High-pressure Pump Research Articles

Friction and Wear Behavior of Paired Pairs of Ceramics and Metal in High-Pressure Pump of Seawater Desalination

Friction and Wear Behavior of Paired Pairs of Ceramics and Metal in High-Pressure Pump of Seawater Desalination

Comparison between Domestic and Foreign Technical Standards to Review the Necessity of Establishing a Performance test System for High-pressure and High-flow Fire Pumps in Fire Trucks

Recently, the demand for high-pressure and high-flow truck-mounted pumps has been increasing due to the frequent occurrence of fires in high-rise buildings. The Korean Fire Equipment Standards, which were specified by the National Fire Agency in January 2018, stipulate the performance test of high-pressure and high-flow fire pumps. In this paper, the relevance of the fire pump standard in Korean Fire Equipment Standards was evaluated by comparison and review the technical standards of domestic KFI certification, NFPA1901 in the United States and EN1028 in Europe based on the performance test of currently used truck-mounted fire pumps. Furthermore, the necessity of establishing performance test facilities for fire pumps was discussed based on the difference between the technical fire pump standards of National Fire Agency and current KFI certification to introduce accurate and safe high-pressure, high-flow fire pumps in the future.

Tribological Behavior of Friction Pairs in a High-Pressure Vane Pump under Variable Working Conditions

Tribological Behavior of Friction Pairs in a High-Pressure Vane Pump under Variable Working Conditions

Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plant Driven by Solar Photovoltaic System–Case Study

A case study of designing of a reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plant using a Solar Photovoltaic (PV) system is investigated in this work. The RO system is a desalination plant providing pure water to the Shoiaba power generation plant. The system consists of a PV array connected to an inverter for day time or batteries for night time. The PV is designed to meet the high-pressure pumps’ load that is about 13649 kWh a day. Because the plant is operated 24 hours a day the PV panels are divided into two parts, one to cover the day time load and the second to cover night load that is stored in batteries. Based on weather conditions of solar radiation of the shortest day and maximum ambient temperature the PV is sizing and a storage system is determined. The system is modeled by the TNSYS software to simulate the performance of the system during the year. The annual performance of system proves that the system is able to meet the required load during the year. It can be concluded that it is a great opportunity to install photovoltaic panels and increase the efficiency of Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plant.

Operation Cycle of Diesel CR Injection Pump via Pressure Measurement in Piston Working Chamber

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the operating cycle of a high-pressure injection pump used in common rail systems. The investigation is based on experimental activities, and it is carried out in a novel pump set-up that allows measurements of the instantaneous pressure in the piston working chamber. A single plunger pump has been equipped with a piezo-resistive pressure transducer which allows for the measurement of the pressure signal during pump operation on a test rig. The paper describes the experimental set-up, the modified injection pump equipped with the pressure transducer, and the experimental tests carried out. Main results obtained using a standard commercial diesel fuel are discussed at first; secondly, the focus moves on to the use of an alternative fuel (biodiesel) whose features in terms of bulk modulus, viscosity, and density significantly differ from the reference fuel. Based on the characteristics of the pump operating cycle, the fuel suction and delivery processes are analyzed, pointing out how the used fuel type is reflected on them. The investigations are aimed at describing the operating characteristics of the pump, focusing the attention on those features playing a fundamental role on the global efficiency of the pump. The amplitudes of the pump-work phases, the ranges of pressure fluctuations, and the pressure-rise rates are quantified and reported, providing crucial indications for lumped parameter modeling and design activities in the field of current generation high-pressure injection pumps.

Hydrofracturing tests on granite samples using a true triaxial device equipped with acoustic emission sensors

We present a series of tests performed on granite samples using a true triaxial device designed and built at the Rock Mechanics Laboratory (University of A Coruña). The experiments were performed using cubic rock samples of 150 mm-edge, which were loaded to different stress conditions (σh < σh < σy < 45 MPa) on each loading axis. The device is based on a stiff steel frame that can be coupled to a servo-hydraulic testing machine that provides de vertical stress (av), while two high-pressure pumps are used to deliver the lateral stress (σh and ah). An additional high-pressure pump is used to inject the fluid (mineral oil) into the rock sample at a low constant-flow rate. The aluminium loading platens, which are bevelled at the edges to avoid interaction among adjacent faces, have holes and grooves to introduce acoustic emission sensors that allow the location of fracture propagation. The specimens were drilled using a 6 mm drill bit until reaching the geometrical centre. Then, a 1/8” (~3.18 mm) stainless steel tube is glued to the samples with epoxy. Strain measurements during the experiments were conducted using four strain gages attached to the orthogonal faces of the specimens. The system was further equipped with three LVDTs to account for the bulk displacement on each axis. Our results suggest a linear relationship between the breakdown pressure and the confining stress under hydrostatic conditions but no clear correlation in non-hydrostatic stress regime.

Determine the dynamic load acting on the chassis of multipurpose forest fire fighting vehicle

Multi-purpose forest fire fighting vehicle is produced in Viet Nam include a combination of fire fighting equipment such as high-pressure water pump, create corridor fire insulation cutting machine, vacuum and high wind speed bowling machine, extinguish the fire sand blast apparatus that is mounted active three axles vehicle. The paper presents how to determine the dynamic load acting on the chassis by 3D modeling method. The results of this study are the input parameters for assessing the durability of the chassis of multi-purpose forest fire fighting vehicle.

Research on Massive Data Processing System of Coal Mine Safety Monitoring Based on Computer Technology

Production safety is the most important problem in coal mine production, which requires us to monitor and monitor the coal mine production process in real time. Therefore, under the computer technology, we can carry out multi-sensor acquisition, including gas concentration, carbon monoxide content, environmental pressure, humidity, etc., which can collect and monitor the underground operation in real time. Through computer technology, coal mining enterprises can monitor and control safety production in real time. Through the sensor, we can monitor the working state of equipment, such as circulating fan, high-pressure water pump, winch and motor, which can deal with a variety of abnormal production problems, such as over-voltage, power loss of current, lack of phase. With the application of various sensors, the information system will collect more and more data, which will lead to great challenges for coal mine safety monitoring system. Therefore, we must enhance the data processing system, which will better coordinate the data interaction of various subsystems. Through the data processing system, we can improve the efficiency of coal mine safety monitoring, which will ensure the smooth operation of coal mining enterprises. Firstly, this paper analyzes the coal mine safety monitoring system. Then, this paper analyzes the source of the data. Finally, this paper analyzes the processing method.

Nature-Inspired Modified Bat Algorithm for the High-Efficiency Optimization of a Multistage Centrifugal Pump for a Reverse Osmosis Desalination System

The high-pressure multistage centrifugal pump is the main piece of energy-consuming equipment in the reverse osmosis desalination process, and it consumes about 35% of the entire system’s operating cost. The optimization process of multi-stage pumps undoubtedly requires the performance comparison of multiple schemes in order to verify the effectiveness of the optimized design and the optimization method. Therefore, based on ANSYS Workbench and an improved bat algorithm, an intelligent optimization scheme was designed and carried out on a three-stage reverse osmosis desalination high-pressure pump for efficiency improvement by optimizing the matching relationship between the impeller and the guide vane. An external characteristic test was carried out in an open test rig system in order to verify the numerical model. After modifying the positive guide vane structure, the efficiency was improved for both the rated design and the non-design flow conditions without obvious separation and backflow. With the improved bat algorithm, there was a 3.98% increase in the design point efficiency after the final optimization. Under the design conditions, all of the large vortices disappeared after the optimization. The study provides a reference for the optimization design of the impeller–guide vane matching effect in a multistage pump using an improved bat algorithm.

Decentralized brackish water reverse osmosis desalination plant based on PV and pumped storage - Technical analysis

Photovoltaic driven decentralized reverse osmosis plants for brackish water desalination offer a sustainable and low-emission solution for water deficiency problems, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. However, the primary challenge for this combination is how a brackish water reverse osmosis desalination (BWRO) plant based on photovoltaics (PV) can be operated continuously with high energy efficiency. Therefore, this study presents an innovative concept for a BWRO plant operated 24 h/d with a constant drinking water production capacity based on PV and pumped storage as hydraulic energy storage. The latter is used to cover the hydraulic energy consumption of the BWRO process completely or partially in times when the necessary electrical power cannot be provided by the PV plant due to missing solar radiation. During the course of the year, only 2% of the hydraulic energy to be stored in the pumped storage is lost during charging and discharging. The overall efficiency (from PV electricity to used hydraulic energy) of the pumped storage in the investigated innovative system is 78.4%. This value is 2.4% higher than the overall efficiency for a battery system with a high pressure pump in the current designs for BWRO based on PV and battery.

Stator Parameters Optimization of High-pressure Vane Pump with Vane-stator Pair Dynamic Pressure Effect

Stator Parameters Optimization of High-pressure Vane Pump with Vane-stator Pair Dynamic Pressure Effect

Powder bed coating of bitumen with asphaltenes to obtain solid prills for midstream transportation

A continuous increase in the global demand for liquid fuels has led to increased reliance on unconventional sources of fossil fuels such as bitumen. The extraction, midstream transportation, and ultimate processing of heavy oils presents a distinctive set of challenges. For example, the high viscosity of bitumen poses a challenge to its transportation through conventional transportation systems such as pipelines. Conventional approaches to address the challenging rheological properties of bitumen involve dilution of bitumen with natural gas condensates, addition of surfactants, ultrasonic heating, thermal jacketing of pipelines, and high pump pressures. These solutions require considerable investments in infrastructure, frequent inspection and maintenance, and pose a risk of spillage to vulnerable environments. As such, much interest has focused on the design of solid-state transportation methodologies. In this article, we propose a viable and safe transportation alternative wherein bitumen is reconfigured such that the droplets of lighter fractions of bitumen (saturates, aromatics, resins) are encapsulated within conformal shells of asphaltenes. The tendency of asphaltenes to aggregate has been exploited to obtain cross-linked shells without requiring the use of extraneous chemical additives. Thermally mediated crosslinking of the asphaltenes shells allow the microcapsules to hold their form and result in the emergence of mechanical strength. The stress-withstanding abilities and velocity impact resistance of these microcapsules have been studied to establish their viability for industrial use, and demonstrate that microcapsules with diameters of ca. 1.25 mm can withstand stresses as high as 576 kN/m2. Since the bitumen microcapsules have been formulated by simply reconfiguring the intrinsic components of bitumen, they can be readily fluidized by mechanical means to recover the encapsulated lighter fractions. The solid microcapsules demonstrate the viability of solid-state transportation of bitumen via roadways or marine tankers, thereby mitigating a primary impediment to the utilization of viscous oils.

Fractures Analysis in High-Pressure Pumps

Abstract The wear is a very common physical phenomenon in the mechanical area. It can be observed in different mechanisms in different forms. Depending of the role of the mechanism in the assembly or subassembly of which it is part of, wear can happen. Thus, after a short analysis in the automotive area, it can be observed that in the fuel high pressure pumps, several forms of wear are encountered. Various levels of the wear can be studied. Depending of the working period and the operating conditions of the pump, various types of wear can occur, such as adhesion, corrosion, abrasion, fatigue or erosion. The purpose of this paper is to experimental study a type of wear often encountered in high pressure pumps, whose early identification can be useful in damages prevention in order to assure the pump performance. Some wear examples due to material fractures are described.

Experimental Investigation on Assembly Process for High Pressure Injection Pump Components

Abstract The sealing gaskets are mechanical systems that seal and fill the gap between two or more jointed surfaces. The gasket have been created and designed to prevent leaks that can occur between surfaces subjected to compression and also, to prevent contamination with dust, mud or other impurities from outside of the system. The applicability area of these gaskets has increased visibly and they are currently used in a full range of equipment, such as mechanical transmissions, machines for terrain works, equipment production, etc. The way that seals help to fix and connect the mechanical assemblies, their stress resistance and their durability over the time have been studied by literature. The paper presents the influence of the components assembly in a high-pressure pump and its impact on sealing. Using the Taylor Hobson measurement system and scanning electron microscopy we were able to find out the composition of the gasket studied and determine the dimensional variations, mainly due to the assembly process.

Автоматическая разгрузка осевой силы на радиально-упорном подшипнике бустерного насоса системы подачи топлива жидкостного ракетного двигателя

Increasing the suction capacity, efficiency and energy parameters of high-speed pumps is an important task in the development of power systems in the aerospace industry, as well as in their application in energy and oil production. With improved cavitation properties, the pumps can operate at a higher shaft speed, and at its given value - with lower cavitation reserves, i.e. at a reduced inlet pressure. When the shaft speed increases, the pump weight and overall dimensions decrease. To increase the anti-cavitation qualities of pumps in the power system, auxiliary (booster) pumping units are used, creating the pressure necessary for the cavitation-free operation of high-pressure and high-speed main pumps of the engine fuel supply system. In accordance with its purpose, the booster pump must provide the required supply pressure of the specified flow rate at the lowest possible liquid pressure at the inlet. At the same time, the efficiency of the booster pump unit should be maximum, and the overall dimensions and weight should be minimal. The last two characteristics predetermine the maximum possible number of revolutions of the pump shaft. Ensuring the operability of the ball-bearing supports of the fuel supply units is one of the most important and complex tasks in the development of modern and promising liquid rocket engines (LRE), especially reusable ones. This task has always been one of the priorities in the fine-tuning the fuel feed units of such engines. The article proposes a method for calculating and controlling the unloading liquid rocket engine booster pump radial thrust bearings from axial force. The method can be applied in the entire range of liquid rocket engine calculations. The further development of this work will be mathematical modeling of the operation of the booster pump automatic axial force unloading.

Simulation on an electro-hydrostatic actuator controlled by a high-pressure piezoelectric pump with a displacement amplifier

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a new hydrostatic actuator controlled by a piezoelectric piston pump and to reveal its characteristics.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, a piezoelectric pump with passive poppet valves and hydraulic displacement amplifier is designed as a new control component in a hydrostatic actuator for high actuation capacity. A component-level mathematical model is established to describe the system characteristics. Simulation verification for cases under typical conditions is implemented to evaluate the delivery behavior of the pump and the carrying ability of the actuator.FindingsBy using the displacement amplifier and the passive distributing valves, simulation demonstrates that the pump can deliver flow rate up to 3 L/min, and the actuator controlled by this pump can push an object weighing approximately 50 kg. In addition, it is particularly important to decide a proper amplification ratio of the amplifier in the pump for better actuation performance.Originality/valueThe piezoelectric pump presented in this paper has its potential to light hydrostatic actuator. The model constructed in this paper is valid for characteristic analysis and performance evaluation of this pump and actuators.

Seismic Moment Tensor Inversion of an Induced Microseismic Event, Offshore Norway: An Insight into the Possible Cause of Wellbore Liner Failure during a Drilling Operation

Abstract A microseismic event with Mw∼0.8 was recorded at the Grane oilfield, offshore Norway, in June 2015. This event is believed to be associated with a failure of the wellbore liner in well 25/11-G-8 A. The failure mechanism has been difficult to explain from drilling parameters and operational logs alone. In this study, we analyzed the detected microseismic event to shed light on the possible cause of this event. We inverted for the seismic moment tensor, analyzed the S/P amplitude ratio and radiation pattern of seismic waves, and then correlated the microseismic data with the drilling reports. The inverted seismic moment indicates a shear-tensile (dislocation) event with a strong positive isotropic component (67% of total energy) accompanied by a positive compensated linear vector dipole (CLVD) and a reverse double-couple (DC) component. Drilling logs show a strong correlation between high pump pressure and the occurrence of several microseismic events during the drilling of the well. The strongest microseismic event (Mw∼0.8) occurred during peak pump pressure of 277 bar. The application of high pump pressure was associated with an attempt to release the liner hanger running tool (RT) in the well, which had been obstructed. Improper setting of the liner hanger could have caused the forces from the RT release to be transferred to the liner and might have resulted in ripping and parting of the pipe. The possible direct impact of the ripped liner with the formation or the likely sudden hydraulic pressure exposure to the formation caused by the liner ripping may explain the estimated isotropic component in the moment tensor inversion in the well. This impact can promote slip along the pre-existing fractures (the DC component). The presence of gas in the formation or the funneled fluid to the formation caused by the liner ripping may explain the CLVD component.

Desalination of brackish water using cascade Rankine cycle based reverse osmosis system

The desalination of brackish ground water using cascade Rankine cycle is proposed. A pair of a Rankine cycle like steam Rankine cycle (SRC) and organic Rankine cycle (ORC) as a waste heat recovery. The single stage steam turbine for the SRC unit while the scroll expander for ORC unit is selected. Simulation of cascade RO system performance is considered using R245fa as a working fluid for ORC unit. The saturated steam from solar Scheffler disc will expand into steam turbine, where the reject heat from steam turbine will utilize for evaporation of ORC working fluid. The high-pressure RO pumps integrated with SRC and ORC turbines to provide net driving pressure to the RO module. This type of system is well suitable for desalination of brackish water due to moderate working temperature & pressure. Result shows that the pair of Rankine cycle will increase the overall (cascade) efficiency of the system. The basic input parameters are optimised with Taguchi approach. The performance of the system shows a good agreement with variation of mass flow rate of the steam in which the permeate flow rate from RO will increase along with the cycle efficiencies.

Advanced Well Control Reduces Risk of a Blowout

AbstractThere are still concerns about well control especially for operations in sensitive environments. Currently the final barrier while drilling oil and gas wells is a valve system (blowout preventer or BOP) located on top of wells. These valves can isolate wells by sealing around or shearing through obstructions in the well (e.g. drilling pipe and casing). If these valves fail or if some other barrier in a well fails, hydrocarbon loss to the environment is possible. Adding barriers capable of responding to a well control loss could alleviate these concerns. ExxonMobil is currently evaluating concepts to provide two additional methods to kill an out-of-control well. One utilizes rapid crosslinking polymers to form a polymer-plug seal inside a BOP after a failure. The other is to rapidly pump seawater into a well to produce back pressure that overpressures the entire well bore to keep hydrocarbons from escaping oil / gas bearing zones.Mixing dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) and other monomers with a ruthenium-based catalyst causes a rapid polymerization reaction that forms a high-strength, stable solid. These reactions can occur under extreme temperatures and pressures while withstanding significant contamination from other fluids and solids. The well-control concept is to rapidly pump the monomers and catalyst into a leaking BOP to form a polymer seal that prevents further flow.The seawater injection concept uses high-pressure and capacity pumps located on a surface vessel and a conduit from these pumps to a port on a BOP. If a blowout occurs, seawater at high rate is pumped in the BOP. If BOP seal failure is the reason for containment loss, then the seawater will overpressure the BOP and seawater will displace the hydrocarbons passing through the leak point. Seawater injection will also overpressure the entire wellbore to keep hydrocarbons from escaping anywhere in the well. For example, if a leak occurs deep in the well, seawater injection into the BOP will overpressure the entire well and the seawater will replace the hydrocarbon flowing through the leak point.We have conducted testing of the polymer plug concept at representative temperatures and pressures using a small-scale BOP. Polymer seals were formed when the scale BOP was flowing drilling mud, a crude-oil surrogate, and water. The seals held up to 5,000 psi pressure for almost 18 hours. We have completed modeling of the seawater injection concept to define pumping needs. This paper describes the current status of concept development.

Acoustic Optimization of Mechatronic Direct Injection Systems and Analysis of the Effects on Robustness in System Operation

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The tightening of the emission legislation and political and social demands for sustainable mobility are forcing the automotive industry to develop complex, high precision mechatronic drive systems. The increasing precision of mechatronic components generally leads to an increase in structural excitation and thus to a rise in noise. The so-called ticking of the fuel injection system has a rather low sound pressure level compared to the residual engine noise. Nevertheless, the impulsive and high frequency noise character leads to a decline concerning the perception of comfort and sound quality. In order to identify the sound quality of fuel injection systems as a frontloading measure, a system test bench has been developed which represents the structure-borne and airborne sound radiation of the stand-alone injection system in a close to series configuration. In this paper, measures for the acoustic optimization of injection systems and their effects on the robustness of the system are discussed. The focus is on engine idling, since at this operating point the ticking of the injectors and high-pressure pump can be perceived most clearly due to the low masking effects of other noise sources. For this purpose, the injection parameters were measured during full engine operation and transferred to the system test bench. By using a special development control unit, it was possible to modify the parameters, quantify their influence on the acoustic behavior and, based on this, define NVH optimized control strategies. For the robustness evaluation of the NVH optimized control strategies, key functions of the injection system were analyzed under varying boundary conditions in system operation on an injection rate test bench.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;