High-quality Display Research Articles

Adjustable viewpoint allocation for enhancing the viewing angle and reducing the crosstalk in super multi-view display

In this Letter, we propose an adjustable viewpoint allocation method with forward and backward ray tracing to enhance the viewing angle and reduce the crosstalk in super multi-view (SMV) display. The synthetic image (SI) is initially calculated by backward ray tracing according to the viewing distance and the viewpoint interval. Forward ray tracing is then performed on the result of the viewpoint allocation to correct the deviation between the actual and the ideal viewpoint positions. Optical experiments are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method effectively suppresses the crosstalk between viewpoints and eliminates artifacts in adjacent viewing areas within the ideal viewing angle, thereby enhancing the actual viewing angle. Meanwhile, due to the ability of reallocating information on the SI, the proposed method can achieve varying information density from different views. It is expected that our proposed method could be widely used in light field display to realize high quality display in the future.

Compact freeform near-eye display system design enabled by optical-digital joint optimization

The near-eye display (NED) systems, designed to project content into the human eye, are pivotal in the realms of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), offering users immersive experiences. A small volume is the key for a fashionable, easy-to-wear, comfortable NED system for industrial and consumer use. Freeform surfaces can significantly reduce the system volume and weight while improving the system specifications. However, great challenges still exist in further reducing the volume of near-eye display systems as there is also a limit when using only freeform optics. This paper introduces a novel method for designing compact freeform NED systems through a powerful optical–digital joint design. The method integrates a geometrical freeform optical design with deep learning of an image compensation neural network, addressing off-axis nonsymmetric structures with complex freeform surfaces. A design example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Specifically, the volume of a freeform NED system is reduced by approximately 63% compared to the system designed by the traditional method, while still maintaining high-quality display performance. The proposed method opens a new pathway for the design of a next-generation ultra-compact NED system.

Spectrally independent and wide-angle light extraction of organic light emitting diodes with randomly disassembled nanostructure.

Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) have emerged as popular screen advancements in digital appliances, thanks to their unique characteristics such as self-emitting ability, transparency, true dark tone, and flexibility. In comparison to liquid crystal displays, OLED displays offer superior performance. Moreover, OLEDs are also a promising option for illuminating purposes. Although significant progress in enhancing the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of OLEDs, achieving an external quantum efficiency that matches their full potential has proven challenging due to optical losses. This paper explores the utilization of Randomly Disassembled Nanostructures (RaDiNa) for light extraction in flexible OLEDs. The study confirms that the implementation of RaDiNa enhances light extraction efficiency, particularly at angles above the critical angle, leading to an increased external quantum efficiency (EQE). The application of a cured polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) onto the substrate resulted in the RaDiNa-structured OLEDs demonstrating not only an extended viewing angle but also stable light emission across all angles, reinforcing the technology's value for high-quality display applications. These findings underscore RaDiNa's potential for significantly improving the efficiency of flexible OLEDs without altering the light emission spectrum based on the viewing angle.

CNN-based image splitting algorithm for dual-layer display

Dual-layer displays (DLDs) can achieve high dynamic range by reducing light leakage via bonding two LC panels. However, the physical distance between the two LC panels introduces a parallax error when the display is viewed off-axis. This paper proposes a convolutional neural network-based image splitting algorithm for improving the display quality of a DLD. In order to improve processing speed, the network structure is designed relatively simply. The training dataset is established mainly based on TV signals. Different from the common image evaluation metrics based on PSNR and SSIM, the paper proposes to apply learned perceptual image patch similarity (LPIPS) to define the loss function for DLDs. The simulation and experiment results show that compared with the existing method, the proposed method has better performance in reducing parallax error and improving image details. The processing time can be shortened by 2.7 times. The proposed CNN-based method can greatly reduce the processing time while maintaining high display quality, which presents high practicability.

Enhancing Pixel Charging Efficiency by Optimizing Thin-Film Transistor Dimensions in Gate Driver Circuits for Active-Matrix Liquid Crystal Displays.

Flat panel displays are electronic displays that are thin and lightweight, making them ideal for use in a wide range of applications, from televisions and computer monitors to mobile devices and digital signage. The Thin-Film Transistor (TFT) layer is responsible for controlling the amount of light that passes through each pixel and is located behind the liquid crystal layer, enabling precise image control and high-quality display. As one of the important parameters to evaluate the display performance, the faster response time provides more frames in a second, which benefits many high-end applications, such as applications for playing games and watching movies. To further improve the response time, the single-pixel charging efficiency is investigated in this paper by optimizing the TFT dimensions in gate driver circuits in active-matrix liquid crystal displays. The accurate circuit simulation model is developed to minimize the signal's fall time (Tf) by optimizing the TFT width-to-length ratio. Our results show that using a driving TFT width of 6790 μm and a reset TFT width of 640 μm resulted in a minimum Tf of 2.6572 μs, corresponding to a maximum pixel charging ratio of 90.61275%. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of our optimization strategy in enhancing pixel charging efficiency and improving display performance.

Enhancing vehicle/airborne displays with beam steering technology for improved viewing angles

ABSTRACT For vehicles or airborne displays, the limited space and arrangement of operating devices in the cockpit often result in drivers having a certain off-axis viewing angle with the display. This leads to a noticeable degradation in performance parameters such as brightness and colour shift compared to the vertical viewing angle. A beam steering technology applicable to the display field is presented, which simultaneously improves the performance of vehicle/airborne displays in both the large and off-axis viewing angles. When the usage scenario changes, such as acceleration, deceleration, turning, the proposed technology allows for the flexible switching of display modes, effectively aligning the high-brightness and low colour shift high-quality display to the corresponding viewing angle. The simulation results show that the viewing angle performance of displays are effectively improved, which demonstrates that the proposed technology has a promising application prospect to substantially enhance viewers’ visual experience.

Perceptually-guided Dual-mode Virtual Reality System For Motion-adaptive Display.

An ideal Virtual reality (VR) device should simultaneously provide retina-level resolution, wide field-of-view (FOV), and high refresh rate display, thereby bringing users into a deeply immersive virtual world. However, directly providing such high-quality display poses great challenges for display panel fabrication, real-time rendering, and data transfer. To address this issue, we introduce a dual-mode virtual reality system based on the spatio-temporal perception characteristics of human vision. The proposed VR system has a novel optical architecture. It can switch display modes according to the user's perceptual requirements for different display scenes to adaptively adjust the display spatial and temporal resolution based on a given display budget, thus providing users with the optimal visual perception quality. In this work, a complete design pipeline for the dual-mode VR optical system is proposed, and a bench-top prototype is built with only off-the-shelf hardware and components to verify its capability. Compared to the conventional VR system, our proposed scheme is more efficient and flexible in utilizing the display budget, and this work is expected to facilitate the development of the VR device based on the human visual system.

Perylene Diimide Incorporated Polyurethane Polymer as Potential Colour Filter Material with Non‐fluorescent Property†

Comprehensive SummaryA novel polyurethane polymer containing perylene diimide (PDI) unit and aniline segment, denoted as PU‐PDI, was designed and synthesized. Their tensile property and photophysical characteristic were investigated using various experimental and theoretical techniques. It is found that the elongation of PU‐PDIs can reach more than 1000%, indicating good tensile performance. Moreover, based on the photoinduced electron transfer mechanism, the aniline segments in polyurethane can quench the auto‐fluorescence of PDI unit to a negligible value, which overcomes the intractable fluorescence drawbacks of conventional colour filters. The non‐emissive characteristic, in combination with the good thermal stability and tensile property of PU‐PDI, provides a feasible design strategy to fabricate optical filters with high display quality.

Tunable Emission Wavelength and Chromaticity Electroluminescence Realized in Ho Doped ZnO Microspheres Heterojunction

Tunable white light sources have huge potential applications in the scope of intelligent lighting or high-quality display system, but it is still a challenge to tune the emission wavelength and chromaticity in a simple structure. Herein, the Ho3+ doped ZnO microsphere was bonded onto the p-GaN substrate to form a heterojunctional light-emitting diode. Through a combination of the light confinement effect in the ZnO microsphere and multilevel emission system in rare earth materials, the device demonstrates tunable electroluminescence (EL) both in wavelength and chromaticity. The device shows broadband emission peak at 400 nm with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 34 nm under forward pulsed driven bias. While it shows a series of sharp emissions from rare earth ions Ho3+ with peaks at 427 nm, 492 nm, 567 nm, 592 nm and 654 nm and FWHM less than 1.3 nm under reverse pulsed driven bias. More meaningful, the wavelength and chromaticity can be controlled with duty cycle or the rate of forward and reverse driven bias under intelligent programmable alternating current (AC) driven. Finally, the gradient from blueviolet light to white light can be realized.

Improvement of line image reproduction in the system of prepress engineer work

In order to optimise the process of prepress engineer work, it is necessary to provide a high-quality display of the line image, which ensures the most accurate transfer of the geometric dimensions of individual elements. The purpose of the article was to determine the degree of influence of the binarization threshold on the resolution value of raster line images. The experiments were based on the use of general scientific methods of analysis, generalisation, classification, deduction. To assess the quality of line image reproduction in this paper, photoforms were employed using a line test object which was designed as an accurate photograph with the use of an optical density distribution profile. The paper examines the influence of various parameters of raster structures on the playback quality of reproductions. The specifics of using a photo output device as the main link, which ensures the reproduction quality of image details, have been determined. The geometry of the raster structure when using rotation angles with rational tangents has been analysed. Features of the Accurate Screening technology have been systematised. The difference between “rational” and “irrational” rasterization methods has been considered. The main aspects of the use of line details in the reproduction process have been considered. The proposed method for assessing the quality of a line image reproduction with an uneven edge has been called the “signal-to-noise ratio” method, and it has been concluded that the scanning stage affects the quality of image reproduction to a greater extent than the photo output. The practical result of the work is the development of recommendations that can find practical application in reproduction processes. The developed binarization algorithms allow processing of images with significant zonal brightness unevenness, with monotonous brightness areas, and highly noisy images

MULTI-MODAL MEDICAL IMAGE FUSION BASED ON MULTI-BASED BINARY RESIDUALFEATURE FUSION

The term "medical image fusion" refers to the procedure of aligning and blending separate pictures captured using different imaging technologies. By enhancing imaging quality and decreasing unpredictability and redundancy, it aims to boost the clinical usefulness of medical pictures for the diagnosis and evaluation of medical conditions. Accuracy of clinical choices based on medical pictures has been enhanced via the use of multi model medical image fusion algorithms and tools. In this study, we show that combining pictures from chest X-rays and ultrasounds improve visibility. On the other hand, the merged picture is essential for a high-quality display. Improving the quality of the combined photos requires a classification technique. The accurate fusion and integration of medical images from multiple modalities is a critical step in the diagnostic process that leads to clinical activities and the appropriate treatment of patients, and this chapter suggests a Multi-based Binary Residual Feature Fusion (MBRFF) method for this purpose. The images are preprocessed usingthe Histogram equalization algorithm. For the feature extraction of medical images, the Multi- Threshold Contour Method is used. The shift variant decomposition transformation technique Discrete Wavelet Transform DWT is effective and it is used to decompose the medical image. The fused medical images are optimized by using Particle swarm optimization PSO. Finally, the simulation results reveal that the suggested mechanism outperforms the other techniques based on conventional approaches. Using the Origin Pro application, the study's outcomes are represented graphically

Dark-Channel Enhanced-Compensation Net: An end-to-end inner-reflection compensation method for immersive projection system.

Immersive projection display system is widely adopted in virtual reality and various exhibition halls. How to maintain high display quality in an immersive projection environment with uneven illumination and the color deviation caused by the inter-reflection of light is still a challenging task. In this paper, we innovatively propose a deep learning-based radiation compensation for an L-shaped projector-camera system. This method employs complex reflection phenomena to simulate the light transport processing in an L-shaped environment, we also designed a Dark-Channel Enhanced-Compensation Net (DECNet) which composed of a convolutional neural network called Compensation Net, a DarkChannelNet and another subnet (such as sensing network) aiming at achieving high-quality reproduction of projected display images. The final output of DECNet is the compensation image to be projected. It is always a critical problem to establish appropriate evaluation and analysis indexes throughout the research of light pollution compensation algorithms. In this paper, PSNR, SSIM, and RMSE are proposed to quantitatively analyze the image quality. The experimental results show that this method has certain advantages in reducing the inter-reflection of the projection plane. And our method could also well replace the traditional process using the backlight transmission matrix. It can be concluded to a certain that this method can be extended to other more complex projection environments with strong scalability and inclusiveness.

Development of Algorithms for Processing Images of Large Volumes

In recent years, interest in digital image processing has increased significantly, so it is no coincidence that digital processing is one of the intensively developed areas of research. When working with a computer system, a rather important factor is the high-quality display of images, as a result of which the methods of processing and improving images are no less important factors, which are not only responsible for the highquality display of the image, but also allow to increase the visibility of interesting details in the image. Today it is quite difficult to find an application or a web application with a simple and user-friendly interface, as well as with relatively low characteristics in terms of energy consumption needed to supply the operating system and the device in general. This article presents new algorithms that improve the efficiency of image processing by reducing application loading and processing time, as well as by reducing the load on the operating system.

Color Transparent Monitor using Si/SiO2Core-Shell Nanoparticles: Optimum Color Selection

In this paper, core–shell nanoparticles are used to provide a transparent high-quality display. To realize this idea, Si-SiO2 core–shell nanoparticles have been used to achieve the most suitable nanoparticle composition for a transparent color display with high transparency and contrast. For color transparent monitor the superimposed QDs are used. For transparent color monitors, stacked QDs are used. In this work, we determine the ratio of nanoparticles (three QD ratios) for the three colors in the proposed monitor. Because the red, green, and blue scattering peaks are different because of the scattering physics, which is wavelength-dependent. Therefore, obtaining the optimal ratio for each color is studied. The numerical method of Finite-Difference Time-Domain is used to simulate and calculate the optical properties of the proposed transparent monitor. The effect of different combinations of nanoparticles to have the maximum dispersion at blue, green, and red wavelengths and the minimum absorption at other wavelengths has been investigated. Finally, the optimum ratio and arrangement of nanoparticles for all colors are reported and numerically evaluated.

P‐8.6: The Brief Trends Analysis of Gaming Display Device

Throughout the development of games, from the FC (family computer) to console games, PC games and mobile games, etc, the whole evolution history has accompanied and benefited from the breakthrough and development of basic technologies such as system software/hardware, content creation and network communication. As one of the key terminal hardware in the industry chain, gaming display product shoulders the responsibility of presenting perfect visual information for all game players. This paper mainly focuses the gaming display based on PC game scenarios, which has shown the trend of diminishing refresh rate Marginal Diminishing Effect, and gives an insight into the next innovative development opportunity — High Display Quality. And then, taking the data volume as the main line, we analyze the increase of the data volume when the refresh rate and resolution improvement and review the feasibility of the core links such as processing unit, transmission,memory and display, facing the inevitable technical challenge of gaming display in the near future of High Display Quality.

47.3: Invited Paper: Near IR Transmission System (NITS): LCD Enhancement Films Enabling High Performance Near IR Transparent LCDs

The conventional light management films used to enhance display performance of a conventional edge‐lit LCD reflect, scatter, and refract both visible and near infrared (IR) light and therefore do not allow imaging though LCDs. We have developed an entirely new class of display enhancement films and coatings that enable imaging through LCDs in near IR wavelengths while maintaining high display quality. To demonstrate application of this Near IR Transmission System (NITS) for near‐field (where the object is in proximity to the imager) imaging, we show under display fingerprint sensing for LCD‐based smart phones. We envision other applications of this technology in both the near‐field and far‐field (where the object is far from imager) regimes.

Gate Dielectric Breakdown in A-InGaZnO Thin Film Transistors With Cu Electrodes

In this work, the impact of positive bias stress (PBS) on an all copper(Cu)-electrode a-InGaZnO TFT is discussed. Commonly, Cu diffusion from the source/drain electrode after negative bias stress (NBS) leads to degradations in the on-state current and subthreshold swing. However, this study finds that diffusion in the gate insulator layer from the gate electrode suffers from more serious degradation. Eventually, this phenomenon causes a serious breakdown of the gate insulator such that it loses the transistor function. Results indicate that after 2000s of PBS, accumulation of Cu ions forms a filament which dominates the leakage path. During the stress duration, the gate leakage current is monitored and current fittings are adopted to confirm the phenomena. Furthermore, temperature dependencies have verified the results of hopping and Ohmic conduction at different stages of deterioration. Compared to previous literature that focus on the impacts of source/drain electrodes, this work suggests that gate engineering for thin film transistors is more urgent for high-quality display applications.

41‐4: A Novel Fully Transparent Photoluminescent Display on Vehicle Glazing and Interior Surfaces

A fully transparent RGB emissive screen is developed and applied onto vehicle glazing and interior surfaces, presenting high quality emissive images on glass or any interior surface without covering it. The novel photoluminescent display supports a scalable and freeform display onto any vehicle surface with high emissive display quality.

18‐2: Invited Paper: LCD Enhancement Films Enabling High‐Performance Near‐IR Transparent LCDs

The conventional light management films used to enhance display performance of a conventional edge‐lit LCD reflect, scatter, and refract both visible and near infrared light and therefore do not allow imaging though LCDs. We have developed an entirely new class of display enhancement films and coatings that enable imaging through LCDs in near IR wavelengths while maintaining high display quality. Using this Near IR Transmission System (NITS) we demonstrate under display fingerprint sensing for LCD‐based smart phones.

High-performance non-doped pure-blue electroluminescent device based on bisphenanthroimidazole derivative with twisted donor-acceptor structure

Abstract The development of efficient pure-blue emitters is of great significance for achieving high-quality display and lighting. Herein, a pure-blue emitter TPA-DPPI comprised of bisphenanthroimidazole and triphenylamine units with bipolar carrier transport property is designed and synthesized. For the two phenanthroimidazole units, one acts as the electron acceptor moiety, and the other is introduced to twist the molecule in order to suppress the intermolecular interactions in neat film. Highly twisted molecular configuration endows the compound with a high photoluminescence quantum efficiency yield of 0.56 in neat film. The non-doped device using TPA-DPPI as an emissive layer shows a pure-blue emission with a Commission International de l'Eclairage coordinates of (0.146, 0.097) and a high external quantum efficiency of 5.20%.