High Rate Of Development Research Articles

«ЗОЛОТИЙ ВІК»: ІНТЕГРАЦІЯ ІТАЛІЙСЬКОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ У ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКИЙ РИНОК (1951–1973 РР.)

The article is devoted to the development of the Italian economy in 1951–1973, which is recognized by researchers as the most successful period in the economic history of independent Italy, and which coincided with the first two decades of its European integration. The division of the economic history of Italy for 1951–1973 into three stages was proposed. In the first stage (1951–1957) Italy joined the European Coal and Steel Union (ECSU). Together with the admission, Italy has undertaken to change trade legislation toward liberalization, reduce quotas and tariff rates. At the same time, the Italian Government developed a program of accelerated development of some sectors of heavy industry, including metallurgy, based on the availability of cheap coal and technologies from other countries of the European Union, as well as on the emergence of promising markets for sales. The second stage (1958–1963) was reached for the first years after Italy joined the European Economic Community (EEC). This stage is known in the historiography as “economic miracle”, or “economic boom”, due to extremely high rates of economic development. It is argued that the factor of European integration has become a significant impetus for the development and transformation of Italy. As a result of the deliberate economic policy, the EEC countries have become Italy’s main trading partners. The third stage (1958–1973) is characterized by the rationalization of economic management, as well as by the gradual slowdown in economic growth. There signs of stagnation began to emerge, and they became evident after the failure to fulfil the goals of economic development of the country. A number of economic indicators demonstrate the beginning of a change in the type of Italian economy from industrial to post–industrial. However, this process had a negative impact on the pace of economic development. In general, the changes in the Italian economy during 1951–1973 were not only quantitative but also structural. Italy is an example of a semi–agrarian, under–developed country, that was in a state of post–war recovery with limited financial and natural resources, but with the help of its competent economic policy and European integration, it has become a developed industrial country, which has taken a leading place in the newly created the European common market.

МАЛОИЗВЕСТНЫЕ ПРЯНО-АРОМАТИЧЕСКИЕ ВИДЫ РАСТЕНИЙ РОДА AGASTACHE В КУЛЬТУРЕ (РЕСПУБЛИКА БАШКОРТОСТАН)

This paper presents the results of an introductory study of two species of Agastache Clayt. ex Gronov genus: A. mexicana (Kunth) Lint & Epling and A. rupestris (Greene) Standl. The research was con- ducted in the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute (Bashkir Cis-Urals, northern forest-steppe). Agastache are aromatic, medicinal, decorative and flowering plants. The seasonal rhythm of growth and development, morphometric parameters were studied, the success rate of introduction was assessed. Agastache belong to the group of spring-summer-autumn-green plants with a period of winter rest, spring awakening period and late summer flowering period. Spring shoot growth is in early May, on average; for A. rupestris, the budding phase is on 19.07, for A. mexicana it is on 23.07; for A. rupestris, the flowering starts on 25.07, for A. mexicana, it begins on 04.08. The flowering period of Agastache species lasts 35 days, so they are classified as long-flowering plants. The species go through a full life cycle, including the formation of full seeds. Plants demonstrate high rates of growth and development, forming a developed green top, but cannot winter in the open ground. Species reproduce through seeds in spring. The introductory study has shown that Agastache species are promising for cultivation and can be used for creating fragrant gardens, as a medicinal raw material in folk medicine and as a seasoning in cooking.

On the way to building a theory of media education: a systemic approach

Questions regarding the construction of the theory of media education in the context of the systemic approach are considered. The extreme relevance and priority of media education in the world and in Ukraine are determined: the exponential growth of information in modern world, when information appears as a universal and fundamental category, as well as high rates of consumption of media products, extreme saturation of human society with various means of mass information, which leads to actualization spiritual and ideological component of the influence of the media on human consciousness, including with a manipulative purpose; there is a growing need to spread the science of media in the scientific and educational sphere; the incredibly high rates of development of modern technologies and expansion of media production reveal the phenomenon of " half-life of the competences of a modern specialist". Under such conditions, the development of the theory of media education is of considerable importance, which is considered in the context of such theories as critical-formative, media-needing, semiotic, cultural-aesthetic, injection, endocrine, and practical. To achieve the goal of our research, we have used the philosophical principle of the unity of light, being methodological basis for the study of media phenomena, the method of theoretical analysis of the problem field of our research, the general systems theory which made it possible to generalize and deepen some theoretical and methodological aspects of media education, to fill them with new content. In the context of the general systems theory, the authors built a model of a school as a social institution, a model of a person as a subject of psychology, the psychological structure of a personality in accordance with the general systems theory, which made it possible to carry out a systemic correlation of theories of media education and some pedagogical phenomena.

The mediating role of management’s digital transformation in the effect of company website design

Today, the service sector, which shows a high rate of development, produces services in half with other sectors. Health service is the determination of the needs of those who benefit from health-related services, making health services suitable for these needs and encouraging patients to use these services. As a result of digitalization and the spread of the internet, businesses are trying to reach their customers by using this channel. It is also important what the opinions of those who use or see the page about this web service are. In the current age we live in, the rapid advancement of digital technology draws the attention of both consumers in their daily lives and business managers. Keeping up with the digital transformation process is believed to enhance their efficiency. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of the websites created by the companies in the health service marketing on the customer perception. In this context, the results obtained from 400 health consumers residing in Istanbul and benefiting from health services were analyzed by applying ANOVA and t-test, along with the structural equation model. Three of the hypotheses formed were accepted. As a general result, it has been accepted that the visual status of the website to be created, as well as its functionality, have an effect on customer perception. It has been concluded that the appropriately designed Web site has an effect on customer perception. In addition, this study will be able to form an idea about future research and studies.

Multi Drug Resistance and Biofilm Production among Staphylococci Isolates from Clinical Samples at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to determine multidrug resistance and biofilm production among Staphylococcus isolates from clinical samples at Nepal Armed Police Force Hospital, Kathmandu. Methods: A hospital based cross sectional prospective study was conducted at Department of Microbiology, Nepal Armed Police Force Hospital, Balambu, Kathmandu from February to July 2022. A total of 1813 clinical samples were collected and processed in microbiology laboratory. Through cultural and biochemical analysis, Staphylococcus spp. were isolated and identified, and the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used to determine multidrug resistant among isolates. While the Tissue Culture Plate method was employed to detect Staphylococcus spp. that produce biofilm. Results: Out of 1813 clinical samples, 304 (16.7%) exhibited bacterial growth; of these, 135 (44.4%) were Staphylococcus spp, among which 119 (88.1%) were S. aureus, 16 (11.8%) were coagulase negative Staphylococci (CONS) and 114 (84.4%) were MDR. Eighty-one (68.1%) of the 119 S. aureus isolates were methicillin resistant, and 11 (68.8%) of the 16 CONS were also resistant to the methicillin. Eighteen (13.3%) of the 135 Staphylococcus spp. were detected to be strong biofilm producers, 30 (22.2%) moderate, and 87 (64.4%) non or weak biofilm producers. Both biofilm producers and biofilm non-producers were found to be resistant against Ampicillin and Azithromycin. Conclusion: The study reveals higher percentage of MDR among Staphylococcus spp, indicating the need to discourage self-medication, insufficient or over – medication. Moreover, the high rates of biofilm development in MDR Staphylococcus spp and MRSA underscores the need for monitoring of biofilm producers.

ЗНАЧЕННЯ ЗМІСТУ ВИБІРКОВОЇ ДИСЦИПЛІНИ З ТУРИЗМУ

The article defines the main aspects of forming the content of elective professional disciplines based on the example of the educational component “Event tourism”. As a result of the research, the professional competencies of the specialist in event tourism, the content of this discipline and the organizing activities of the students using student-centred, competence-based and personal approaches were determined. The individual educational trajectory in accordance with regulatory documents requires the student of higher education to choose at least 25% of the total number of ECTS. Elective disciplines are offered by the institution of higher education to more fully meet the educational and qualification needs and capabilities of students; fulfil the regional needs for specialists of a certain specialization; effective use of personnel, technical and other resources of the institution of higher education. Candidates choose subjects in blocks for the entire period of study or from a list only for the next academic year. When training tourism specialists, considerable attention is paid to the study of specialized (niche) tourism to increase the effectiveness of the implementation of regional tourism potential. The inclusion of “Event tourism” to the list of elective disciplines is explained by its high rate of development, flexibility and rapid adaptation to relevant conditions, worldwide experience in training students in this field, a wide list of professional activities in a speciality (facilitator, producer of tourist events, manager of event tourism in the destination, etc.). The defined list of competencies affects the formation of the content of the elective discipline. An event tourism manager, on the one hand, is a manager for creating event tours, who must take into account the available event resources, their significance for tourist motivation, and the specifics of event tours. On the other hand, he is a special events manager who knows how to create and promote such a tourism product as an event to attract tourists to the destination.

Comprehensive analysis of the state of the transport infrastructure of the Republic of Kazakhstan

In the modern world, the importance of the transport industry in the economy of each state is increasing. Transport is an important sector of the domestic economy of Kazakhstan, which occupies a significant share in the structure of GDP. The significant territory of the republic and the low population density, the high rate of economic development of Kazakhstan achieved in recent years, form the growing demand for transportation. The state of the transport complex in Kazakhstan is in the zone of special attention of domestic and foreign experts, they have identified its main disadvantages. The article discusses the rationale for the role of transport infrastructure in the development of the territories of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the ways of its development. The study used such research methods as generalization, comparison, systematization and statistical analysis.Within the framework of the work, the role and importance of transport infrastructure were determined, the impact of transport infrastructure development on the country's economy was considered, transit opportunities in the republic were considered, the advantages and disadvantages of Kazakhstan's transport infrastructure were analyzed, transport infrastructure issues and ways to solve it were considered. The issues related to the quality of road repairs and vehicle upgrades in the republic are identified by providing the transport complex with qualified personnel and scientific institutions of the transport profile. As a result of the conducted research, it was proposed to develop international cooperation in the field of transport, that is, to introduce new equipment and technologies, international experience into the country, as well as to attract public and private investments for the implementation of projects provided for by state programs aimed at the development and improvement of infrastructure, construction of new transport facilities and repair of existing transport networks. The results of the research contribute to the development of the theory of transport infrastructure and can be used to prepare lectures on relevant disciplines, as well as serve as a basis for in-depth research.

التكاليف البيئية والتنمية المستدامة ومقتضيات تضمينها للأنشطة الإنتاجية

in man's life and his use of the environment , countless environmental problems occur. in the present , we witness different environmental challenges that became a threat to generations for different reasons ; some are related to values , traditions , and the like which coincided with the economical development that aim at achieving high rates of growth and development at the expense of the right use of natural resources.
 The will to raise the levels of the standards of living related to the exploitation of nature vanishes because of the costs caused by the environmental deterioration which affects health and quality of life.
 This led to the non application of the idea of sustainable development which was declared in the past two decades , and which implied identifying the necessary needs to decrease the privation through an economical growth that keeps the environmental system health and a long-term store of natural resources.
 Through an induction of world states , it has been noticed that the accomplishment of this development failed. And though economical , social , and cultural growth rates have been fulfilled in advanced states ,this increasing growth has been on the expense of achieving luxury to future generation.
 In the less developed states , the problem increases because of the absence of the real will by the advanced states to cooperate , and the relation between them is characterized by domination and exploitation.
 From the above mentioned, the current study emerged to shed light on the environmental costs and sustainable development , and the requirements to incorporate them into productive activities. The study discusses the meaning of development , sustainable development , and then the costs caused by environmental deterioration and the requirements to incorporate the developmental activities.

A Customer Perception of Planet Healthcare Pharmacy

Retailing, it is a developing pattern in the India. In India the retail business has turned into the second biggest boss after farming. The Indian retail market is the 5th biggest retail destination all around. It is assessed to develop from the US $ 266 billion in 2005 to US $ 435 billion by 2010 and US $ 587 billion by 2015. The passage of composed players is changing the substance of the drug store business, which today is exceedingly divided. The retail side too has been posting high development rates. "The aggregate retail drug store business sector will be developing at a rate of around 15 for every penny, while sorted out the retail drug store will be seeing a development of anyplace somewhere around 35 and 40 for every penny," as indicated by Technopak Consultants. In addition, the high edges – somewhere around 25 and 35 %.

Development of small intestine and sugar absorptive capacity in goslings during pre- and post-hatching periods

This study was conducted to investigate the development patterns of small intestine, intestinal morphology, disaccharidase activities, and sugar transporter gene expression in goslings during pre- and post-hatching periods. Small intestine was sampled on embryonic d 23 and 27, day of hatch, and d 1, 4, and 7 post-hatching. A total of 18 eggs with the breed of Jilin White geese were selected at each sampling timepoint for measuring relevant parameters. Three eggs were considered as a group, with 6 groups in each sampling timepoint. Rapid development of small intestine was observed around the hatching, of which jejunum and ileum had relatively higher development rates. Villus surface area from three intestinal segments started to increase on embryonic d 27, and kept relatively stable during day of hatch to d 1 post-hatching, and following increased till d 7 post-hatching. A high priority of villi enrichment was observed in duodenum and jejunum. The activity of disaccharidase increased before hatching and kept relatively high-level post-hatching, of which the activity of disaccharidase was highest in jejunum. The expression of sugar transporter gene increased prior to hatching and then decreased post-hatching, of which jejunum and duodenum were sites with high sugar transporter gene expression. Rapid development in intestinal morphology, disaccharidase activities, and sugar transporter gene expression around the hatching indicated that goslings have high potential to digest and/or assimilate carbohydrates during its early-life, which provided a preparation for further digestion of exogenous feed. This study provided a profile of development patterns for intestinal morphology, disaccharidase activities, and sugar transporter gene expression in goslings, which was beneficial to understanding the characteristics of nutrient absorption during the early-life of goslings.

Світовий економічний розвиток під впливом екологічного фактору

The article considers the problems in the field of socioeconomic systems and institutions to ensure sustainable and environmentally safe economic growth of the country. The author presents the results of analysis of electricity consumption, transition to renewable energy sources and management systems for sustainable socio-economic development of the country, which describes the impact of environmental factors on electricity production, describes corruption processes, touches on current issues of favorable institutional environment in Ukraine and participation in economic development of the country. The author makes proposals (scenarios) for Ukraine's transition to renewable sources, one of which is cardinal, which will achieve high efficiency of electricity from renewable sources and high rates of economic development and ecology in the country. The author concludes that with the use of a systematic transition plan there will be an opportunity for balanced management of energy processes, taking into account the impact of environmental factors.

Long noncoding RNA HOTAIR regulates the stemness of breast cancer cells via activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women, and it is characterized by a high rate of tumor development and heterogeneity. Breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) may well contribute to these pathological properties, but the mechanisms underlying their self-renewal and maintenance are still elusive. Here, we found that the long noncoding RNA HOTAIR is highly expressed in breast CSCs. HOTAIR is required for breast CSC self-renewal and tumor propagation. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that HOTAIR recruits the PRC2 protein complex to the promoter of IκBα to inhibit its expression, leading to activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. The activated NF-κB signaling promotes downstream c-Myc and Cyclin D1 expression. Furthermore, our analysis of clinical samples from the GEPIA database indicated that the IκBα level, as well as the survival rate of patients, with high HOTAIR expression was significantly lower than that of patients with relatively low HOTAIR expression. Our data suggest that HOTAIR-mediated NF-κB signaling primes breast CSC self-renewal and tumor propagation. In sum, we have identified HOTAIR-based NF-κB signaling regulatory circuit that promotes tumorigenic activity in breast CSCs, further indicating that HOTAIR could be a promising target for clinical treatment of breast cancers.

Decoupling of Economic Growth and Industrial Water Use in Hubei Province: From an Ecological–Economic Interaction Perspective

Rational water use is the basis for sustainable development. The issue of how to use limited water resources to satisfy the high rate of economic development has attracted a great deal of attention from society. This paper presents a quantitative analysis of the intrinsic relationship between economic growth and industrial water use changes in Hubei Province based on panel data from 2004 to 2019. With the help of the Tapio decoupling model, the problem of decoupling the economic growth of Hubei Province and the water use of the three industries in 15 years was discussed. On the basis of Kaya’s extended identity, the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) index decomposition method is used to evaluate the driving factors and steady state changes in the three industries’ water use. The results show that, with regard to the decoupling state, there are three decoupling states between economic growth and industrial water use in Hubei province: negative decoupling, strong decoupling, and weak decoupling, which showed a phase characteristic. From the decomposition of the factors, the industrial structure effect and the water intensity effect are the key factors that determine the decoupling of economic growth and industrial water use in Hubei Province, as well as the core driving force to promote the decoupling state. According to the development trend, Hubei Province needs to take into account the efficiency and affordability of water resources in the process of promoting social and economic development. Therefore, in line with the research outcomes, this study provides effective and feasible recommendations for promoting sustainable economic and social development in Hubei Province.

THE NUMBER, WEIGHT AND STRUCTURE OF BRANCHES SHORTENED WHEN PRUNING AN APPLE TREE

This article shows the influence of rejuvenating-normalizing methods and the degree of pruning on the formation of the number of branches, mass and structure of annual shoots when fruiting branches are removed, leaving fruit buds. In the studied apple variety, high rates of growth, development and formation of fruit-bearing buds were detected during anti-aging pruning with 3-4 replacement cycles, leaving 4-8 fruit buds.

Two-digit Quantum-dot Cells Multiplier

The arrival of the era of nanotechnology was stimulated to the greatest extent by the high rate of development of CMOS-microelectronics. Currently, complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor components have reached quantum-technological limits. In digital nanoelectronics, one bit of information is given by one electron. In the work, computer design using computer-aided design QCADisigner of single-electron arithmetic-logic nanocircuits based on quantum cellular automata is performed. Fragments of three- and five-inputs universal majority elements are used as the basis. It has been proven that the defining property of this class of nanodevices is the group behavior of cells, which is reproduced by the logic of majority functions. The development single-electron full nanoadder and double-bits multiplier have the smallest possible technological nanosizes, ultra-high speed and minimum switching energy consumption.

Medical Device-Related Pressure injuries in adult intensive care units.

This study was conducted to examine the development, characteristics, and risk factors of medical device-related pressure injury (MDRPI) in intensive care units (ICU). The number of individuals admitted to ICU increased in the last years all over the world. In parallel with this need, the frequency of the use of life-support and therapeutic medical devices in the ICU also increases. This situation may lead to the development of MDRPI in the ICU and an increase in its prevalence. The study, which was conducted observationally, prospectively and descriptively, included 302 patients who were hospitalised in an ICU within a year. The study was reported according to the STROBE Declaration. It was observed that MDRPI developed in 27.2% of the patients. It was found that MDRPI developed the most in the nose (26.8%) and mouth (15.9%) regions of the patients. It was determined that MDRPI was diagnosed in 28% of the patients within 3-5 days. It was determined that mostly orthopaedic devices (plaster, cervical collar, splint) (62.5%), fasteners (57.1%), non-invasive ventilation/oxygen masks (51.2%) caused the development of MDRPI. It was found that the number of medical devices used was higher, and the number of hospitalisation days in the ICU was also higher, and these factors explained 28.3% of the total variance in the development of MDRPI. It was determined that MDRPI developed in approximately one of four patients in the ICU and that the numbers of medical devices and hospitalisation days were important determinant risk factors. The high rate of development of MDRPI is worrying in terms of nursing care quality. It is recommended that nurses recognise risk factors in order to prevent the development of MDRPI, evaluate the suitability, necessity, and safety of the devices to be used is located.

Teacher Training for the Formation and Evaluation of Functional Literacy of Students in the Process of Individualized Professional Development

Education today faces many challenges caused not only by the high rates of technology development, but also by the rapid changes in the political and socio-economic situation in the world. A graduate of a modern school should be able to use his constantly updated knowledge and skills to solve a wide range of life tasks, i. e. he should have a sufficiently high level of functional literacy. However, international comparative studies record an insufficient level of functional literacy among Russian schoolchildren. The formation of functional literacy of students is becoming one of the main tasks of a modern school. The problem of individualized teacher training for the formation and evaluation of functional literacy in the process of professional development has not been raised and has not been solved. The purpose of this article is to reveal a variant of individualized teacher training for the formation and evaluation of functional literacy of students through the description of the content of an additional professional program designed on the basis of the modular principle. The methodological basis of this study is the acmeological approach, since it allows us to study the patterns of professional development of teachers in the process of professional development, as well as the principles of andragogy formulated by domestic and foreign scientists. The article describes a variant of the implementation of a modular additional professional program, the content of invariant and variable modules aimed at the formation of psychological, theoretical and practical readiness of teachers for the formation and evaluation of functional literacy of students. The described variant of individualized teacher training for the formation and evaluation of functional literacy of students can be used to design additional professional programs in various areas of development of Russian education, and will also be useful to researchers engaged in the search for effective options for preparing teachers for any direction of professional activity in the process of professional development.

Interfacing Motor Units in Nonhuman Primates Identifies a Principal Neural Component for Force Control Constrained by the Size Principle.

Motor units convert the last neural code of movement into muscle forces. The classic view of motor unit control is that the CNS sends common synaptic inputs to motoneuron pools and that motoneurons respond in an orderly fashion dictated by the size principle. This view, however, is in contrast with the large number of dimensions observed in motor cortex, which may allow individual and flexible control of motor units. Evidence for flexible control of motor units may be obtained by tracking motor units longitudinally during tasks with some level of behavioral variability. Here we identified and tracked populations of motor units in the brachioradialis muscle of two macaque monkeys during 10 sessions spanning >1 month with a broad range of rate of force development (1.8-38.6 N · m · s-1). We found a very stable recruitment order and discharge characteristics of the motor units over sessions and contraction trials. The small deviations from orderly recruitment were fully predicted by the motor unit recruitment intervals, so that small shifts in recruitment thresholds happened only during contractions at a high rate of force development. Moreover, we also found that one component explained more than ∼50% of the motor unit discharge rate variance, and that the remaining components represented a time-shifted version of the first. In conclusion, our results show that the recruitment of motoneurons is determined by the interplay of the size principle and common input and that this recruitment scheme is not violated over time or by the speed of the contractions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT With a new noninvasive high-density electromyographic framework, we show the activity of motor unit ensembles in macaques during voluntary contractions. The discharge characteristics of brachioradialis motor units revealed a relatively fixed recruitment order and discharge characteristics across days and rate of force developments. These results were further confirmed through invasive axonal stimulation and recordings of intramuscular electromyographic activity from 16 arm muscles. The study shows for the first time the feasibility of longitudinal noninvasive motor unit interfacing and tracking of the same motor units in nonhuman primates.

Optimising the zoospore release, germination, development of gametophytes and formation of sporophytes of Ecklonia radiata

The kelp Ecklonia radiata has become a target for controlled cultivation. However, to date there are no standardised protocols for the hatchery stage of this species that result in high rates of germination, gametophyte development and transition to sporophytes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify the effect of photoperiod, light intensity, temperature, nutrient media and use of GeO2 on the key hatchery processes of germination, gametophyte development and transition to sporophytes in controlled laboratory experiments. Germination of E. radiata was high (≥ 85%) throughout the study, regardless of treatments. Temperature had a major effect on the length of gametophytes, which increased with increasing temperature. The formation of sporophytes was favoured when individuals were maintained under 17 °C continuously, while reduced by approximately 30% when using F/2 compared to PES nutrient media. Overall, the recommended conditions for the hatchery stage of E. radiata are to maintain cultures under a 12 h L:12 h D photoperiod at 17 °C as this resulted in higher germination rates, good gametophyte development and higher transition to sporophytes compared to other treatments. Moreover, the use of GeO2 has to be limited to no more than 2 days as extended use has detrimental effects on the development of sporophytes. Finally, storage of sorus-bearing fronds of sporophytes up to 4 days after the collection from the field generally increased the number of released zoospores and is a simple mechanism to increase the fertility of brood stock.

Opportunities and Challenges of RNA Interference Therapeutics in Oncology

随着核酸干扰机制的发现及一系列技术难题的逐步攻克，非肿瘤领域的多款核酸干扰药物在国外获批上市，其以特异性高、疗效持续时间长、研发成功率高等优势，成为令全球瞩目的新兴领域。在肿瘤领域尚未有此类新药上市，人们对这一领域的突破寄予厚望。本文阐述核酸干扰药物的特点、潜在抗肿瘤机制、递送系统的难点及在抗肿瘤领域的进展，分析其在非肿瘤领域的成功难以在肿瘤领域被简单复制的潜在原因，为研发及临床转化提供参考。