High Prevalence Of Depressive Symptoms Research Articles

Depressive symptoms in Fabry disease: the importance of coping, subjective health perception and pain

BackgroundDespite the high prevalence of depressive symptoms in Fabry disease (FD), it is unclear which patient characteristics are important in relation to these symptoms. Additionally, the impact of coping styles in relation to depressive symptoms in FD has been unexplored. Determining the impact of different factors relating to depressive symptoms in FD can guide both prevention and treatment of these symptoms.MethodsDepressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CESD)) and coping styles (Utrecht Coping List) were assessed in a Dutch FD cohort. Other potentially important variables were identified from FD literature and assessed in this cohort. Relations were evaluated using multiple linear models.ResultsPotentially important variables in FD literature were: pain, unemployment, health perception, being single, comorbidities and stroke. Employed coping styles were “avoidance and brooding”, “positivity and problem solving” and “seeking social support”. Thirty-one of the 81 FD patients (38%) had depressive symptoms. CESD-scores were lower in patients with better health perception and more “positivity and problem solving” and higher in patients with more pain and “avoidance and brooding”. The best model explained 70% (95%CI: 54–76%) of observed variance of the CESD.ConclusionsDepressive symptoms in FD are related to pain, negative health perception and use of specific coping styles. Psychological interventions could be employed to alter coping behavior and alleviate depressive symptoms.

Socio-structural Factors Associated with Mental Health, Substance Use, and HIV Risk Among Black Sexual and Gender Minorities in the House and Ball Community.

The House and Ball Community (HBC), a tight-knit social and cultural network comprised primarily of Black sexual and gender minorities (SGM), offers unique opportunities for HIV prevention that leverage naturally occurring social support networks. However, experiences of socioeconomic marginalization, stigma, violence, and trauma may impede HIV prevention efforts. This study analyzed data from 551 Black SGM recruited at HBC events in 2 cities over 24months. Logistic regression with generalized estimating equations examined associations between socio-structural stressors, mental health, substance use, and sexual behavior among HBC participants. Findings indicated high prevalence of depressive symptoms, history of trauma, intimate partner violence, and substance use, and significant associations between socioeconomic marginalization and depressive symptoms, substance use, and condomless anal sex. Future research is needed to better elucidate the temporal relationships between socioeconomic marginalization, mental health and substance use, and HIV transmission dynamics. Results highlight a need for integration of mental health services, substance use treatment, and HIV prevention for this community.

Self-esteem and other risk factors for depressive symptoms among adolescents in United Arab Emirates.

BackgroundLittle is known about depressive symptoms among adolescents in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This study aimed to identify the prevalence of depression and its association with self-esteem, individual, parental and family factors among adolescents aged 12 to 18 in UAE.MethodsSix hundred adolescents, aged 12 to 18 years were recruited from 4 of 111 schools in a cross-sectional study. We administered Beck Depression Inventory Scale and Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale to measure self-report symptoms of depression and self-esteem. We used multiple linear regression to identify significant predictors of depression.ResultsOver 86% of the identified sample participated to the survey. The mean age of the sample was 14.3 (±1.3) with an excess of girls (61%). Depressive symptoms were detected in 17.2% (95% CI 14.2–20.7). There was an inverse relationship between self-esteem scores and depressive symptoms. Positive predictors of depressive symptoms, having controlled for age, gender, and ethnicity included experiencing neglect, being verbally abused in school, having no monthly allowance to spend in school, a history of physical morbidities requiring treatment, being a current or past smoker and a low family income.ConclusionThe high prevalence of depressive symptoms measured in this survey suggests a significant public health problem among adolescents in the UAE. Public health interventions aimed at facilitating education and early detection and potential treatment of depressive symptoms are a priority in the region.

Comorbilidad entre síntomas depresivos y consumo de sustancias en pacientes hospitalizados por enfermedades no psiquiátricas

IntroductionEpidemiological studies have shown a high prevalence and concurrence between depression and substance use. This is known as “dual diagnosis” and is associated with a worse prognosis for patients. ObjectiveTo establish the comorbidity between depressive symptoms and substance abuse in patients admitted with acute or chronic diseases to a public hospital. MethodsA descriptive, cross-sectional study of prevalence which included 296 patients aged 18 to 65, to whom the PHQ-9 and ASSIST 3.0 scales were applied to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and substance abuse. Other clinical and sociodemographic variables were also taken into account. Results50.7% were women with a median age of 41 and an interquartile range of 27 years. Moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms were found in 27.4% of the patients. Alcohol was the substance with the highest consumption in the previous 3 months with 53.7%, followed by cigarettes (47.6%), marijuana (26.7%) and cocaine (14.5%). A significant association was found between severe depressive symptoms PHQ-9 ≥20 and problematic use of alcohol, marijuana and cocaine (ASSIST score>26); alcohol (RP 27.30, 95% CI [2.37-314.16], P=0.01); marijuana (RP 15.00, 95% CI [3.46-64.96], P=0.001) and cocaine (RP 10.65, 95% CI [2.23-51.10], P=0.01). DiscussionA high prevalence of depressive symptoms and substance use was found in patients hospitalized for non-psychiatric medical conditions, which worsens the prognosis of the underlying medical condition. ConclusionsTo provide better hospital care for patients, we need to give visibility to the problem of dual pathology. This could be achieved by conducting more related research in these clinical scenarios.

Social Media Use and Mood, Suicidal Ideation and Self-Harm in Adolescents

Objective: The aim of our observational study was to evaluate depressive symptoms in adolescent population, focusing on suicidal ideation and intentionality, and to establish the relationship between depressive symptoms/self-harm and the average time spent in social media. Methods: Our study was an observational cross-sectional study that involved three Middle Schools and three High Schools in the Campania region of Italy. One thousand three hundred sixty-five students 11-19 years of age were recruited (mean age=15 years; female=51%, male=49%). Percentage of adhesion was 95%. All the subjects were administered three self-report questionnaires, filled out anonymously and in the presence of the teachers after illustrating their validity and purpose. Results: In 23% females and 18% males, depressive symptoms were above the norm, with a slight increase in the prevalence of depressive symptoms in high school students compared to middle school ones. Suicidal intentionality was expressed in 4% of the total sample, with no differences between males and females. Suicidal ideation was present in 14% of the total sample, with a higher prevalence in females than in males (17% vs 10%). We found a significant positive relationship between the depressive symptoms and the hours spent on Social Media, in both males and females. A significant relationship was also found between hours on Social Media and suicidal ideation/intentionality. Conclusions: Our study showed a high prevalence of depressive symptoms in adolescents, in keeping with previous studies. Our study also showed a significant association between the use of social networks and the development of depressive symptoms, as well as suicidal ideation and intentionality. Further studies are needed to investigate the nature of this relationship.

Quality of life, depressive and minor psychiatrics symptoms in nursing students.

To assess quality of life, prevalence of depressive and minor psychiatric symptoms in Nursing students. Cross-sectional study, conducted from March to April 2018, at a federal university. Sample composed of 242 Nursing students, from the 1st to the 8th semester. Data was collected using the quality of life instruments, Beck Depression Inventory and Self-Report Questionnaire. A significance level of 0.05 was considered. The mean age was 22.9 ± 5.1 years. It was found that 25% of the students had severe depressive symptoms and 54% of the students had minor psychiatric disorders, with a higher prevalence in the first semesters. An inverse relationship was observed between the frequency of depressive symptoms and quality of life scores (p = 0.05). Nursing students showed a high prevalence of depressive symptoms, indicating the importance of implementing actions to promote and prevent mental health.

Sintomas depressivos em gestantes da atenção básica: prevalência e fatores associados

Introdução: O aparecimento de transtornos emocionais no início da gestação é frequente, entre eles estão os sintomas depressivos (SD), como sentimento de culpa, falta de apetite e de energia. Objetivo: Medir a prevalência de sintomas depressivos e fatores associados em gestantes atendidas na Atenção Básica. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico observacional transversal, constituído por gestantes, usuárias da Atenção Básica de Caxias do Sul/RS. Os SD foram avaliados por meio Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Realizou-se a análise bruta, onde calculou-se as razões de prevalência (RP) e respectivos intervalos de confiança (IC 95%). A comparação de variáveis categóricas ocorreu por meio do teste de Qui-Quadrado. A análise ajustada foi realizada por regressão de Poisson, utilizou-se a técnica de backwards, onde o modelo final foi construído a partir das variáveis com p ≤0,20 na análise bruta. Resultados: A amostra constituiu-se de 76 gestantes, destas 46,1% apresentaram SD. A média de idade foi de 26,6 anos (±5,95) e 72,4% estavam casadas ou em união estável. Houve associação significativa entre SD e estado civil (RP: 1,54; IC 95% 1,00-2,37; p=0,045) e a ocorrência de aborto em outras gestações (RP: 1,72; IC 95% 1,08-2,74; p=0,022). Conclusão: Observou-se uma elevada prevalência de SD, comparando a estudos regionais, nas gestantes investigadas. Identificou-se como fatores associados ao desfecho, o estado civil e histórico de aborto, podendo trazer problemas na gestação e no pós-parto. Assim, percebe-se a necessidade de instrumentos e estratégias para identificar a presença de SD na fase inicial da gestação, para que sejam diagnosticados e tratados.

Síntomas depresivos, ansiedad, estrés y factores asociados en estudiantes de medicina

Introducción: La salud mental se constituye un grave problema de salud pública, se reporta una alta prevalencia de síntomas depresivos, ansiedad y estrés en estudiantes de medicina.Objetivo: Identificar la frecuencia y determinantes de problemas de salud mental de estudiantes de medicina en una universidad en 2018.
 Métodos: Estudio corte transversal con 813 estudiantes de medicina en una universidad de Cali-ColombiaResultados: La prevalencia de depresión fue 31.7%, ansiedad (59.9%), y estrés (37.3%). El 64.4% fueron mujeres, la edad promedio fue 21.9 ±3.6 años. Las variables que explican de manera independiente de presentar enfermedad mental fueron: sexo masculino OR: 0.48 (IC 95%: 0.36-0.65), número de horas de clase semanal OR: de 1.01 (IC 95%: 1.0-1.02), para ansiedad, la satisfacción con la carrera OR: 0.61 (IC 95%: 0.39-0.97). Como factor protector de depresión, las horas deportivas en la semana se consideran un factor protector para las variables depresión OR 0.95 (IC 95%:0.91-0.99), ansiedad OR 0.95 (IC 95%: 0.92-0.98), y estrés: OR 0.91 (IC 95%: 0.88-0.95).Conclusiones: El estudio mostró alta prevalencia de enfermedad mental en estudiantes de medicina que puede explicarse por sexo, número de horas de clase semanal, satisfacción con la carrera y horas deportivas semanales

THE MODERATING EFFECT OF RAISING ONE’S GRANDCHILDREN ON THE RELATION BETWEEN SLEEP AND DEPRESSION

Recent evidence has shown that poor quality sleep is associated with depression, particularly among older individuals (Bao et al., 2017; Nadorff, Fiske, Sperry, & Petts, 2012). Moreover, given the high prevalence of depressive symptoms among older adults, it is important to identify possible risk factors of poor sleep quality. One possible risk factor is being a custodial grandparent (raising one’s grandchildren), as increased caregiving responsivities are associated with increased depressive symptoms (Brand-Winterstein, Edelstein, & Bachner, 2018). Based upon these previous findings, the current study examines the effect of custodial status on the relation between sleep quality and depressive symptoms. The sample (N = 466) was a subset of individuals recruited in the second wave of the MIDUS biomarkers project completed in 2009 who answered the sleep, caregiving, and depressive symptoms variables of interest. Measures included the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and a question regarding custodial grandparent status. The current study aimed to examine whether poor sleep quality might serve as a risk factor for experiencing depressive symptoms and how custodial grandparents might differ from other older adults. Moderation analyses were conducted using SPSS’ Process macro on the sample. The interaction between global sleep quality and custodial grandparent status was significant in predicting depressive symptoms, t (1, 465) = 3.90, p = .04, such that custodial grandparents reported a stronger positive correlation between greater global sleep problems and depressive symptoms than non-custodial grandparents. Implications, future directions, and limitations are discussed.

Correlation Between Depressive Symptoms And Quality Of Life, And Associated Factors For Depressive Symptoms Among Rural Elderly In Anhui, China.

PurposeWe aimed to assess the current status of depressive symptoms and quality of life (QoL) among rural elderly in central China (Anhui Province) and explore their correlation and associated factors for depressive symptoms.MethodsA multi-stage random sampling method was used to obtain 3349 participants (aged ≥60): 1206 poor and 2143 non-poor. The 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-30) and five-dimensional European quality of health scale (EQ-5D) were employed to evaluate depressive symptoms and QoL, respectively.ResultsThe prevalence of depressive symptoms was 52.9%, and that in the poor group (62.3%) was significantly higher than the non-poor group (47.6%). The GDS-30 score was 12.40 ± 7.089, and the poor group scored significantly higher (14.045 ± 6.929) than the non-poor group (11.472 ± 7.011). The EQ-5D score was 0.713 ± 0.186, and the poor group (0.668 ± 0.192) scored significantly lower than the non-poor group (0.738 ± 0.178). There was a significant negative correlation between depressive symptoms and QoL (r = −0.400, P-value <0.05). The following factors were associated with depressive symptoms: poverty, low EQ-5D score, female gender, older age, illiteracy, unemployed, chronic diseases, and hospitalization in previous year.ConclusionRural elderly in central China have a high prevalence of depressive symptoms and low QoL. Poverty was associated with a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms and lower QoL.

Depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life in older women with gynecologic Cancers

ObjectivesThis study aims to assess factors associated with depressive symptoms in older women with gynecologic cancers and to examine the association of depression with health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Materials and methodsWomen aged 65 and older previously diagnosed with cervical, ovarian, or uterine cancer (n=1977) were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results – Medicare Health Outcomes Survey database and compared to propensity-matched cancer-free controls (n=9885). Women with and without depressive symptoms were compared by cancer status. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with depressive symptoms, and linear regression was used to determine the association of depressive symptoms with HRQOL measures. ResultsThe prevalence of depressive symptoms was higher among older women with gynecologic cancer (31.9%, 32.2%, and 25.3% for cervical, ovarian, and uterine cancer, respectively) than cancer-free older women (24.9%) (p=0.05). Adjusting for demographic and clinical factors, older women with ovarian cancer were significantly more likely to have depressive symptoms than controls (Prevalence Odds Ratio = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.31, 2.32, p < 0.01). Among older women with gynecologic cancer, comorbid conditions and functional limitations were strongly associated with depressive symptoms. Women with depressive symptoms showed significant decrements in both physical and mental measures of HRQOL. ConclusionThis study gives insight into correlates of depressive symptoms that may be used to better identify women with gynecologic cancers who are at risk of depression. The relatively high prevalence of depressive symptoms and significant deficits in HRQOL underscore the need for effective screening and treatment of depression in older women with gynecologic cancers.

Prevalence of depressive symptoms and factors associated in the elderly of the city of Pelotas-RS

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and factors associated in the elderly of the city of Pelotas, southern Brazil. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, the variables of interest were investigated with instruments about the socio-economic profile, aspects of physical and professional activities, eating and sleeping habits. RESULTS: 312 elderly people were interviewed, with a prevalence of depressive symptoms of 30.5%. A higher prevalence of depressive symptoms were found in women, individuals older than 81 years, from the low class, living alone, physically inactive, and retired. In the adjusted analysis, the non-practice of physical activity, low sleep quality, and daily sleeping medication were statistically associated with the outcome. In contradiction to the literature, our results refute the well-established gender roles that preconize that males are more affected by physical impairment, while the females are more affected by psychological and psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, it is important to identify the prevalence of depressive symptoms in a population commonly affected by other diseases. In addition, characteristics associated with depression were detected, which can help prevent or improve depression in this age group.

Prevalence, Risk Factors and Assessment of Depressive Symptoms in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis.

This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of depressive symptoms among systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients using the Major Depression Inventory (MDI), identify possible risk factors, and analyze the current standard of care to raise awareness and improve clinical care for SSc patients. The study included 94 SSc patients (12 males, 82 females; mean age 58.3±13.6 years; range, 28 to 83 years) who completed the MDI, Short Form 36 Health Survey, Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire, Brief Fatigue Inventory and Physical Activity Questionnaire. Clinical parameters were assessed according to standardized procedures. Discharge letters were analyzed for evaluation of depressive symptoms. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 22.3%. It correlated with female sex (p=0.047), underweight (p=0.002), fatigue (p<0.001), decreased quality of life (p<0.001) and less physical activity (p=0.048). The latter three were confirmed as independent risk factors in a multivariable regression analysis. The analysis of the current standard of care revealed no assessment of depressive symptoms in the majority of patients (89.4%), including 19 with depressive symptoms according to the MDI score. This study confirms the high prevalence of depressive symptoms in SSc patients. There is an unmet need of regular assessment of mental health during SSc consultations. Fatigue, decreased quality of life and reduced physical activity were ascertained as independent risk factors, while special attention should also be paid to weight loss and underweight.

Depressive symptoms and associated factors in elderly long-term care residents.

To determine the prevalence and factors associated with depressive symptoms in institutionalized elderly. This is an epidemiological cross-sectional study with 42 elderly in a Long-Term Care Institution for the Elderly (LTCIE). Data was collected from April to December 2014 through a questionnaire with information on demographic and socioeconomic aspects, the Geriatric Depression Scale short version (GDS-15) and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Of the elderly studied, 54.8% had depressive symptoms and were predominantly females (64.7%). There was a significant association between depressive symptoms and variables retired (p = 0.043); urinary incontinence (p = 0.028); self-perceived health (p-value = 0.042) and sleep quality (p-value = 0.000). The study found a high prevalence of depressive symptoms in institutionalized elderly, associated with the presence of urinary incontinence, (negative) self-perceived health, (poor) quality of sleep and retirement (yes). Following the study and in the face of the needs of this population, it is necessary to seek measures that act directly on the modifiable variables, preventing and treating them.

Association of dietary patterns with depressive symptoms in Chinese postmenopausal women.

Many components in diet have regulated oxidative stress, inflammatory reaction and even balance oestrogen levels. Because these factors are closely associated with depressive symptoms in postmenopausal women, it is considered that dietary factors are able to prevent and control depressive symptoms. On the other hand, a dietary pattern that considers the correlations and synergies between foods and nutrients is expected to have a greater impact on disease risk. The aim of the present study is to evaluate whether dietary patterns are associated with depressive symptoms in Chinese postmenopausal women. A cross-sectional study of 2051 postmenopausal women (mean age: 58·8(sd7·4) years) was conducted in Tianjin, China. Dietary consumption was assessed by a valid self-administered FFQ. Principal component analysis was used to derive three major dietary patterns: 'healthy', 'sweets' and 'traditional Tianjin' from eighty-eight food items. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, and cut-off point of 48 indicating serious depressive symptoms. The association between quartile of dietary patterns and depressive symptoms was assessed using multiple logistic regression analysis. The multivariable-adjusted OR of having depressive symptoms for increasing quartile of dietary patterns were as follows: healthy, 1·00, 0·79 (95 % CI 0·49, 1·28), 0·62 (95 % CI 0·37, 1·04) and 0·57 (95 % CI 0·33, 0·97); sweets, 1·00, 0·75 (95 % CI 0·42, 1·3), 1·08 (95 % CI 0·64, 1·81) and 1·66 (95 % CI 1·03, 2·71); and traditional Tianjin, 1·00, 1·02 (95 % CI 0·58, 1·79), 0·96 (95 % CI 0·54, 1·71) and 2·53 (95 % CI 1·58, 4·16), respectively. The present study demonstrated that a healthy dietary pattern was inversely associated with depressive symptoms. On the contrary, greater adherence to sweets and traditional Tianjin dietary patterns was associated with a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms.

Current status and analysis of undergraduate students' help-seeking behaviors for depressive

Objective To investigate and explore actual help-seeking behaviors for depressive symptoms among college students. Methods By convenience sampling, a total of 871 undergraduate students from the whole Wuhan university from November 2016 to March 2017 were selected and investigated by using the self-designed General Information Questionnaire, Family APGAR Index (APGAR) , Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) , Comprehensive International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 2.1) Actual Help Seeking Questionnaire (AHSQ) . Results Totally 348 (43.3%) college students reported that they had depressive and the situation about actual help-seeking behaviors had been reported over the part 12 months. Among those 348 respondents, 94 (27.0%) students reported that they had never sought for help; 254 (73.0%) reported they had sought for help. There was statistical difference of whether had been through major life events in the past one year in seeking help from close companion, friends, and teachers and classmates (P<0.05) , the college students with better family function tend to seek help from their parents, the difference was statistically significant (P=0.005) , there was statistical difference of whether discomfort existed caused by psychological problems in seeking help from professional in mental health, hotline/internet resource (P<0.05) ; the college students with higher CES-D scores tend to seek help from hotline/internet resources, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . Conclusions There is a high prevalence of depressive symptoms in college students, and they seek help mainly from other nonprofessional personnel and hotline/internet resources. Their ability of making use of the public psychological health services should be improved. Key words: Depression; Help-seeking behaviors; College students; Research

Prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms among children with specific learning disorder attending a tertiary care centre

ABSTRACT Background: Children with Specific learning disorders are highly likely to manifest concurrent social, emotional and mental health problems. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms among children with Specific learning disorders. Methods: The study was conducted in the Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (IMHANS), Kozhikode. The cross-sectional study design was used for the study. The sample consisted of 100 children with Specific learning disorders between the age group of 8 -15 years and was selected by purposive sampling. We used a semi-structured interview schedule for collecting socio personal variables and clinical variables. The short version of standardised Mood and feelings questionnaire both child self-report and parent report on child to assess depressive symptoms. Prevalence of depressive symptoms was expressed in percentages and association of this with other variables was analysed using the chi-square test. Results: 23% of children with Specific learning disorders had depressive symptoms as per the child self-report and as per parent report 14 % of children with Specific learning disorders had depressive symptoms. About 9% of the parents were not recognising their children’s depressive symptoms; there is a significant association between impairment in writing an expression and depressive symptoms (chi-square value =18, P value< 0.001) Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of depressive symptoms in various subtypes of Specific learning disorders. Depressive symptoms are often undetected and there is a need for early identification. Keywords: Depressive symptoms; Specific learning disorders, prevalence

Prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms among children with specific learning disorder attending a tertiary care centre

ABSTRACT Background: Children with Specific learning disorders are highly likely to manifest concurrent social, emotional and mental health problems. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms among children with Specific learning disorders. Methods: The study was conducted in the Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (IMHANS), Kozhikode. The cross-sectional study design was used for the study. The sample consisted of 100 children with Specific learning disorders between the age group of 8 -15 years and was selected by purposive sampling. We used a semi-structured interview schedule for collecting socio personal variables and clinical variables. The short version of standardised Mood and feelings questionnaire both child self-report and parent report on child to assess depressive symptoms. Prevalence of depressive symptoms was expressed in percentages and association of this with other variables was analysed using the chi-square test. Results: 23% of children with Specific learning disorders had depressive symptoms as per the child self-report and as per parent report 14 % of children with Specific learning disorders had depressive symptoms. About 9% of the parents were not recognising their children’s depressive symptoms; there is a significant association between impairment in writing an expression and depressive symptoms (chi-square value =18, P value< 0.001) Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of depressive symptoms in various subtypes of Specific learning disorders. Depressive symptoms are often undetected and there is a need for early identification. Keywords: Depressive symptoms; Specific learning disorders, prevalence

Associations of family relationships and negative life events with depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents: A cross-sectional study.

ObjectivesThe main objective of this study was to explore the associations of family relationships and negative life events with depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents.MethodsA cross-sectional study of 3081 middle school students was conducted in Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, China. Students were asked to complete questionnaires regarding family relationships, negative life events, and depressive symptoms. A mediation analysis was carried out using a multiple regression analysis and the PROCESS macro method.ResultsOf all participants, 19.9% reported experiencing depressive symptoms. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 13.0% and 29.2% in participants with good and poor parental relationships, and the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 11.4% and 30.9% in participants with closed and alienated parental-child relationships, respectively. Parental relationships, parental-child relationships, and negative life events were positively correlated with depressive symptoms. The effect of parental relationships on depressive symptoms was fully mediated by negative life events (Effect = 0.052, 95% CI = [0.023, 0.082]), while the effect of parent-child relationships on adolescent depressive symptoms was partially mediated by negative life events (Effect = 0.075, 95% CI = [0.048, 0.104]).ConclusionsOur results showed a high prevalence of depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents. Poor family relationships may have the potential to increase the risk of depressive symptoms, and they could affect depressive symptoms through negative life events.

Factors associated with antidepressant use among low-income racially and ethnically diverse patients with type 2 diabetes

Depression is common in patients with type 2 diabetes and associated with poor diabetes-related outcomes. We evaluated the factors associated with antidepressant use in a low-income, racially and ethnically diverse sample of patients with type 2 diabetes. We performed a cross-sectional study of baseline data from participants in a cluster randomized trial evaluating a health literacy intervention for diabetes care in safety net clinics. Depressive symptoms were measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D); antidepressant use was abstracted from medication lists. Multivariable mixed effects logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between antidepressant use and race/ethnicity adjusting for depressive symptoms, age, gender, income, and health literacy. Of 403 participants, 58% were non-Hispanic White, 18% were non-Hispanic Black, and 24% were Hispanic. Median age was 51 years old; 60% were female, 52% of participants had a positive screen for depression, and 18% were on antidepressants. Black and Hispanic participants were significantly less likely to be on an antidepressant compared with white participants, adjusted odds ratios 0.31(95% CI: 0.12 to 0.80) and 0.26 (95% CI: 0.10 to 0.74), respectively. In this vulnerable population with type 2 diabetes, we found a high prevalence of depressive symptoms, and a small proportion of participants were on an antidepressant. Black and Hispanic participants were significantly less likely to be treated with an antidepressant. Our findings suggest depression may be inadequately treated in low-income, uninsured patients with type 2 diabetes, especially racial and ethnic minorities.