High-quality Human Capital Research Articles

Research on the problems and countermeasures of education and training of left-behind women in rural areas under the background of rural revitalization

As China’s urbanization process accelerates, it has become common for rural men to go out to work and women to stay at home. The implementation of China’s rural revitalization strategy is in dire need of a large amount of high-quality human capital, and education and training are an important way to improve human capital and empower left-behind women. Starting from the background of China’s rural revitalization, this study focuses on the education and training of rural left-behind women, a topic that has received less attention. Through in-depth interviews and participatory observation, we analyzed the factors affecting rural left-behind women’s participation in education and training, as well as the problems that exist in China’s rural education and training process, and proposed strategies to solve them. The study found that education level, traditional attitudes, economic income, knowledge of education and training, and mental health are important factors affecting the participation of left-behind women in education and training in rural China. At the same time, there are some problems in the process of education and training, such as a single main body of supply and training methods, a lack of teachers, and a lack of management, etc., which affect the development of education and training, and thus also the promotion of rural revitalization.

O zrównoważonym rozwoju w warunkach migracji kapitału ludzkiego: nowy program na rzecz zewnętrznych i wewnętrznych przesiedleń ludności

The article examines the relationship between the migration of human capital and the sustainable development of socio-economic systems. The evolutionary role of migration and its dual nature are substantiated. It has been proven that, on the one hand, the influx of migrants creates a burden on social protection systems; on the other hand, developed countries that receive the main migration flows show a fairly high degree of socio-economic sustainability and compete for high-quality human capital. An analysis of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of human capital migration was carried out. The main reasons for external and internal population movement in the EU countries and Ukraine, the directions of trends, the intensity of migration and emigration in the EU countries are identified. Socio-demographic portraits of migrants from the EU countries and Ukraine were formed before and after the start of a full-scale war in Ukraine. The benefits of losses, risks, opportunities for migration of human capital and sustainable development are identified and compared. The consequences of migration for the implementation of Sustainable development goals of host countries and donor countries are identified.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN PRIORITY GEOSTRATEGIC TERRITORIES AS THE BASIS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE STATE

The events taking place in the country and the world in recent years urge us to reflect, rethink the deformed pyramid of values that has become entrenched in our country, and reorient it towards a post-industrial society, where human capital and innovative development are recognized as the main wealth of the country. The quality of human capital, expressed in education, health, professionalism, life satisfaction, freedom of creative approach to their development, high labor productivity, is the main driving force for the development of science, technology, innovation and socio-economic growth in general. Without high-quality human capital, all ambitious government projects are ephemeral: there will simply be no one to implement them. It is high-quality human capital that creates the prerequisites for preserving and strengthening the socio-economic security of regions and countries. In recent years, the Russian regions have maintained a high migration decline in the population, the leakage of highly qualified personnel is increasing, poverty and property segregation are increasing, the nutritional structure is deteriorating, morbidity and crime are increasing, and in general, the standard of living of the population is decreasing. This can become a prerequisite for the growth of tension and instability in society. The Far Eastern Federal District has been recognized as a priority strategic territory of Russia, and it has been assigned the appropriate tasks to achieve advanced socio-economic development. The latter is possible only with the provision of high-quality human capital. The author tried to describe the relationship between the quality of human capital and the level of socio-economic security, analyzed the main parameters of the standard of living of the population of the Far Eastern regions, identified the main problems and identified conceptual directions for their solution. The article is of an overview and analytical nature, and may be of interest to both theoretical researchers and practical managers dealing with issues of human capital development and regulation of socio-economic processes

State financial regulation of demographic processes in Russia: problems and solutions

The gradual deterioration problem of the demographic balance in developed countries is obvious, and its relevance is increasing every year. Russia, as well as most developed countries, has completed the demographic transition and is faced with the typical consequences of this event: a moderate increase in life expectancy, aging of the population, a steady natural decline in the population, a shortage of qualified personnel in the labor market, etc. The article analyzes various financial regulation aspects of demographic dynamics in the Russian Federation, considering the consequences of the demographic transition and the new realities in which the country found itself in 2022. The study purpose is to assess possible financial, administrative, migration and combined strategies to improve the demographic balance in Russia by changing the reproductive behavior patterns of the modern family. The research is based on the thesis that the modern demographic policy of Russia is aimed more at combating poverty than at reproducing high-quality human capital. The strengths and weaknesses of state regulation various financial strategies of birth rate processes are analyzed, and it is concluded that their application is quite expensive for the state and contains risks of falling into the trap of overloading social security systems for a transitional period in case of success of state policy. An alternative version of demographic policy is also analyzed, in which the state follows the path of industrial human cloning and centralized reproduction of human capital.

Structuring “education – migration – labour market” chain

Purpose. This study aims at analysis of the research landscape with the current trends, gaps, and potential directions for future publications in education, migration, and labour markets in preventing “brain drain” in Ukraine during the war. Methodology. The research method is based on analysis of chronological nature of educational, migration and labour markets and building geographical, interconnections maps and utilizing Scopus and Web of Science databases within VOSviewer software. Findings. The comparison of subject areas demonstrated the interdisciplinary nature of the study, where “social sciences sector” (48.8 %), “economics, econometrics, and finance” (14.8 %) are leading in scientific literature. Four clusters and three clusters of scientific publications were determined in Scopus and Web of Science accordingly. The following trends were obtained: effect of migration on labour market outcome, economic opportunities of high-quality human capital, student professional development to avoid economic crisis were actively investigated by scientists, as well as crisis due to migration flow among young people at universities, positive effect of immigrants and connection with formal education. The highest number of relevant articles are in the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom. The spatial analysis demonstrates intercontinental connection between researchers of six clusters (North American and Pacific countries, Countries of Northern Europe and the Middle East, Central European countries, island, and peninsular countries of the European contingent and the Gulf of Mexico, Central and Western European countries, Western European countries, and Intercontinental cluster). Ukrainian authors regularly collaborate with scientists from Poland, the Netherlands, France, Switzerland, and the United States. Originality. For the first time, a comprehensive analysis covering all three aspects (education, migration and the labor market) was conducted in order to study the interrelationships and mutual influence of these sectors of the economy. The analysis was carried out on geographical-chronological maps built by the authors based on the Scopus and Web of Science databases. Practical values. The results can be utilized to develop new strategies, policies, and legislative initiatives to ensure improve economical and organizational management of education at universities in a country.

How does high-speed railway affect green technology innovation? A perspective of high-quality human capital

Green development is the main theme of modern development in China and even the world. Green development depends on green technology innovation (GTI). Therefore, for developing countries like China in the stage of economic transition, it is urgent to accelerate GTI to gain sustained advantages in the new round of international competition. As an important representative of contemporary rapid transportation, high-speed railway (HSR) can not only alleviate the rapidly growing transportation demand of the public, but also have potential benefits to the energy consumption structure and environmental quality. Whether and how HSR affects GTI has become the focus of this paper. Hence, by employing the panel data of 286 cities in China from 2007 to 2018 with the time-varying DID model, this paper verifies that HSR development can contribute to GTI. The main findings of this paper are as follows: (1) The operation of HSR can not only make the incremental development of GTI, but also improve the quality of GTI simultaneously. Moreover, the quality improvement effect of HSR is greater than the quantity increment effect. (2) Heterogeneity analysis shows that the positive effect of HSR on GTI is more significant for cities that have implemented LCCP. (3) This paper verifies the mediating effect of high-quality human capital. The opening of HSR further stimulates GTI by improving the level of high-quality human capital in cities and increasing the opportunities for knowledge exchange and diffusion. Based on the above findings, this paper proposes some policy recommendations to help developing countries achieve GTI with positive externalities.

Переманивание персонала в системе конкурентных отношений субъектов малого предпринимательства

The subject area of the article is one of the areas of market rivalry of small businesses (hereinafter referred to as SMEs), namely, the poaching of leading specialists from competitors. The scientific position is argued, according to which, in the field of small business, the practical implementation of the above method of unfair competition has certain specifics, in particular, the active role of owners who personally act as a «bounty hunter», as well as their use of uncharacteristic for medium and large entities business motivational tools. In addition, only in the studied area of entrepreneurship is a situation possible in which the transfer of only one specialist to a competing firm can not only worsen, but completely and immediately undermine the market position of the victim of aggression. This should be taken into account by the management of any SME focused on the use of high-quality human capital. The purpose of the study is to develop proposals for choosing a strategy and tactics for managing the personnel of a small enterprise, ensuring a high degree of protection of its personnel elite from the threat under consideration. The objectives of the study are, firstly, to identify the specifics of its implementation in the area of entrepreneurship under study and, secondly, to determine the most effective methods to counteract it. Results of the study: the features of the organization of the process of poaching the best specialists from competing SMEs, as well as additional threats to their competitive positions in case of their implementation, were revealed. Taking into account these features, recommendations are formulated and argued for choosing the subsequent implementation of HR technologies that allow maintaining the quality of the human capital of a small enterprise as one of the important factors that ensure its competitive position in the serviced market.

Evaluating China’s Retired Teacher Re-employment Programs from the Perspective of Human Capital Theories

Human capital is the most crucial to social development among all forms of resources. The exploitation of high-quality human capital in retired teachers is of vital significance for China’s socio-economic development. This article described the implementation of China’s retired teacher re-employment programs and examined their practical significance from the perspective of human capital theories with the purpose of providing implications for the reform of teacher staffing and optimization of human resources utilization in China.

Peer Influence and IT Career Choice

The productivity of the information technology (IT) industry depends on the supply of high-quality human capital, especially of managers who contribute to operational, finance, sales and marketing, and leadership roles. This study examines the influence of IT peers on the choice a management student makes to pursue a career in the IT industry. Analyzing student networks at a leading business school in India, we find that having peers who have worked in IT reduces the likelihood of receiving and accepting an offer in the IT industry. If a student has no IT experience, however, IT peers ameliorate this effect to a certain degree. Our study has important implications for the IT industry and for management schools. First, managers trying to exploit peer-to-peer learning as a way to train workers ought to be aware that negative messages could be transmitted along with positive ones, leading to productivity loss. Second, we highlight that peer influences are important when managers in emerging economies choose their occupations and industries. Managers seeking to attract more talent to the IT industry should keep this channel in mind while designing recruitment strategies.

The Impact of Place-Based Policies on Firm Performance: Evidence from China

This study investigates the causal effect of the first round of China’s Great Western Development Strategy (GWDS) on the total factor productivity (TFP) of Chinese manufacturing firms employing the geographic regression discontinuity design. It uses the firm-level data from China’s Annual Survey of Industrial Firms (ASIF) database from 1998 to 2007. To follow the principle of the geographic regression discontinuity design and ensure the validity of our identification strategies, only firms within a 10 km radius on either side of the GWDS boundary were retained in the baseline regression. The main results include some of the following: (1) The GWDS increased the TFP of firms on the western side of the boundary in the range of 11.2% to 13.7%. (2) The main mechanisms of this improvement were identified as the reduction of a firm’s actual income tax rate and increased firm investment in high-quality human capital. (3) The GWDS has a greater impact on private firms, small firms, and labor-intensive firms. This study provides reliable evidence that place-based policies can promote the sustainable development of firms within the affected regions, and could serve as policy inspiration to alleviate regional development disparities in other developing countries.

Knowledge-Intensive Business Services and Business Models: a Qualitative Comparative Analysis of Small Private Healthcare Providers

In recent years, companies operating in activities such as dentistry, optometry, physiotherapy, or veterinary have seen the demand for their services grow. Their customers do not require their services only for health reasons but also for aesthetics and welfare issues. As a result, these companies compete in expanding and profitable markets. However, this business context has been detected by many professional entrepreneurs who decided to run their activity in healthcare and set up a firm without the necessary assets and knowledge. To overcome these liabilities, some seek partners who provide them with the resources they do not have by entering into different alliances. In contrast, others choose to compete under an independent business model. This paper sheds light on the factors influencing the decisions about the implemented business model in small knowledge-intensive firms by examining the association between the perception of the institutional environment variables and the dotation of intangible resources. For that purpose, a qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) was performed. Due to government regulations in force in these sectors, and methodological reasons, the study sample consisted of 88 small Spanish firms (less than 15 employees). The data were collected by a questionnaire distributed in 2017. We find that the choice to remain self-governing or to enter into a partnership (e.g franchising) is heterogeneously motivated by the evaluations that entrepreneurs have about the role of institutions concerning their activities and how high they consider their intellectual capital compared to their main competitors. In terms of institutional capital, these entrepreneurs refuse to implement patient loyalty policies and strive to have high-quality human capital in terms of the training & experience of their professionals. Moreover, the results also showed that independent business models pay little attention to market influences and view a certain level of regulation favorably, suggesting vocational and conservative behavior

Employee education level and real earnings management: evidence from China

ABSTRACT Employees play an important role in earnings management. Using a sample of Chinese listed firms, we find that the higher education level of employees exhibits less real earnings management. The additional tests show the moderating effects between employee education level and real earnings management including top executives’ power, employee stock ownership plans, reliance on employees, internal control weakness, and state-owned enterprises. This study sheds light on how high-quality human capital creates firms value from the perspective of accounting practice.

Who Is Leaving and Why? The Dynamics of High-Quality Human Capital Outflows

This study proposes a unified, dynamic framework based on Turnover Event Theory (TET) to evaluate the effects of dismissals, layoff announcements, and voluntary turnover on subsequent work unit voluntary turnover. Applying our approach to 1,620 retail stores over 22 months, we show that modeling exit events as a dynamic and interdependent system adds to our ability to predict subsequent human capital outflow. Dismissals had the weakest total effect on subsequent voluntary turnover, layoff announcements had the strongest and most immediate effects, and voluntary turnovers had moderate but lasting effects. We also find that these three exit reasons each exhibit a distinct pattern of subsequent turnover intensity and longevity. Based on the characteristics of work units in our setting, our results correspond to a cumulative worker-level average effect of 0.17 quits following dismissals, 0.23 quits following quits, and 2.2 quits following a layoff. We find that these “multiplier” effects are concentrated among workers of similar performance: high-performer exits beget high-performer quits, just as low-performer exits beget low-performer quits. Our findings suggest analyses offering individual-level estimates of turnover will generally underestimate the broader, work-unit level consequences of individual exit events on similar workers.

Digital tools for managing the economic security of a depressed region

This publication is a theoretical work which aims at exploring the possibilities of using digital tools to manage the economic security of a depressed region. To achieve the stated aim, the following methods were used: analysis, synthesis, abstraction, systematization and structuring of information. We also used integrated, comparative, functional and cause-and-effect methods. The object of this publication is a depressed region. The subject of the study is digital tools that can be used to manage economic security at the regional level. The study showed that one of the key threats to the economic security of a depressed region is the consistently low values of indicators of social and economic development. It was determined that the use of digital tools can improve the condition of a depressed region in the following areas: the formation of high-quality human capital; development of remote employment in a depressed region; creation of new jobs in a depressed region; digitalization of clusters to increase the competitiveness of companies in a depressed region; creation of a digital ecosystem for managing the economic security of a depressed region.

Effects of Human Capital on Energy Consumption: The Role of Income Inequality.

High-quality human capital (HC) development has a strong influence on achieving a win-win target of economic growth and energy consumption mitigation based on the background of the contemporary "carbon neutrality" constraints in China. We here aim to empirically assess the effect of HC on energy consumption (EC) in 30 provinces of China from 2000 to 2019. Moreover, we broaden the literature by discussing the effect of HC in terms of impact mechanism and nonlinear relationship. Based on methods of the augmented mean group (AMG), the estimation of long-term impacts indicates that the improvement of HC significantly discourages the increase in EC. The intrinsic mechanism shows that the accumulation of HC significantly promotes the decline of EC through economic structure adjustment and technological innovation. Moreover, the threshold model indicates that income equality lifts the inhibitory impact of HC on EC. Accordingly, the development of HC should be involved in the policy preference of China's provincial and national development strategies considering its effectiveness in stimulating the reduction of energy consumption.

Human capital as an effective resource contributing to the region's entry into the trajectory of balanced development

This study is devoted to the problem of ensuring a balanced innovative development of the region in the current conditions of digitalization based on the development of the most important resource of the economy human capital. The subject of the study is the quality of human capital on the example of the selected region, as well as organizational and economic relations in terms of human capital management, aimed at achieving a balance in the development of the region. The balanced economic development of the region largely depends on the factors of interest of the economic entities themselves, both moral and material, in achieving an effective result. The main component of economic growth aimed at achieving balanced development is the human resource. Achieving a balanced development in the production, economic and environmental spheres is impossible without achieving a balance in the social aspect, where human capital occupies a key place. Considering a person as the most important factor in achieving a balanced regional development, it is necessary to identify indicators of the balanced development of human capital itself. This study assessed the quality of human capital on the example of the Russian region, the Orenburg region, from the standpoint of balance. The assessment is based on a study of three components: standard of living, education and length of years. Based on the results of the assessment, imbalances in the development of the constituent parts of the human potential of the Orenburg region were revealed: high indicators of income and education indices and a low index of longevity. The low index of longevity is explained by the presence of an imbalance in the level of development of medicine and the unhealthy lifestyle of the population of the region, which is influenced by economic and environmental components, due to the fact that the Orenburg region is an export raw material region. The study analyzed the human development indices of the Orenburg region in comparison with other regions of the Volga Federal District of Russia, established a downward trend in this indicator, which negatively affects economic development indicators and which, of course, was affected by the situation with the Covid-19 pandemic, noted the role of the influence of digital and virtual space on the level of development of human capital in the region under study, the following problems are highlighted: digital inequality, departmental nature of the introduction of information and communication technologies, insufficient development of telecommunications infrastructure in rural areas, which indicates a lack of balance in the development of information literacy of society in a digital economy. Theresults of the study are of theoretical and practical significance for the regional authorities in terms of developing strategic and policy documents in the field of economics, education, healthcare, aimed at improving the welfare of the population, which will create the necessary prerequisites for the formation of high-quality human capital in the region and the effective use of this resource. In the context of digital integration, when a person serves as a leading link, we consider it necessary to develop a mechanism for regulating a balanced system of health and education indicators by the regional authorities, which, in general, will help the region to reach a common trajectory of balanced innovative development.

Panel Evidence from EU Countries on CO2 Emission Indicators during the Fourth Industrial Revolution

Research question and the most important issue in this paper relates to the determination of CO2 emission drivers in EU and the possibility of its reduction in the era of the fourth industrial revolution. EU strategies and economic policies are directed toward sustainable development, with special emphasis on reducing CO2 emissions towards carbon neutrality. The method used in this research is the Panel Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) two-step dynamic estimator on 27 EU countries in the period 2012–2019. The research resulted with the following findings: innovation activity, industrial structure and development, human capital, and institutional framework; these are all statistically associated with CO2 emission levels in a negative manner, thus, contribute significantly to the reduction in CO2 emissions. Following the empirical results, it may be concluded that reaching sustainable development goals requires the EU to enhance innovation activity, technological development, reshape its industrial structure, create high-quality human capital, and increase the quality of its public institutions.

The impact of women as human capital on perceiving sustainable development in Egyptian industry

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of women as human capital on sustainable development in the Egyptian community factories. Presently, sustainability has become one of the targets all over the world , especially the Egyptian strategy that focuses more on women’s empowerment as human capital. There is a positive trend among organizations, governments and communities to focus more on the lead of sustainability in all our daily activities and business activities.Design/methodology/approachSelf-administered questionnaires were distributed to gather data from 100 engineers (50 women and 50 men) employees of Egyptian factories and industries located in Egypt. To analyze, the collected data, regression analysis and correlation coefficient were employed to examine the study objectives and questions. A statistical Package for Social Sciences has been used for data analysis.FindingsResults reveal that there is a direct positive relationship between women as a capital and sustainable development with its four interrelated pillars (economic, social, environmental and education) in a positive and significant way and the three factors of Human Capital (leadership and motivation, qualifications and satisfaction and creativity).Research limitations/implicationsThe findings only apply to the sample (engineering women, men) that has participated in the questionnaire in the Egyptian factories. More research would be recommended in terms of further research study, highlighting the role of women in other categories in the STEM field as they are the human capital crucial for sustainable development and highlighting its impact on the Egyptian sustainable strategy 2030.Practical implicationsAlthough the Egyptian strategy reinforces gender equality and gaining more roles for women in the Egyptian community, there is still absence of women in factories and science. Based on the findings, there are three concerns that must be addressed: First, opportunities need to be embedded in the factories for more women, especially in engineering categories. Second, authorities must encourage human capital development for women. Third, there is a strong need to create responsible leadership between all human capitals which are especially important in areas of industry.Social implicationsEgyptian factories need to support women’s enthusiasm for innovation, continuously advance science and engineering, foster a business environment that fosters the coexistence of science and technology, the economy and society, support enterprise transformation and optimize the industrial structure of Egyptian industry. Simultaneously, it should encourage and promote the transformation of female achievements and strengthen the role of women leadership enterprises in Egyptian society. In order to promote the ideas of women, more money must be spent on scientific research, human capital must be allocated more effectively and fresh momentum for sustainable economic growth must be generated. It must expand training investment, encourage high-quality human capital and remove the bottleneck.Originality/valueThis paper is unique in presenting women as human capital in Egyptian society and reflects its impact on sustainable development pillars. Although much literature and study is dealing with the two topics of human capital and sustainable development separately or with links to other topics, they have not been dealt with together and there is a scarcity in the literature related to these topics focusing on women separately.

Job Titles and Mobility of Knowledge Workers

How do job titles affect an employee’s propensity for outward mobility? In high-tech contexts, firms are constantly at risk of losing their high quality human capital, such as inventors, due to an increasingly significant threat of employee poaching. Recruiters seek for credible quality signals to assess candidates, and job titles are the first piece of information available. In this paper, we study the role of job title ambiguity for knowledge workers’ mobility. Specifically, we whether ambiguous job titles may create a barrier to outward mobility for knowledge workers in markets with high risk of poaching. Ambiguous job titles may confuse prospective recruiters when they scan poaching targets; they exert more cognitive effort to make sense of the value of those candidates and, thus, are less likely to contact them for mobility opportunities. We utilize the resumes and patent data of 12,719 corporate inventors employed at 172 US corporations in the Information and Communication Technology industry between 2000 and 2014 to test our hypothesis. Our results indicate that individuals holding job titles associated with a high ambiguity are less likely to leave the firm. The result is robust to different measurement techniques of titles’ ambiguity. Our study highlights how job titles as a form of symbolic cues can constitute a meaningful barrier to poaching that complements existing human capital retaining tactics.

Impact mechanism of carbon emission trading pilot policy on green total factor productivity——Empirical research based on the double difference model

This paper uses the panel data of 30 provinces and cities in China from 2008 to 2018, adopts the double-difference method and the mediation effect model to empirically evaluate the carbon emission reduction effect of the carbon emission trading pilot policy, and demonstrates that the specific impact mechanism of carbon emission trading pilot policy to improve green total factor productivity The study found that the carbon emission trading pilot policy promotes carbon emission reduction in regional industries through cost-benefit mechanisms, market mechanisms, and technological innovation mechanisms, thereby improving green total factor productivity; Corporate green technology innovation is the key way to promote carbon emission reduction and low-carbon development. , and the introduction of high-quality human capital can enhance the concept of green development for enterprises; the role of financial products such as green credit and green finance in serving green development has yet to be explored, and the foreign investment in the field of green development needs to be guided. Finally, it is concluded that the implementation of the pilot policy should uphold the principle of combining the government's macro-control and market-determining mechanism, play the key role of technological innovation, and formulate differentiated policies.