High Rate Of Innovation Research Articles

The impact of trade and globalization on the economic development of nations

The rise of globalization has exacerbated disparities between developing and developed nations. This economic imbalance may be explained through the different export strategies (e.g., commodity vs non-commodity) that countries employ. This paper explores how trade and globalization impacts the economic development of nations with a specific focus on how different export strategies impact outcomes. Focusing on one developing nation, Bolivia in Latin America, and one developed nation, the United States, this paper provides an explanation of why exporting non-commodities leads to greater development. Fundamental learnings to support this include the promotion of more diversity in a workplace, higher rates of innovation, higher-skilled jobs, higher national wages, better working conditions, and non-value detracting FDI. It also enables countries to specialize in goods or services that they have comparative advantage in, in order to foster greater revenue. This research allows for essential insights into notions for development trajectories; developing nations can adapt their export strategies by diversifying into manufactured goods, increasing government expenditure into the secondary sector, and capitalizing on natural resources by revising resource-extracting trade agreements.

Innovation activity and the outcomes of B2C, B2B, and B2G E-Commerce in EU countries

This study quantifies the relationships between innovation activity and the outcomes of business-to-consumer (B2C), business-to-business (B2B), and business-to-government (B2G) e-commerce by companies and the economic development of EU member countries. The relationship of e-commerce with innovation activities and the economic development of countries was evaluated. The analysis input was represented by annual data from the EU from 2013 to 2021, and the indicators of the e-commerce companies (where B2C, B2B, and B2G represent one variable) were classified according to company size. Twelve e-commerce indicators were analyzed in total. The panel regression analysis confirmed that a higher rate of innovation is associated with a higher rate of e-commerce, which, in turn, is associated with a higher rate of economic development in countries. Most of the relationships explored were confirmed. Nevertheless, when specifying them, it is necessary to consider the specifics of B2C and B2B with B2G. The the cluster analysis demonstrated that Bulgaria and Romania are among the countries that should pay more attention to this issue.

Information support in the system of maintenance and repair of forage harvesters in agriculture

In agriculture of the republic, modern harvesting machines are used, which are characterized by the presence of a large number of complex and diverse technical systems, a high rate of innovation in the design of combines, and the widespread use of electronic control systems.Based on the research of domestic and foreign scientists, it was revealed that the electronic information system for servicing harvesters is able to effectively perform its functions if it promptly takes into account all changes in the design of combines and has full information about all new methods of service and repair approved by manufacturers.

Evolutionary radiation of mid-Holocene lanceolate points from the highlands of the South Central Andes

Through phylogenetic reconstruction this work  analyzes the  diversification of  lanceolate points of the South Central Andes   which began in the early Holocene and spanned the entire mid- Holocene. Based on a regional-scale data, we   discuss the links between the increasing mid-Holocene risk conditions, the patterns of diversification of point lineages, demographic change and animal resources consumption. We distinguish a first instance of greater diversity of points, a higher rate of innovation and less class longevity. These trends progressively stabilized, giving rise to a pattern of  less innovation, decreasing taxa diversity  and greater class longevity as well as an age-related extinction pattern. We show that as projectile points diversified,hunting efficiency increased along the mid-Holocene by the increased representation of  high-return fauna in the regional zooarchaeological record.  We suggest that this diversification of  lanceolate points was an adaptive evolutionary radiation which began with the increase in the rate of innovation for coping with the increasing risk of the beginning of mid-Holocene in the South Central Andes. From this we conclude that technological innovation was a prerequisite for the human specialization in camelid hunting and for the development of a highly economically efficient foraging strategy in the south Andean  highlands

Can Markets Improve Recycling Performance? A Cross-Country Regression Analysis and Case Studies

Can recycling reduce negative externalities created by landfills? Environmentalists argue yes; however, the efficiency of recycling will be institutionally contingent. Entrepreneurs will face less barriers to profit from recycling in countries with more economic freedom. Additionally, recycling conducted by private firms will be more cost-effective and have higher rates of innovation in recycling technology relative to a nationalized industry. The purpose of this study is to test these claims. First, a two-way fixed effects regression model is estimated using panel data from 34 countries over the years 2000 to 2019. Our regression results show that increases in economic freedom have a positive effect on recycling rates, independent of related policy effects. Second, using two brief case studies of the Republic of Korea and Taiwan, we show how the inefficiencies of bureaucratic management suggest that private industry can be a less costly solution to encouraging recycling. The empirical results and case studies strongly suggest that increases in economic freedom can be an important mechanism for increasing recycling rates, and private industry involvement in existing recycling programs can limit unnecessary costs.

THEORETICAL PRESUMPTIONS OF THE CREATIVE INDUSTRIES INNOVATION PRODUCTIVITY PERFORMANCE

The development of the concept of creative industries is related to the contribution of culture and creativity to the economy. Creative industries are often associated with innovation.Scientific literature reveals that creative business is more innovative compared to other sectors of the economy. Some authors also note that when assessing the level of innovation, the companies that are closely related to creative industries tend to have higher innovation rates. The concept of creativity is closely related to the major purpose of innovation, i.e. problem solving, while synergy between creativity and economy formulates creative industries theory. Based on the literature, problem solution requires creativity, and some solutions can inspire the emergence of innovation. The major purpose of this article is to provide the theoretical presumptions of the creative industries innovation productivity performance. Applying the method of comparative literature analysis, this article presents a conceptual model that allows to evaluate and compare countries economies in terms of the productivity in the creative industries innovation performance.

Проблема экономического развития как теоретическая основа концепции экономического прорыва

The problems of providing economic growth are particularly acute for the countries of the world economy at present. This is notably due to rather aggressive and rapidly changing external environment and high flow rate of intra-country and inter-country innovation. However, the problem of economic growth and economic development is not new; it has been studied by the representatives of various economic schools for several centuries. The article considers the main milestones in the evolution of theoretical ideas on the phenomenon of economic growth and economic development as a necessary condition for the formation of the author’s approach to the problem of economic breakthrough (the breakthrough economic development). Breakthrough socio-economic development is characterized in the paper as the development based on innovations, involving the implementation of the major transformations in the fundamental characteristics of the separate industries and the national economy as a whole, transforming its structure and organizational and managerial sub-systems. The author substantiates that it is expedient to consider breakthrough development as an estimated characteristic of a country’s development (indicators of its socio-economic development) in a global context, that is, relative to other countries of the world economy. Such development is possible due to the mobilization and redistribution of all necessary resources to science-intensive industries, which will ensure the enhancement of competitiveness and technological independence of the country and its world leadership in the breakthrough areas.

Development of a Long-Term Strategy of Lavochkin Association for the Period up to 2025 and the Prospect up to 2030

Modern processes of industrial changes in the economy are characterized by a high rate of innovation in production. This is especially true for high-tech sectors of the economy where competition is very high and is largely determined by global corporations and markets. Resourcing and the formation of forward-looking areas of activity through the searching and finding a balance in the use of limited resources by management in the process of innovative development of the enterprise predetermined the need to develop a long-term strategy for the enterprise. The article concludes that the processes of innovative and technological development of high-tech enterprises are possible only with the appropriate corporate culture and teamwork of personnel involved in development projects. Alignment of goals and objectives during the process of strategic development of a high-tech enterprise requires consideration of innovation cycles and trends of the global economy. This can be realized only within the framework of long-term resource planning and the formation of the innovative potential of personnel with unique competencies.

Decarbonization and Transition to the Post-Lignite Era: Analysis for a Sustainable Transition in the Region of Western Macedonia

For many decades, the Region of Western Macedonia has been Greece’s energy hub, contributing significantly to electricity supply and national growth with the exploitation of lignite deposits for power generation. Lignite, though, has been banned from EU energy source policies towards achieving CO2 emissions reduction, with profound implications on the economy of the region. Despite the importance of this energy transition, a combinatorial analysis for the area in the coal phase-out regime is missing. Therefore, a combined analysis is performed here, and more specifically, a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis in all the affected sectors, in combination with the examination of the degree of satisfaction with the EU’s energy priorities. The results of the study show that the Region of Western Macedonia has profound strengths and offers many new opportunities during its transition to a new production model. On the other hand, it has high unemployment rates and low rates of competitiveness and innovation. The main threat is the Region’s desertification due to the inability to find sufficient jobs. Considering the Energy Union’s priorities, the Region of Western Macedonia satisfactorily follows the priorities of Europe in its transition to the new production model, with plenty of room for improvement. The analysis performed allows for a just transition strategic planning to minimize social, economic and energy challenges while maximizing sustainable power generation and has implications for all relevant stakeholders, contributing to the implementation of Energy Union governance and climate actions.

Research on Product Innovation Intention Analysis System Model Based on Computational Thinking

The starting point of this study is to improve the realistic problem of high failure rate of product innovation and improve the success rate of product innovation. First, starting from the relationship between user demand and innovation, this study constructs a product innovation-demand screening system model from a macro perspective and describes the circular promotion relationship between demand and innovation. Second, apply computational thinking to further characterize the system model. From the point of view of mining frequent item sets, this paper constructs an analysis model of product innovation intention from a microscopic perspective and makes a correlation analysis of innovation and demand, providing technical support for the combination and screening of innovation and demand. The model runs in a Python environment. This study uses the Apriori algorithm to improve the efficiency of frequent set mining. This model has no specific restrictions on the selected users, the way to select demand data is broad, and the data are easy to obtain. The use of large amounts of data for analysis also reduces the bias of experts and leading users in evaluating and screening innovation intentions. The simulation of the operation and screening efficiency of the product innovation intention analysis model shows that (1) the model runs effectively. (2) The number of innovation intentions screened by the model can be regulated by adjusting only two variables: min_support and min_confidence. However, the number of strong association rules is more sensitive to the adjustment of min_support. (3) The innovation intention analysis model has significantly improved the efficiency of innovation intention screening. (4) Adjusting the innovation portfolio according to the analysis results of innovation intention can make new products more popular.

Multi-sided platforms and innovation: A competition law perspective

We propose a simple theoretical model emphasizing the importance of a multi-sided platform (MSP) in fostering innovation. This model aims to assess the effects of structuring industries around an MSP on innovation dynamics and emphasizes the impact of cross-platform competition. It teaches us how to encourage cross-platform competition in terms of competition policy. The outcome is threefold. To begin, the presence of an MSP is critical for market innovation. Second, our findings indicate that skewed market power in favor of the MSP may stifle innovation in this industry, even if the negative impact on the industry’s rate of innovation is not immediately apparent. Finally, we demonstrate that industries with multiple MSPs have a higher rate of innovation. The model’s conclusions emphasize the critical importance of preserving the contestability of digital markets through competition rules enforcement. Even if the inherent technical characteristics of this industry result in a situation of dominance, competition rules should aim to preserve the possibility of market competition through, among other things, interoperability requirements, data portability requirements, and control of exclusivity clauses.

Human resources optimization with MARS and ANN: Innovation geolocation model for generation Z

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>Human resources (HR) have a key impact on the creation and implementation of modern products, solutions and concepts. Relatively new and rarely undertaken research challenge in enterprise is optimization of HR in the context of their location and requirements for working conditions. A great challenge here is the transparency and reliability of the collected data. In the article, we present a modern approach to knowledge extraction based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines optimizing the availability of HR with a high innovation rate, taking into account their availability time and location. This study was conducted on a group of 5095 young people from the Z generation. A total of 11 variables were analyzed in the context of innovation and presented in this article. The effect of research using machine learning methods is the analysis of the characteristics of generation Z representatives, whose desire is to work in innovative companies. Research results indicate that some regions offer candidates with a higher level and commitment to innovation, and thus make HR more available for the development of innovative products. Chosen models designed by using AI and Operational Research Analytics were presented in the graphic visualization, which is a novelty in the presentation of similar issues in relation to HR.</p>

Application of a Markovian ancestral model to the temporal and spatial dynamics of cultural evolution on a population network

Cultural macroevolution concerns a long-term evolutionary process involving transmission of non-genetic or cultural traits between populations as well as birth and death of populations. To understand the spatial dynamics of cultural macroevolution, we present a one-locus model of cultural diffusion in which a cultural trait is transmitted on a network of populations. Borrowing the method of ancestral backward process from population genetics, our model explores the lineage of a trait variant sampled in the present generation to quantify when and where the variant was invented. Mathematical analysis of the model enables us to predict the distribution of cultural age in each population of the network, estimate the frequencies of trait variants originating from given populations, and discuss the time it takes for a trait variant to diffuse between a given pair of populations. We also perform numerical analysis on random scale-free network of populations to investigate the effect of network topology and innovation rate on the age and origin of variants in each population. The result suggests that trait variants are more likely to derive from a population with higher innovation rate. Our numerical analysis also shows that trait variants invented in populations with higher network-centrality values are likely to be maintained at a higher frequency and transmitted to other populations in a shorter time period.

Modernization Of Professional Education Of Adequate Sociocultural Reality

The article highlights the issues of modernization of vocational education, high rates of technical and technological innovation, the information society, the process of globalization, a new subject of the educational process, a competent model of training.

Is foreign technology acquisition to complement or substitute for internal technology development? A case of manufacturing enterprises in Vietnam

PurposeThis paper aims to examine whether foreign technology acquisition is complementary to internal technology development in the context of a developing country.Design/methodology/approachThe selection model developed by Heckman (1979) was applied with the balanced panel data of manufacturing enterprises from the Annual Enterprise and Technology Surveys from 2012 to 2016 conducted by the Vietnamese General Statistics Organization.FindingsThe results indicate that foreign technology acquisition and internal technology development are complementary innovation options. Particularly, the number of patents granted for manufacturing enterprises positively affects the probability that enterprises acquire foreign technologies. This effect is stronger in cases of high-tech industries than in cases of low-tech industries.Research limitations/implicationsRegarding the relationship between internal technology development and foreign technology acquisition, the findings suggest that adoption of foreign technology acquisition and priority in budget allocation for foreign technology acquisition are different in nature and that budget allocation is a more complex issue and may depend on other factors.Practical implicationsFor developing countries, governments should adopt policies supporting domestic enterprises in acquiring technologies from advanced countries that could complement the locally developed technologies. These supports should focus on the high-tech or high-innovation rate industries.Originality/valueIn the context of a developing economy, the complementary effect of internal technology development and foreign technology acquisition is stronger in cases of the high-tech industries than in cases of the low-tech industries.

Phylogenomic conflict coincides with rapid morphological innovation

Evolutionary biologists have long been fascinated with the episodes of rapid phenotypic innovation that underlie the emergence of major lineages. Although our understanding of the environmental and ecological contexts of such episodes has steadily increased, it has remained unclear how population processes contribute to emergent macroevolutionary patterns. One insight gleaned from phylogenomics is that gene-tree conflict, frequently caused by population-level processes, is often rampant during the origin of major lineages. With the understanding that phylogenomic conflict is often driven by complex population processes, we hypothesized that there may be a direct correspondence between instances of high conflict and elevated rates of phenotypic innovation if both patterns result from the same processes. We evaluated this hypothesis in six clades spanning vertebrates and plants. We found that the most conflict-rich regions of these six clades also tended to experience the highest rates of phenotypic innovation, suggesting that population processes shaping both phenotypic and genomic evolution may leave signatures at deep timescales. Closer examination of the biological significance of phylogenomic conflict may yield improved connections between micro- and macroevolution and increase our understanding of the processes that shape the origin of major lineages across the Tree of Life.

КЛАСТЕРНІ МОДЕЛІ РОЗВИТКУ СКАНДИНАВСЬКИХ КРАЇН

Competitive cluster economic models of development together with cyclical economy are perspective models of regional development in the conditions of globalization. The aim of the article is to study the role of clusters in the development of national and regional economies (for example, the economy of the Scandinavian region), which are part of the modern global economic space. The Scandinavian countries are characterized by high rates of innovation and economic development, high living standards, social protection and welfare. Each Scandinavian country has its own strengths and comparative advantages, and together they form one of the most prosperous regions in the world. The experience of socially oriented Scandinavian countries demonstrates the effectiveness of implementing cluster development models aimed at increasing regional, national and international competitiveness. The scientific methods used in the article were the method of analysis and synthesis, comparative analysis, systematization.Clusters are a new model for the development of innovation and cooperation between countries and regionsThe article examines the experience of the Scandinavian cluster in the development of bioeconomy and circular economy, which can be used by countries with economies in transition and developing countries to increase their competitiveness. The results of the Scandinavian countries for countries with transition economies and developing countries in building an innovative economy also needs a detailed analysis. Bio- and circular economies are actively developing in the Scandinavian cluster, which has led to an increase in employment by 5-15%. The positive experience of the Scandinavian cluster development shows the importance of the regional and local levels in creating new institutional structures for cooperation between firms and government agencies, which pave the way for successful synergy clusters. It is noted that the cluster model of development, based on a circular economy, allows to increase the innovation of the economy, the welfare of the population, as well as reduce waste, develop alternative energy sources and "green" tourism.

Antitrust Investigation against E-Commerce Platforms in Goods Category in India: A Review from Timeliness Perspective

With the entry of e-commerce, the traditional way in which business was conducted in a marketplace has changed considerably. Although, e-commerce offers a multitude of pro-competitive benefits, yet it is vulnerable to anti-competitive practices owing primarily to its characteristic features such as strong network effects, high innovation rates, fast-changing technologies, etc. In this paper, we review antitrust cases against e-commerce platforms in goods category, in light of the fast-moving nature of online businesses and the importance of timeliness in completion of investigation. We have adopted a doctrinal research methodology in this paper. Based on the findings, we suggest that as per the dynamic situation of markets, it is imperative that a time-bound investigation may be completed so that the true picture comes out. We recommend a holistic investigation by the Director General in such cases and the use of negotiated remedies in the form of settlements and commitments.

Servant leadership and employee innovative behaviour: exploring psychological pathways

PurposeDrawing on social exchange theory (SET) and conservation of resource (COR) theory, the purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between servant leadership and employees' innovative behaviour and explore the neglected mediating role of psychological safety and thriving.Design/methodology/approachFollowing cross-sectional research design, data was collected from 347 employees of large size information technology (IT) companies in Pakistan. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique was used for data analysis.FindingsThe results reveal that servant leadership has direct and positive relationship with employees' innovative behaviour. Moreover, psychological safety and thriving partially mediate this relationship.Practical implicationsThis research reinforces the role of servant leadership in organizations striving for a high rate of innovation. Findings of this study suggest managers to practice servant leadership behaviours which enhance employees psychological resources: psychological safety and thriving and prompt them to engage in innovative behaviour.Originality/valueThis research makes novel contribution to the incipient literature by providing first empirical evidence on the simultaneous role of psychological safety and thriving in translating the influence of servant leadership on employees' innovative behaviour.

Technological Innovation and Labor Income Risk

Using administrative data from the United States, we document novel stylized facts regarding technological innovation and the riskiness of labor income. Higher rates of industry innovation are associated with significant increases in labor earnings for top workers. Decomposing this result, we find that own firm innovation is associated with a modest increase in the mean, but also variance, of worker earnings growth. Innovation by competing firms is related to lower, and more negatively skewed, future earnings. We construct a structural model featuring creative destruction and displacement of human capital that replicates these patterns. In the model, higher rates of innovation by competing firms increases the likelihood that both the worker and the incumbent producer are displaced. By contrast, a higher rate of innovation by the worker's own firm increases profits, but is a mixed blessing for workers, as it increases odds that the skilled worker is no longer a good match to the new technology. Estimating the parameters of the model using indirect inference, we find significant welfare losses and hedging demand against innovation shocks. Consistent with our model, we find that these left tail effects are more pronounced for process improvements, novel innovations, and are concentrated in movers rather than continuing workers.