Higher Pressure Values Research Articles

Adrenal Vascular Changes in COVID-19 Autopsies.

To the Editor.—For the past 2 months, New York City has been the epicenter of the ongoing pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 virus). The disease (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) most acutely and severely affects the lungs, requiring mechanical ventilation in a subset of cases. Other organs, including the heart, kidneys, liver, and gastrointestinal tract, can also be involved. The pathophysiology and the extent of multiorgan involvement is poorly understood. We report pathological findings in the adrenal glands of the first 5 postmortem examinations of patients with COVID-19 diagnosed on clinical grounds with confirmatory real-time polymerase chain reaction testing of nasopharyngeal swab. Two patients were brought to the emergency room in cardiac arrest and could not be resuscitated. Three were briefly hospitalized, 2 for 24 hours and 1 for 72 hours. There were 4 males and 1 female, ranging from 59 to 90 years of age and with the following co-morbidities: hypertension (5 of 5), diabetes (3 of 5), ischemic cardiomyopathy (3 of 5), chronic lung disease (2 of 5, 1 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and 1 with interstitial lung disease), prostate carcinoma (2 of 5), and recent spinal surgery (1 of 5). Blood cultures were negative in the 3 patients tested. On microscopic examination, acute fibrinoid necrosis of small vessels, mainly arterioles in adrenal parenchyma, adrenal capsule, and in the immediately adjacent periadrenal adipose tissue, was identified. Subendothelial vacuolization and apoptotic debris were present (Figure, A–C). No significant inflammation, adrenal parenchymal infarcts, or thrombi were appreciated. The vascular pathology was disproportionately conspicuous in adrenal and not as easily identified in other organs examined.Fibrinoid necrosis describes vessel wall necrosis with fibrin and serum protein accumulation conveying an eosinophilic amorphous appearance on histology. With Masson's trichrome stain, the amorphous fibrinoid material is red, unlike collagen that stains blue (Figure, D). Arteriolar hyalinosis is another term used to describe the accumulation of pink amorphous material in vessel walls. This is thought to relate to hypertension, but is not typically associated with vessel necrosis and endothelial apoptosis. Hyalinosis may explain some of the histopathology; however, many of the vessels we observed were either necrotic or associated with apoptosis. It is unclear if the adrenal vasculopathy is because of hypoxia, abnormal vascular reaction and blood flow patterns, direct viral cytopathic effect, an immune-mediated injury, or a combination of events. Acute fibrinoid necrosis is classically described in malignant hypertension (first by Volhard and Fahr1 in 1914), mainly in kidneys, and in immune-mediated vasculitides. While SARS-CoV-2 infection seems to more severely affect patients with a history of hypertension,2 most critically ill patients with COVID-19 need vasopressors for persistent hypotension.3 Two of 3 hospitalized patients described had recorded high blood pressure values and 1 was hypotensive on arrival. Localized fibrinoid necrosis is also mentioned in a report of pathological findings in SARS virus infection.4 SARS-CoV-2 virus gains entry to the cell via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor,5 which is most abundant in lung alveolar cells, but also present in endothelia and other tissues, providing a possible mechanism for vascular injury.6Adrenal hormones are involved in modulating inflammatory responses7 and adrenal gland dysfunction has been described in patients with community-acquired pneumonia.8In general, adrenal function is not routinely assessed in an intensive care unit setting. The most common indication for corticosteroid administration in an intensive care unit is refractory hemodynamic shock. According to several critical care societies, acute respiratory distress syndrome management can include corticosteroids, as they may decrease the time on a ventilator and reduce mortality.9 Corticosteroids are also administered if there is suspicion of adrenal insufficiency or if they are indicated because of an underlying condition. Currently, the World Health Organization and major critical care and infectious diseases associations advise against routine corticosteroid use in COVID-19 patients, mainly out of concern for slowing viral clearance. However, early reports from China and Europe suggested that corticosteroids are useful in severe COVID-19 and some experts posit that severe cytokine release syndrome seen in some patients warrants the use of corticosteroids or other targeted immunosuppressants.9–12It is interesting to consider that adrenal insufficiency secondary to the vasculopathy described here may contribute to the cytokine storm observed in patients with severe COVID-19. Clinical studies to further assess adrenal function in COVID-19 may help in understanding the pathogenesis of disease in severely affected patients and hopefully lead to therapeutic protocols that may rescue an increased number of patients.

High-Pressure CO2 Adsorption onto NaX Zeolite: Effect of Li+, K+, Mg2+, and Zn2+ and Equilibrium Isotherms Study

Due to the adverse effects of Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions on the environment; various mitigation is regulated to control its emissions. In this study, CO2 adsorption isotherms on NaX or Faujasite X and exchanged zeolites with Li+ (LiX), Zn + (ZnX), Mg2+ (MgX), and K+ (KX) at different temperatures (298, 308, 323, 353, and 362 K) were investigated, using high pressure (3 MPa (30 bar)) thermogravimetric analyzer. The experimental results were then validated using numerous isotherm kinetics models namely Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Elovich, Toth, and Sips. From the study, it was found that the CO2 adsorption isotherms are characterized by a strong increase in low-pressure adsorption and a trend towards a high-pressure limit value Qmax. Specific surface area and pore volume revealed the most significant influent parameters for this study. These findings revealed that both experimental and modeling well correlated with Toth and Sips, gave the best results regardless of the material used.

Skin Blood Flow in Relation to External Pressure and Temperature in the Supine Position on a Standard Hospital Mattress

The purpose of this investigation was to study the relationship between skin blood flow, external pressure and temperature in the skin over bony prominences and muscle padded areas, when healthy individuals and patients with hemiplegia were lying in the supine position on a standard hospital mattress. The pressure values under the gluteus maximus muscle and the sacrum increased significantly in the supine position with bent knees. The heels resting on the mattress gave very high pressure values. Some patients had no observable skin blood flow in the skin over the sacrum and the gluteus maximus muscle. In many individuals there was no observable blood flow in the skin over the heel among both healthy individuals and patients, which was confirmed by very high post-ischemic reactive hyperaemia. There is also a heat accumulation when lying on the mattress which increases the requirement for skin blood flow.

Temporo-spatial and kinetic gait parameters in English setter dogs.

Walking analysis systems have begun to be used in veterinary medicine in recent years. The pressure-sensitive walkway is one of the systems through which we can obtain temporo-spatial and kinetic variables of walking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the walking characteristics of English Setter dogs using a pressure-sensitive system. Twenty-five English Setter dogs were included in the study. Temporo-spatial and kinetic gait parameters were obtained with the pressure-sensitive walkway system. Centre of pressure values were taken separately for the forelimbs and hindlimbs and were statistically analysed. The force values in the forelimb were found to be greater than in the hindlimb during walking. According to the results of dynamic pedobarographic evaluation, the highest-pressure values were found at the 2nd and 3rd digital pads for the forelimbs and on the 3rd and 4th digital pads for the hindlimbs. During the stance, 64.58% of the weight was found to be on the forelimbs. No difference was found between the forelimbs and the hindlimbs in centre of pressure analysis. As conclusion, the gait data obtained from the English Setter dogs can be used in future research to identify animals that may have neurological or orthopaedic problems.

Theoretical investigations on the pressure effects in spin-crossover materials: Reentrant phase transitions and other behavior

Pressure effects have been widely studied in spin-crossover (SCO) solids due to their immediate influence on the thermal dependence of the high-spin (HS) fraction. In most of the cooperative SCO materials, the applied pressure shifts the transition temperatures upward and decreases the thermal hysteresis widths to such an extent that it vanishes at some critical pressure. However, several other unexpected experimental features were found in the literature, showing that the applied pressure may (i) induce an increase of the thermal hysteresis width or even (ii) lead to a reentrant behavior on the thermal hysteresis whose width first increases for low applied pressures and then decreases at high-pressure values. These nonstandard behaviors have been classified as anomalous, even though the transition temperature always increases under pressure. In this theoretical contribution, we rationalize all these behaviors by describing the spin-crossover system under pressure with an elastic description accounting for the difference of lattice parameters between the low-spin (LS) and HS phases including the pressure effects. The analytical study of this elastic model in the homogeneous mechanical system demonstrated its isomorphism with an Ising-like model with infinitely long-range interactions, in which the pressure acts linearly on the ligand field and nonlinearly on the strength of the interactions. The resolution of this model brings to light the existence of a pressure-induced interplay between these two contributions allowing one to recover a wide range of normal and abnormal observed experimental thermal dependences of the spin transition under pressure.

Residual stresses reduce pulse wave velocity in arteries

In this note, we develop simple analytical formulas to estimate the effect of residual stresses on the pulse wave velocity in blood vessels. We combine these formulas with three constitutive models of the arterial wall. Particularly, we consider the Fung model and two models accounting for the dispersion of collagen fibers via 8 and 16 structure tensors accordingly. The residual stresses come into play with a description of the initial kinematics—the opening angle. Our numerical examples reveal that residual stresses reduce the pulse wave velocity. The latter effect becomes especially pronounced at high values of blood pressure.

The typology of slope slides of the cliff coast of Safi-Morocco, and the role of the clay layer in triggering failure

The littoral zone of the Safi coastline is characterised by different geomorphological forms of coastal cliffs cutting into alternating layers of clay and limestone outcrops. The cliffs undergo a wide range of erosional processes with landslides as the most significant mode of recession. A classification of these landslides was made using the typology of the mechanisms, materials and the state of activity. The cliff movements are triggered at the clay level, thus, it is necessary to determine their physical and mechanical characteristics in order to describe their geomechanical behaviour. The finer grain size distribution of the matrix reveals that the clays are misclassified and are ranging as silty clay loam. The Atterberg limits classify this formation as silt or clay of medium plasticity. The proportion of clay, the lithostatic pressure, and the slope are discussed as explanatory variables and expressed as indices. These measurable and descriptive geomorphological parameters can be used to explain the distribution of landslides, especially the rotational type. Statistical correlation in association with rotational slips indicates that the zones with high lithostatic pressure and significant value of the clay index are most affected by these instabilities.

Determination of Optimal Operation Pressure Values for Ultrafiltration Wastewater Treatment

The article presents results of research aimed to determine optimum operational modes of ultrafiltration membranes used to purify biologically treated wastewater as a pretreatment for further reverse osmosis desalination to produce water for industrial use. Results of experimental investigations are presented that evaluated influence of working pressure on operational costs. Optimum values of working pressure are determined for ultrafiltration treatment of wastewater with suspended solids concentrations 20 and 50 mg/L. A special respect is attributed to reduction of ultrafiltration membrane flux due to pore plugging during filtration cycle. Characteristics of membrane backwashing process are determined aimed on flushing-off all particles that plug membrane pores. Prognostic techniques are developed to predict reduction of ultrafiltration membrane flux due to pore plugging and schedule to apply additional membrane backwashes after flux reduces by 25 per cent at high-pressure values is proposed. Additional operational costs values are determined that account for increase of required membrane area and wash water to remove particles that plug pores.

Liquid viscosities of ethyl caprylate and ethyl caprate at elevated temperatures and pressures

In this work, the high-pressure liquid viscosities of ethyl caprylate and ethyl caprate were measured at the temperatures from 303 K to 362 K and pressures up to 30 MPa. The measurements were carried out based the falling-cylinder viscosity measurement system which was established in our laboratory. The combined expanded relative uncertainty of the present measurement was <0.03 with a confidence level of 0.95. The high-pressure viscosity values were correlated with Andrade-Tait equation. The average relative deviation between experimental data and calculated results from Andrade-Tait equation for ethyl caprylate and ethyl caprate was 0.38% and 0.73%, respectively. The maximum relative deviation was 1.32% and 1.96%, respectively.

Remarkable isosteric heat of hydrogen adsorption on Cu(I)-exchanged SSZ-39

Hydrogen storage capacity on Cu(I)-exchanged SSZ-39 (AEI), -SSZ-13 (CHA) and Ultra stable-Y (US–Y, FAU) at temperatures between 279 K and 304 K are investigated. The gravimetric hydrogen storage capacity values reaching 83 μmol H2 g−1 (at 279 K and 1 bar) are found to be comparable with the highest adsorption capacity values reported on metal-organic frameworks. The volumetric hydrogen storage capacity values; on the other hand, are found to be more than three times of those reported on metal-organic frameworks (0.57 g/L on Cu(I)-SSZ-39 at 1 bar and 296 K vs. ca. 0.18 g/L on Co2(m-dobdc) at 1 bar and 298 K (Kapelewski MT, Runčevski T, Tarver JD, Jiang HZH, Hurst KE, Parilla PA et al. Record High Hydrogen Storage Capacity in the Metal-Organic Framework Ni2(m-dobdc) at Near-Ambient Temperatures. Chem Mater 2018; 30:8179–89)). The isosteric heat of adsorption values are calculated to be between 80 kJ mol−1 and 49 kJ mol−1 on Cu(I)-SSZ-39 and between 22 kJ mol−1 and 15 kJ mol−1 on Cu(I)-US-Y indicating H2 adsorption mainly at Cu(I) cations located at the eight-membered rings on Cu(I)-SSZ-39 and at six-membered rings on Cu(I)-US-Y. Hydrogen adsorption experiments performed at 77 K showed higher adsorption capacity values for Cu(I)-SSZ-39 at 1 bar, but Cu(I)-US-Y showed potential for hydrogen storage at higher pressure values.

Risk of metabolic syndrome in river transport workers

In river transport workers metabolic disorders begin to appear after 10 years of living in Yakutia. High values of blood pressure, atherogenicity index and young age of river transport workers with metabolic syndrome (MS), than in the comparable population group with MS, indicate the influence of working conditions and climate on the acceleration of metabolic disorders.

Mathematical model of gas hydrate formation of sulfur dioxide by injecting liquid sulfur dioxide into a layer saturated with methane and water

This paper presents the results of a theoretical study for the gas hydrate formation of sulfur dioxide by injecting liquid sulfur dioxide into a layer saturated with water and methane. Self-similar solutions of a straight-line parallel problem are constructed. The dependences of the temperature and the coordinates of the formation front of sulfur dioxide gas hydrate on the layer permeability are explored. It is established that, as the layer permeability increases, the temperature of the phase transition increases on the surface. As a result, at sufficiently large values of layer permeability, the temperature at the hydrate formation border may exceed the equilibrium decomposition temperature of sulfur dioxide gas hydrate, which will correspond to the appearance of an intermediate region saturated with a mixture of water, sulfur dioxide and its gas hydrate in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium. It is established that at sufficiently high values of injection pressure and permeability, the gas hydrate formation of sulfur dioxide will occur in the extended region.

Failure analysis of heat exchanger tubes of Ni-200 alloy in a titanium tetrachloride vaporizer

This paper presents a metallurgical analysis of damage occurred in heat exchanger tubes of nickel alloy (Ni-200) used for vaporizing titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4). The tubes had undergone a dual environmental condition with heating water steam inside and liquidous TiCl4 outside. Several investigations were conducted to identify the potential failure mechanism. Such investigations included visual examination and microstructural characterization via optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX). Investigations extended also to the mechanical characterization of the tube materials through hardness and tensile testing. The results of hardness and tensile tests showed that the bent tubes had sustained strain hardening, which can act as potential sites of corrosion. SEM and EDX investigations revealed that the damaged sections had corrosion product layers rich in sulfur. However, Cavitation corrosion was found to be the main corrosion form shown in the damaged tubes. It is recommended to keep TiCl4 liquid at high pressure values so that the vapor bubbles are not formed. Also, the sulfur content in the TiCl4 must be kept at very low levels.

Effects of Mineralocorticoid and AT1 Receptor Antagonism on The Aldosterone-Renin Ratio In Primary Aldosteronism-the EMIRA Study.

While current guidelines recommend the withdrawal of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) and renin-angiotensin system blockers for the screening and detection of primary aldosteronism (PA), this can worsen hypokalemia and control of high blood pressure (BP) values. To investigate whether aldosterone/renin ratio (ARR) values were affected by the MRA canrenone and/or by canrenone plus olmesartan treatment in patients with PA. Within-patient study. The European Society of Hypertension center of excellence at the University of Padua. Consecutive patients with an unambiguous diagnosis of PA subtyped by adrenal vein sampling. Patients were treated for 1 month with canrenone (50-100 mg orally), and for an additional month with canrenone plus olmesartan (10-20 mg orally). Canrenone and olmesartan were up-titrated over the first 2 weeks until BP values and hypokalemia were controlled. Patients with unilateral PA were adrenalectomized; those with bilateral PA were treated medically. BP, plasma levels of sodium and potassium, renin and aldosterone. Canrenone neither lowered plasma aldosterone nor increased renin; thus, the high ARR and true positive rate remained unaffected. Addition of the angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker raised renin and slightly lowered aldosterone, which reduced the ARR and increased the false negative rate. At doses that effectively controlled serum potassium and BP values, canrenone did not preclude an accurate diagnosis in patients with PA. Addition of the angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker olmesartan slightly raised the false negative rate. Hence, MRA did not seem to endanger the accuracy of the diagnosis of PA.

The Dynamic Evolution of Cavitation Vacuolar Cloud with High-Speed Camera

The dynamic model of a single cavitation bubble in the submerged cavitation water jet was established and solved by MATLAB to obtain its motion characteristics and pressure pulse change rules. Numerical simulation based on FLUENT to closer wall, empty bubble breaking form then influences the law of mechanics effect, with the increase in empty bubble, and the breaking time is reduced, but the maximum jet velocity and pressure increase gradually, on the mechanism of action of the solid wall by the fact that the combination of microfluidic and shock wave gradually plays a leading role, while plastic deformation and basic cavitation erosion are avoided. The maximum pressure and maximum jet velocity increase little, and the collapse time of cavitation is reduced. By comparing the grayscale images of the two combinations of jets, it can be found that the brightness of the vacuolar clouds in diameter (d) = 1.6 mm and pressure (P) = 15 MPa is slightly less than that in d = 1.2 mm and P = 30 MPa, indicating that the density of the vacuolar clouds and the dispersion is relatively high, while the increase in nozzle diameter leads to the increase in flow rate, which increases the shear layer of high-speed submerged jet in a static water. The pressure pulse generated by cavitating water jet hollow bubble failure is far greater than the linear superposition value of a single cavitation bubble. But the high-pressure shock wave value on the fixed wall and water hammer pressure are generated by microjet. The conclusion is also corresponding to the simulation results.

Characterization of a plasma window as a membrane free transition between vacuum and high pressure

A plasma window (PW) is a device for separating two areas of different pressures while letting particle beams pass with little to no loss. It has been introduced by A. Hershcovitch. In the course of this publication, the properties of a PW with apertures of 3.3 mm and 5.0 mm are presented. Especially the link between the pressure properties relevant for applications in accelerator systems and the underlying plasma properties depending on external parameters are presented. At the low pressure side around some mbar, high-pressure values reached up to 750 mbar while operating with volume flows between 1 slm and 4 slm (standard liter per minute) and discharge currents ranging from 45 A to 60 A. Unique features of the presented PW include simultaneous plasma parameter determination and the absence of ceramic insulators between the cooling plates. Optical analysis reveals no significant damage or wear to the components after an operation time well over 10 h, whereas the cathode needle needs replacement after 5 h.

Carbon dioxide EGR and sequestration in mature and immature shale: Adsorption study

Recently, CO2 sequestration in different shale formations has become an attractive option owing to the abundance of shale basins. However, these formations have different maturity levels and contain a variety of minerals such as carbonates and clays. The amount of CO2 in shale formations is related to the adsorption capacity of these rocks. In this work, adsorption of CH4 and CO2 on three different shales (mature and immature) is studied at different temperatures (50 °C–150 °C). Increasing the percentage of CO2 in the gas mixture raised the adsorption capacity. The different shale samples behave differently at different temperatures. Two of the investigated shale samples (low and moderate total organic carbon (TOC)) showed an endothermic response from 50 °C to 100 °C with a tremendous increase in the adsorption capacity followed by an exothermic response and significant reduction in the capacity at 150 °C. The third sample, which had the highest TOC, had no CH4 adsorption at 50 °C but showed an endothermic response at high temperature with a significant increase in CH4 adsorption. This temperature dependent adsorption behavior is linked to thermally induced alterations in the crystallinity of clay minerals and the organic material. The thermodynamic analysis reveals that the investigated shales have a high affinity to CO2, while adsorption entropy and enthalpy were less compared to CH4. The adsorption isotherms reveal that adsorption of CH4 and CO2 on the shale best modeled by Freundlich isotherm due to surface heterogeneity of the shale and by BET isotherms due to pore filling at high pressure values.

Fatigue Characteristics and Numerical Modeling Socket for Patient with above Knee Prosthesis

In this research, two groups of composite materials were used for manufacturing Above –Knee (AK) prosthetic socket. These sockets were fabricated from resin lamination (80:20) siegalharz as matrix materials, N-glass and carbon as reinforced materials using vacuum pressure. The mechanical properties for materials that used in above knee socket were tested by tensile, bending and fatigue tests. The results showed the mechanical properties of (N-glass - carbon fiber-N-glass) with matrix of lamination (80:20) resin were: Ϭy= 112Mpa, Ϭult=132MPa, Ϭb max=57Mpa, E=1.74GPa and The elongation at Beak was 3.5mm. In addition, the test result of (N-glass - carbon fiber-N-glass) with matrix of siegalharz resin were Ϭy= 123Mpa, Ϭult=151MPa, Ϭb max=174Mpa, E=2.64GPa and the elongation at Beak was3.3mm. Interface pressure was measured for above knee prosthetic socket and the patient age (30years) , height (165 cm) and weight (83 kg). High pressure values of (190Kpa) and (164Kpa) were recorded for the anterior and lateral sections respectively. This is because of the anterior and lateral muscles action which tend to be more active during the movement of the patient. The numerical results showed that the safety factor for (N-glass - carbon fiber-N-glass) with matrix lamination of (80:20) resin was found to be 0.595in addition the safety factor for (N-glass - carbon fiber-Nglass) with matrix of siegalharz resin was numerically calculated to be 1.084 which is safe in design.

Awareness Regarding Hypertension among Adults in a Community of Bhaktapur, Nepal

Introduction: Hypertension is a common global health problem with significant morbidity and mortality. Various preventive life style practices play significant role in controlling it. The objective of this study was to identify awareness regarding hypertension among the adult people in a community of Bhaktapur, Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 138 adults aged 20-59 residing in Bhaktapur, selected through nonprobability purposive sampling technique. The data was collected by face-to-face interview method through semi structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The study showed that 58.7% of adults had adequate awareness regarding hypertension. About 35.5% knew the range of value of high blood pressure and nearly half (47.8%) answered heart as the organ primarily related to hypertension. Stress was identified as a risk for hypertension by 96.4%, 92% specified headache as main symptom and only 31.9% knew about the asymptomatic nature of hypertension. Nearly 90% were aware that management of hypertension includes all: medicine, diet and exercise. Almost 99% of the respondents mentioned about restricting alcohol for BP control and 93.2% mentioned heart attack as the complication of hypertension. Conclusion: The study concluded that only half of adults have adequate awareness regarding hypertension. It also showed that there is statistically significant association of awareness level with age, religion, educational status, occupation, economic status, family history and diagnosis of hypertension. Thus, it could be recommended that health personnel should provide education and information covering all aspects of hypertension to adults residing in community.

Awareness Regarding Hypertension among Adults in a Community of Bhaktapur, Nepal

Introduction Hypertension is a common global health problem with significant morbidity and mortality. Various preventive life style practices play significant role in controlling it. The objective of this study was to identify awareness regarding hypertension among the adult people in a community of Bhaktapur, Nepal.&#x0D; MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 138 adults aged 20-59 residing in Bhaktapur, selected through non probability purposive sampling technique. The data was collected by face to face interview method through semi structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.&#x0D; ResultsThe study showed that 58.7% of adults had adequate awareness regarding hypertension. About 35.5% knew the range of value of high blood pressure and nearly half (47.8%) answered heart as the organ primarily related to hypertension. Stress was identified as a risk for hypertension by 96.4%, 92% specified headache as main symptom and only 31.9% knew about the asymptomatic nature of hypertension. Nearly 90% were aware that management of hypertension includes all: medicine, diet and exercise. Almost 99% of the respondents mentioned about restricting alcohol for BP control and 93.2% mentioned heart attack as the complication of hypertension.&#x0D; ConclusionThe study concluded that only half of adults have adequate awareness regarding hypertension. It also showed that there is statistically significant association of awareness level with age, religion, educational status, occupation, economic status, family history and diagnosis of hypertension. Thus, it could be recommended that health personnel should provide education and information covering all aspects of hypertension to adults residing in community.