High-quality Design Research Articles

The reform and practice of art design class Revolution in higher vocational colleges under the background of double high school

In the development of social economy and science and technology innovation, higher vocational colleges in our country in the full implementation of education department and financial department on the implementation of Chinese characteristics in planning the development of the high level of higher vocational schools and professional opinions, the continuous optimization of the art design class course system and education mode, puts forward the effective solutions for specific problems. On the basis of understanding the double-hook background, according to the implementation of vocational art and design curriculum education in recent years, this paper makes clear the practical significance of constructing smart classroom, and deeply discusses how to reform high-quality art and design classroom under the double-high background. The final experimental results prove that the reform of art design class in higher vocational colleges under the background of double high school meets the requirements of modern talent cultivation and can provide basic power for the development of art field.

The effects of non-invasive brain stimulation on disorder of consciousness in patients with brain injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial

IntroductionDisorders of consciousness (DOC) result from neural system injury and manifest as changes in arousal or awareness. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), on consciousness dysfunction in patients with brain disorders. MethodsLiterature was systematically searched in Medline, Embase, Cochrane database, Web of Science, EBSCO from inception to May 2023. Only randomized controlled trial with NIBS as an intervention and participants with DOC were included. ResultsA total of 7 studies with 313 participants were included for meta-analysis. Compared with sham- or placebo-stimulation, NIBS can improve the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised scores significantly (mean difference [MD] = 1.96, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = [1.49; 2.43], P <.0001). ConclusionNIBS has a significant positive effect in enhancing the symptoms of DOC. Nevertheless, it is imperative for further investigations comprising high-quality research designs and larger sample sizes in order to comprehensively elucidate the effects of NIBS techniques on diverse targets of stimulation within the population of individuals suffering from DOC.

Robust Topology Optimization of Coated Structures with Surface Layer Thickness Uncertainty Considered

The rapid development of additive manufacturing has made coated structures an innovative configuration with high design flexibility. However, poor forming accuracy and surface roughness during manufacturing will cause uncertainty in surface layer thickness, which results in structure performance deviation and failure to achieve the expected goals. This paper proposes a robust topology optimization method for coated structures considering the surface layer thickness uncertainty to obtain high-quality designs that can resist disturbance by uncertainties. First, an erosion-based approach is used to establish the model of the coated structure surface layer. Second, modeling the surface layer thickness uncertainty applies a random field whose dimensionality of the random fields is reduced by the Expansion Optimal Linear Estimation (EOLE) method. Then, minimizing the weighted sum of the mean and standard deviation of structural compliance is taken as the optimization objective, and robust topology optimization considering uncertainty is established. Finally, estimate the stochastic response by the perturbation technique, then the sensitivity of the objective function with respect to the design variables is derived. Numerical examples show that the structural design obtained with the proposed method has a stronger resistance to uncertainty than the deterministic topology optimization method, proving the method’s effectiveness in this paper.

Spatial sight analysis of Hangzhou Xiaoyingzhou based on tourists' landscape preference

Tourist preferences are important for the high-quality planning and design of recreation spaces. The famous scenic locale of West Lake in Hangzhou, China, is used as an example in this study. Based on multi-source data (e.g., online comments, and tourist photographs), we used content analysis, kernel density estimation, and image semantic segmentation technology to determine the spatial distribution of tourists' landscape preferences. We analyzed these spatial sight characteristics from the viewpoint, sight distance, and perspectives. The results show that tourists' landscape preferences are mainly concentrated on landscape architecture for recreation. The viewpoints of these preferences are concentrated in the north-south embankment—far beyond that of the east-west embankment. The preferences also show a spatial sequence in terms of sight distance, and the best visual effect is the open platform at the north and south islands of Xiaoyingzhou. From the perspective of vision, the degree of spatial openness in the tourists' landscape preferences is proportional to the distance of vision; the two factors have a convergent relationship. The discussion of the characteristics of tourists’ landscape preference and space sight creation in Xiaoyingzhou provides a reference for the quality improvement of island recreation space.

FREE-RANGING OCELOTS (LEOPARDUS PARDALIS): HEMATOLOGY AND SERUM CHEMISTRY REFERENCE VALUES.

Acquiring baseline physiologic data for animals from a free-ranging wildlife species is an elusive objective. Between 1990 and 2020, a monitoring program on the last population of ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) to inhabit public land in the United States yielded 139 blood samples from 67 individual animals. Ocelots were live trapped and anesthetized for census and radiotelemetric studies. The protocol included morphometrics, photographs, electronic identification, and blood collection. Complete blood count and serum chemistry were performed, and after sorting of the data to remove unhealthy individuals and occasional outliers, the dataset provided sufficient information to compute reliable reference intervals (RI). According to the American Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathology consensus guidelines, RI should be elaborated by using data from each reference individual only once. RI by random selection was determined when several measurements were available over time from one same animal. Second, RI were also computed allowing repeat measurements for reference individuals, exclusively to characterize and quantify the effect on the data distribution and on the generated RI. A summary of published RI for various species of wild felids is also presented. The variations observed between species is due not only to species differences but also to variation in measurement methods and RI study design. Overall, accurate blood work interpretation requires RI generated from a healthy population, with defined measurement methods and state-of-the-art RI study design. Of note, calcium is typically tightly regulated in all mammals, as illustrated by the narrow RI (8.5-10.8 mg/dl); conversely, finding a narrow RI in calcium across as many as 49 healthy individuals suggests a high-quality design study.

Automatic Scatterplot Design Optimization for Clustering Identification.

Scatterplots are among the most widely used visualization techniques. Compelling scatterplot visualizations improve understanding of data by leveraging visual perception to boost awareness when performing specific visual analytic tasks. Design choices in scatterplots, such as graphical encodings or data aspects, can directly impact decision-making quality for low-level tasks like clustering. Hence, constructing frameworks that consider both the perceptions of the visual encodings and the task being performed enables optimizing visualizations to maximize efficacy. In this article, we propose an automatic tool to optimize the design factors of scatterplots to reveal the most salient cluster structure. Our approach leverages the merge tree data structure to identify the clusters and optimize the choice of subsampling algorithm, sampling rate, marker size, and marker opacity used to generate a scatterplot image. We validate our approach with user and case studies that show it efficiently provides high-quality scatterplot designs from a large parameter space.

Human-Computer Collaborative Visual Design Creation Assisted by Artificial Intelligence

With the support and promotion of big data and cloud computing, AI has penetrated into every field of people's lives more and more deeply, with its characteristics of sustainable work, extremely fast computing speed, and a certain intelligence. This is an effective way to solve the general lack of demand and productivity of visual design, and relieve the pressure off designers to deal with relatively low-quality and high-demand designs. Therefore, the combination of design and artificial intelligence technology is a necessity. Research on the application of artificial intelligence technology for visual design is also in full swing at home and abroad However, at present, teams at home and abroad are in the exploratory stage. This paper considers whether it is possible to build an intelligent visual design and creation system by using artificial intelligence technology to help graphic communication designers achieve high-quality, high-efficiency, and high-quantity design output. Additionally, this paperexplores how to combine artificial intelligence technology with designers' design workflow so as to form a complementary human-computer cooperation mode. We will explore how to integrate AI technology with designers' design workflow and then create a human-machine collaboration model with complementary advantages to achieve the high quality, high efficiency, and high quantity of design output required by the intelligent visual design creation system being built. Finally, a basic framework of a generative smart human-computer collaborative visual design creation system based on a subset of neural network expert systems in multiple domains and an aggregate of different modules supported by the system is formed, and the working principle and usage process of the system are further elaborated with the example of packaging design.

Using Artificial Intelligence to Generate Master-Quality Architectural Designs from Text Descriptions

The exceptional architecture designed by master architects is a shared treasure of humanity, which embodies their design skills and concepts not possessed by common architectural designers. To help ordinary designers improve the design quality, we propose a new artificial intelligence (AI) method for generative architectural design, which generates designs with specified styles and master architect quality through a diffusion model based on textual prompts of the design requirements. Compared to conventional methods dependent on heavy intellectual labor for innovative design and drawing, the proposed method substantially enhances the creativity and efficiency of the design process. It overcomes the problem of specified style difficulties in generating high-quality designs in traditional diffusion models. The research results indicated that: (1) the proposed method efficiently provides designers with diverse architectural designs; (2) new designs upon easily altered text prompts; (3) high scalability for designers to fine-tune it for applications in other design domains; and (4) an optimized architectural design workflow.

The Urban Design of Guangzhou towards 2049: Direction and Practice

This paper elaborates the meaning of strategy-led urban design towards 2049 through exploring complex political-economic contexts and abundant planning practices in recent Guangzhou. It consists of four parts around this theme: the first is the strategic contexts of conducting urban design in Guangzhou; the second is the stages and trends of urban development of Guangzhou; the third is specific strategies utilized to lead and organize urban design in Guangzhou in last decade; and the last is a vision for the high-quality urban design towards 2049.

2D LATTICE GENERATION BY COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN METHOD

Designers often face the challenge of getting stuck with rigid and dogmatic ideas, leading to a limited number of design options being produced. While experience and talent can help overcome this, it can still take a significant amount of time and effort. This study proposes a repeatable, dynamic process that transforms all design components into parameters, creates a structural analysis model, and performs an optimization process that integrates design and structural analysis. Thus, by leveraging the power of technology, designers can generate a larger number of high-quality design options quickly and efficiently. The article evaluates the effectiveness of this proposed method in generating 2D lattice design concepts and highlights its ability to improve the quality of the design options generated and simplify the idea and concept generation process. The novelty of this method lies in its ability to create a flexible and dynamic approach to design, enabling designers to move beyond dogmatic ideas and generate a larger number of innovative design options. Another purpose of this article is to explore the potential of computer-aided computational design software in generating new and innovative design concepts.

The Role of the Urban Design Review Panel in a Master-Planned Community Development: A Case Study of Hobsonville Point, New Zealand

Design guidelines and design review panel (DRPs) are crucial components in ensuring consistent and high-quality design within masterplan sites. This study focuses on New Zealand, examining the challenges faced by industry partners in adapting to master-planned design guidelines. The case study centres on Hobsonville Point, the largest government-led masterplan community in New Zealand, which promotes sustainable and higher-density living—an uncommon concept in the country. We conducted interviews with 18 key stakeholders involved in the development of Hobsonville Point. The results show that the DRP provides flexible judgments and insightful information that better accommodate individual development characteristics than the strict numerical standards specified in design guidelines. This study underscores the importance of the DRP in producing good design outcomes, especially when they are involved at the very beginning of the design process. Additionally, we took note of stakeholder concerns about DRP members’ expertise and the possible effects of high turnover rates on the design process. To strive for continual improvement, future empirical studies on the DRP process are encouraged to enhance proficiency and dependability. Design guidance should be prioritised to ensure that climate-related design is implemented to promote sustainable urban development.

A decomposition-based memetic algorithm to solve the biobjective green flexible job shop scheduling problem with interval type-2 fuzzy processing time

With increasing environmental awareness, energy consumption of industries is becoming a popular research topic. In industrial manufacturing, processing time is highly uncertain. This study investigates a green flexible job shop scheduling problem with interval type-2 fuzzy processing time (IT2GFJSP) with the objectives of makespan and energy consumption. To solve this problem, a decomposition-based memetic algorithm (DBMA) is used. In the proposed approach, (1) five initial rules are presented to generate a high-quality population; (2) crossover and mutation operators are designed to increase the exploration capability; (3) three effective neighborhood structures are designed to increase the exploitation capability; and (4) a new Tchebycheff aggregation method based on a subproblem decomposition-based (SDB) strategy is proposed to select high-quality individuals and design acceptance criterion. The improved performance of this method is demonstrated by comparison with two other effective methods. To verify the effectiveness of DBMA, it is compared with five other famous algorithms on 30 benchmarks. Computational results show that the DBMA can obtain better solutions than other algorithms when solving the IT2GFJSP.

Contemporary architectures in inland Corsica: the projects of Amelia Tavella and Orma Architettura

The territory of Corsica is an extensive mountain range emerging from the Mediterranean Sea. From the morphological point of view, it is a mountainous region; the flat area coincides with the narrow Tyrrhenian coastal strip of the Aleria plain. With a very low population density, which grows extensively during the summer period, Corsica preserves specific environmental and landscape characteristics that determine the quality of the place; in this respect, it is worth noting that approximately one-third of the territory is a protected natural park. The island’s main economic resources are tourism and the traditional agro-pastoral and wine economy. The essay illustrates four projects, two by the Orma Architettura studio and two by architect Amelia Tavella. All the architectures presented are united by the extreme control of the project, which determines their high design quality in terms of their relationship with the landscape, the built heritage and the local communities.

Rehabilitation clinical trials in global registries: reporting of participant inclusion by sex, age, race and ethnicity

Purpose Registries of clinical trials exist in part to standardize data for the scientific community. Studies in the United States demonstrated gaps in reporting on ClinicalTrials.gov. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate clinical trial participation among global registries. Methods This study identified registries with results reported and assessed available results for physical and rehabilitation medicine (PRM) diagnosis, intervention, primary outcome, and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) categories. Participant characteristics including sex, age, and race/ethnicity were assessed. Results A total of 93 rehabilitation trials from eight registries met inclusion criteria. Most trials included persons with musculoskeletal disorders (50.5%), technology such as robotics (25.8%) and outcomes in ICF category of body functions and structures (54.7%). Sex was reported in 61.3% of trials and varied among registries (0 to 100%). Participation of women in trials showed variability from 0 to 75%. Reporting of age of the participants was not uniform and six registries did not include age in all trials. Information about race/ethnicity was absent in most trials and registries. Conclusions Based on trials registered with accessible results, these findings may reveal either a gap in reporting results or a lack of trials investigating important PRM diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes. Implications for Rehabilitation This study contributes to the growing body of evidence that there are gaps in standardization of rehabilitation results reported on clinical trials registries. The uniform reporting of results is an important component of advancing rehabilitation science and may be a factor in high-quality study design and improved transparency.

A Study on Premium Packaging for Fresh Agricultural Products

This paper provides a value proposition and an assessment of customer value based on producers and consumer-perceived quality to utilize premium packaging for agricultural products. This paper concentrates on assessing the definition of premium packaging from customers’ perspectives, trends in fruits and vegetables premium packaging and studying the marketing implications resulting from the use of premium packaging. A total of 386 consumers and 54 wholesalers completed the questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, comparison of mean test and finally SWOT analysis was implemented to suggest strategic actions. Most of the respondents are interested in purchasing agricultural products using premium packaging. The most common products identified for premium packaging are red apples, tomato, celery, and flowers. The impact of household income is identified by the willingness to pay premium packaging for agricultural products according to household income. Because a premium image is of critical importance for many consumer goods, it is important for both designers and marketers to have a comprehensive understanding of the packaging characteristics that can evoke such a premium perception. The present research integrates knowledge from design research and marketing research to enhance the understanding of the role of packaging design in shaping consumers’ product perceptions. Considerations when designing premium packaging could be four premium cues (extraordinary differentiation, high quality of packaging materials, minimalistic design, and authenticity) as important guidelines. When these premium cues are implemented in a packaging design, consumers will recognize the product as a superior, high-quality product that is worth a higher price.

Challenges in Designing Blended Learning: the Experience of the “Schools of Instructional Design”

The concept of “blended learning” has been widely discussed in Russian higher education. However, there are different interpretations of the concept and its status is not completely clear in the Russian regulatory environment. Although the effectiveness of this mode of education has been repeatedly recognised, systematic measures for the introduction of blended learning by universities are not being implemented. One of the factors for the success of such an implementation is the high-quality instructional design for blended learning. Difficulties in instructional design use can lead to the abandonment of blended learning or the adoption of less efficient practices. This paper explores the challenges faced by representatives of Russian universities involved in designing and teaching courses in a blended mode during the COVID-19 pandemic. The method used in the study is an online survey which was conducted in 2020-2021. The respondents were participants in the professional development program “School of Instructional Design for Blended Learning”. The results of the study showed that the respondents’ professional deficits in the design of blended courses were associated with the development of new ways of designing and teaching, growth of the course quality and student-centeredness, and more efficient allocation of time resources and use of online tools. The development stage, which involves the creation or updating of digital learning resources, turned out to be the most challenging for designing. Most respondents used LMS but were not satisfied with the quality of its application; also, the majority faced the problem of retaining student engagement in blended learning. The respondents would like to improve their formative and summative assessment practices and strengthen the course quality assessment practices. Commitment to overcome the identified difficulties can contribute to the creation of more effective practice-oriented professional development programs on teaching the blended learning design for educators, instructional designers and academic advisors in Russian higher education, leading to an increase in its quality.

Electrospun nanoscale bent fibrous membrane with controllable porous structure and hydrophilic modification for high-efficiency oil-water separation, particle/bacterial filtration and antibacterial applications

Electrospun nanofiber membranes' pore structure and hydrophilicity are essential for water filtration. Pore size may be efficiently lowered in this work by decreasing the fiber diameter, changing the fiber morphology, and constructing a silicon hybrid hydrophilic coating. The hydrophilic nanofiber membranes have a small pore size (0.72 μm) and an extremely low diameter (73.5 nm). Meanwhile, the synergistic combination of catechol (CA) and tannic acid (TA) with γ-(2, 3-epoxypropyl) propyl trimethoxysilane (KH560) resulted in the formation of a homogenous silicon hybrid hydrophilic coating on the surface of the fiber membrane. The hydrophilic nanofiber membrane has an outstanding hydrophilicity (WCA = 28.3°), excellent oil-in-water emulsion separation efficiency (>99.0%), extremely high particle filtration efficiency (>99.0%), and an LRV value of more than 7.50 for Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). At 6.0 mg/mL, the antibacterial efficiency was 80% against E. coli and 96% against S. aureus. The preparation of such hydrophilic membranes can provide a novel strategy for high-quality design and development that can be applied to various water filtration applications.

A participatory project for the Librino Social Housing Community.

Social housing is the outcome of policymaking aimed at guaranteeing adequate living conditions for disadvantaged social groups. In Italy, in the post-war reconstruction period, buildings designed by internationally renowned architects, led to results of such high design quality that it is essential to preserve them. Nevertheless, their advanced degradation and functional obsolescence are due to being built with construction systems focused on quick completion and cost-effectiveness, as well as a lack of maintenance. Such conditions now impose performance upgrades and reuse for services and collective spaces. The paper addresses the issue of the recovery of this housing stock in the Italian context, analyzing the case of Librino (Catania). The research question is based on evidence that the lack of services and collective spaces in the suburbs leads people to move to other areas of the city for work, health, education, culture, and leisure. The proposed approach investigates the overall organization of the neighborhood, up to reuse pilots, as for the Moncada Theater, to improve the overall quality and attractiveness of the area, even with minor renovations. The theatre, which was abandoned before completion, is an example of how only housing was built or completed in residential areas designed to provide a wide range of services for citizens as a result of a funding shortfall. Reuse decisions are the result of user involvement with a view to social and cultural sustainability.

Investments as a Factor of Sustainable Development of Rural Areas

Sustainable development of agriculture depends heavily on the efficient utilization of all production factors, such as a reinforcement of physical infrastructure, application of science and technology, industry investment, and innovations. Agriculture plays a key role in the Kazakh economy and its sustainable development defines the country’s economic and political position. Therefore, agriculture has a complex strategic value, and activation of investments and innovations is a defining factor for the sustainable development of agriculture. The purpose of the study is to research the investment as a source and develop proposals to increase the investment for the sustainability of agriculture. The "Data Analysis” package was used for the study in a combination with methods of logical and statistical analysis. The calculations show that the combined impact of factors leads to an increased capacity for sustainable development of rural areas. The expected research results may vary and depend on the stakeholders’ interests. The proposed model will contribute to investment attractiveness, reinforcement of the investment activity and practical investment to agriculture, a high-quality design of investment projects, and personal interest of each agricultural producer in the results of their actions. Altogether, this will provide a significant increase in the economic efficiency of the industry.

Dissemination of CDASH eCRFs via the CDISC Electronic Case Report Form (eCRF) Portal and the OpenClinica Electronic Data Capture system

Electronic Data Capture (EDC) study designers can benefit from the adoption of high-quality content and study design standards. However, in practice there is often a significant lack of standardization and re-use of Electronic Case Report Form (eCRF) content, including data element naming conventions; question text and order; controlled terminologies; and overall design across organizations or across studies within an organization. We describe the implementation of validated case report form (CRF) content using the Clinical Data Acquisition Standards Harmonization (CDASH) obtained from the Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium (CDISC) eCRF Portal (https://www.cdisc.org/kb/ecrf) within an eCRF content library in the OpenClinica EDC system.The implementation of validated CDASH form content obtained from the CDISC eCRF Portal within an eCRF content library in the EDC system is intended to enhance the efficiency of study designers and to promote greater adoption of high-quality standards. With core content design standardized, more focus can be place on study-specific forms. Potential benefits discovered:Greater alignment between data points that are captured in eCRFs and those expected by statisticians and scientists. This can mean fewer delays in design and study implementation and fewer protocol amendments.Faster implementation times and lower study start-up costs, including reduced testing and validation times.Greater re-usability of data because of widely adopted naming conventions, data structures, and controlled terminologies.Out-of-the-box eCRF content that represents expert consensus yet is still easy to customize to the needs of each research program/trial.