinha, Ervin Teper, and Ariel Schulman Dhaval JivanjiDhaval Jivanji More articles by this author , Katiana Vazquez-RiveraKatiana Vazquez-Rivera More articles by this author , Karis BufordKaris Buford More articles by this author , Arshia SandoziArshia Sandozi More articles by this author , Mariela MartinezMariela Martinez More articles by this author , Allison PollandAllison Polland More articles by this author , Varsha SinhaVarsha Sinha More articles by this author , Ervin TeperErvin Teper More articles by this author , and Ariel SchulmanAriel Schulman More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003247.06AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Women present with more advanced disease and have worse bladder cancer outcomes than men because of social and biological differences. Yet, little is known about how race affects bladder cancer in women. We sought to explore the impact of Black race on women presenting with bladder cancer in the United States. METHODS: The National Cancer Database (NCDB) Hospital Comparison Benchmark Report (HCBR) was examined. Patients from 1,379 participating hospitals diagnosed with bladder cancer from 2011 to 2020 were included. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between white and Black women. Two proportion Z-tests were conducted to determine differences between the two groups. RESULTS: In total, 634,900 patients with bladder cancer were identified. Women made up 152,729 (24.1%) patients, of which 129,967 (85.1%) were white and 12,639 (8.3%) were Black. Stratified by race and gender, Black women comprised a larger proportion of cases compared to white women (33.4% vs. 23.4%, p < 0.001). Black women were more likely to have Medicaid (8.6% vs. 3.2%, p < 0.001), live in areas with the highest high school dropout rates (27.0% vs. 9.3%, p < 0.001), have a Charlson comorbidity score of 2 or more (16.4% vs. 11.3%, p < 0.001), and receive care locally (<10 miles traveled) (52.5% vs. 40.1%, p < 0.001). A higher proportion of Black women presented with Stage IV disease compared to their white counterparts (13.1% vs. 8.2%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Compared to white women, Black women comprised a larger percentage of race-stratified cases of bladder cancer and had multiple disparities in insurance status, education, comorbidity index, and stage at presentation. Future studies to better understand the prevalence and etiology of these differences are needed to improve the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of women with bladder cancer. Source of Funding: None © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e298 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Dhaval Jivanji More articles by this author Katiana Vazquez-Rivera More articles by this author Karis Buford More articles by this author Arshia Sandozi More articles by this author Mariela Martinez More articles by this author Allison Polland More articles by this author Varsha Sinha More articles by this author Ervin Teper More articles by this author Ariel Schulman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Exploring the Influence of Teacher Qualifications, Classroom Size, Student Age, and Parental Involvement on High School Drop Out Rates in Sukabumi Regency

The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of teacher qualifications, classroom size, student age, and parental involvement on high school dropout rates in Sukabumi Regency. Using data from a survey of high school students in the region, multiple regression analysis was used to examine the relationships between these predictor variables and dropout rates. The results showed that all four predictor variables were significant predictors of dropout rates, with teacher qualifications and student age having the strongest influence. Specifically, having a teaching degree and license, having less than five years of teaching experience, being between the ages of 18 and 20, and larger class sizes were associated with higher dropout rates, while regular communication with teachers was associated with lower dropout rates. These findings suggest that efforts to improve teacher qualifications, reduce class sizes, and increase parental engagement and communication could help reduce high school dropout rates in Sukabumi Regency.

Determinan Ketimpangan Pendidikan Provinsi di Indonesia

In reducing income inequality, of them is by lowering education inequality. Reducing educational inequality is one of the government's policies through a budget of 20% of the APBN and APBD for the education sector. The education budget is to facilitate the community in carrying out education and improve indicators of educational success. This study aims to analyze the determinants of educational inequality in the Province of Indonesia as a recommendation for reducing income inequality. The independent variables that affect income inequality in this research are education inequality, elementary school dropout rate, junior high school dropout rate, GRDP on the basis of constant prices, and government spending on education. The research method uses fixed effect panel data (Generalized Least Square), the results of the study show that educational inequality, elementary school dropout rates, and junior high school dropout rates have a significant and positive effect on income inequality, while GRDP is based on constant prices and sectoral government spending education has a significant and negative effect on educational inequality. Keywords: Gini ratio; inequality education; panel data

School connectedness: Comparison between adolescent students with emotional and behavioural disorders and general education students

Adolescents with emotional and behavioural disorders (EBD) continue to struggle in the school environment. They may have difficulty connecting to their school environment as their engagement in challenging behaviour may have led to frequent school removal and high rates of school dropout, resulting in a breakdown of their school connectedness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate levels of school connectedness for adolescents with EBD attending self-contained classrooms and compare them to adolescents in general education. The School Connectedness Questionnaire (SCQ), measuring school bonding, school attachment, school engagement, and school climate, was administered to 50 students with EBD and to 50 general education students ( n = 100). A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted. The results indicated that of the four domains of school connectedness, students with EBD reported significantly higher levels of school climate. These youth also reported significant differences on four specific items representing three of the four construct domains. The results indicate that adolescents with EBD may experience school differently. Researchers should continue to examine specially designed programs for students with EBD that emphasise explicit behavioural and academic expectations and social and emotional skill development and its impact on school connectedness for adolescents with EBD.

Perceived parental alcohol problems and later dropout and grade point average in high school: A register-based follow-up study.

The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that young people with perceived parental alcohol problems have higher dropout rates in high school and lower grade point average (GPA) at graduation compared to young people without perceived parental alcohol problems. Data come from Danish National Youth Study 2014 (n= 62,171), merged with register-data on later dropout of high school and GPA. Multilevel Poisson regression models of incidence rates of dropout and multilevel linear models of GPA were used to assess the association with perceived parental alcohol problems. A total of 6.6% of the students perceived their parent(s) to have alcohol problems. Young people with perceived parental alcohol problems had higher dropout rate (girls incidence rate ratio 1.83; 95% confidence interval [1.62-2.06]); boys (incidence rate ratio 1.38; 95% confidence interval [1.17-1.64]) and lower grades (GPA: -0.24; 95% confidence interval [-0.32; -0.17]) compared to those without. There was no statistically significant difference between mother's and fathers' alcohol problems in the associations with dropout and GPA. Perceived parental alcohol problems were associated with higher incidence rate ratio of dropout and lower grades within all categories of the socioeconomic factors. Our results show that young people with perceived parental alcohol problems have higher high school dropout rates and lower grades compared to those without perceived parental alcohol problems across gender and socioeconomic position. The results call for evidence-based interventions to support young people with parental alcohol problems in the educational system.