High Level Of Qualification Research Articles

An exploration of individuals with sight impairment and their experiences with employment in the United Kingdom

There is a significant disparity between the percentage employed, of the general population, and those registered with sight impairment. In the United Kingdom, it is illegal for companies to discriminate against employees who have disabilities, and reasonable adjustments must be made by employers to prevent this from happening. This study examines factors that affect employment and explores participants’ experiences in the workforce who have sight impairments that cannot be corrected by glasses. Participants who were unregistered with sight impairment, registered with partial sight impairment, or registered with severe sight impairment completed a pre-tested online questionnaire. The aim of the questionnaire was to delve into participants experiences with employment. Results were analysed quantitatively, using descriptive statistics and correlation tests, and qualitatively, using thematic analysis. Eighty-eight participants were included, 53 of whom had severe sight impairments. The following factors were found to be associated with employment: a higher level of qualification (correlation coefficient 0.410, 95% confidence interval [CI: 0.213, 0.574]) and the ability to travel independently (correlation coefficient 0.321, 95% CI [0.113, 0.502]). Two types of support for employees were found: (1) adjustments in the workplace and (2) empathy from employers. Two types of barriers were found for unemployed individuals who are seeking employment: (1) employer discrimination and (2) a lack of self-confidence. This study highlights the factors influencing employment outcomes for individuals with sight impairment. In addition seen is the broadly positive impact that the perception of supportive employers has on people with sight impairment and supports solutions that require reducing employment-related barriers.

SMART-STRATEGIES AND INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE EU REGIONS

The purpose of the article is to generalize the foundations of formation of smart-strategy of country / region development as a factor of impact on the level of investment attractiveness. The development of globalization processes has led to positive consequences, resulting in the growth of the world’s economy. At the same time, the competition in the sphere of attracting investment resources has aggravated. Based on the analysis of indicators of investment activity of European countries and the investment attractiveness of the EU countries, it was found that the specified area is characterized by the presence of negative trends, which actualizes the need to develop tools for increasing the level of investment attractiveness. The system of factors of impact on the level of investment attractiveness of the country / region was studied. It was found that in current conditions, in addition to the traditional factors of influence on investment attractiveness, intellectual potential, flexibility, education and innovation, networking, etc. are added, which serves as the basis for the implementation of smart approaches in the formation of regional development strategies. The article defines the features of the formation of a smart approach to development strategies, which is based on the combination of technological and industrial components. It was found that the basis of smart-strategies is the specialization of the country / region, which is formed considering the resource provision and development potential of the region, the ability to diversify, the ability to achieve a high level of concentration of business entities in the region, the place of the region in the economic system. Building a regional policy based on smart-strategies will stimulate economic development, increase competitiveness and investment attractiveness of countries / regions. On the basis of the conducted research, a number of challenges related to the implementation of the smart approach were identified, namely, a high level of subjectivism and the need to ensure a high level of qualification of the participants in the discussions when implementing the mechanism of inclusive management; the growth of internal competition in the case of the formation of homogeneous specialization of several EU countries / regions; taking into account external risks, one of which is a full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war; implementation of adaptive approaches in the process of formation and implementation of smart-strategies. Addressing these challenges will contribute to increasing the efficiency of smart-strategy formation for a high level of investment attractiveness of the EU regions.

Modern conditions for reproduction of the educational potential of the Russian workforce

The relevance of the research is related to the need to substantiate the specifics of reproduction of the educational potential of workforce as a key resource that ensures generation of new knowledge, its successful implementation into practice, and innovative development of domestic enterprises. The purpose of the article is to identify and analyse modern conditions for the reproduction of the educational potential of the workforce. The research methodology is based on the use of an integrated and systematic approach to determining them, comparative and statistical methods of analysis. As conditions for the formation of the educational potential in the post-industrial era, the article considers: demographic conditions, globalisation, formation of a unified information space, and digitalisation of the economy, increasing demand for skilled labour, accelerated development of the service sector, and increase in labour migration. The results of the analysis show that in Russia, the reproduction of the educational potential is hampered as a result of the demographic crisis manifested in the continuation of the trend towards natural population decline and an increase in the number of people of retirement age; increase in the scale of external migration of skilled labour; average level of Internet accessibility to the population, and, as a result, insufficient formation of its digital skills. Attention is focused on the growing need of the national economy for personnel with a high educational and qualification level, digital skills, and information culture due to the formation of a unified information space and digitalisation of the economy, accelerated development of the service sector, globalisation, and the increasing role of universities in shaping the general culture of the population. The prospects for further research are to develop an organisational and economic mechanism for reproducing the educational potential of the workforce.

The Effectiveness of a MOOC as a Form of Professional Learning: An Examination of an Adolescent Learner Social and Emotional Well-Being Course

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) provide borderless opportunities to engage with content and ideas, with prospective participants from around the globe being able to easily register. The course featured in this study focused on the social and emotional well-being of adolescents, selected because of a recognized need for professional learning related to this topic. It was purposely designed for delivery as a MOOC and was designed as a 6h program around four topics to be completed over two weeks in asynchronous mode. It was delivered seven times from 2019 to 2023, with 32,969 individuals enrolled across these deliveries. The effectiveness of engaging in the course for professional learning purposes is of particular interest to this study. To that end, a convergent mixed methods study was conducted. First, quantitative and qualitative survey data collected at various course stages were examined to reveal the demographic characteristics of participants and their experiences in the course using data from surveys and comments about their experiences. The findings revealed, among other factors, that 65% were female, with just under half (47%) aged 45 years or less, nearly half (44%) held a bachelor’s degree as their highest level of qualification, and 48% were employed within the teaching and education sector. The most active learners were from Europe (48%) and Asia (27%), with active learners from a total of 178 countries. The course has a high course retention index, with 51% of learners completing 51% of the course and 8383 learners completing 90% or more of the course. The qualitative findings reveal the strongly positive experiences reported by the active participants. Secondly, we examined the effectiveness of the MOOC for participants’ professional learning needs by assessing the course using a framework with ten domains related to its core design features, modified for use by the course designers as a self-reflective tool. We found that the domains that scored the lowest were collaboration, interactivity, and, to a lesser extent, pedagogy. The study’s limitations include the incomplete data provided as part of the MOOC protocols, and the use of a self-reflection tool, which may inadvertently incorporate bias. This study points to these gaps in the data, including the need to access longitudinal data that go beyond a focus on the design of courses to extend to the impact and outcomes of the experience.

Study of the usage of STEM technologies in the context of training Ukrainian teachers of computer science in accordance with the social needs and challenges of today

Abstract The article discusses the use of STEM technologies in the training of competitive specialists to meet social needs and challenges in the context of the war in Ukraine. The authors analyse the theoretical foundations and the impact of the STEM approach on modern education, focusing on the introduction of STEM technologies in the process of teaching future computer science teachers. The significance of STEM education as an important trend due to its natural science component and innovative technologies is discussed. The key components of the model of teacher training in STEM are identified, such as target, content, activity, evaluation and result. In order to verify the proposed model, an experimental study was conducted to determine the indicators of students’ attitude towards STEM technologies. The necessity of ensuring a high level of teacher qualification for the effective formation of STEM knowledge and skills, as well as solving practical problems of various levels of complexity, is substantiated. The article determines how modern STEM technologies can meet social needs and challenges, especially in times of war. The authors aimed to identify strategies and approaches for the effective use of STEM technologies in education, which will ensure the competitiveness of Ukrainian specialists.

Smart development in the making: Links between commuting, digital technologies and the demand for e-government applications in Hungary

Although various actors have examined the user acceptance of e-government developments, less attention has so far devoted to the relationship between attitudes of certain commuter groups against digital technologies and their intention to engage in productive time-use by mobile devices. This paper aims to fill this gap by establishing an overall framework which focuses on Hungarian commuters’ attitudes toward e-government applications as well as their possible demands of developing them. Relying on a representative questionnaire survey conducted in Hungary in March and April 2020, the data were examined by a machine learning and correlations to identify the factors, attitudes and demands that influence the use of mobile devices during frequent commuting. The paper argues that the regularity of commuting in rural areas, as well as the higher levels of qualification and employment status in cities show a more positive, technophile attitude to new ICT and mobile technologies that strengthen the demands for digital development, with special regard to optimising e-government applications for certain types of commuting groups. One of the main limitations of this study is that results suggest a picture of the commuters in a narrow timeframe. The findings suggest that developing e-government applications is necessary and desirable from both of the supply and demand sides. Based on prior scholarly knowledge, no research has ever analysed these correlations in Hungary where commuters are among the European citizens who spend extensive time with commuting.

Sources of Endogenous Economic Growth in 83 Russian Regions

According to the theory of endogenous growth, technologies play a key role in economic development. Digital technologies, as innovations that create new innovations, change economic activity and create new opportunities for economic growth. Digitalization helps to reduce specific economic costs, changes the nature of work. It also causes the substitution of labor with capital. The study is devoted to characterizing the features of regional development and evaluate digital predictors of economic growth. We used a sample of data from 83 regions in the period 2009-2019, excluding from the sample years 2020 and 2021 because of changes in economic dynamics under the influence of pandemic shocks. Econometric estimates are obtained using least squares and a feasible generalized least squares method based on unidirectional panel data models. A statistically significant influence of the number of university students, innovation costs on the growth rate of gross regional product per capita was found. The impact of the number of granted patents and the number of Internet users of the organization on the regional development was not confirmed. The results of the study emphasize the necessity of state science and innovation policy to reduce technological inequality, strengthen macroeconomic stability, high level of qualifications and technologies. The direction of further research can be the creation of indicator system measuring the quality of political and economic institutions.

Software and hardware complex based on the STM32F407VG microcontroller for the study of vibra-tions with the LIS3DSH accelerometer

Commonly used color models are reviewed and analyzed, namely the RGB model and subtractive models, including CMY and CMYK. The characteristics of colorimeters based on the use of RGB, CMY and CMYK models have been studied. A comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of RGB and CMYK models was carried out. The developed digital colorimeter allows for express control of color characteristics with high metrological accuracy and does not require a high level of qualification of service personnel. This device reproduces the perception of color by human vision, and its use is intended for both people with normal and impaired vision. The great advantage of this device is its mobility, the speed of measurements and the absence of the need for a specialized laboratory and highly qualified specialists. Full-scale measurements of the output voltage on the photodiodes of the colorimeter corresponding to red, blue and green colors were carried out.

Characteristics of the labor market in Croatia and contemporary external migration

The paper analyzes the characteristics of the labor market in Croatia, the changes in the demographic potential of the working-age population, and the structural determinants of the labor system. The movement of the number of able-bodied, active and inactive population from 2013 until today, points to a trend of decreasing the able-bodied contingent, economic activity and unemployment of the population, and an increase in employment. The analysis showed that the structural problems on the labor market in Croatia are an insufficiency of educational staff, structural unemployment, youth unemployment, and the mismatch between the supply and demand of jobs. Such characteristics of the work system influenced the movement of the determinants of external migration in Croatia, especially after 2013. Simultaneously with the strengthening of emigration, the number of immigrated persons also increases, so that from 2013 to 2022, their number amounted to about 195 thousand of mostly foreign citizens. We can establish that we are talking about free economic migrations and an increased inflow of labor, mostly unskilled workers, which makes up for the lack of domicile workforce.Structural-selective unemployment in Croatia can be analyzed on a general level according to age groups and according to education, and on a specific level, through indicators of the skills mismatch on the labor market. The total unemployment rate in Croatia has experienced a significant decline since 2013, and current unemployment is the lowest in the youngest working age, and the highest in the age over 40. Compared to 2013, the share of unemployed persons with primary and lower secondary education in Croatia is continuously decreasing, the share of unemployed persons with upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education levels is slightly falling (with frequent oscillations), while the share of unemployed persons with tertiary education is increasing. Problems on the labor market in Croatia have been noticeable after the global economic crisis of 2008 and its high unemployment, and in the last ten years also in the areas with a low level of economic activity of the population and a lack of domestic labor for the functionality of certain sectors of activity.On the other hand, the structure of the emigrant contingent, in which the young and able-bodied population predominates, points to the outflow of labor force of medium and high qualification levels. The review of research on recent emigration confirms the complex conditionality of leaving Croatia, and among the main factors a group of economic ones arising from the macroeconomic situation and structural deficiencies in the labor market stands out. In addition to economic factors, other types of factors are strengthening, which is why the continuation of the emigration of the Croatian population and the immigration of the foreign population are likely to be expected. The isolated and presented indicators and trends point to the complexity of the relationship between economic and labor factors, contemporary migration patterns and demographic characteristics of the resident population, in accordance with previous theoretical and empirical knowledge.

Employment policy and unemployment problems in Georgia

Methods: The study of the labor market is based on the analysis of the data of the National Department of Statistics of Georgia and studies conducted by international organizations. In the research process, the methods of scientific abstraction were used – when defining the labor market and the essence of the concepts «unemployment» and «employment»; comparative analysis – when comparing the employment situation of the population of Georgia and some other countries; statistics – when determining the dynamics of the main indicators of the labor market. Results. The current state of the labor market in Georgia was analyzed and the dynamics of its main indicators for the period 2017–2023 were determined. The main problems in the field of employment of the Georgian economy were identified, which include incomplete use of labor resources, differentiation of population incomes, imbalance between demand and supply of professions. The analysis of the labor market in Georgia revealed that the majority of jobs in the national economy are created in industries that do not use modern technologies and, therefore, do not require highly qualified specialists; employees with a high level of qualification cannot find a job in their specialty for a long time, as a result of which they lose their qualifications or are forced to work in low-skilled jobs; the level of education received and real knowledge often turn out to be incompatible with each other. The components of state policy in the sphere of employment regulation are considered. A comparative analysis of this policy was carried out in such countries as: Georgia, Latvia, Estonia, Hungary, Austria. Prospects for increasing the effectiveness of employment policy in Georgia are outlined. Novelty. As a result of the study of the employment policy, it was found that its tools have different effects on solving the problem of unemployment with regard to the short-term and longterm periods. Job search assistance programs have been shown to have the same results in both the short and long term, while vocational training programs have been shown to perform much better in the medium and long term. Practical value. The results obtained during the research can be useful in the formation of employment policy at both the regional and state levels of the functioning of the national economy.

Designing a semi-automated decision-making system for selecting recipients of social services

The object of this research is the decision-making process in the context of selecting recipients of social services using a semi-automated expert system. The main focus is on improving the mechanisms of assessment and selection of candidates eligible for assistance, in order to ensure a more efficient and objective allocation of resources. The problem addressed in this study is the need to improve the accuracy and efficiency of decision-making processes in social services through the implementation of semi-automated systems. In particular, reducing subjective influence in selection processes, as well as reducing the time and resources required to process applications. The study shows that the introduction of a semi-automated system can significantly reduce the response time to applications, increase the accuracy of candidate selection and ensure greater transparency in the decision-making process. The system, based on data analysis algorithms and production rules, is able to adapt to changing conditions and requirements, providing solutions based on up-to-date information. The effectiveness of the semi-automated system is due to the use of modern technologies for processing large volumes of data and the use of complex mathematical models for the analysis of this data. The implementation of a modular system with individually adjustable parameters allows the system to accurately evaluate each case based on the expected criteria, ensuring a high level of adaptability and accuracy. The results of the research can be applied in practice in various social security institutions, where there is a need to automate the processes of selection and decision-making. Important conditions for the effective implementation of the system are the availability of sufficient technical support, a high level of qualification of the personnel engaged in putting the system into operation, as well as a clear understanding of the rules and procedures that regulate social protection. In addition, to guarantee the successful application of the system, it is necessary to ensure compliance with all regulatory and legislative requirements, especially regarding the protection of personal data.

Botulinum toxin in modern cosmetology practice: from high efficiency to the problem of complications (analysis of clinical observation)

At the present stage, there has been an increase in the popularity of wrinkle correction using botulinum toxin, which is largely due to the quick and long-lasting result of this procedure. The accumulated scientific and practical experience shows that cosmetic injections of botulinum toxin are rarely accompanied by complications. However, due to the high demand for procedures and the significant commercialization of this area, cases of its implementation by persons without proper professional education and using non-certified injectables have become more frequent. This often leads to undesirable consequences of the procedure and late treatment of such patients in specialized medical institutions. The article focuses on the fact that a prerequisite for this procedure is a high level of qualification of a dermatocosmetologist, the obligatory observance of the injection technique and the use of only certified medical preparations. In order to inform healthcare professionals about this problem, we present our own clinical observations of patients with complications after botulinum toxin injections performed by non-medical personnel.

Increasing the Operational Safety of NPP Pumping Equipment by Using Interactive Automated Remote Educational and Training Systems

The main attention during the operation of the nuclear power plant is paid to the issue of nuclear and radiation safety. NPP pumping equipment is the most important element of the safety system. Specialists who operate NPP pumping equipment need an understanding of the role and purpose of each pump type in the overall nuclear power plant system. The reliable and uninterrupted operation of energy facilities depends on the training and maintenance of personnel qualification at the appropriate level. Due to the correct equipment operation, it is possible to increase the safety and reliability of power units, extend the service life, increase the energy efficiency of mechanisms and systems, which requires a high level of qualification of maintenance specialists.
 An effective solution for training of NPP technical specialists is offered. The structure of an interactive educational system with the introduction of learning scenarios is considered, which allows effective preservation and transfer of knowledge and skills. Ways of evolution for this class systems and areas of further research are considered.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Physiotherapists in COVID-19 ICUs: A National Survey.

COVID-19 belongs to the beta-corona cluster that spreads enormously via aerosols. Physiotherapists must be knowledgeable about the symptoms, mode of transmission, risk mitigation strategies, and practice guidelines for COVID-19. This study aimed to assess physiotherapists' knowledge of COVID-19 guidelines, their attitude toward this new evolving field, and their practice routines in India's COVID-19 ICUs. It was a cross-sectional study. A total of 600 questionnaires were distributed through e-mail and WhatsApp to physiotherapists using Google Forms between February 2022 and January 2023. The questionnaires consisted of demographics and 23 questions in three sections about the knowledge, attitude, and practice of physiotherapists working in the COVID-19 ICU. Data analysis was carried out using Jamovi. A total of 136 responses were obtained from 18 states of India. Of 136 participants, 89 were female (65.4%) and 47 were male (34.6%). The highest level of qualification was BPT (n = 69 (50.7%)), followed by MPT (n = 62 (45.6%)) and Ph.D. (3 (3.7%)). The knowledge about COVID-19 guidelines is fair. Only 21.3% of the physiotherapists received training before being deployed in COVID-19 ICUs, and the CARP protocol was well known by only as few as 10.3%. The criteria advised for close monitoring of patients during treatment was aware by 29.4%. Most physiotherapists have a good attitude toward treating COVID-19 patients; 70.63% strongly agree that physiotherapy is vital in these patients despite the risk of self-exposure, and 64.7% agree that physiotherapy should be initiated during all phases of COVID-19. Physiotherapists follow good practices for COVID-19 patients in the ICU, which is as per the guideline recommendation. Physiotherapists working in COVID-19 ICUs have a fair knowledge of the existing physiotherapy guidelines for COVID-19, and they exhibit good attitudes and practice patterns.

ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНО-ПРАВОВИЙ МЕХАНІЗМ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ КІБЕРБЕЗПЕКИ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ СИСТЕМ В УМОВАХ ВИКЛИКІВ СУЧАСНОСТІ

Communication in cyberspace with the use of digital technologies reflects a global trend and more effective implementation of social relations in general, and in the business sector in particular. The use of digital technologies in business significantly accelerates the exchange of various information, which increases the efficiency of business processes, in particular through the use of digital marketing, online platforms for negotiations, transactions, etc. At the same time the digital world has another side, which conceals a number of threats to businesses and their owners. Digitalization is the formation of a sustainable communication system using digital technologies and cyberspace. Therefore the integration of physical and virtual environments creates preconditions for the emergence of threats, which are mostly concentrated in cyberspace. Ensuring the security of cyberspace in the face of today’s challenges is a highly relevant and at the same time complex issue that requires a comprehensive approach. The article outlines the construct of the organizational and legal mechanism which regulates the organization of the process of ensuring cybersecurity of socio-economic systems in the legal field and highlights the main theses which reflect the essence of its functioning. It has been noted that the purpose of the organizational and legal mechanism for ensuring cybersecurity is to organize the process of cyberspace protection through the use of the regulatory framework as a regulatory instrument and effective management of an economic entity’s resources. It has been suggested to base the formation of an effective organizational and legal mechanism on the idea of creating a global cyber security system as a guarantee of civilization development in the conditions of the latest technologies. It has been established that process of protecting cyberspace is carried out with the help of human and financial resources. Training of cybersecurity specialists is an extremely important component of the process of ensuring cybersecurity of socio-economic systems, since a high level of cyber specialist qualification increases the ability of society to withstand cyber threats. At the same time, ensuring the process of cyber specialists training and forming the necessary material and technical base for cyberspace protection require sufficient financial resources. In this context, the issue of state funding for strategic cyberspace defense programs is important. It has been suggested to carry out international cooperation within the framework of cyber defense which involves ratification of international treaties in the field of cybersecurity, implementation of certain (effective) international legal norms into the national legislation of Ukraine.

Sou Professora, Estou Gestora: Mulheres Líderes em Instituições de Ensino Superior

Abstract Despite the higher proportion of women in higher education in Brazil, they are still disadvantaged in the workplace. This study aimed to understand the experiences of female leaders in Brazilian higher education institutions. For this, a phenomenological design using Comprehensive Narratives was used. The results were organized into three structuring axes: (a) I am a professor, I am a manager; (b) The relationship between work and personal life; and (c) Overcoming social and organizational paradigms. Teaching is considered a professional identity, with management and leadership being secondary. Despite their high qualification and cultural level, women still suffer from gender biases and barriers. Motherhood is one of the main dilemmas between professional and private life, however, support from the husband is a stress reliever. The question is whether women are less interested in taking on leadership roles or whether the combination of organizational, cultural, and social conditions limits their opportunities.

Платформна зайнятість як інструмент подолання дефіциту робочої сили та розвитку людського капіталу

The aim of the article is to comprehensively discuss platform employment, which accumulates workers of both high and low qualifications, and to study the possibilities of using this non-standard form of employment to overcome the shortage of labor force and develop human capital in conditions of permanent crises of instability. The factors of formation of the shortage of labor force in the labor market of Ukraine and the loss of human capital are analyzed. It is determined that in order to overcome the shortage of labor, the main directions of employment policy should be attracting the maximum number of people to the national labor market and developing non-standard forms of employment, in particular platform employment. The features of platform employment as a tool for overcoming the shortage of personnel in the labor market are disclosed. The presence of two poles of employment on digital platforms has been revealed. First, it is low-skilled employment, and secondly, works and services that require special knowledge and a high professional qualification level. It is determined that the quality of employment on digital platforms depends on the professional and qualification level of employees, on their skills in using interactive technologies (applications, social networks and platforms in the Internet environment) and on personal characteristics (adaptability, flexibility, ability to learn, professional development, etc.). The results of the study confirmed that one of the most important ways to improve the employment situation related to labor shortages is the integration into the national labor market of internally displaced persons, persons with disabilities, veterans, migrants and persons who were forced to leave the country. To achieve this goal, it is important to comprehensively use different types of platform employment to balance the supply and demand of labor in the face of increased economic and social insecurity due to war shocks.

СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ РАЗВИТИЕМ ПЕРСОНАЛА ГОРНОДОБЫВАЮЩИХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ

The article formulates a number of important conclusions and recommendations for the management of personnel development of mining enterprises. It is proved that the formation of a personnel development system at an enterprise in modern conditions is an objective necessity from the point of view of ensuring its market competitiveness and efficiency. It is established that the pace of development of scientific and technological progress necessitates the constant support of the high qualification level of its employees. Therefore, a specific feature of the formation of personnel development systems at enterprises is the need to update and maintain them in conditions of increasing complexity of technological and production processes.

Employee Competence in Conditions of Socio-Economic Uncertainty

Using sociological literature as a foundation, this article examines such a phenomenon as employee competence in the current landscape. In part one of the article we sought to formulate the sociological concept of uncertainty and trace its evolution depending on the stage of social development. Uncertainty in the postindustrial period is defined as a plethora of processes and phenomena associated with increasingly autonomous living, susceptibility to an environment that’s constantly changing, as well as a multitude of potential alternative solutions and actions. These conditions foster massive opportunities for people to unlock their creative potential, the downside being increased anxiety and insecurity, social isolation and inequality. The second part of the article focuses on studying such a phenomenon as the competence of modern-day workers, given the current context of socio-economic uncertainty. Although competence has developed based on the industrial model of professional training, it is currently transitioning to the next stage of its evolution. With modern capitalism undergoing rejuvenation, competence is sort of individualizing, becoming defined by one’s cultural capital, personality traits and biography, turning out to be unique and possessing internal complexity and flexibility. This new sort of competence is welcome in places where the main criteria are high level of qualification and up to date knowledge, that contribute to developing the most cutting edge and creative sectors of the economy, new spaces and forms of work activity. When it comes to non-ideal workers, for them competence embodies a rational strategy of situational adaptation of their skills and abilities to the current labor market. Certain new educational and political initiatives are developing in that same general direction, with them aiming to reproduce “aptitude for employment” among the vast majority of the working population. But at the same time labor markets and organizations are starting to function as “machines that reproduce inequality”. Despite the fact that modern competence is being engulfed by an entire industry of intermediaries, achieving it is proving to be a difficult task for modern society.

Кәсіпорынның экономикалық тиімділігін арттыру

Factors that can be controlled by an enterprise at a certain level (suppliers, buyers, competitors, labor market) are defined as factors of direct influence. By establishing close cooperation with suppliers, many enterprises have the opportunity to improve product quality, save money, and quickly enter new markets. To beat the competition, you need to pay close attention to customers and come up with new ways to attract and retain them. In the process of increasing production efficiency, it is necessary to take into account the basic strategic principles. Since the labor market consists of people who can be hired by the enterprise, their high level of qualifications has a direct impact on improving efficiency. When considering ways to increase the economic efficiency of an enterprise, not only each factor is considered separately, but also ways to supplement and compare them are considered.