High Population Growth Research Articles

Perbandingan CART dan SMOTE CART dalam Mengklasifikasikan Kebutuhan KB Tidak Terpenuhi di Indonesia

Indonesia is ranked fourth in the world as the country with the largest population. The high population growth in Indonesia can cause problems in several fields. The government seeks to suppress the rate of population growth through the Family Planning (KB) program. In Indonesia, the number of unmet needs for family planning is still relatively high and has not yet reached the BKKBN target. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the characteristics of unmet need for family planning among married women or living with partner. This study used the Classification and Regression Trees (CART) method. This study handling unbalanced data by Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE). This study aims to compare the performance of the CART and SMOTE CART classification methods in classifying unmet need for family planning and to identify the characteristics of unmet need for family planning among married women or living with partner in Indonesia. The SMOTE CART model has better performance than the CART model, with the percentages of balanced accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity being respectively 54.83%, 34.96%, and 74.70%. In general, the characteristics of unmet need for family planning among married women or living with partner in Indonesia are having 1-4 living children, not getting information from mass media, not accessing the internet in the last month, having a primary or secondary education level, a husband with no education or with a primary or secondary education level, and aged more than 30 years old. Keywords: CART, SMOTE CART, unmet need for family planning

Heterogeneous Photocatalysis: A Solution for a Greener Earth

Since the beginning of the industrial era, various human activities have steadily increased, leading to rapid technological developments and high population growth [...]

Assessment of the Legal Framework Regulating Waste Management in Bangladesh

In Bangladesh, the difficulties associated with waste management have taken on a major dimension during the past several decades. The high population growth rate and rise in economic activity in Bangladesh's metropolitan regions, along with a lack of waste management training, make attempts to enhance waste management services difficult. In Bangladesh, per capita, trash output in urban residential areas is much greater than in rural residential areas. The nations' capacity to collect, handle, dispose of, or recycle the trash in a cost-effective way is severely constrained. Bangladesh, like the rest of the globe, has seen a considerable increase in environmental threats. Attackers in the atmosphere represent an overwhelming danger to humans and other living things. Wetlands, aquatic bodies, coral reefs, and the seas are all threatened by the dumping of hazardous waste and pollution from land-based sources. There is also rising worry about the negative socioeconomic, public health, and environmental effects of e-waste toxicity. Standard technology, infrastructure, skilled staff, and budgetary constraints are significant problems for private business owners. They now require e-waste management standards and guidelines in order to do business in an environmentally sustainable manner. Whereas many developed and developing nations have established a scientific method for efficient garbage disposal, Bangladesh has yet to formulate a "Comprehensive National Strategy" to effectively manage the problem of trash disposal. Some laws and regulations, such as the Environment Conservation Act of 1995, contain measures for the reduction and control of waste emissions from diverse sources, as well as their disposal. The goal of this study is to look into and evaluate how useful Bangladesh's current laws are for managing waste.

Response to Water Scarcity: Gender Analysis of the Motivation Factors Toward Water Conservation Behavior in the Workplace

Provision and availability of water continue to be a major socio-economic challenge in many countries. The problem is prevalent particularly in arid and semi-arid regions which are affected by droughts and wide climate variability, combined with high population growth and economic development. Shortages and compromised water availability are causes of concern to food security (agricultural sector), performance of businesses, and economic growth among others. The study adopted a quantitative research approach and was underpinned by a positivist research paradigm. Data were collected from 72 managers at North West University—Mahikeng (NWU-Mahikeng), South Africa using an online self-administered survey questionnaire. This study evaluates the factors related to predictors of water-conservation motivation behavior at work. The study used the Chi-square statistics (Phi and Cramer's V-tests) to test the relationship between Manager's gender and motivation predictors of water conservation at work. Findings from the statistical results showed that the Phi and Cramer's V-test gave a P-value < 0.05 (P < 0.05), which shows that within the sample of managers, there is significant relationship between Manager's gender and the motivation to conserve water. These results highlight that gender orientation affects one's response to water scarcity and motivation for conservation. The variations underscored gender as an important component of sustainable development goals which must be included when implementing policies and programs to promote water conservation consciousness and efficient water use at work.

Gamma Rays and Sodium Azide Induced Genetic Variability in High-Yielding and Biofortified Mutant Lines in Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.

With the twin pressures of high population growth and extreme weather events, developing countries are the worst hit in meeting the food demands of their people, with millions unable to access adequate and nutritionally balanced food. Crop production must be increased by 70% to keep up with the food demands of a rapidly growing population, which is expected to rise to 9.6 billion by 2050. Legumes are ideal food crops to increase agricultural productivity and achieve sustainable development goals. Cowpea, a warm-season grain legume, is often categorized as a neglected crop with immense scope for genetic improvement through proper breeding strategies. A multi-year field experiment of induced mutagenesis was conducted to increase seed yield and genetic variability in the agro-economic traits of two cowpea varieties treated with different doses of gamma (γ) rays and sodium azide (SA). The study was also aimed to optimize different doses of γ rays and SA employed individually and in combinations. Quantitative trait analysis revealed a maximum increase in seed yield from M2 to M3 generation. Among the 10 quantitative traits studied, seeds per pod and seed weight positively correlated with a major direct impact on yield. An extensive phenotypic selection cycle from M2-M4 generations resulted in isolating new high-yielding and nutrient-dense mutant lines. Such high-yielding biofortified mutant lines with enhanced genetic variability could serve as a donor of elite genes and represent a valuable genetic resource for improving low-yielding warm-season grain legumes.

NEXUS BETWEEN POPULATION VARIABLES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA: DIRECTION OF CAUSALITY

The study investigated the direction of causality between population variables and economic growth in Nigeria between 1986 and 2020 using VAR Granger Causality/Block Exogeneity Wald Tests. The results of the findings revealed the existence of feedback effects among economic growth, death rate, birth rate and secondary school enrollments. The results further showed that population growth and per capita GDP growth are completely independent and that higher population growth rate did not translate to higher economic growth in Nigeria. The study concluded that an average population growth rate in Nigeria was not seen as being productive as it did not translate to economic growth.

Comprehensive Vulnerability Assessment of Urban Areas Using an Integration of Fuzzy Logic Functions: Case Study of Nasiriyah City in South Iraq

Globally, urbanisation has been the most significant factor causing land use and land cover changes due to accelerated population growth and limited governmental regulation. Urban communities worldwide, particularly in Iraq, are on the frontline for dealing with threats associated with environmental degradation, climate change and social inequality. However, with respect to the effects of urbanization, most previous studies have overlooked ecological problems, and have disregarded strategic environmental assessment, which is an effective tool for ensuring sustainable development. This study aims to provide a comprehensive vulnerability assessment model for urban areas experiencing environmental degradation, rapid urbanisation and high population growth, to help formulate policies for urban communities and to support sustainable livelihoods in Iraq and other developing countries. The proposed model was developed by integrating three functions of fuzzy logic: the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, fuzzy linear membership and fuzzy overlay gamma. Application of the model showed that 11 neighbourhoods in the study area, and more than 175,000 individuals, or 25% of the total population, were located in very high vulnerability regions. The proposed model offers a decision support system for allocating required financial resources and efficiently implementing mitigation processes for the most vulnerable urban areas.

Backwards Stepwise Binary Logistic Regression for Determination Population Growth Rate Factor in Java Island

The high population growth rate can impact various fields due to several factors. Some of the impacts of this high rate are high poverty rates, unemployment, consumption levels, inequality in education figures, gender empowerment index, and increasingly narrow land or area. Therefore, research on the rate of population growth using data on poverty, unemployment, consumption levels, education rates, gender empowerment index, and area makes sense. This data was taken from the official website of the Central Statistics Agency for six provinces on the island of Java, Indonesia. The data used contains missing data so that the missing data is presumed by using the k-nearest neighbour method. The estimated missing data values were modelled using binary logistic regression. Variables that significantly affect the rate of population growth, namely the level of consumption, gender empowerment index, and area, are obtained using the backward stepwise method and are selected based on the smallest Aikakes criterion information value or the one with the most excellent accuracy rate.

ANALISIS PUSH AND PULL FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEPUTUSAN UNTUK BERMIGRASI KE KOTA DENPASAR

The high population growth is indeed one of the priority problems that must be addressed immediately, especially in Indonesia. But on the other hand, if the population growth rate is too low it will also have a negative impact on regional development. This problem also needs attention. In essence, population mobility (migration) is a reflection of differences in growth and inequality of development facilities from one region to another. This study aims to analyze the effect of push factors (land ownership, education level) and pull factors (income, presence of relatives in the destination area) on leght of migration to Denpasar City. This research uses primary date. The date were collected by means of observation, in-depth interviews, and structured interviews. The analysis technique used in this research is moderation regression analysis. The number of samples taken in this study were 99 respondents, using accidental sampling method. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that 1) Push factor (land ownership in the area of ??origin, education level) and pull factor (income, presence of relatives in the destination area) simultaneously affected the length of migration to Denpasar City; 2) Pull factor (income) and Push factor (education level) have a positive effect on the length of migration to Denpasar City; 3) The push factor (land ownership in the area of ??origin) has a negative effect on the length of migration to Denpasar City; 4) Migrants who have relatives in Denpasar City stay longer in Denpasar City compared to migrants who do not have relatives in Denpasar City; 5) The presence of relatives in the destination area moderates the effect of income, education level, land ownership on the length of migration to Denpasar City.

Primary and secondary host selection by Ips typographus depends on Norway spruce crown characteristics and phenolic-based defenses

Climate change is expected to intensify bark beetle population outbreaks in forests globally, affecting biodiversity and trajectories of change. Aspects of individual tree resistance remain poorly quantified, particularly with regard to the role of phenolic compounds, hindering robust predictions of forest response to future conditions. In 2003, we conducted a mechanical wounding experiment in a Norway spruce forest that coincided with an outbreak of the bark beetle, Ips typographus. We collected phloem samples from 97 trees and monitored tree survival for 5 months. Using high-performance liquid chromatography, we quantified induced changes in the concentrations of phenolics. Classification and regression tools were used to evaluate relationships between phenolic production and bark beetle resistance, in the context of other survival factors. The proximity of beetle source populations was a principal determinant of survival. Proxy measures of tree vigor, such as crown defoliation, mediated tree resistance. Controlling for these factors, synthesis of catechin was found to exponentially increase tree survival probability. However, even resistant trees were susceptible in late season due to high insect population growth. Our results show that incorporating trait-mediated effects improves predictions of survival. Using an integrated analytical approach, we demonstrate that phenolics play a direct role in tree defense to herbivory.

Smart Planning of Waste Management System in Saudi Arabia; Challenges and Opportunities

Solid waste management is one of the most critical problems facing urban areas worldwide. It is quickly becoming a significant issue in emerging countries with high population growth. Waste collection is a time-consuming procedure requiring enormous sums of money and meticulous logistics management. The amount of household waste produced in Riyadh has fluctuated over the years, with the majority being dumped in landfills instead of using them. This inefficient method of waste disposal has several adverse financial and environmental consequences, as landfills take up a large area of the city and emit foul odors and infections. An innovative waste management system should be adopted to address these difficulties, beginning with waste reduction and trash disposal in modern engineered landfills. Waste management solutions include reducing, reusing, recycling, energy recovery, and disposal. This research will focus on recycling, recovery, and disposal since social awareness campaigns could implement the first two strategies to reduce and reuse waste. The analysis also gives a sufficient cost analysis for the proposed methodology. This study opens new avenues for incorporating the value recovery aspect into garbage collection planning and the use of new data capture technologies that allow municipalities to track the mix of recyclables contained in various trash systems.

Desain Lanskap Kawasan Stadion Wibawa Mukti berbasis Persepsi Pengguna Stadion

Landscape design of Wibawa Mukti Stadium based on user's perception. High population growth and the development of industrial areas in the Bekasi Regency pose threats to green open space in urban areas. One of the public green open spaces in the Bekasi Regency is the Wibawa Mukti Stadium. Wibawa Mukti Stadium is a sports stadium area that has a function of public green open space. The stadium does not yet have a functional integration between the landscape and buildings in the stadium area. This study aims to produce design works that provide integrated and functional design proposals for the Wibawa Mukti Stadium. The proposed design of this research requires site user perception data that affect the site's sustainability. The research method is qualitative and quantitative methods with data in public perception data related to the ideal sports stadium. Data were taken in social data using interview and questionnaire methods and biophysical data using survey methods. This study's results are in the form of a landscape design of the Wibawa Mukti Stadium area that meets the community's preferences and enhances people's perception of the Wibawa Mukti Stadium. The Wibawa Mukti Stadium landscape can optimally become a green open space for the community by applying the needs of space, facilities, and utilities to the site on the design concept (the concept of space, facilities, and connectedness) according to the needs of the community.

ANALISIS PUSH AND PULL FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEPUTUSAN UNTUK BERMIGRASI KE KOTA DENPASAR

The high population growth is indeed one of the priority problems that must be addressed immediately, especially in Indonesia. But on the other hand, if the population growth rate is too low it will also have a negative impact on regional development. This problem also needs attention. In essence, population mobility (migration) is a reflection of differences in growth and inequality of development facilities from one region to another. This study aims to analyze the effect of push factors (land ownership, education level) and pull factors (income, presence of relatives in the destination area) on leght of migration to Denpasar City. This research uses primary date. The date were collected by means of observation, in-depth interviews, and structured interviews. The analysis technique used in this research is moderation regression analysis. The number of samples taken in this study were 99 respondents, using accidental sampling method. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that 1) Push factor (land ownership in the area of ??origin, education level) and pull factor (income, presence of relatives in the destination area) simultaneously affected the length of migration to Denpasar City; 2) Pull factor (income) and Push factor (education level) have a positive effect on the length of migration to Denpasar City; 3) The push factor (land ownership in the area of ??origin) has a negative effect on the length of migration to Denpasar City; 4) Migrants who have relatives in Denpasar City stay longer in Denpasar City compared to migrants who do not have relatives in Denpasar City; 5) The presence of relatives in the destination area moderates the effect of income, education level, land ownership on the length of migration to Denpasar City.

GAMBARAN PENGGUNAAN METODE KONTRASEPSI JANGKA PANJANG (MKJP) DI DESA LABOY JAYA WILAYAH KERJA UPT PUSKESMAS LABOY JAYA

Indonesia is a country with a relatively high population growth rate of 268,074,565 people. One of the efforts to suppress the rate of population growth is the Family Planning (KB) program. One method of contraception that is very appropriate to use in people who are classified as poor or poor is the Long-Term Contraceptive Method (MKJP).The Laboy Jaya sub-district is a sub-district in Kampar Regency, where the achievement rate for active family planning is still low, namely 62.3% of the total PUS. For the achievement of the use of contraceptives IUD 1.2%, AKBK 8.6%, MOW 0% and MOP 0%.The purpose of this study was to describe the use of MKJP in the working area of ​​the UPT Puskesmas Laboy Jaya. This research is quantitative descriptive with a descriptive cross-sectional study design. The population in this study were all family planning acceptors from January to November 2021 as many as 148 people with a total sample of 108 people. The sampling technique used is simple random sampling. The results obtained are that respondents who use MKJP are in the no-risk age category 21 people (33.3%), higher education 22 people (44.9%), working 25 people (42.4%) and multipara 28 people ( 34.1%). Meanwhile, respondents who used MKJP were in the category of being given family planning counseling, namely 25 people (53.2%). It is expected that respondents pneed moremore active in seeking information by participating in counseling conducted by the puskesmas regarding various contraceptives, side effects and how to use MKJP

The Demographic Consequences of Adaptation: Evidence from Experimental Evolution.

AbstractThe process of adaptation toward novel environments is directly connected to the acquisition of higher fitness relative to others. Such increased fitness is obtained by changes in life history traits that may directly impact population dynamics. From a functional perspective, increased fitness can be achieved through higher resource use or more efficient resource use, each potentially having its own impact on population dynamics. In the first case, adaptation is expected to directly translate into higher population growth. In the second case, adaptation requires less energy and hence may lead to higher carrying capacity. Adaptation may thus lead to changes in ecological dynamics and vice versa. Here, by using a combination of evolutionary experiments with spider mites and a population dynamic model, we investigate how an increase in fecundity (a validated proxy for adaptation) affects a population's ecological dynamics. Our results show that adaptation can positively affect population growth rate and either positively or negatively affect carrying capacity, depending on the ecological condition leading to variation in adaptation. These findings show the importance of evolution for population dynamics in changing environments, which may ultimately affect the stability and resilience of populations.

Community-level awareness and attitudes towards human-monkey conflict in Polonnaruwa district, Sri Lanka.

As the demand for resources has increased with the high population growth rate, people have been tempted to encroach on wildlife areas for activities such as logging, animal husbandry, agriculture, and developmental projects. This has led to the spread of human-inhabited areas into wildlife habitats and resulting conflict between humans and wildlife. Human-monkey conflict (HMC) is a developing issue in Sri Lanka, negatively impacting both nonhuman primate conservation and human welfare. To address and mitigate HMC, it is essential to assess community-level awareness about nonhuman primates in order to mitigate such conflict. The aim of this study was to evaluate awareness and public perception towards diurnal monkeys in Polonnaruwa district in North Central Sri Lanka. A structured questionnaire survey (N = 200) was carried out from December 2018 to November 2019. Respondents' knowledge about monkeys was found to depend on gender and occupation. Respondents' attitudes towards monkeys were dependent on gender, ethnic group, religion, state of education, and monthly household income. Those who had experienced many disturbances from monkeys held more negative attitudes towards monkeys than others. A nonlethal multidisciplinary approach is critical to reducing the increasing HMC in Polonnaruwa district. Similar approaches can be operated in other areas where human-wildlife conflict is causing strain on wildlife conservation and human welfare.

Rapid adaptation of Brachionus dorcas (Rotifera) to tetracycline antibiotic stress.

Although natural populations can rapidly adapt to selection pressures, the fitness consequences of selection are controversial. In this study, a selection experiment was conducted with replicate populations of Brachionus dorcas that were exposed to two sublethal concentrations (26.8 and 78.3mg/L) of oxytetracycline (OTC), followed by two common garden experiments (population growth and life table experiments). During the 102-day (approximately 36 asexual generations) selection experiment, a markedly increased growth rate but a significantly decreased mictic ratio over time in the populations exposed to OTC when compared to the control populations suggested that the former adapted to the selection pressures and that a trade-off exists between asexual and sexual reproduction. The high and stable population growth rates after 90 days of OTC selection illustrate an example of evolutionary rescue. After 102 days of selection, OTC-selected populations showed higher population growth rates than the control populations when exposed to OTC, indicating significantly increased tolerance. OTC-selected populations showed a lower average growth rate, longer average generation time and life expectancy at hatching, and higher average net reproduction rate and proportion of mictic offspring than the control populations in the absence of OTC, which indicate that OTC selection results in two fitness costs and three fitness gains and that the effect of OTC selection on fitness differs with the measured fitness variables. Both the evolutionary potential of populations under the stress of higher concentrations of OTC and the fitness costs and gains of selection in the absence of OTC indicate that past exposures to pollutants cannot be neglected when evaluating the effects of current stressors on natural populations.

Husband\u2019s influence in the use of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) method in Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia

BackgroundThe long-acting reversible contraceptive method is one way to overcome the high population growth rate. The long-term contraception method is more efficient to regulate pregnancy because it can be used for a long period of time and is safer and more effective and the failure rate is relatively low at 0.2 per 100 users. The strong patriarchal culture in the Special Region of Yogyakarta is one of the factors that determine the wife's decision to use the long-term contraception method. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of knowledge, attitudes, and support from husbands in the use of the LARC method in the Special Region of Yogyakarta.MethodThis study used secondary data from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) taking the Special Region of Yogyakarta province as a level of analysis or as a place of research. The population was all fertile couples aged 15–49 years as many as 123 couples. The sample was as many as 71 respondents who had made the inclusion criteria refer to criteria used in the 2017 IDHS, namely fertile age couple who used LARC and non-LARC contraception. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis.ResultsThe results showed that there is no relationship between husband's knowledge (p value = 0.330), husband's attitude (p value = 1.000), and husband's support (p value = 0.771) on the choice of LARC in the Special Region of Yogyakarta.ConclusionEven though in a patriarchal culture, husbands do not play a major role in contraceptive choices because of the presence of women empowerment and misinformation about the contraceptive method itself, close communication between husband and wife and the socialization of LARC by health workers is expected to increase its use.

Tantangan Pembangunan Kependudukan Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat

The population development of West Nusa Tenggara Province has a high population growth rate, uneven population density, and low Human Development Index (HDI). Although the demographic bonus has been achieved, the windows of opportunity were still difficult to be achieved. The purpose of this study was to design a population development strategy based on the West Nusa Tenggara region. The method used was desk research, with restrospective data from the goverments’ 2020 Population Census and discussions with stakeholders. The results of the study showed that the population growth rate reached 1.63% while the National was 1.25%. The Dependency Ratio was 48.66, the population density of Lombok is 756.86 people/km2 and Sumbawa was 99.77 people/km2. HDI value was 68.25 with rank 29 among 34 provinces. The main challenges in population development in the future are population control, improvement of population’s capacity building, utilization of demographic bonuses, population distribution improvement, improving education, health and mobility of a productive population to increase HDI. The population development strategies is needed to achieve the desired conditions

The Ricker Competition Model of Two Species: Dynamic Modes and Phase Multistability

The model of two species competing for a resource proposed by R. May and A.P. Shapiro has not yet been fully explored. We study its dynamic modes. The model reveals complex dynamics: multistable in-phase and out-of-phase cycles, and their bifurcations occur. The multistable out-of-phase dynamic modes can bifurcate via the Neimark–Sacker scenario. A value variation of interspecific competition coefficients changes the number of in-phase and out-of-phase modes. We have suggested an approach to identify the bifurcation (period-doubling, pitchfork, or saddle-node bifurcations) due to which in-phase and out-of-phase periodic points appear. With strong interspecific competition, the population’s survival depends on its growth rate. However, with a specific initial condition, a species with a lower birth rate can displace its competitor with a higher one. With weak interspecific competition and sufficiently high population growth rates, the species coexist. At the same time, the observed dynamic mode or the oscillation phase can change due to altering of the initial condition values. The influence of external factors can be considered as an initial condition modification, leading to dynamics shift due to the coexistence of several stable attractors.