High Precision Operation Research Articles

High Performance Precision Rectifier for Analog Signal Processing

This paper presents two improved precision rectifiers, each employing two active elements and two MOS transistors. The new circuits are advantageous when compared to the most recent work [5] by enjoying high input impedance and resistor-less realization, which makes them ideal for CMOS implementation. High precision and wide frequency operation of the circuits is shown along with parasitic insensitivity. The dual-X current conveyor based novel circuits have useful analog signal processing applications and are verified through extensive computer simulations. General Terms Analog Signal Processing, Current Conveyors.

Abstracts of the 17th International Symposium on Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence ‐ (ISBC 2012)

WARNING : The light-emitting molecular structures responsible for the chemiluminescence and fluorescence phenomena are not necessarily the same!

Design of Digital Area Mapping Instrument Based on GPS

In order to measure irregular land area, researches the method based on GPS digital mapping, by transformating the received GPS data (latitude longitude and altitude) into three-dimensional coordinates with which fast measuring land area. The experimental results show that the GPS digital mapping, used in land area measurement, is a kind of high precision, high efficiency, simple and convenient operation method.

Hardware Design of Precision Injection Molding Machine Temperature Control Circuit

The existing hardware circuits can only measure a single point temperature in a small range owing to the influence of extremely little output voltage and the poor linear degrees of thermocouple on testing temperature ,and it is difficult to meet the demand of practical use because of its low measurement precision . This system realized accurate measurement of multipoint temperature in a large range using optimization design to overcome the above-mentioned defects,, It uses low maladjustment and high precision operation amplifier ADOP07 to constitute the inphase and shunt-wound difference amplification circuit to carry out non-electric measurement of thermocouple It also uses the CD4051 chip to compose the switch circuit at different time in order to realize the measurement of multi-thermocouple ,and the ICAD538 is used to implement square operation in order to make linear compensation of temperature , finally sends the measurement value to single-chip computer through A/D converter to process data which is controlled by the application of modern fuzzy controlling theory so as to reach the aim of precise measurement and control. The experiments show the system can realize accurate measurement of multipoint temperature in a wide from 20 to 400°C, and the experimental results are satisfying

The Application of Temperature Sensor TMP36 and the Assembly Algorithm of Multidigit Decimal Resolving

A kind of high reliability and high-precision division operation achieved by 8051 series SCM was discussed; the algorithm eliminated the limitations of system’s unsigned division through the iterative multiplication. Combined with the application of the TMP36 temperature sensor, the experiment demonstrates that the result is accurate, the algorithm has the advantages of simple algorithm, strong adaptability and high reliability, etc, it is very practical.

An Opto-Electronic Integrated Non-Contact Angle Measuring System for Knife Blade Angle

in order to measure knife blade angle, which has a serious influence on the sharpness and sharpness retentivity of knives and scissors, a knife blade angle measuring system based on electronics and laser technology is established. This system has many advantages such as a high precision (±1°), convenient and simple operation, cost saving, non-contact, safety and stability, etc. The system is very helpful to improve the product qualities of knives and scissors.

Study on Geological Reserves Calculation Based on 3D Entity Model

In order to overcome some technical problems in 3D modeling and model interaction operation, a new geological reserves calculation method is proposed based on 3D entity model. Firstly, this paper discusses how to infer and link mine rock boundary lines and generate geological profile map with it the 3D entity model of ore body can be constructed. Then, the principle of geological reserves calculation is discussed in detail. The calculation results show that this method is of characteristic of high precision and easy operation compared with the traditional empirical formula and provides a new operation and design platform for engineering designers.

Research on Principles and Processes of Electrochemical Finishing with Ultrahigh-Frequency Group Pulse

On the foundation of the methods and mechanisms of electrochemical finishing with high-frequency group pulse we studied before, properties of the finishing process with ultrahigh-frequency group pulse were studied, effects of pulse effect on the finishing result were also researched. With the Ultrahigh-frequency group pulse power we designed, we designed a equipment with high precision and easy operation. After some single-factor experiments, we obtained the laws of how the main pulse influenced the result, from the Ra of 2Cr13 stainless steel surface.

Study of Electrochemical Finishing with High-Frequency Group Pulse

The methods and mechanisms of electrochemical finishing with high-frequency group pulse was studied. With the high-frequency group pulse power designed, an equipment with high precision and easy operation was designed. In the experiment, The influence of power frequency, machining voltage, machining gap and so on to the result was analyzed. With some orthogonal experiments, we obtained the best combination of process parameters, from the Ra value of 2Cr13 stainless steel surface.

A Test System of Flow Characteristic Based upon PLC for Control Valve

The flow characteristics of control valve are very important to product quality. For measuring the flow coefficient and flow curve accurately and all-rounding, we have designed a test system,which worked with PLC, it can measure the flow characteristics and resistance coefficient of control valve. The main purpose of this study was to bring out the work elements, design feature, and test software.The study we have performed showed that this test system is reasonable, easy to support entire automatic measurement with high precision and easy operation.

Robotic cell for beef carcass primal cutting and pork ham boning in meat industry

PurposeThe mechanization of the meat cutting companies has become essential. This paper aims to study the feasibility of cutting operations for beef and boning operations for pork ham. The study aims to enhance industrial robots application by using vision or force control.Design/methodology/approachThe paper opted for an industrial robot‐based cell. The first part of this paper focuses on in‐depth study of operators' expertise, so as to translate their actions into automatable operative tasks and to identify the constraints of robotization. It details more particularly a cutting strategy using a bone as a guide which shows the complexity of the process. The analysis of the cutting and task constraint parameters involves the use of a kinematically redundant robotized cell with force control. Then the cell model is developed, and experimentation is performed.FindingsThe paper explains how to solve the problem of the high variability of the size for beef carcass. It gives several ideas to realize the boning of pork ham. It develops the strategies, the sensors and the cell architecture to make this type of operations.Research limitations/implicationsBecause of the choice of an existing industrial robot, the tool paths with force control are limited. Therefore, new force control instructions have to be developed to continue this work on more complicated operations.Practical implicationsThis study was carried out within the framework of the SRDViand project in cooperation with meat industry partners.Originality/valueThe paper fulfils an identified need to study the beef quartering which is a high‐variability operation and ham deboning which is a high precision operation.

60 GHz FM-CWR Using NRD guide for distance estimation

An FM-CW radar front-end was fabricated in an integrated manner at 60 GHz by using the NRD guide. The main emphasis was placed on compactness in size and high-precise operation in performance. The fabricated radar consists of an FM Gunn oscillator, a balanced mixer, and a planar antenna fed by a leaky NRD guide with a mechanically beam-scanning performance. All circuit components and the antenna were contained in a compact housing of 170 x 140 mm in area and 25 mm in thickness, and thus, a thin type of millimeter-wave radar front-end was successfully developed. Moreover, an error of distance estimation was measured to be less than a distance of 0.7 m.

A land surface soil moisture data assimilation framework in consideration of the model subgrid-scale heterogeneity and soil water thawing and freezing

The Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) is well known and widely used in land data assimilation for its high precision and simple operation. The land surface models used as the forecast operator in a land data assimilation system are usually designed to consider the model subgrid-heterogeneity and soil water thawing and freezing. To neglect their effects could lead to some errors in soil moisture assimilation. The dual EnKF method is employed in soil moisture data assimilation to build a soil moisture data assimilation framework based on the NCAR Community Land Model version 2.0 (CLM 2.0) in consideration of the effects of the model subgrid-heterogeneity and soil water thawing and freezing: Liquid volumetric soil moisture content in a given fraction is assimilated through the state filter process, while solid volumetric soil moisture content in the same fraction and solid/liquid volumetric soil moisture in the other fractions are optimized by the parameter filter. Preliminary experiments show that this dual EnKF-based assimilation framework can assimilate soil moisture more effectively and precisely than the usual EnKF-based assimilation framework without considering the model subgrid-scale heterogeneity and soil water thawing and freezing. With the improvement of soil moisture simulation, the soil temperature-simulated precision can be also improved to some extent.

Distance estimation at 60 GHz band

An FM-CW radar front-end was fabricated in an integrated manner at 60 GHz by using the NRD guide. Main emphasis was placed on compactness in size and high-precise operation in performance. The fabricated radar consists of an FM Gunn oscillator, a balanced mixer, and a planar antenna fed by leaky NRD guide with a mechanically beam-scanning performance. All circuit components and the antenna were contained in a compact housing of 170 times 140 mm in area and 25 mm in thickness, and thus, a thin type of millimeter-wave radar front-end was successfully developed. Moreover, an error of distance estimation was measured to be less than 0.7 m.

Distance Estimation at 60 GHz

An FM-CW radar front-end was fabricated in an integrated manner at 60 GHz by using the NRD guide. Main emphasis was placed on compactness in size and high-precise operation in performance. The fabricated radar consists of an FM Gunn oscillator, a balanced mixer, and a planar antenna fed by leaky NRD guide with a mechanically beam-scanning performance. All circuit components and the antenna were contained in a compact housing of 170 /spl times/ 140 mm in area and 25 mm in thickness, and thus, a thin type of millimeter-wave radar front-end was successfully developed. Moreover, an error of distance estimation was measured to be less than a distance of 0.7 m.

Coordinated Motion Control of Moving Gantry Stages for Precision Applications Based on an Observer-Augmented Composite Controller

High-precision operation in gantry systems is required to meet higher demands on positioning accuracy in a wide range of applications such as circuit assembly, precision metrology, and wafer stepping. In this paper, the experimental study of an observer-augmented composite control scheme for coordinated motion control of moving gantry stages for precision applications is presented. The scheme will be implemented and compared to other control schemes currently available for this purpose, including a master-slave and a set-point coordinated scheme. Experimental results will illustrate the enhanced performance of the fully coordinated control scheme with respect to tight trajectory tracking purposes.

Effect of ion irradiation on the optical properties and room temperature oxidation of copper surface

Ex situ and in situ spectroellipsometric investigation of room temperature oxidation of ion-implanted copper surface was performed. The ellipsometer is capable to measure simultaneously the ellipsometric parameters Ψ and Δ at 88 different wavelength values in the range of 280–760 nm within a few minutes in the high precision operation mode using two zone averaging and within a fraction of a second in the one zone operation mode. The native oxide layer formed earlier on the surface of the copper was sputtered off during the aluminum ion implantation. In situ study of the growth of the newly formed native oxide layer on the ion implanted surface was carried out. Ion beam analytical measurements were performed to gain further information on the native oxide layer. The absolute number of the oxygen atoms in the native copper oxide layer was determined. The depth distribution of the implanted aluminum was extracted from Rutherford backscattering spectra. It is found that Al implantation enhanced the oxidation resistance.

Nonlinear modeling and identification of a DC motor for bidirectional operation with real time experiments

Modeling and identification of mechanical systems constitute an essential stage in practical control design and applications. Controllers commanding systems that operate at varying conditions or require high precision operation raise the need for a nonlinear approach in modeling and identification. Most mechanical systems used in industry are composed of masses moving under the action of position and velocity dependent forces. These forces exhibit nonlinear behavior in certain regions of operation. For a multi-mass rotational system, the nonlinearities, like Coulomb friction and dead zone, significantly influence the system operation when the rotation changes direction. The paper presents nonlinear modeling and identification of a DC motor rotating in two directions together with real time experiments. Linear and nonlinear models for the system are obtained for identification purposes, and the major nonlinearities in the system, such as Coulomb friction and dead zone, are investigated and integrated in the nonlinear model. The Hammerstein nonlinear system approach is used for identification of the nonlinear system model. Online identification of the linear and nonlinear system models is performed using the recursive least squares method. Results of the real time experiments are graphically and numerically presented, and the advantages of the nonlinear identification approach are revealed.

Combination of strategy investigation and utilization of sensor signals in robotic assembly

Recently, various kinds of sensor have been widely used in engineering and technological applications. As feedback devices, sensors are anticipated to provide all the information of a dynamic system or at least the information that is necessary in the real-time control process. Therefore much effort has been devoted to the analysis of the influences of noises on the sensor system and the improvement of the control performance. The oversimplification of the utilization process of sensors has led to the lack of motivation in strategy investigation. However, it should be noted that a dynamic system can be described by different states and the state measured by sensors may be different from that being controlled. Also the measured state may not be able to provide all the information required in the control system. This required information can be defined as information states. Furthermore, in many cases, there is no one to one relationship between the measured state and the information state. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse the whole system from a higher level. In this paper, a new process has been designed to control the dynamic system with sensor feedback. Based on this process, the strategies that can be used to achieve high-precision robotic assembly operations with force sensors have been analysed systematically. It is anticipated that this process can be widely used in other applications.

High-speed high-precision min/max circuits in CMOS technology

New voltage-mode min/max circuits are introduced that have a simple architecture. Unlike conventional winner-take-all or source follower based schemes, the proposed circuits are characterised by reduced voltage swing at all internal nodes and by a very low output impedance, which enables them to provide high-speed and high-precision operation. Their complexity grows linearly with the number of inputs. The characterisation of a test chip prototype has provided experimental verification of these features.