High Prevalence Of Insomnia Symptoms Research Articles

Maternal Sleep Health, Social Support, and Distress: A Mixed–Methods Analysis of Mothers of Infants and Young Children in Rural US

ABSTRACT Objectives The purpose of this study was to explore sleep health in rural maternal populations through a social-ecological framework and identify risk and protective factors for this population. Methods 39 individuals who are mothers of infants or children under the age of 5 years completed an online survey, 35 of which completed a subsequent semi-structured interview. Recruitment was limited to one rural community and was in partnership with community healthcare providers. Results were integrated using a convergent, parallel mixed-methods design. Results Poor sleep health and high prevalence of insomnia symptoms in rural mothers were evident and associated with social support and maternal distress. Qualitative content from interviews indicated that well-established precipitating and perpetuating factors for insomnia may contribute to poor maternal sleep health. Results also revealed a gap in knowledge and language surrounding sleep health among rural mothers. Conclusions Sleep health is challenged during the transition to motherhood and rural mothers have less access to specialized perinatal and behavioral health care than their urban counterparts. In this sample, poor sleep was attributable to distress in addition to nocturnal infant and child sleep patterns which has implications for psychoeducation and promotion of sleep health in mothers. Sleep is a modifiable health indicator that is associated with several other maternal health outcomes and should be considered an element of a comprehensive maternal health for prevention and intervention across individual, interpersonal, and societal domains of the social-ecological model of sleep health.

The association of stress and work hours with sleep duration and insomnia symptoms among U.S.-born and Foreign-born Black adults

ObjectiveTo examine associations between stress and work hours with sleep duration and insomnia symptoms among U.S.-born and Foreign-born Black adults. DesignA cross-sectional analysis of the National Health Interview Survey. ParticipantsBlack adults (N = 16,315) with a mean age of 40 ± 0.1 years, mostly women (52.7%), college graduates (40.7%), and U.S.-born (82.5%). MeasurementsParticipants self-reported sleep duration, insomnia symptoms, frequent stress (yes/no), and work hours in the prior week (1-39 hours, 40 hours, ≥41 hours). Poisson regression with robust variance was used to test associations overall and by nativity. ResultsWorking ≥41 hours, frequent stress, and short sleep duration (<7 hours) were reported by 22%, 24.9%, and 43% of participants, respectively. U.S.-born and Foreign-born Black adults who reported frequent stress and working ≥41 hours vs. 40 hours had 60% and 19% higher prevalence of short sleep duration (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 1.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.47, 1.74 and aPR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.25, respectively). Foreign-born Black adults who worked 1-39 hours vs. 40 hours, had higher prevalence of short sleep duration, aPR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.37. U.S.-born Black adults who worked ≥41 hours vs. 40 hours had higher prevalence of insomnia symptoms (trouble falling asleep: aPR = 1.33 [95% CI: 1.13, 1.56], trouble staying asleep: aPR = 1.33 [95% CI: 1.16, 1.53]). ConclusionFrequent stress and working ≥41 hours are likely salient determinants of sleep health for U.S. and Foreign-born Black individuals. Further, less work hours (Foreign-born) while longer work hours (U.S.-born) were associated with short sleep duration. Stress and work hours may be factors for sleep health interventions among Black adults.

The associations of BMI, chronic conditions and lifestyle factors with insomnia symptoms among older adults in India.

BackgroundThe aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of insomnia symptoms and to examine the associations of body mass index (BMI), chronic diseases, and lifestyle factors with self-reported insomnia symptoms among older people in India.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the baseline wave of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) that was collected during 2017–18. A sample of 31,358 older adults aged 60 and above was included in the analyses. Descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed to obtain the results.ResultsIn this study, insomnia symptoms were reported by around 36 percent of older adults aged 60 and above. After controlling for socio-demographic factors, insomnia symptoms were positively associated with the risk of being underweight [AOR: 1.289, CI: 1.211–1.372] and negatively associated with obesity/overweight [AOR: 0.928, CI: 0.872–0.990] as compared to older adults with normal BMI. The odds of insomnia symptoms were higher among those who reported the following chronic conditions, i.e., hypertension [AOR:1.356, CI:1.278–1.438], diabetes [AOR:1.160, CI:1.074–1.254], chronic lung diseases [AOR:1.485, CI:1.351–1.632], bone-related diseases [AOR:1.561, CI:1.458–1.670] and any psychiatric disorders [AOR:1.761, CI:1.495–2.074]. In addition, older adults who were physically active [AOR: 0.850, CI:0.804–0.900] were less likely to report insomnia symptoms.ConclusionsThe study suggests a high prevalence of insomnia symptoms among the older population in India. Early identification of the signs of insomnia in older population is crucial, as is timely treatment for any kind of sleep problems. In addition, nutrition-based interventions and individual disease-specific management programs may help minimize the stressful situations in later life and develop a good night’s sleep for the older population.

Abstract 12801: Heart Failure as an Independent Predictor of Insomnia Symptoms

Background: Heart failure (HF) is accompanied with several untoward outcomes including insomnia symptoms. Many factors including comorbidities, experienced symptoms, and psychosocial characteristics associated with HF were attributed to the high prevalence of insomnia symptoms in persons with HF. However, it is not yet clear if HF itself contributes to insomnia symptoms regardless of these associated factors. Purpose: The purpose of this analysis was to investigate the association of HF with insomnia symptoms in adjusted models for sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors. Methods: A secondary data analysis guided by the neurocognitive model of insomnia was conducted on data from the health and retirement study using multiple logistic regression. The total sample size included 17,910 subjects of which 1,189 were identified to have HF. Results: The results showed that those with HF were approximately two times more likely to have insomnia symptoms (OR:1.95, p &lt;0.001) in the unadjusted model. After adjusting for age, sex, race, ethnicity, education, marital status, income, poverty level, sleep-disordered breathing, obesity, depression symptoms, comorbid diseases, smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity using block-wise selection, HF maintained a significant association with insomnia symptoms (OR:1.15, p&lt;0.05). When looking at each insomnia symptom separately, HF significantly predicted difficulty initiating sleep (OR: 1.23, p &lt; 0.01) in the fully adjusted model, but maintained a trend with difficulty maintaining sleep and early morning awakening. Conclusion: These results are suggestive of an alerting effect in HF which could be attributed to its pathophysiology. Specifically, the neurohormonal compensatory mechanism and the increased sympathetic stimulation in heart failure may exert an alerting effect during the day and contribute to a hyper-arousal state and difficulty initiating sleep before it partially wears off after sleep. Further studies are needed to investigate this hypothesis.

Insomnia symptoms during the early and late stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundEvidence suggests that the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the prevention/control measures for COVID-19 may cause insomnia during the acute phase of COVID-19 pandemic in China. However, it is unclear whether insomnia sustains during the later phases of the pandemic. MethodsWe searched PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from the 27th December 2019 to the 2nd February 2021. As early stage studies on COVID-19 pandemic in China were defined as those conducted prior to April 1st, 2020, while late stage studies were those conducted after April 1st, 2020. ResultsA total of 98 studies with 193,889 participants were included. The pooled prevalence of insomnia symptoms among all populations was 39.1% (95% CI 36.2–42.0%); the pooled prevalence of insomnia symptoms during the early and late stages of COVID-19 in China were 37.0% (95% CI 34.1–39.9%) and 41.8% (95% CI 33.6–50.0%), respectively. Importantly, there was no significant difference regarding the prevalence of insomnia symptoms between the early and late stages of COVID-19. Meta-regression showed that healthcare workers, COVID-19 patients, patients with chronic medical conditions and patients with mental disorders had a higher prevalence of insomnia symptoms compared to the general population. This association remained significant in healthcare workers and patients with chronic medical conditions after adjusting for age, gender, areas of high or low prevalence of COVID-19 cases, anxiety and depression. ConclusionsOver one third of our sample present insomnia symptoms during the early stage of COVID-19 pandemic in China. Interestingly, prevalence of insomnia symptoms sustains high during the late stage of the pandemic despite the control of the disease and the amelioration of its adverse effects. Our findings suggest that insomnia symptoms related to COVID-19 appear to persist of over time.

Comorbid Insomnia and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (COMISA): Current Concepts of Patient Management.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and insomnia are the two most common sleep disorders among the general population, and they may often coexist in patients with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). The higher prevalence of insomnia symptoms in patients with OSA (40–60%) compared to that observed in the general population has thus led researchers to identify a new disorder named comorbid insomnia and OSA (COMISA), whose true burden has been so far largely underestimated. The combined treatment of COMISA patients with positive-airway pressure ventilation (PAP) with cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTi) has shown a better patient outcome compared to that obtained with a single treatment. Furthermore, recent evidence has shown that an innovative patient-centered approach taking into consideration patient characteristics, treatment preferences and accessibility to treatment is recommended to optimize clinical management of COMISA patients. However, in this complex mosaic, many other sleep disorders may overlap with COMISA, so there is an urgent need for further research to fully understand the impact of these therapies on outcomes for OSA patients with comorbidity. In light of this need, this review focuses on the major sleep disorders comorbid with OSA and the recent advances in the management of these insomniac patients.

726 Relationships Between Sleep and Psychological Adjustment During the COVID-19 Pandemic

IntroductionDisruption of daily routines (employment, social interaction, health behaviors) during the COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to psychological distress (worry, rumination), likely impacting sleep-related behaviors. This study evaluated change in psychological adjustment and insomnia symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThe sample included 192 adults from Utah who completed three data collection cycles across 9 consecutive months to assess self-reported depressive, anxiety, and insomnia symptoms. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were assessed via the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-8). Insomnia was measured by the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Data were analyzed using mixed-effect modeling and adjusted for anxiety and depression to determine their independent effects on insomnia symptoms. Spaghetti plots examined mean changes over time and significance was set at p<0.05. Average anxiety, depression, and insomnia severity scores were aggregated for each month.ResultsAs participants’ symptoms of anxiety and depression increased in severity, insomnia symptoms increased similarly. Over half of participants reported clinically significant ISI scores (59.38%). In both the random intercept and random slope models, there were significant independent effects of anxiety on insomnia severity (F=20.69; p<0.0001) and significant effects of depression on insomnia severity (F=87.44, p<0.0001). While the change in insomnia severity over time was on the boundary of statistical significance (F=3.54; p=0.0618), dropping from 15.17 (April) to 12.58 (December), our longitudinal analyses revealed no significant difference for the effect of anxiety or depression in predicting insomnia severity over time. Participants’ monthly averages varied for sleep and psychological scores (ISI) from 12.58 to 16.07 (SD=3.76 to 6.34 for December and September, respectively), (GAD-7) from 3.47 to 6.39 (SD=3.36 to 5.26 for December and June, respectively), and (PHQ-8) 4.47 to 6.10 (SD=4.65 to 4.39 for December and June, respectively).ConclusionResults demonstrate high prevalence of insomnia symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and underscore the importance of examining mental health functioning and psychological resiliency on sleep in order to enhance prevention efforts in response to a significant stressor.Support (if any):

Prevalence of Insomnia Symptoms and Need for an Intervention Among Direct-Care Workers in Long-Term Care

This study examined the prevalence of insomnia symptoms among direct-care workers at an assisted-living community and their perceived need for a sleep intervention. Thirty-five participants reported their main sleep-related concerns, willingness to participate in a sleep intervention, and preferred delivery forms/content of the intervention. They also reported nightly sleep characteristics via ecological momentary assessment (EMA) for 2 weeks. 80% reported any sleep-related concern; insomnia-related concern was most prevalent (57%). This was also evident in their EMA reports of waking up in the middle of the night or early morning for 72% of the days. Most (66%) expressed interest in participating in a sleep intervention either online or in group sessions. Mindfulness strategies were most preferred, followed by cognitive-behavioral therapy, and sleep hygiene education. The high prevalence of insomnia symptoms in direct-care workers needs to be addressed by future interventions for their well-being as well as for the quality of care.

My job impacts my sleep: signs and symptoms of insomnia among healthcare workers.

Potential insomnia in healthcare workers is a public health concern as it may degrade the quality of patient care. We examined the prevalence of insomnia symptoms in healthcare workers and their perceived need for a sleep intervention. Participants were 62 nurses working full-time at a U.S. hospital. These nurses were asked about background characteristics, perceived stress, sleep concerns, and need for a sleep intervention. They also participated in 14-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and actigraphy sleep study. A qualitative analysis showed that the majority (92%) of participants reported at least one sleep concern with insomnia-related concerns being most prevalent (68%). Quantitative analyses indicated that those with insomnia-related concerns had higher perceived stress overall and lower EMA sleep sufficiency and sleep quality. Moreover, participants with insomnia concerns had shorter actigraphy-measured nap duration prior to non-workdays than those without. Nearly all (95%) expressed interest in participating in a sleep intervention; an online format and mindfulness contents were most preferred. Our results suggest a high prevalence of insomnia symptoms and a high interest in a sleep intervention in nurses. Information obtained from this study could be used to deliver a tailored sleep intervention for nurses whose role in public health is essential.

My job impacts my sleep: signs and symptoms of insomnia among healthcare workers.

Potential insomnia in healthcare workers is a public health concern as it may degrade the quality of patient care. We examined the prevalence of insomnia symptoms in healthcare workers and their perceived need for a sleep intervention. Participants were 62 nurses working full-time at a U.S. hospital. These nurses were asked about background characteristics, perceived stress, sleep concerns, and need for a sleep intervention. They also participated in 14-d ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and actigraphy sleep study. A qualitative analysis showed that the majority (92%) of participants reported at least one sleep concern with insomnia-related concerns being most prevalent (68%). Quantitative analyses indicated that those with insomnia-related concerns had higher perceived stress overall and lower EMA sleep sufficiency and sleep quality. Moreover, participants with insomnia concerns had shorter actigraphy-measured nap duration prior to non-workdays than those without. Nearly all (95%) expressed interest in participating in a sleep intervention; an online format and mindfulness contents were most preferred. Our results suggest a high prevalence of insomnia symptoms and a high interest in a sleep intervention in nurses. Information obtained from this study could be used to deliver a tailored sleep intervention for nurses whose role in public health is essential.

Sleep Efficiency and Total Sleep Time in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes with and without Insomnia Symptoms.

There is increasing awareness of the high prevalence of insomnia symptoms in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Past studies have established the importance of measuring sleep parameters using measures of central tendency and variability. Additionally, subjective and objective methods involve different constructs due to the discrepancies between the two approaches. Therefore, this study is aimed at comparing the averages of sleep parameters in individuals with T2D with and without insomnia symptoms and comparing the variability of sleep parameters in these individuals. This study assessed the between-group differences in the averages and variability of sleep efficiency (SE) and total sleep time (TST) of 59 participants with T2D with and without insomnia symptoms. Actigraph measurements and sleep diaries were used to assess sleep parameter averages and variabilities calculated by the coefficient of variation across 7 nights. Mann–Whitney U tests were utilized to compare group differences in the outcomes. Validated instruments were used to assess the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and pain as covariates. Objective SE was found to be statistically lower on average (85.98 ± 4.29) and highly variable (5.88 ± 2.57) for patients with T2D and insomnia symptoms than in those with T2D only (90.23 ± 6.44 and 3.82 ± 2.05, respectively). The subjective average and variability of SE were also worse in patients with T2D and insomnia symptoms, with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and pain potentially playing a role in this difference. TST did not significantly differ between the groups on averages or in variability even after controlling for age and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and pain. Future studies are needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of worse averages and variability of SE in individuals with T2D and insomnia symptoms. Additionally, prompting the associated risk factors of insomnia symptoms in individuals with T2D might be warranted.

Sleep Quality and Sleep Disturbance Perception in Dual Disorder Patients.

Background: Sleep problems are particularly frequent in psychiatric disorders, but their bidirectional intersection is poorly clarified. An especial link between substance use and sleep seems to exist. While dual disorder patients are certainly at higher risk of experiencing sleep problems, very limited research is available today. Methods: Forty-seven dual disorder hospitalized patients were included in this first study. A complete psychiatric evaluation was performed, and sleep habits, patterns and potential disorders were evaluated with specific sleep scales, as well as anxiety. Results: The global prevalence of insomnia symptoms was considerably higher compared with the general population. Different abuse patterns as a function of concurrent psychiatric diagnosis were found, with no significant gender differences. The association between the investigated sleep parameters and any specific substance of abuse was minor. The addict behavior started in more than half of the patients prior to the main psychiatric diagnosis and close to the beginning of sleep problems. Men had a higher prevalence of insomnia symptoms, together with a higher incidence of anxiety. Overall, subjective daytime functioning was not altered as a consequence of poor sleep. Conclusion: Dual disorder patients face significant sleep disturbances, with low sleep quality. The role of sleep in addiction and dual disorders deserves greater research.

1059 Sleep Parameters In People With Type 2 Diabetes With And Without Insomnia Symptoms

Abstract Introduction There is an increasing awareness of the high prevalence of insomnia symptoms in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Past studies have demonstrated the importance of measuring sleep parameters in both averages and variabilities using subjective and objective methods. Thus, we aimed to compare the averages and variability of sleep parameters in people with T2D with and without insomnia symptoms. Methods Actigraph measurements and sleep diaries were used in 59 participants to assess sleep parameters, including sleep efficiency (SE), sleep latency, total sleep time, and wake after sleep onset over seven nights. Validated instruments were used to assess the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and pain. Circular data were used to describe the distribution of bed distribution with SE as a magnitude for both groups. Mann Whitney U test was utilized to compare averages and variability of sleep parameters between the two groups. Multivariable general linear model to control for demographic and clinical variables. For the secondary aim, multiple linear regression tests were utilized to assess the association between averages and variability values for both groups. Results SE was found to be lower in average and higher in variability for participants with T2D and insomnia symptoms, than those with T2D only subjectively and objectively. SE variability was also the only sleep parameter higher in people with T2D and insomnia symptoms, with psychological symptoms potentially playing a role in this difference. We observed that people in T2D+Insomnia tend to go to bed earlier compared to the T2D only group based on objective measures, but no difference was observed between groups in subjective measures. The only significant relationship in both objective and subjective measures was between the averages and variability of SE. Conclusion Our findings suggest a discrepancy between subjective and objective measures in only average of total sleep time, as well as agreement in measures of variability in sleep parameters. Also, the relationship between averages and variabilities suggested the importance of improving SE to minimize its variability. Further research is warranted to investigate the complex relationship between sleep parameters and psychological factors in people with T2D and insomnia symptoms. Support None

Insomnia severity during early abstinence is related to substance use treatment completion in adults enrolled in an intensive outpatient program

BackgroundInsomnia and other types of sleep disturbance are highly prevalent during withdrawal across many different types of substance use disorders (SUDs). It is largely unknown how sleep impacts SUD treatment outcomes, including treatment completion. MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted to obtain information about sleep disturbance and treatment completion in individuals beginning an intensive outpatient (IOP) SUD treatment program. Demographic data were collected along with number of sessions completed, treatment completion, comorbid psychiatric diagnosis, pertinent lab results, and scores on three self-reported measures of sleep: the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). ResultsPertinent information was available for 110 individuals. The majority had clinically significant scores on the ISI and PSQI but not the ESS. ISI, but not PSQI or ESS, was associated with treatment completion, such that those with more insomnia were less likely to complete treatment. ConclusionThe high prevalence of insomnia symptoms and poor sleep quality coupled with the relationship between insomnia severity and treatment completion may indicate that more severe symptoms of insomnia are a risk factor for treatment completion and subsequent relapse across many substance types. Applying evidence-based insomnia interventions in SUD treatment programs may have meaningful implications for outcomes.

FACTORS RELATED TO INSOMNIA SYMPTOMS AMONG PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of insomnia symptoms and its relationship with nutritional aspects, gastrointestinal symptoms and chronic diseases among people living with HIV. Methods: a cross-sectional study of 307 people living with HIV in antiretroviral therapy attended by the Specialized AIDS Service of the municipality of Santos (SP), Brazil. The variables evaluated were insomnia symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms and chronic noncommunicable diseases. Results: the prevalence of insomnia symptoms was 79.2%. There was a greater proportion of people living with HIV with insomnia symptoms who had weight changes after HIV diagnosis, unpleasant stomach sensations, poor digestion, poor appetite, respiratory and skin diseases. Conclusion: the high prevalence of insomnia symptoms was related to the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms, as well as respiratory and dermatological diseases.

Abstract P279: Marijuana Use, Multiple Sleep Characteristics, and Hypertension Among White, Black, and Hispanic Adults in the United States

Introduction: Prior studies have found an association between marijuana use and hypertension. However, few consider the role of sleep as an explanatory factor or race/ethnicity as a moderator. Our objective was to investigate associations between marijuana use, sleep characteristics, and hypertension in a multiethnic population. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that the marijuana use and sleep association would vary by race/ethnicity and sleep would partially explain associations between marijuana use and hypertension. Methods: We used National Comorbidity Survey-Replication cross-sectional data (2001-2003) from white, black, and Hispanic participants aged ≥18 years who reported no current abuse of cocaine or prescription drugs. Participants self-reported marijuana use, multiple sleep characteristics (insomnia symptoms, early awakening, daytime sleepiness), and a physician’s diagnosis of hypertension (yes vs. no). Using Poisson regression with robust variance and sampling weights, we estimated the prevalence of poor sleep characteristics among participants who reported current or former use to never use adjusting for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Sleep characteristics were added to adjusted models for associations between use and hypertension. Race/ethnicity*marijuana use interaction terms were tested for all models. Results: Among 3,928 participants, mean age±SE was 45±0.49 years, 79% were white, 11% black, and 10% Hispanic. Current users were younger (32±0.49 years), more likely to report black (17%) or Hispanic (13%) race/ethnicity and insomnia symptoms (31%), and less likely to report hypertension (12%) compared to former (40.6±0.45 years, 9.6% black, 9.9% Hispanic, 26% insomnia, 20% hypertension) and never (51.1±0.79 years, 10% black, 9.9% Hispanic, 22% insomnia, 29% hypertension) users. Estimates were similar across marijuana use categories for early awakening (16%) and daytime sleepiness (34%). Former and current marijuana use was associated with 22% (whites) to 38% (blacks) and 33% (Hispanics) to 85% (blacks, prevalence ratio (PR)=1.85 [95% confidence interval: 1.06-3.23]) higher prevalence of insomnia symptoms as well as 32% (blacks) to 49% (whites) and 46% (blacks) to 77% (whites, PR=1.77 [1.29-2.44]) higher prevalence of early awakening (p race/ethnicity*marijuana use &lt;0.05). Across all races/ethnicities, marijuana use was similarly associated with higher prevalence of daytime sleepiness (PR former =1.17 [1.03-1.33], PR current =1.20 [1.00-1.43]). Former marijuana use was associated with higher prevalence of hypertension only among blacks (PR=1.46 [1.04-2.05]) and sleep characteristics explained approximately 2% of this association on average. Conclusions: Marijuana use was associated with poor sleep and relationships varied by race/ethnicity, but relationships between marijuana use and hypertension were not explained by sleep.

The joint association of musculoskeletal pain and domains of physical activity with sleep problems: cross-sectional data from the DPhacto study, Denmark.

To investigate if occupational physical activity (OPA) and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) influence the association between musculoskeletal pain and sleep problems. Cross-sectional study includes 678 workers in the Danish PHysical ACTivity cohort with Objective measurements (DPhacto). Musculoskeletal pain was assessed by questionnaires, while OPA and LTPA were measured with accelerometers for up to 6 consecutive days. We used logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for self-reported insomnia symptoms and non-restorative sleep. Analyses of the joint association of musculoskeletal pain and OPA showed that workers with high pain and high OPA had ORs of 5.80 (95% CI 2.64-12.67) for insomnia symptoms and 2.50 (95% CI 1.37-4.57) for non-restorative sleep, compared to those with low pain and low OPA, whereas workers with high pain and low OPA had ORs of 4.67 (95% CI 2.17-10.07) for insomnia symptoms, and 2.67 (95% CI 1.46-4.89) for non-restorative sleep, respectively. Furthermore, workers with high pain and high LTPA had ORs of 4.23 (95% CI 2.16-8.32) for insomnia symptoms and 1.95 (95% CI 1.09-3.48) for non-restorative sleep, compared to those with low pain and low LTPA, whereas workers with high pain and low LTPA had ORs of 3.34 (95% CI 1.66-6.70) for insomnia symptoms and 2.14 (95% CI 1.21-3.80) for non-restorative sleep, respectively. Workers with high musculoskeletal pain who also conducted high levels of OPA or LTPA reported higher prevalence of insomnia symptoms.

Prevalence of insomnia symptoms and predictive factors among employees at central government

Insomnia can be experienced by employees in both the private sector and the government. Central government agencies play important technical, administrative, and analytical roles in government affairs, such as national assets and important documents. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of insomnia symptoms and factors significantly associated with these symptoms in employees at central government agencies in Jakarta. The present study design was cross-sectional, involving 224 respondents, and data retrieval used questionnaires to determine an insomnia rating scale. Other data collection methods included questionnaire characteristics of the respondents, stress diagnostic survey, self-reporting questionnaire 20, and a heart rate variability analyzer SA 3000P. In the staff offices of central government agencies, the prevalence of insomnia symptoms reached 50%, comprising 44.2% with mild insomnia and 5.8% with moderate insomnia symptoms. In this study, factors with a significant relationship included structural position [odds ratio (OR) 0.64; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41–0.98], stressor qualitative work overload medium–heavy (OR 2.50; 95% CI 1.02–6.10), and presence of emotional mental disorders (OR 2.76; 95% CI 1.20–6.36). Our study revealed a high prevalence of insomnia symptoms in office employees of central government agencies in Jakarta.

Individual, lifestyle, and psychosocial factors related to insomnia among Norwegian musicians

Musicians report a considerably higher prevalence of insomnia symptoms compared to community samples in the general workforce. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between insomnia and health, work-related, and lifestyle factors among musicians. A total of 645 full-time musicians completed a questionnaire measuring insomnia symptoms: personality, psychosocial factors (perceived job demands, job control, effort-reward imbalance, and general social support), and lifestyle (smoking, marijuana use, alcohol use, and physical activity). Multiple regression analysis showed that higher scores on neuroticism and extraversion and on perception of greater work demands were positively related to insomnia symptoms. In contrast, the experience of social support was negatively related to insomnia symptoms in the final model. In sum, neuroticism was the single strongest variable associated with insomnia. Extraversion, however, also seemed to add something unique to the explanation of insomnia among full-time musicians when controlling for work environment variables. Moreover, demands and social support may be more important for musicians’ sleep than control and effort-reward imbalance. Given that our study is cross-sectional, longitudinal studies are still needed to clarify the causal relationships among personal, psychosocial, and lifestyle variables and insomnia.

Objectively measured occupational and leisure-time physical activity: cross-sectional associations with sleep problems.

Objectives This study aimed to investigate (i) the associations between occupational physical activity (OPA) and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) with insomnia symptoms and non-restorative sleep and (ii) the joint associations between OPA and LTPA with insomnia symptoms and non-restorative sleep, respectively. Methods Data were drawn from a cross-sectional study including 650 workers in the Danish PHysical ACTivity cohort with Objective measurements (DPhacto). OPA and LTPA were measured with accelerometers on the thigh and upper back for up to six consecutive days and subsequently divided into quartiles of "very low", "low", "medium" and "high" activity. We used logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for insomnia symptoms and non-restorative sleep associated with OPA and LTPA. Results A 10% increase in OPA was associated with a higher prevalence of insomnia symptoms (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.03-1.89) but not with the prevalence of non-restorative sleep (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.71-1.21). On the other hand, a 10% increase in LTPA was associated with a lower prevalence of non-restorative sleep (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.28-0.92). Although no significant additive interaction was found, analyses of the joint association of OPA and LTPA showed that people with high OPA and low LTPA had an OR of 2.07 (95% CI 1.01-4.24) for insomnia symptoms, compared to those with low OPA and high LTPA, whereas people with high levels of both OPA and LTPA had an OR of 1.47 (95% CI 0.73-2.96). Conclusions While LTPA was associated with lower prevalence of sleep problems, OPA was associated with higher prevalence of insomnia symptoms. A combination of high OPA and low LTPA were more strongly associated with insomnia symptoms compared to a combination of low OPA and high LTPA.