High Rate Of Urbanization Research Articles

Integrating Machine Learning, Land Cover, and Hydrological Modeling to Contribute Parameters for Climate Impacts on Water Resource Management

The purpose of this study is to establish basic policies for managing the impacts of climate change on water resources using the integration of machine learning and land cover modeling. We predicted future changes in land cover within the water management and assessed its vulnerability to climate change. After confirming this vulnerability, we considered measures to improve climate resilience and presented future water resource parameters. We reviewed the finances available to promote climate projects, noting the major river management funds. The future project will serve as a stepping stone to promote climate resilience projects addressing water resource challenges exacerbated by future climate change. The study examined the results of analyzing changes in land cover maps due to climate change and assessed vulnerability in water management areas until 2050. According to the analysis results, the regulations for our study areas were set lower than those for other water management zones, resulting in a high rate of urbanization. Therefore, the climate resilience project in the water management area should be implemented first, despite the need for a long-term view in adapting to climate change.

Construction engineering in China under green Transition: Policy research Topic clusters and development forecasts

China’s construction engineering market is gradually transitioning towards high-quality development, driven by policies such as green and low-carbon. Identifying research topics for China’s construction engineering policy and predicting future research trends are crucial for policymakers to make informed decisions and promote the transformation of the construction industry. This study combines Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model (ARIMA) to analyze more than 6,500 relevant literature abstracts. The LDA model identified 11 key topics, with the five hottest topics conceptualized with trend prediction. ARIMA-based trend forecasts show that these topics will continue to grow over the next two years. Energy Consumption in Construction (Topic 2) is caused by the urgency of transforming China’s construction industry. The environmental impacts of green construction (Topic 6) are due to the sustainability potential of the green construction model. The relationship between urbanization, the economy and the environment (Topic 7) was prompted by the discussion that the relationship between them is still unclear. The use of recyclable materials in construction (Topic 8) is a result of resource depletion and environmental degradation. The relationship between urbanization and ecosystems (Topic 9) was prompted by the environmental problems associated with China’s high rate of urbanization. These findings reveal the focus and development trend of construction engineering transformation in China and provide feedback to policy makers and companies from the perspective of experts and scholars. The accuracy of the predictions can be further improved in the future through data updates and multi-modeling combinations.

Evaluation of the impact of land use ratios and cover materials in settlement design on stormwater runoff

Due to higher levels of urbanization and increasing impermeable hard land covers, green spaces are decreasing, resulting in stormwater loss as surface runoff instead of being absorbed by soil and reintroduced into the water cycle. This study investigates the effect of land use ratios and land cover materials resulting from settlement design on surface runoff volume. The study was conducted using various scenarios in 9 settlements with different land use ratios, including roofs, sidewalks, parking areas, roadways, and green areas in Istanbul, a city with a high urbanization rate. Thus, surface runoff volume in settlements depending on the land use ratios was evaluated. A total of 336 material combinations were developed using various material alternatives in addition to different land use ratios. Therefore, the effect of different land cover materials used in the settlements on surface runoff volume was also evaluated. Study requirements were taken into consideration when choosing the calculation method, and the Rational Method, often preferred for calculating surface runoff volumes in small urban basins, was chosen. According to the calculation results obtained from the settlements developed for this study, surface runoff volume can be reduced by 37.10 % by increasing only the green space ratio and by 67.65 % by using different material alternatives in the same settlement. Additionally, it was observed that each improvement made to reduce surface runoff in settlements resulted in a positive change.

Impact of Free Trade (Pilot) Zone Establishment on Urban Land Use Efficiency—Empirical Evidence from Cities in China

The establishment of the Free Trade (Pilot) Zone (FTZ) is a new attempt by China to embark on modern sustainable urban planning and governmental territorial management at the development stage of a high-quality economy. As urban lands serve as the limited resource foundation for civic production and livelihoods, enhancing land use efficiency becomes a key measure to facilitate metropolitan economies of high quality. Utilizing panel data from prefecture-level cities spanning from 2005 to 2021, this study constructs a multi-period difference-in-differences model to explore the impact of FTZs on urban land use efficiency (ULUE). The results indicate that FTZs can significantly enhance urban land use efficiency, with a more pronounced policy effect observed in central cities, inland cities, and cities with higher urbanization rates. Furthermore, the FTZs also demonstrate spatial spillover effects on urban land use efficiency. This study holds great significance for relevant government departments in formulating policies to optimize land resource allocation, promote FTZ development, and foster high-quality urban planning and territorial management.

Evaluating the Spatial-Temporal Dynamics of Urbanization in Prefecture Cities of China Using SNPP-VIIRS Nighttime Light Remote Sensing Data

Ensuring the well-being of urban communities hinges on sustainable urban planning strategies informed by current data, particularly in China since urbanization has been one of the most significant demographic shifts in recent decades. Therefore, our research aimed to evaluate the spatio-temporal dynamics of urbanization and sub urbanization across prefecture and provincial levels in China by utilizing consistent SNPP-VIIRS-like and NPP-VIIRS nighttime data spanning the years 2000 to 2020. The k-means method was applied to derive urban and sub urban features from above datasets. The findings uncovered a significant expansion of urban entities at the prefecture level, escalating from 16,209 km2 to 89,631 km2 over the specified period showing a 5% growth. Among five main urban agglomerations, the Yangtze River Delta stands out with the highest urbanization rate, witnessing a remarkable expansion of urban entities from 2,684 km2 to 41,465 km2. This growth reflects an average growth rate of 72.2% per annum. The analysis revealed that the overall area of suburbs expanded from 59,151 km2 to 120,339 km2 between 2012 and 2020 indicating a proportional growth rate ranging from 0.4% to 1.9%. The peak growth rate of suburbs was recorded between 2012 and 2014, reaching 18%. Guizhou, Hunan, and Hubei provinces have exhibited growth rates of 334%, 258%, and 246% respectively while Beijing, Guangdong, Tianjin, and Shanghai have experienced relatively low growth rates of 50%, 56%, 46%, and 17%. The analysis of urban growth with GDP, population, and electricity consumption revealed an inverse relationship during the specified period. Therefore, the findings of this research can provide immense support to sustainable urban planning initiatives at both the provincial and prefecture-level cities in China. The findings can assist city planning authorities in making informed decisions regarding optimizing resource distribution, all while prioritizing the preservation of ecological footprint within urban environments. Also, the limitations addressed in our study must be taken into account in future research works aimed at deriving reliable urban extraction results using nighttime light remote sensing data.

Gentrification outcomes of greening in different urbanization stages: A longitudinal analysis of Chinese cities, 2012–2020

Green-space-triggered gentrification, wherein original residents are displaced by wealthier individuals owing to the creation of new green spaces, has been criticized for exacerbating environmental injustice. While previous studies have explored green-space-triggered gentrification in individual cities, few have examined heterogeneities across multiple cities, especially in developing countries where cities are at different stages of expansion. The roles of green space in different stages of urbanization can produce varying outcomes of gentrification. This study investigated the relationship between green space and gentrification in Chinese cities from 2012 to 2020. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), distance to adjacent parks, and area of adjacent parks were used as indicators of green space, while nighttime lights and residential land prices were used as proxies for gentrification. Nationwide analyses indicated that both increasing NDVI and building new parks nearby could lead to gentrification, but the park area had a marginal effect. Stratified analyses further showed that the effect of green space on gentrification was related to the different roles of green space associated with the stage of urbanization. Cities with higher urbanization rates were more affected by NDVI but less affected by park distance. Our findings provide insights for urban planners and decision-makers on developing localized strategies that mitigate the varying outcomes of gentrification at different stages of urban development.

Understanding the Tourist Gaze in John Urry's Sociological Theory

Tourism as a mass phenomenon began to be actively studied by sociologists in the second half of the 20th century. A special place among the sociological approaches to this phenomenon of the specified historical period is occupied by the concept of tourism by British researcher John Urry, one of the most prominent representatives of modern sociological theory. The scientist considers tourism in the context of social and economic changes taking place in Western societies after the end of World War II: significant economic growth, very high rates of urbanization, increased consumption, improved transport infrastructure, transformation of social attitudes. The main work, which outlines the key provisions of the concept of the tourist gaze, is the publication "The Tourist Gaze". Subsequently, this book has been updated twice, taking into account new social trends, phenomena and processes. The author explores the concept of tourism by J. Urri using general scientific methods of cognition, as well as genetic, comparative historical and other methods that reveal the specifics of the scientist's approach. The author's special contribution to the research of the topic lies in the fact that the theoretical and methodological foundations of John Urry's concept of tourism were identified, its specificity and the evolution of the scientist's views were demonstrated. The article examines the key elements of this theory, reveals its heuristic potential, and highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the British sociologist's research approach. Despite the criticism presented, the approach developed by John Urry, his conceptual apparatus and analytical tools indicate the high importance of his works for modern sociological theory. The concept of the tourist view remains relevant, which is confirmed, in particular, by the presence of followers who continue to make a significant contribution to the expansion and deepening of the theoretical and empirical analysis of tourism, based on the ideas proposed by Urri.

Green-gray imbalance: Rapid urbanization reduces the probability of green space exposure in early 21st century China

Green space exposure provides greater beneficial effects on residents compared to unnatural spaces, commonly referred to as “gray spaces”. However, during rapid urbanization, gray spaces expand more quickly than green spaces, often encroaching upon and overtaking these natural environments. This unchecked growth leads to detrimental impacts on the human habitat and overall environmental quality. Consequently, it is essential to meticulously assess the spatial and temporal patterns of residents' exposure levels, as well as to thoroughly investigate the underlying driving mechanisms behind these changes. This study used population-weighted exposure level measurements to assess gray and green space exposure in Chinese cities in the early 21st Century (2000–2019). Additionally, the Gray-Green space Exposure Ratio (GER) was calculated, and the spatiotemporal driving mechanism of GER by each factor was analyzed by geostatistical modeling. The results show that gray space exposure is generally increasing in China, especially in eastern parts of China. The probability of exposure to gray spaces exceeds that of green spaces in some high urbanization rate cities. This trend will continue, albeit at a slower rate. Urban sprawl, built-up area density, and increased electricity consumption were the main drivers of rising GER, whereas greenspace integrity contributed to lower GER; the driving mechanisms for GER changes were spatiotemporal heterogeneous. This study provides a reliable reference for restoring the green space exposure to promote the living environment constructing and residents' access to nature.

Urban amenity and urban economic resilience: evidence from China.

Under the influence of multiple uncertain factors at home and abroad, urban amenities, as the underlying support for urban renewal activities, are of great significance in enhancing urban economic resilience. The panel data of Chinese cities from 2011 to 2019 is used in this study. Urban amenity is measured from artificial amenities and climate amenities, respectively. By using a two-way fixed effects model, we empirically test the impact of urban amenities on urban economic resilience. The key findings of this study are as follows. (1) Urban amenities can significantly enhance urban economic resilience. (2) Heterogeneity analysis shows that there are regional differences in the role of urban amenities in promoting urban economic resilience, with cities in the eastern region, strong environmental regulations, and high urbanization rates benefiting more. (3) We further find that urban amenities mainly enhance economic resilience by promoting population agglomeration, attracting labor migration, improving the quality of human capital, and stimulating urban innovation. Our conclusions recommend to rationally allocate and optimize urban amenity resources, strengthen urban planning and construction management, and create a more livable urban environment, thereby enhancing urban economic resilience.

Prediction of surface urban heat island in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam using remote sensing and logistic regression model

Urban heat island is a concerning environmental issue in major cities, particularly in Ho Chi Minh City. With a high rate of urbanization, the city’s extensive impervious surface area contributes to land surface temperature increase, leading to the expansion of the urban heat island phenomenon. This study was conducted in the Ho Chi Minh city region from 2009 to 2020, images from Landsat 5 (TM) and Landsat 8 (OLI/TIRS) satellites were employed to estimate land surface temperature (LST), examine the spatial distribution of the urban heat island (SUHI), and analyze changes in impervious surface area (ISA). A logistic regression model was established to predict the relationship between SUHI and ISA, with the percentage of ISA calculated by the Kernel Density Estimation method (KDE). The results revealed that the impervious surface area in the city doubled from 2009 to 2020, accounting for 29.54% of the city’s area, which correlated with a significant expansion of SUHI from 37,000 ha to 53,000 ha. The SUHI predicting model exhibited good discrimination ability (AUC = 0.98) and total accuracy of 96% through Hosmer & Lemeshow Test in R. The probability of the predicted SUHI showed a high correlation (R2 = 0.885) with the actual SUHI. In areas where ISA increased from 60% to 80%, the probability of SUHI occurrence also increased from 52.85% to 98%. This study presented a novel approach, utilizing statistical modeling to accurately quantify SUHI based on changes in impervious surface density. This method can contribute to an effective evaluation of heat-related health risks, provide the government and urban planners with a precise orientation in management toward sustainable development.

The environmental consequences of national Audit governance: An analysis based on county-level data in China

Recent years have witnessed growing public concern over air pollution in China, posing a challenge to the government's environmental management efforts. Empirical evidence indicates that the digital economy contributes to mitigating environmental pollution. Given that national audits are a crucial part of the national oversight system and considering the significant role of digital technology in audit governance, it is relevant to explore how the digital economy can support national audits in enhancing China's environmental quality. This study investigates the environmental impact of national audit governance, utilizing a dataset from 1540 counties in China spanning from 2005 to 2018. The findings reveal that effective national audits contribute to reducing haze pollution (HP) levels, with the digital economy playing a moderating role. The results also demonstrate heterogeneity; national audits are particularly effective in regions characterized by high urbanization rates, severe HP, and stringent environmental regulations. The mechanism analysis suggests that industrial transformation and enhanced government governance are the key mechanisms through which national audits reduce regional HP. Additionally, reforming the audit management system can amplify the effects of national audits on reducing HP.

The heterogeneous air pollution response to shrunk socio-economic activities in 28 major northern cities of China

Heterogeneity in air quality response to implemented measures is apparent in many studies, yet the role of regional socio-economic features in the response mechanism remains unclear. This study uses empirical method to identify the direct impact of socio-economic factors on the response to interventions of economy. We constructed a counterfactual model using machine learning methods to quantitatively assess dynamic changes in air pollution based on multiple socio-economic drivers. We find that economy interventions have indeed had an apparent but temporary impact on air quality in northern China. NO2 concentrations decreased by 45.98%, 22.81%, and 0.2%, respectively, at different policy stages, while PM2.5 decreased by 38.66%, 21.63%, and 3.62%, respectively, on average. In contrast, O3 increased by 18.62% and then returned to normal levels. We also find the heterogeneous effect of air pollutants on human activity restrictions in cities with hierarchical socio-economic backgrounds. Highly industrialized cities face greater difficulties in reducing emissions, and cities with a higher urbanization rate may have a more urgent need to take action on O3 governance. Factors such as regional economic development level, industrial structure and urbanization should be considered as important indicators in the development of hierarchical environmental control policies. Our results shed light on the dynamic changes in air pollution due to reduced socio-economic activities, and the heterogeneity between cities should be taken into account when formulating future policies in response to major events and climate change.

Application of multi-criteria decision-making on low-impact development practice selection for the Kinyerezi River sub-catchments in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

The impermeable areas in catchments are proportional to peak flows that result in floods in river reaches where the flow-carrying capacity is inadequate. The high rate of urbanization witnessed in the Kinyerezi River catchment in Dar es Salaam city has been noted to contribute to floods and siltation in the Msimbazi River. The Low-Impact Development (LID) practices that includes bio-retention (BR) ponds, rain barrels (RBs), green roofs (GRs), etc. can be utilized to mitigate portion of the surface runoff. This study aims to propose suitable LID practices and their sizes for mitigating runoff floods in the Kinyerezi River catchment using the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) approach. The results indicated that the BR and RBs were ranked high in capturing the surface runoff while the sediment control fences were observed to be the best in reducing sediments flowing into the BR. The proposed BR ponds were greater than 800 m2 with 1.2 m depth while RB sizes for Kinyerezi and Kisungu secondary schools and Kinyerezi and Kifuru primary schools were 2,730; 2,748; 1,385; and 1,020 m3, respectively. The BR ponds and RBs are capable of promoting water-demanding economic activities such as horticulture, gardening, car washing while reducing the school expenses and runoff generation.

Assessing the impacts of urbanization and climate change on urban drainage system

AbstractUrban flooding is one of the significant issues that many cities are dealing with to ensure sustainable development. Upgrading the drainage systems is a standard measure that engineers have often used to reduce the risk of flooding. Because of climate change and urbanization, stormwater management systems may be inadequate to convey generated overflow in their catchment, which results in severe flooding in many cities worldwide. This research investigates climate change and urbanization's influence on urban flooding by simulating the EPA Stormwater Management Model for drainage systems in an urban catchment in An Ha, Tam Ky, Quang Nam. The results showed that urbanization shortens the initial abstraction ability while climate change increases extreme rainfall and water levels of receiving sources. Additionally, the impacts are even more substantial when the high urbanization rate increases by more than 70%, together with climate change.

IJCM_190A: A cross sectional study to find out risk factors for non-communicable diseases among residents of Raipur City, Chhattisgarh.

Background: In India, due to high rates of urbanization and economic improvement, there is a shift in disease spectrum from communicable to non-communicable diseases. In a study made by khan etal 2015 at Bilapsur, Chhattisgarh prevalence of stroke was 67.6% due to infarct and 32.4 % had hemorrhage (ICH). The percentages of young stroke (< 45 yrs) were 12.5% (n=35). About 7.1% (n=20) and 5.3% (n=15) in males and females respectively. Thus, early detection will reduce the burden and cost of diseases in the family, community and on the nation. Objectives: A cross sectional study to find out risk factors for non- communicable diseases among residents of Raipur City, Chhattisgarh. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Raipur City of Chhattisgarh state during the month October 23-January 2024. A pre-designed, self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Systematic Random sampling technique was adopted to select the 350 Study participants. Results: The majority of subjects were between the ages of 30 and 40. Females constituted 55.3% of the subjects, while males accounted for 44.7%. Additionally, 45.6% of participants had completed primary schooling. Preobesity was observed in 58.8% of males and 51.7% of females.84.7% of study subjects were not engaging in physical activity, 89.1% were consuming an unhealthy diet, 97.6% were using tobacco, and 94.5% were consuming alcohol, all of which contributed to a raised BMI. There is a significant association between tobacco and alcohol use with BMI, where p-values are 0.001 and 0.005, respectively, which is <0.005 and df is 01 for both. Conclusion: As per this study, Pre-obese were found in 58.8% of males and 51.7% of females Awareness regarding healthy behavioral pattern and healthy diet should be inculcated in population through various awareness activity like mass media camping and increase taxes on unhealthy food items.

Exploring the Slum Formation in Medan: A Literature Review in Urban Planning and Society

This article delves into the intricate issue of slum formation in Medan, Indonesia, exploring the challenges and opportunities in addressing this pressing urban problem. Drawing from a comprehensive literature review in urban planning and society, it elucidates the multifaceted factors contributing to the emergence of slums in Medan. These factors include high urbanization rates, limited access to basic amenities, low socioeconomic conditions, and inadequate spatial planning. Moreover, the article examines the adverse impacts of slum areas on both society and the environment, encompassing social, economic, and environmental ramifications. Despite facing complex challenges, there are opportunities to enhance the effectiveness of slum area mitigation programs in Medan. Collaborative efforts across sectors, utilization of technology, and community empowerment emerge as pivotal strategies in tackling this issue. Through strong partnerships among government agencies, NGOs, the private sector, and local communities, along with the application of innovative technological solutions in planning and implementation, a more holistic and integrated approach to slum area mitigation can be achieved. In emphasizing the importance of a comprehensive and sustainable approach to addressing slum areas, this article underscores the significance of collective action in designing solutions. By leveraging collaborative efforts and innovative approaches, it aims to foster the creation of inclusive, sustainable, and humane urban environments for all residents of Medan.

Agricultural land use in Vietnam in the context of urbanization: status and policy implications

Abstract This article generalizes the urbanization process and its impact on agricultural land use in Vietnam. The high rate of urbanization has led to a great demand for purchasing agricultural products, especially high-quality ones, and as a result, this affects agricultural development. On one hand, it offers new chances to expand the domestic market and to encourage exports. On the other hand, the conversion of agricultural land into non-agricultural land under accelerated urbanization leads to a large area of arable land being abandoned or polluted, consequently affecting food security and sustainable development. Therefore, to meet the people’s food needs in the context of urbanization, it is necessary to have proper solutions to improve the efficiency of agricultural land use, such as: implementing land laws aimed at developing agricultural production in the direction of large-scale, concentrated commodities; executing land-use planning, performing agricultural production planning towards specialized cultivation with a stable term to ensure profitable investment; boosting the restructuring of the agricultural sector; developing collective and cooperative economics in agriculture; having policies to support, forecast, and search for markets for consumption and the processing of agricultural products; creating a transparent land-use rights market.

The digital economy, market integration and environmental gains

Environmental governance has always been a focus of academic discourse. Innovatively, this study explores the environmental gains of the digital economy through the lens of market integration. Here, we provide several novel findings using staggered difference-in-differences and dynamic spatial Durbin models based on urban panel data from China from 2011 to 2019. First, the digital economy significantly improves air pollution, resulting in environmental gains for neighboring cities. Second, a heterogeneity analysis shows that the digital economy's environmental gains are more pronounced in regions with high endowment structures and urbanization rates. Finally, our mechanism analysis indicates that as commodity market segmentation and capital factor market distortion increase, the digital economy becomes more capable of improving air quality. The alleviation of capital factor market distortion and commodity market segmentation emerges as the mechanism through which the digital economy exerts its environmental gains.

Nature’s therapeutic power: a study on the psychophysiological effects of touching ornamental grass in Chinese women

The health of city residents is at risk due to the high rate of urbanization and the extensive use of electronics. In the context of urbanization, individuals have become increasingly disconnected from nature, resulting in elevated stress levels among adults. The goal of this study was to investigate the physical and psychological benefits of spending time in nature. The benefits of touching real grass and artificial turf (the control activity) outdoors with the palm of the hand for five minutes were measured. Blood pressure and electroencephalography (EEG) as well as State-trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scores, and the semantic differential scale (SDM) were used to investigate psychophysiological responses. Touching real grass was associated with significant changes in brainwave rhythms and a reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to touching artificial turf. In addition, SDM scores revealed that touching real grass increased relaxation, comfort, and a sense of naturalness while decreasing anxiety levels. Compared to the control group, the experimental group had higher mean scores in both meditation and attentiveness. Our findings indicate that contact with real grass may reduce physiological and psychological stress in adults.

Can technological innovations contribute to more overcome the issue of poverty reduction in africa?

Although recent years have shown that innovation can also thrive in economies where the challenges of absolute poverty and inequality remain long-standing problems, the effects of innovation on poverty reduction has remained a largely unexplored field of investigation. . So this study assesses the effect of technological innovations on poverty reduction using a panel of 36 sub-Saharan African countries over the period 2008 to 2019. More specifically, the study examines the influence of technological innovation on poverty reduction. Using the principal component analysis (PCA) we constructed an indicator of the use, adoption and adaptation of technological innovations and that of multidimensional poverty. After applying several estimation techniques for panel data such as fixed effects, Driscoll and Kraay, kiviet (2020), Lewbel two stage least square (Lewbel 2SLS), mediating effects, the results shows that technological innovations significantly reduce poverty in sub-Saharan Africa. Our results survive several robustness checks. Taking into account the level of urbanization, it appears that technological innovations reduce poverty in countries with low urbanisation rates and increase it in countries with high urbanization rates. Finally, the analysis of mediation effects suggests that almost 30 % of the total effect of the use, adoption and adaptation of technological innovations on multidimensional poverty reduction is through the improvement of productivity in the industrial sector while 62.5 % is through the productivity of the agricultural sector. These results imply that poverty reduction policies in sub-Saharan Africa need to refocus on capacity building in the use, adoption and adaptation of technological innovations, particularly in the agricultural and industrial sectors.