High Prevalence Of Eating Disorders Research Articles

Eating disorders, body image dissatisfaction and their association with gluten-free diet adherence among patients with celiac disease

BackgroundConsidering the higher prevalence of psychological problems in patients with Celiac disease (CD), the current study aims to assess the prevalence of eating disorders (EDs) and body image disturbance in patients with CD and examine the possible correlation between EDs, body image dissatisfaction and distortion, and gluten-free diet (GFD) adherence in these patients.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 217 patients with CD (18–55 years old) were recruited randomly from the CD registry database. EDs and body image issues were assessed using the 26-item Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26) and Stunkard Figure Rating Scale (FRS), respectively. Adherence to GFD was evaluated by the Celiac Dietary Adherence Test (CDAT) questionnaire.ResultsThe prevalence of EDs was 43.5%. Furthermore, the prevalence of body dissatisfaction and distortion was 65.9% and 41.1%, respectively. The logistic regression demonstrated a significant negative association between adherence to the GFD and EDs (OR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.11–3.91, P = 0.022). However, there was no significant association between following GFD and body image dissatisfaction (OR = 1.70, CI: 0.92–3.17, P = 0.090), and distortion (OR = 0.65, CI: 0.36–1.18, P = 0.163).ConclusionConsidering the high prevalence of EDs in patients with CD and owing to the inverse association between EDs and GFD adherence, nutritionists should consider the psychological barriers in adhering to a GFD when consulting patients with CD.

Pandemic Effects on the Perception of Eating Disorder X Posts Among Adolescents and Transitional Age Youth

Eating disorders (EDs) are serious mental health conditions that can have devastating physical and psychological effects. They are significantly underdiagnosed and undertreated, and many individuals suffer in silence due to stigma, shame, and lack of access to appropriate care. Adolescents and transitional age youth (TAY) suffer from high prevalence of EDs, highlighting the need for effective prevention and intervention strategies, and improved access to evidence-based treatment options. Estimates suggest that at least 9% of the global population suffers from EDs, with the average age of onset being 18 years.1 Adolescents aged 13 to 18 are particularly vulnerable, with approximately 2.7% affected. TAY likely have an even higher number of ED cases.2 EDs have the highest fatality rates of any mental illness, with an estimated 4% of patients with anorexic nervosa dying from complications.3

Eating Disorders among Adolescent Female Students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Eating disorders (EDs) are characterised by an abnormal attitude towards food that causes someone to change their eating habits and behaviour. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of EDs and their associated factors among female going-school adolescents in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in five schools in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, among a representative random sample of female adolescent students aged 13 years old-18 years old. A simple random sampling method was used to select the participants. An online self-administered questionnaire, the Arabic version of eating attitude test (EAT-26) and socio-cultural attitudes toward appearance questionnaire (SATAQ-4), was used. More than half (53.6%) of adolescent girls scored at or above the cut-off point of EAT-26. Around 45% of the participants had experienced family influence on their appearance and body shape, 36.7% had experienced peer influence on these factors, and 49.4% had experienced media influence. Family influence was significantly associated with EDs (P = 0.013). The high prevalence of EDs among female going-school adolescents in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, is of great concern. To mitigate this problem, effective programmes must be designed to change their dietary habits while considering the effects of family, peer and media influence, as well as focusing on the importance of eating breakfast and practising physical activity.

Eating disorders and disordered eating in servicemen and women: A narrative review.

Eating disorders (EDs) are mental illnesses impacting all aspects of an individual's life. Recent research has examined EDs and disordered-eating behaviors in the military, a population subject to body composition standards, fitness requirements, and extreme stress. The purpose of this narrative review was to investigate ED and disordered-eating prevalence and their risk factors in ROTC (reserve officers' training corps), active-duty, and veteran servicemembers. The secondary purpose was to provide policy recommendations to reduce the burden of these conditions in the military. PubMed and PsycINFO were reviewed for relevant articles. All studies including data on EDs or disordered eating in U.S. active-duty, ROTC, or veteran populations were considered. Results revealed a high burden of EDs and disordered eating with bulimic- and binge-type behaviors being the most common. Servicemembers exposed to trauma, including military sexual assault, and those with comorbidities like PTSD showed a higher prevalence. Body composition and fitness testing were also associated with a higher risk. Qualitative studies suggest these conditions serve as coping mechanisms for aspects of military life. The high prevalence of EDs and disordered eating in the military points toward the importance of identification, treatment, and prevention. Policy change is necessary to protect servicemembers.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence and odds of eating disorders in patients with celiac disease and vice-versa.

In the present systematic review and meta-analysis study, we aimed to review studies that assessed the prevalence and risk of eating disorders (EDs) in patients with celiac disease (CD) and vice-versa. We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies that assessed the prevalence and risk of AN in patients with CD and vice-versa. Joanna Briggs Institute tools were used for critical appraisal. The STATA software was used for the meta-analysis of the random-effect model. In this study, 23 observational studies were included. The results of the meta-analysis indicated that the pooled prevalence of EDs and bulimia nervosa in patients with CD was 8.88% [95% CI: 6.4, 11.7] and 7.26% [95% CI: 0.23, 21.57], respectively. Moreover, the risk of anorexia nervosa in patients with CD was significantly higher than in the healthy population (relative risk [RR]: 1.48 [95% CI: 1.32, 1.64]). The rates of CD in patients with AN and EDs were 0.96% [95% CI: 0.15, 2.31] and 0.90% [95% CI: 0.56, 1.31], respectively. Moreover, the overall risk of CD in patients with AN was significantly higher compared with healthy adults (RR: 2.35 [95% CI: 1.27-3.44]). The result of the present meta-analysis showed the high prevalence of EDs in patients with CD. Moreover, there was a significant bidirectional association between CD and EDs.

Eating disorders among Jordanian adolescents with and without dysglycaemia: a comparative study.

Studies on eating disorders among Jordanian adolescents have reported variable prevalence rates of 12-40%. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of eating disorders among Jordanian adolescents with and without dysglycaemia and determine the associated factors. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted during the period November 2017-February 2018. The Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale was used to assess the presence of different types of eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. A typical anorexia nervosa and purging disorder were considered "other eating disorders" in this study. This study included 497 patients with dysglycaemia and 504 age-matched nondysglycaemic participants. Patients with dysglycaemia had a significantly higher prevalence of binge eating disorders compared with nondysglycaemic participants (11.9% vs 5.8%, P < 0.001). In dysglycaemia group, adolescents who were aged ≥ 14 years were more likely to have bulimia nervosa compared with those < 14 years old. Patients with a sedentary lifestyle were less likely to have bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorders. In the nondysglycaemic group, those aged 14-18 years were more likely to have other eating disorders. Those with dysglycaemia were more likely to have binge eating disorders than those in the nondysglycaemic group (OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.3-3.3; P = 0.002) after adjusting for possible confounders. Adolescents with dysglycaemia had higher prevalence of eating disorders compared with their nondysglycaemic peers. Screening for eating disorders is recommended among adolescents to secure early detection and subsequent intervention.

Effectiveness of enhanced cognitive behavior therapy for bulimia nervosa in Japan: a randomized controlled trial protocol

BackgroundThe effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions for eating disorders (EDs) is widely studied in Europe, North America, and Australia/New Zealand. However, few controlled studies and no randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been conducted in Japan despite the relatively high prevalence of EDs in the Japanese population. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of enhanced cognitive behavior therapy (CBT-E), an evidence-supported ED-focused form of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), for the treatment of bulimia nervosa (BN) in Japan.Methods/designThis multicenter RCT will compare CBT-E with treatment as usual (TAU), which is widely used in Japan. A group of 140 adult outpatients with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5) diagnosis of BN, ≥18 years of age, a body mass index (BMI) > 17.5 and < 40 kg/m2 will be randomly assigned to CBT-E or TAU. Participants will be stratified by intervention site and BN severity. CBT-E participants will receive 20 sessions of focused form CBT-E for 20 weeks. Those in the TAU group will receive routine treatment provided by specialists. Assessment will be performed in a blinded manner prior to the start of treatment, after 6 weeks of treatment, at the end of treatment (20 weeks), and at follow-up at 40 and 80 weeks after the start of treatment. The primary outcome is the remission of BN, defined by the absence, in the previous 4 weeks, of symptoms required to meet the DSM-5 criteria for a diagnosis of BN. Secondary outcomes include the levels of ED psychopathology and impairment due to the ED, anxiety, depression, family function, and satisfaction with treatment.DiscussionThis will be the first RCT conducted in Japan to compare CBT-E and TAU for the treatment of BN. If CBT-E is found to be more effective than TAU, then the evidence would support its wider use for patients with BN in Japan. Because it is possible to train therapists who do not possess extensive specialist experience, wider use is also likely to be practically feasible. In addition, demonstrating the effectiveness of CBT-E in Japan would demonstrate that it could be successfully extended to additional world cultures and regions.Trial registrationUMIN, UMIN000031625. Registered 7 Mar 2018.

Eating disorders in musicians: a survey investigating self-reported eating disorders of musicians

PurposeThis study aimed to estimate the prevalence of eating disorders (EDs) in musicians, and to evaluate their relation to perfectionism, stress, anxiety and depression.MethodsIt examined: (1) the prevalence of EDs using the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), body mass index (BMI) and self-reports, (2) psychological risk factors using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) and perfectionism inventory and (3) demographic details, information about musical and career development, lifestyle, eating habits and health. A survey was distributed worldwide and a total of 301 English-speaking musicians aged 18 years and older participated.ResultsOur screening tools for EDs showed a high prevalence of EDs in musicians: the EDE-Q Global Score (EDE-QGS) showed pathological values in 18.66% of the musicians and when questioned about lifetime prevalence, 32.3% of the musicians answered positively. The median BMI was within the normal range. Regarding general mental health, the DASS-21 showed that depression and stress were severe, anxiety was extremely severe and the perfectionism inventory composite score was 26.53. There was no significant difference on the EDE-QGS between musicians who perform different types of music, but music students, professionals, soloists and musicians travelling overseas had a higher percentage of pathological EDE-QGS. Perfectionism was higher in classical musicians and there was a low positive correlation between EDE-QGS and the risk factors: perfectionism, depression, anxiety, stress, peer pressure and social isolation.ConclusionEDs are prevalent in musicians and possible risk factors are their increased perfectionism, depression, anxiety and stress due to the demands of their job.

Eating disorders among fashion models: a systematic review of the literature.

In the light of recent concerns regarding the eating disorders among fashion models and professional regulations of fashion model occupation, an examination of the scientific evidence on this issue is necessary. The article reviews findings on the prevalence of eating disorders and body image concerns among professional fashion models. A systematic literature search was conducted using ProQUEST, EBSCO, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, and Gale Canage electronic databases. A very low number of studies conducted on fashion models and eating disorders resulted between 1980 and 2015, with seven articles included in this review. Overall, results of these studies do not indicate a higher prevalence of eating disorders among fashion models compared to non-models. Fashion models have a positive body image and generally do not report more dysfunctional eating behaviors than controls. However, fashion models are on average slightly underweight with significantly lower BMI than controls, and give higher importance to appearance and thin body shape, and thus have a higher prevalence of partial-syndrome eating disorders than controls. Despite public concerns, research on eating disorders among professional fashion models is extremely scarce and results cannot be generalized to all models. The existing research fails to clarify the matter of eating disorders among fashion models and given the small number of studies, further research is needed.

Eating Disorder Prevalence and Symptoms for Track and Field Athletes and Nonathletes

The general purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and symptoms of eating disorders (ED) for 412 high school, university, and elite male and female track and field athletes and higher- and lower-active nonathletes. Participants completed the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (Garner, 1991) to assess ED symptoms and the Questionnaire for Eating Disorder Diagnosis (Mintz, O'Holloran, Mulholland, & Schneider, 1997) to assess ED prevalence. We found that: (a) the women had greater Drive for Thinness and Body Dissatisfaction symptoms and a higher prevalence of ED than the men, (b) nonathletes reported greater Body Dissatisfaction symptoms than the athletes, (c) higher-active nonathletes had a higher prevalence of ED than the athletes and lower-active nonathletes, (d) the high school athletes had greater Ineffectiveness and Maturity Fears symptoms than the college and elite athletes, and e) there were no sport-group differences (i.e., middle/long distance, sprint, and field) for either ED symptoms or prevalence. Implications of these results and future directions are discussed.