Higher Potential For Injury Research Articles

Zoysiagrass and weed response to herbicides during post-dormancy transition

AbstractWinter annual weeds begin to germinate as zoysiagrass enters winter dormancy in autumn. These weeds can suppress zoysiagrass shoot development the following spring through competition for sunlight, moisture, and nutrients. Previous research involving winter annual weed control in dormant turfgrass has been conducted primarily on bermudagrass, but less is known about how various herbicides used for this purpose will influence zoysiagrass after dormancy transition. Two field studies were conducted over 7 site-years between 2016 and 2020 to evaluate 17 herbicide treatments that are typically marketed for broadleaf weed control in spring and 18 herbicide treatments that are typically marketed for annual bluegrass control during winter for their effects on a variety of weeds and semidormant ‘Meyer’ and dormant ‘Zeon’ zoysiagrass, respectively. Glufosinate, glyphosate + simazine, and indaziflam + simazine controlled Persian speedwell by more than 90% and control was significantly greater with auxin-type and other herbicide combinations. Dandelion and Persian speedwell were better controlled with a combination of simazine and glyphosate than when glyphosate was applied alone. Glufosinate controlled dandelion, hairy bittercress, and Persian speedwell more effectively than glyphosate. In Meyer zoysiagrass, glyphosate and glufosinate controlled annual bluegrass equivalently, whereas in Zeon zoysiagrass, glyphosate controlled annual bluegrass better than glufosinate did. Foramsulfuron or treatments that contained simazine resulted in >90% control of annual bluegrass. A flumioxazin admixture with diquat, glufosinate, or glyphosate improved annual bluegrass control. Herbicide treatments that contain diquat, glufosinate, glyphosate, and metsulfuron alone or in a tank-mix should not be applied to Meyer zoysiagrass with 5% visual green turf cover due to high injury potential. In both studies, glufosinate was more injurious to Meyer and Zeon zoysiagrass than glyphosate. Overall, several herbicides that control annual bluegrass or broadleaf weeds can be safely applied to Zeon zoysiagrass during dormancy or Meyer zoysiagrass during post-dormancy transition.

Agronomic performance of wheat under post-emergence herbicide application

ABSTRACT In addition to the herbicides already registered for the wheat crop, others may be selective, such as saflufenacil, atrazine, mesotrione and triclopyr. This study aimed to assess the selectivity of herbicides via crop yield analysis, alone and in mixtures, applied to wheat in post-emergence, at the end of tillering. Two experiments were conducted using a randomized blocks design. The first experiment (E1) involved 13 and the second one (E2) 7 treatments, consisting of the application of 2,4-D, diclofop, iodosulfuron, clodinafop, saflufenacil, pyroxsulam, atrazine, mesotrione and triclopyr, alone or in mixtures. Wheat injury symptoms, plant height, number of spikelets per plant, number of grains per spikelet, 1,000-grain weight and yield were assessed. The application of diclofop and iodosulfuron was selective to the wheat, maintaining yield even under the water stress conditions observed in E1. Under the same conditions, applying 2,4-D, clodinafop, saflufenacil, pyroxsulam, atrazine/mesotrione, triclopyr or saflufenacil + atrazine/mesotrione reduced the wheat yield, with different injury levels. Under greater water availability (E2), 2,4-D, clodinafop, saflufenacil, pyroxsulam and triclopyr were selective to the wheat, with no negative effect on yield. The application of atrazine/mesotrione showed a high injury potential for the crop and reduced the wheat yield.

Patterns in perceived crash risk among male and female drivers with and without substantial cycling experience

Perceived risk of crashes is generally higher in female than in male cyclists. No study has assessed whether these gender differences only apply to riding bicycles. Using an online risk assessment task and survey, this study (a) tested the hypothesis that compared to men, women perceive higher risks, irrespective of traffic mode and (b) explored gender differences in the predictors of perceived risk. Data were analysed from 595 driver licence holders in Australia: 444 who cycled regularly, termed ‘cyclists’ from here on (31% women) and 151 regular drivers who did not (63% women), who are referred to as ‘drivers’. Cyclists in their role as cyclists and drivers in their role as drivers (traffic role) were instructed to imagine being in a specified traffic scenario and to assess crash likelihood. Each of 6 traffic scenarios was presented twice but differing in configuration: a violating car and a violating bicycle. A mixed ANOVA, with rated probability of a crash as the dependent variable, gender and traffic role as grouping factors, and configuration as the repeated measure, resulted in a main effect of configuration, showing that both drivers and cyclists perceived higher levels of risk of violating cars than of violating bicycles (ηp2 = 0.34). The interaction of traffic role and configuration showed this difference to be smaller for drivers than for cyclists (ηp2 = 0.18). This suggests that drivers are aware of the car’s high injury potential in crashes with cyclists. The main effect of gender showed that irrespective of traffic role, women perceived higher risk than men, which supported the hypothesis that gender differences are not limited to cycling (ηp2 = 0.03). The main effect of traffic role was not significant.For the predictors of perceived risk, ANOVA showed main effects for traffic role and gender, with small effect sizes (from ηp2 = 0.02 to ηp2 = 0.03). Cyclists were more confident, less inattentive and more in favour of stricter laws. Women felt less skilled and were more concerned about risks. None of the interactions between gender and traffic role were significant, which lent further support to the hypothesis that gender differences were a general rather than a cycling specific characteristic. Thus, perceived risk does not differ between women who regularly cycle and those who do not. These findings may inform interventions about the role of perceived risk in the uptake of cycling.

Understanding Injuries in the Gaelic Sport of Camogie: The First National Survey of Self-Reported Worst Injuries

Camogie is one of Ireland’s most popular sports, and the full contact nature presents a high potential for injury. This study aims to present the first overview of elite and nonelite camogie injuries by examining adult players’ self-reported worst injuries from one season. At least one injury was sustained by 88.2% of camogie players during the previous season and 60.0% sustained 2+ injuries. Knee and ankle ligaments, hamstring strains and hand/fingers/thumb fractures were key injuries identified, which can lead to substantive health and economic impacts. Further research to establish the mechanism of these injuries is required in order to start shaping potential measures for their prevention.

Crane Cabins Development - Are there Innovations Needed?

The use of load lifting/handling equipment makes workplaces dangerous given the high potential for injury, loss of life and material damage. Cranes are extremely important component in many different industrial operations today. Previous researches have highlighted the need of such equipment to be safely operated and easily maintained, while associated human errors should be considerably reduced. Hence, human centered issues have to be analyzed first and according to those conclusions certain innovations are necessary. This survey offers new crane cabin design based on univariate and multivariate approaches applied on operators’ anthropometric data in aim to enable their ergonomic convenience. Later, design issues are solved, through static and dynamic calculations using finite method elements in that context. Finally, crane cabin design in the light of Industry 4.0 concept is further analyzed together with inventions that are helpful there. Accordingly, we can conclude that in crane cabins development process proposed innovations are needed and very beneficial.

On-field identification and management of concussion in amateur rugby union

Background: Rugby is a popular team sport and due to its contactnature carries a relatively high potential for injury, includingconcussion. Moreover, it is estimated that as much as 50% ofconcussions are not reported due to a variety of reasons, includingnot considering the injury to be sufficiently serious or not wantingto miss game time.Objectives: The aim of this brief review was to investigate andsummarise current best practice for on-field identification andon-field management of concussion in amateur rugby.Methods: PubMed and ClinicalKey were searched betweenSeptember and December 2014 for articles in the five yearspreceding the search dates. The latest versions of the ConsensusStatement for Concussion in Sports and World Rugby’s concussionguidelines were also consulted.Results: Based on this search strategy, eight systematic reviews,one physician information article and four patient guidelineswere investigated. Four reviews specifically described an “actionplan” for on-field evaluation and management. Education of keystakeholders could reduce the number of unreported concussions.Once identified or suspected, concussions should be managedaccording to best practice procedures, which include removingthe player from play immediately and consulting a medical doctor.If a medical doctor is not immediately available on the field toolssuch as the BokSmart on-field pocket “Concussion Guide”, andWorld Rugby’s “Pocket Concussion Recognition Tool”, are freelyavailable online.Conclusion: Stakeholder education (including players, parents,teachers, coaches, referees, spouses) on both the on-fieldidentification and management of concussions could reduceunder-reporting and improve the overall management ofconcussed rugby players.Keywords: injury prevention, injury management, head injury,football

Accurate application of a precontoured-locking plate for proximal humeral fractures in Asians: a cadaveric study.

The purpose of this study was to identify the optimal position for a precontoured-locking plating (PHILOS(®)) of the proximal humerus in Asians in terms of conformity and to determine the prevalence of screw exits in the position of the highest conformity. Twenty adult humeri and 14 cadaveric shoulders were included in this study. After placing the precontoured plate in the well-fitted position on the humerus, we measured the distance between the upper margin of the plate and the tip of greater tuberosity (GT) (distance A) and the distance between the anterior margin of the plate and lateral border of the bicipital groove (BG) (distance B). The prevalence of K-wire exits was assessed. In the 14 cadaver shoulders, the mutual relation between the most inferior locking sleeve of the optimally positioned plate and the axillary nerve was evaluated to assess the potential for axillary nerve injury. The precontoured plate was well-fitted and remained in a relatively constant position in all specimens. Distance A was an average of 3.6mm (range 1.4-5.5mm), and distance B was an average of 2.5mm (range 0-4.6mm). The K wire closest to the BG pierced it in four cases (20%), and most inferior K wires exited at an average distance of 3.8mm (range 1.6-9.0mm) from the inferior articular margin of the humeral head. Regarding involvement of the BG, articular width was the only significant variable in the logistic regression model, with an odds' ratio of 0.610. The axillary nerve was located at an average vertical distance of 59.7mm (range 51.8-66.9mm) from the tip of the GT in a vertically neutral position. The results did not differ between the left and right sides (t=0.326, p=0.755). Although the axillary nerve was slightly inferior to the most inferior locking holes of the proximal humerus, it was located in the path of their locking sleeves on the deltoid muscle. The optimal position for the highest conformity led to ideal fixation of the proximal humerus and inferomedial support screw in Asians. However, the precontoured plate sometimes had screw exits that involved the BG, and articular width had a large impact on involvement of the BG. If locking sleeves for the most inferior holes were introduced on the deltoid muscle in a neutral position, there was high potential for injury to the axillary nerve in Koreans.

Effects of a sport programme (Box'Tag®) on disadvantaged youth participants

There is evidence that appropriately structured sport programmes can help young people to build positive life skills while also improving their physical fitness and psychological well-being. Disadvantaged and marginalised young people have relatively low rates of participation in sport, and designing programmes that attract and retain them presents a major challenge. Some success has been reported for programmes involving boxing, but such programmes entail a high potential for injury. The present study assessed the effects of a modified, low-risk form of boxing, known as Box'Tag®, on disadvantaged 11–12-year-olds. Volunteer Grade 7 students (N = 51) participated in an eight-week programmes of two to three sessions per week. Using a matched-pair design to control for effects of gender and risk of social disengagement (at-risk/not-at-risk), participants were assigned to either the Box'Tag® intervention or a control condition, in the form of a largely non-physical social skills programmes called Rock and Water. To assess aspects of psychological well-being, the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were administered at baseline (T1), at 4 weeks (T2), at 8 weeks (T3), and a follow-up at 12 weeks (T4). Participants completed a shuttle run and other fitness tests at T1 and T3. Qualitative feedback from participants (n = 36) was gathered via open-ended questions at T3. No significant between-group differences were found for BRUMS or SDQ scores, although both the intervention and control groups reported significant reductions in total difficulties scores from T1 to T2 and the not-at-risk members of the Box'Tag® group reported the most positive trends for total mood disturbance from T1 to T2. The Box'Tag® group showed significant improvement in shuttle run performance from T1 to T3, whereas the control group showed no improvement. Programme perceptions were more positive for Box'Tag® participants than for the control group, and behavioural benefits were found for both programmes. Overall, the Box'Tag® programme appealed to children of both sexes, engaged children at risk of social disengagement, had positive effects on aerobic fitness, and yielded behavioural benefits for some participants.

Pediatric Button Battery and Small Magnet Coingestion

Ingestion of button batteries and ingestion of 2 or more small magnets have both been increasingly recognized as having high potential for injury. Coingestion of a button battery and a small magnet has only rarely been described but has the potential for both ischemic injury due to the tight magnetic adherence and the electric current injury from the button battery. We report 2 cases of button battery and small magnet coingestion; one required surgical repair of an important bowel injury, while the other had a benign course. We discuss the management and role of radiography in these cases and the potential factors to consider when predicting which patients will have serious injury and which will do well.

Review of medical provision in English ice hockey

Ice hockey is the world's fastest sport played on two feet, with players reaching in excess of 35 mph forwards, and 15 mph travelling backwards. The high intensity intermittent skating, combined with rapid changes in velocity and frequent body contact, indicate a high injury potential. English Ice Hockey Association (EIHA) and Ice Hockey UK organise and regulate the sport, including the implementation of medical procedures. The aim of this study was to investigate the current level of provision of first aid in English Ice Hockey from grass roots to semiprofessional level. A total of 18 medical staff completed a questionnaire regarding their role as first aiders in an EIHA registered team. A second questionnaire was issued to 116 players and parents competing in an EIHA recognised league regarding their perception of medical provision in the sport. Results show that 88% of medical staff and 55% of players/parents believed the current medical provision to be insufficient. Of the 18 medical staff, half were graduate sports therapists, two were physiotherapists and nine had attended the EIHA Ice Hockey First Aid course. None of the medical staff had a written job description and only 78% had attended relevant continuing professional development in the last 12 months. 94% of home fixtures were attended by medical staff, compared to 77% of away fixtures. Regarding medical staff appointments, “personal contact” was the most popular method of appointment with interviews or adverts for job vacancies the least popular. In conclusion, evidence suggests the affiliated medical person are sufficiently qualified to provide first aid for ice hockey, but the regularity and methods by which the medical staff are appointed needs to be reviewed. The EIHA Ice Hockey First Aid course has influenced the number of first aiders working in the sport with 50% of staff questioned possessing the qualification.

Wakeboarding-related water impact trauma as a cause of fatal cardiac rupture

Wakeboarding is a very popular water sport, with high potential for injury. 1,2 We report the case of a young male patient who had a severe cardiac contusion with tamponade from hemopericardium after a fall during wakeboarding. The subsequent progression to myocardial necrosis resulted in fatal left ventricular free wall rupture. We believe this to be the first reported case of wakeboarding-related severe, fatal cardiac injury in the literature.

Characteristics of Water Skiing-Related and Wakeboarding-Related Injuries Treated in Emergency Departments in the United States, 2001-2003

Background Water skiing and wakeboarding are popular sports with high potential for injury due to rapid boat acceleration, lack of protective gear, and waterway obstacles. However, trends in water skiing- and wakeboarding-related injuries in the United States have not been described using national data. Hypothesis The number of injuries, injury diagnoses, and body regions injured vary by sport. Study Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods Data regarding water skiing- and wakeboarding-related injuries presenting to 98 hospital emergency departments in the United States between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2003, were extracted from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System. Data included demographics, injury diagnosis, and body region injured. Results Data were collected for 517 individuals with water skiing-related injuries and 95 individuals with wakeboarding-related injuries. These injuries represent an estimated 23 460 water skiing- and 4810 wakeboarding-related injuries treated in US emergency departments in 2001 to 2003. Head injuries represented the largest percentage of injuries for wakeboarders (28.8% of all injuries) and the smallest percentage for water skiers (4.3%) (P <. 01; relative risk [95% confidence interval], 6.73 [3.89-11.66]). Analysis of injury diagnosis was consistent as wakeboarders had significantly more traumatic brain injuries (12.5% of all injuries) than did water skiers (2.4%) (P <. 05; relative risk [95% confidence interval], 5.27 [2.21-12.60]). Strains or sprains were the leading injury diagnoses for water skiing (36.3% of all injuries), and the majority (55.7%) were to the lower extremity. Lacerations were the most common diagnoses for wakeboarders (31.1% of all injuries), and the majority (59.6%) were to the face. Conclusion The analyses of water skiing- and wakeboarding-related injuries treated in US emergency departments in 2001 to 2003 highlight the differences in injury patterns for these 2 sports. The substantial number of head and facial injuries among wakeboarders underscores the need for research on the potential role of helmets or other protective gear to reduce these common injuries.

RVOT pacing with the selectsecure system

The clinical performance of the new catheter delivered SelectsecureTM screw in pacing lead 3830 of Medtronic was evaluated in RVOT pacing. Methods In 20 patients (5 female, 15 male) with a mean age of 61.1 years (11–93) with class 1 pacing indication (SSS 9, AV-block 11 and AF 1) the Selectsecure lead was placed in the RVOT. (free wall 11, Septum 9). Measurements were taken with the Medtronic Analyzer. Results Lead placement was possible in all patients. Mean procedure time was 69 min (30–106), fluoroscopy time 10 min (3-15). Mean threshold was 1.09 V (0.3–3.5) initial and 0.46 V (0.3–1.2) at the end of procedure, R-wave was 11.6 mV (3.2–30), Impedance 862 (646–1721). Complications intraoperative dislocations 2, repositioning due to high threshold 2 and low sensing 2, ventricular fibrillation 1. 3 patients showed a dramatic decrease of initial high threshold during the first minutes. 2 postoperative threshold increase > 2 V were seen, but no late dislocations. ![Figure][1] Conclusion RVOT pacing with the Selectsecure pacing system is feasible with low complication rate and shows a high injury potential with high initial thresholds, which tend to decrease dramaticly. [1]: pending:yes

Should a statin be routinely prescribed for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus?

<b>Objective:</b> To assess the exposure of players to injury risk during English Premier League soccer matches in relation to selected factors. <b>Methods:</b> Injury risk was assessed by rating the injury potential of playing actions during competition with respect to (<i>a</i>) type of playing action, (<i>b</i>) period of the game, (<i>c</i>) zone of the pitch, and (<i>d</i>) playing either at home or away. In all, 10 games from the English Premier League 1999–2000 were chosen for analysis. A notation system was used whereby 16 soccer specific playing actions were classified into three categories: those inducing actual injury, those with a potential for injury (graded as mild, moderate, or high), and those deemed to have no potential for injury. The pitch was divided into 18 zones, and the position of each event was recorded along with time elapsed in the game, enabling six 15 minute periods to be defined. <b>Results:</b> Close to 18 000 actions were notated. On average (mean (SD)), 1788 (73) events (one every three seconds), 767 (99) events with injury potential (one every six seconds), and 2 (1) injuries (one every 45 minutes) per game were recorded. An overall injury incidence of 53 per 1000 playing hours was calculated. Receiving a tackle, receiving a “charge”, and making a tackle were categorised as having a substantial injury risk, and goal catch, goal punch, kicking the ball, shot on goal, set kick, and heading the ball were all categorised as having a significant injury risk. All other actions were deemed low in risk. The first 15 minutes of each half contained the highest number of actions with mild injury potential, the last 15 minutes having the highest number of actions with moderate injury potential (p&lt;0.01). The first and last 15 minutes of the game had the highest number of actions with high injury potential, although not significant. More actions with mild injury potential occurred in the goal area, and more actions with moderate and high injury potential occurred in the zone adjacent to the goal area (p&lt;0.001). There was no significant difference between home and away with regard to injury potential. <b>Conclusions:</b> Playing actions with high injury risk were linked to contesting possession. Injury risk was highest in the first and last 15 minutes of the game, reflecting the intense engagements in the opening period and the possible effect of fatigue in the closing period. Injury risk was concentrated in the areas of the pitch where possession of the ball is most vigorously contested, which were specific attacking and defending zones close to the goal. Injury potential was no greater in away matches than at home.

Injury risk associated with playing actions during competitive soccer

Objective: To assess the exposure of players to injury risk during English Premier League soccer matches in relation to selected factors.Methods: Injury risk was assessed by rating the injury potential...

THE QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF EXERCISE FOR HEALTHY ADULTS

THE QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF EXERCISE FOR HEALTHY ADULTS

Modelling of occupant biomechanics with emphasis on the analysis of lower extremity injuries

This paper addresses the use of finite element method to the simulation of humans in an impact environment. An extensive literature survey reveals several rigid body dynamics models of the human and sub-components, however, relatively little work has been performed using finite elements. Difficulties remain in characterising the material properties of the associated biological materials because of non-linear, inhomogeneous, anisotropic, and rate dependent behaviour. Physical testing using cadavers remains the primary means for determining human impact response and for validating the models created. A method for creating human finite element models is presented which requires the model to be developed in a ground-up approach and in a componentwise manner. Each component has five levels of detail with level one being a collection of rigid segments connected by simple joints and level five consisting of a highly detailed model with proper material properties and injury mechanisms included. This method has been employed to create a level two human lower extremity model. The model consists of accurate geometric segments of the individual bones in the leg. Each segment is connected using joint definitions in LS-DYNA3D that contain the non-linear stiffness characteristics of the hip, knee, and ankle. The model was used to simulate the loading conditions of a 50% overlap frontal collision of two mid-sized cars with a closing speed of 112 km/hr (70 mph). A parametric study to determine the effects of muscle tensioning was performed for twenty-seven different joint loading cases. Results indicated that muscle tensioning greatly affected the kinematics of the leg during high speed impact events. Greater stiffness in the hip and knee directly resulted in a higher potential for injury in the ankle. In addition, higher levels of muscle activation in the ankle reduced injuries from the deceleration pulse of the impact, however, toepan intrusion still presented potential harm to the ankle. Language: en

Incidence of adolescent injuries in junior high school football and its relationship to sexual maturity.

Previous recommendations for adolescents have stated that sexually immature athletes may have a higher potential for injury when competing with their more sexually mature peers. However, studies document a higher injury rate among adolescent athletes with increasing age. This study was designed to see whether a relationship exists between sexual maturity based on Tanner stage and the incidence of adolescent injuries in a collision sport where the injury rates are highest. Three hundred and forty junior high school football athletes, ages 11-15, were observed prospectively for injury over two consecutive football seasons. Tanner staging of all of these athletes was performed at the preparticipation physical exam before the start of each season. Fifty-five injuries were noted for this time period. The overall injury rate was 16%. A direct correlation was observed between higher Tanner stages and increased injury rates. Adolescent athletes who have recently experienced sexual maturation may be at higher risk of injury in contact sports.

Institutional policy: use of restraints in extended care and nursing homes.

1. The percentage of patients restrained on these nursing home and extended care units was 32%, similar to that for other nursing home studies. 2. The archetypical restrained patient was older, new on the unit, had altered thought processes and a high potential for injury, and required extensive nursing care. Typically, the type of restraint a patient wore was a vest posey, on the day shift while in his room. 3. The most frequent rationale given by nurses for applying restraints was to prevent patient falls; however, half the time, this rationale was not charted. 4. Upon examining institutional restraint policy, nurses should be prepared to implement changes in documentation format, provide staff education regarding restraint use and alternatives available, institute a rehabilitative and restorative nursing care and fall prevention program, redesign the physical environment, and designate adequate resources for an effective diversion activity program.

Injury potential in modern ice hockey.

The majority of the damaging forces to the soft tissue, bone, and articular joint structures of modern hockey players during the energetic activities involved in the game are attributable to impact action during high-speed motion. In addition, non-contact musculoligamentous injuries are common because of the complex forces that are involved. The injury potential of this sport is assessed indirectly from the force and motion involved. The experimental method of measuring the kinematic motion and the impact forces inherent to the sport are presented. Although hockey is a fast and furious game with high injury potential, fortunately the number of serious injuries is not as great as one might expect.