High Population Density Research Articles

Assessing urbanization dynamics using a pixel-based nighttime light indicator

Nighttime light (NTL) is a reliable indicator for measuring urban development, population density, and economic activities. This study sets out to explain the spatio-temporal pattern of urbanization and population distribution using pixel-based NTL data. Changes in NTL intensity in Puglia (Italy) were evaluated from 2014 to 2023, and how NTL is affected by various spatial metrics was investigated. Summer–winter differences at the pixel level were monitored utilizing the Normalized Nighttime Light Index (NNLI), and the relationship between this indicator and tourism was assessed. A consistent increase in NTL across the region in both summer and winter was measured, with variations among provinces. Urban areas with high population density showed greater NTL values, while inland areas showed low NTL intensity. The study also revealed that proximity to urban areas was the most influential factor in predicting NTL intensity. The analysis revealed that differences between summer and winter correlated with tourist activity, especially in coastal municipalities. Leveraging NTL images can support decision-making across various sectors and aid in developing evidence-based urban strategies tailored to local needs and challenges.

Prehistorical and historical occurrence and range dynamic of the Eurasian Spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia) and the White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) in Europe

AbstractThe Eurasian Spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia) and the White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) are emblematic birds of high conservation interest. This article examines their range history in Europe since the end of the last Glacial by analyzing subfossil bone finds of both species, mostly from archaeological excavations. It is shown that two thousand years ago, White Storks occurred exclusively in the territory of the Roman Empire, i.e. the northern border of their distribution ran along the Rhine and Danube rivers. The north-east part of the continent, with its high population density today, was only colonized in the last few centuries. The Spoonbill’s patchy occurrence in Europe today appears to be a typical distribution pattern for this species. The subfossil findings also do not indicate a large, closed distribution area for any phase of the last 10,000 years. Some of its distribution islands (e.g. those in the Netherlands) have existed for thousands of years.

ANALISIS PERUBAHAN PENUTUPAN ;AHAN DAN FAKTOR PENDORONG PENGGUNAAN LAHAN KAWASAN HUTAN DESA LAIYA, MAROS

Land cover change is strongly influenced by land use. Increasing population growth results in the need for food and other needs. The causes of land use change are influenced by human activities or activities that directly affect land use. Physical, social and economic factors are factors that trigger land use change in Laiya Village, Cenrana District. The purpose of this study was to describe land cover change in Laiya Village, Cenrana Subdistrict for the period 2011, 2015 and 2019 and to determine the driving factors that influence land use change around the forest area of Laiya Village. This research uses GIS analysis to analyze and see land cover changes that occur and qualitative descriptive methods to determine land use changes. The period 2011-2015 mixed dryland agriculture decreased in area by 2,893.19 ha while shrubs increased in area by 2,744.51 ha. The period 2015-2019 mixed dryland agriculture experienced an increase in land area of 3,030.64 ha and shrubs experienced a decrease in land area of 2,744.51 ha. Factors that influence land use change are physical, social and economic factors. Socio-economic factors are the main driving factor of land use change, the need for land for settlements is increasing due to the high population density that occurs around the forest area of Laiya Village, Cenrana District, Maros Regency which causes people to utilize land as an economic source.

Habitat-induced changes in forage quality and implications for fitness in Plateau Pika (Ochotona curzoniae)

Abstract Plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae) play a keystone role in the alpine meadow ecosystem on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP). For decades, QTP grasslands have become degraded to some degree, largely as a result of heavy livestock grazing. Concomitantly, the abundance of plateau pikas has increased dramatically as grassland degradation has altered the vegetation community structure and dominant species, shifting the plant nutrient contents toward higher protein conditions that favor them. Considerable research supports the hypothesis that the quantity and quality of food limit herbivore populations. Here, we examined the relationship between the availability of essential amino acids in the diets of plateau pikas and the degree of meadow degradation associated with livestock grazing intensity through a field survey, as well as the fitness of individuals by laboratory feeding experiments with 2 pelleted chows containing 0.26% and 0.45% methionine. Sulfur-containing methionine and cystine were the most limiting amino acids in the diets of pikas. During the pika breeding season, the concentrations of most essential acids, particularly methionine and cystine, were higher in heavily degraded meadows than in lightly and moderately degraded meadows. Individuals fed 0.45% methionine exhibited enhanced cell-mediated immunity, reduced intensity of coccidian infection, and increased concentrations of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone compared to those fed 0.26% methionine. These results showed that heavily degraded meadows provided relatively high-quality food that improved individual fitness, suggesting that the high-methionine food in the heavily degraded meadows may be a key factor in the generation and maintenance of high-density populations of plateau pikas.

Population Dynamics of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Four Counties of Yunnan, China, by Electronic Monitoring System.

Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a global economic pest that poses a serious threat to the fruit industry. In the southwest of China, Yunnan Province sustains a severe infestation of B. dorsalis. An automated monitoring system designed for B. dorsalis was employed in this study to elucidate the annual population dynamics of B. dorsalis in four counties: Yuanjiang, Huaping, Guangnan, and Ludian in Yunnan. The system utilizes sex parapheromone and image recognition technology. The data uploaded by the device are used to analyze the annual population dynamics of B. dorsalis in different regions. The results showed that the populations of adult B. dorsalis in all four counties peaked twice annually, with Yuanjiang experiencing the earliest peak periods, followed by Huaping, Guangnan, and Ludian. Adult B. dorsalis occurred in Yuanjiang throughout the year, and Yuanjiang had the highest number of B. dorsalis monitored. In Huaping, adult B. dorsalis occurred in March-December and was highly active, with a high population density in 2019. Bactrocera dorsalis did not occur in December in Guangnan but only in May-October in Ludian. Bactrocera dorsalis abundance was correlated with temperature in all four areas. The outcomes of this experiment provide a practical foundation for developing control strategies targeting B. dorsalis in various orchards across each county.

Research on the Influencing Factors of Digital Economy Development in Chinese Cities

In today's context, digital economy has become a key engine of economic growth worldwide, and China, as a developing country with a high population density and a fast pace of technological development, has attracted global attention to the development process of digital economy. In the urban digital economy, the quality of its development is often affected by many factors, such as policy environment, market size, technological innovation and network security, etc. In this paper, we will take this as the background to elaborate, and hope to be able to provide reference for the relevant people.

Negative exokarstic units as a basis for urban management: Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

The morphometric characterization of large-scale depressions, with high-resolution contributions and in urban contexts, has been carried out in the cities of Cozumel and Playa del Carmen. For Tulum, the inputs have been insufficient in identifying depressions at a detailed level. This research aimed to analyze and characterize the negative exokarstic relief of the city of Tulum through morphometric parameters and urban elements that contribute to the knowledge of the human-nature relationship. From the DEM ALOS PALSAR, contour lines, elevation models, slopes, and shadows were extracted, which allowed the identification of depressions, topographic profiles, and the calculation of morphometric indices; subsequently, the distribution of depressions was analyzed concerning urban elements. The identified depressions were classified into uvalas, sinkholes, and poljes. The analysis of the topographic profiles allowed us to recognize units in the shape of "V" (64%), "U" (19%), and "Hoya" (17%). The highest concentration of type V depressions is observed in the city's central area, characterized by a medium and high population density, as well as the centralization of commercial and public establishments. The detailed characterization of depressions is a planning and management tool for the territory.

Quantifying the main and interactive effects of the dominant factors on the diurnal cycles of land surface temperature in typical urban functional zones

The urban heat island (UHI) effect exists both during daytime and nighttime and varies with urban characteristics, such as 2D/3D urban morphology and socio-economics. However, there is a lack of quantitative understanding of the roles of these characteristics in influencing land surface temperature (LST) variations in different urban functional zones (UFZs) throughout the diurnal cycle. In this study, we examined the responses of diurnal LSTs in different UFZs to 2D/3D urban morphology and socio-economic variables. Results showed the following: (1) During daytime, the main drivers of LST varied with not only the UFZs but also the observation times; during nighttime, the LST variations across different UFZs were largely controlled by 3D urban morphology and socio-economic factors. (2) At 10:37, LST declined most rapidly when the percentage of tree cover (PER_Tree) exceeded a certain threshold. The threshold values of PER_Tree were 85%, 70%, 50%, and 60% for the residential, industrial, commercial, and public service zones, respectively. Irrespective of the UFZs, a nighttime cooling effect occurred only when sky view factor (SVF) exceeded 0.8. (3) For locations with high population density (Pop_Den) in the residential zone, whether urban trees induced a cooling effect depended on both the observation time and PER_Tree during daytime; however, a higher SVF tended to result in an increased LST during nighttime. In the public service zone, when Pop_Den exceeded 50, urban trees with high height contributed to nighttime LST cooling, whereas a warming effect occurred with trees with low height. The direct implications of this study suggest that 3D urban morphology and socio-economics are more efficient mitigation strategies for all UFZs at night, and the interactive effects between the dominant drivers of diurnal LSTs should be considered to cool the city most effectively.

A Study on the Non-Contact Artificial Intelligence Elevator System Due to the Effect of COVID-19

Recently, IoT has been combined with artificial intelligence (AI) technology to develop into intelligent IoT (Artificial Intelligence of Things, AIoT) and can provide smart services to all industries. Generally, buildings with 30 or more floors are classified as high-rise apartments. There are high-rise apartments in many countries with small land areas and high population densities around the world, such as Hong Kong, Singapore, and Korea. Korea has many high-rise apartments and buildings with 30 or more floors, and residents there inevitably use elevators to move between floors. Because it is a high-rise apartment, it takes time for EVs to move, and a contactless method is needed when using EVs, especially due to COVID-19. In this study, we proposed a smart elevator system using AI that allows residents of high-rise apartments to conveniently shorten waiting and use times and use elevators without contact during rush hours due to the impact of COVID-19. The proposed system uses AI facial recognition to shorten EV waiting time and moving time and has a contactless floor selection function. As a result of the proposed system, it was confirmed that residents’ EV waiting time and travel time were shortened compared to existing EV systems.

Red deer grazing pressure on agricultural grass meadows from broad to local scale

Grazing by wildlife on agricultural land is widespread across geographical regions, and can cause human–wildlife conflicts due to reduced crop yield when the grazing pressure is high. Growing red deer Cervus elaphus populations in Europe call for an increased understanding of their grazing patterns to mitigate damages. We quantified how red deer grazing pressure (grazing presence and grazing level) on agricultural grass meadows (n = 60) in Norway varied across multiple spatial scales. We used a nested, hierarchical study design transcending from a broad scale (meadows across the landscape) to intermediate (between nearby meadows) and local (within‐meadow) scales, allowing us to identify at which scale the variation in grazing pressure was strongest. We estimated how grazing was determined by broad‐scale factors influencing forage availability and quality through population density, distance to coastline, and differences between the first versus second harvest, by intermediate‐scale factors in terms of meadow management causing differences in botanical composition and quality, and by local‐scale factors in terms of perceived predation risk and disturbance. At a broad scale, higher population densities were associated with higher grazing pressure, and more grazing occurred before the first compared to the second harvest. Intermediate‐scale factors explained the most variation of grazing pressure from red deer, with higher grazing pressure on newly renewed meadows compared to other nearby meadows. On a local scale, more grazing occurred closer to the forest edge, providing cover, and further away from infrastructure, with increased risk and disturbance. Overall, our study highlights how drivers of grazing pressure on agricultural land vary across spatial scales. Population reductions on a broader scale may have some effect in reducing the grazing pressure, but renewed meadows will nevertheless attract red deer, causing higher grazing pressure compared to neighbouring meadows. This insight is crucial for determining effective mitigation strategies facing rising red deer populations across Europe.

Identifying the pollution risk pattern from industrial production to rural settlements and its countermeasures in China

Impacted by large-scale and rapid rural industrialization in the past few decades, China's rural settlements are confronted with the risk of heavy metal pollution stemming from industrial production, which might pose a significant threat to the rural habitat and the well-beings. This study devised a relative risk model for industrial heavy metal pollution to the rural settlements based on the source-pathway-receptor risk theory. Using this model, we assessed the risk magnitudes of heavy metal pollution from industrial production at a 10 km × 10 km grid scale and identified the characteristics of the risk pattern in China. Our finding reveals: (1) the relative risk values of wastewater, waste gas and total heavy metal pollution are notably concentrated within a confined spectrum, with only a small number of units are characterized by high-risk level; (2) Approximately 21.57 % of China's rural settlements contend with heavy metal pollution, with 4.17 %, 9.84 % and 7.55 % being subjected to high, medium and low risks, respectively; (3) The high-risk units mainly is concentrated in the developed areas such as Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and the Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan area, also dispersed in the plain areas with high rural population density. Guided by these insights, this study puts forth regionally tailored prevention and control strategies, as well as distinct process prevention and control strategies.

Usability of Community Seismic Network recordings for ground-motion modeling

A source of ground-motion recordings in urban Los Angeles that has seen limited prior application is the Community Seismic Network (CSN), which uses low-cost, micro–electro–mechanical system (MEMS) sensors that are deployed at much higher densities than stations for other networks. We processed CSN data for the 29 earthquakes with M > 4 between July 2012 and January 2023 that produced CSN recordings, including selection of high- and low-pass corner frequencies ( fcHP and fcLP, respectively). Each record was classified as follows: (1) Broadband Record (BBR)—relatively broad usable frequency range from fcHP < 0.5 to fcLP > 10 Hz; (2) Narrowband Record (NBR)—limited usable frequency range relative to those for BBR; and (3) Rejected Record (REJ)—noise-dominated. We compare recordings from proximate (within 3 km) CSN and non-CSN stations (screened to only include cases of similar surface geology and favorable CSN instrument housing). We find similar high- to medium-frequency ground motions (i.e. peak ground acceleration (PGA) and Sa for T < 5 s) from CSN BBR and non-CSN stations, whereas NBRs have lower amplitudes. We examine PGA distributions for BBR and REJ records and find them to be distinguished, on average across the network, at 0.005 g, whereas 0.0015 g was found to be the threshold between usable records (BBR and NBR) and pre-event noise. Recordings with amplitudes near or below these thresholds are generally noise-dominated, reflecting environmental and anthropogenic ground vibrations and instrument noise. We find nominally higher noise levels in areas of high-population density and lower noise levels by a factor of about 1.5 in low-population density areas. By applying the 0.0015 g threshold, limiting distances for the network-average site condition, based on the expected fifth-percentile ground-motion levels, are 89, 210, 280, and 370 km for M 5, 6, 7, and 8 events, respectively.

Climate drives body mass changes in a mountain ungulate: shorter winters lead to heavier Alpine ibex

Climate affects seasonality and plant phenology, which can influence seasonal body mass dynamics of herbivores in temperate environments. We investigated long‐term trends of seasonal body mass changes in male Alpine ibex Capra ibex. We used SEM to test direct and indirect relationships between body mass, mass changes and environmental and climatic variables. Individually recognizable Alpine ibex were weighed repeatedly between 2000 and 2022 in Gran Paradiso National Park (Italy). Autumn mass increased substantially over these two decades, up to 15% in some age classes. Over the same time frame, both summer mass gain and winter mass loss decreased, suggesting that heavier autumn body mass was due to the cumulative effects of reduced mass loss over several winters. The environmental factor with the strongest effects on winter mass changes was the starting date of vegetation green‐up at low altitude, where ibex gather after winter to feed on new growth vegetation. Early springs led to lower winter mass loss, likely because ibex relied on stored fat for a shorter period and had greater access to forage. High population density also increased winter mass loss. Environmental conditions and resource availability, possibly also influenced by density in winter and early spring, seem therefore to directly affect the body mass dynamics of male Alpine ibex, while the effect of summer conditions appears less relevant. By affecting seasonal body mass dynamics, climate change may have consequences for life history and population dynamics of mountain herbivores, for example via earlier access of young males to reproduction.

Cometary ion drift energy and temperature at comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimeko

ABSTRACT The Ion Composition Analyzer (ICA) on the Rosetta spacecraft observed both the solar wind and the cometary ionosphere around comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko for nearly two years. However, observations of low energy cometary ions were affected by a highly negative spacecraft potential, and the ICA ion density estimates were often much lower than plasma densities found by other instruments. Since the low energy cometary ions are often the highest density population in the plasma environment, it is nonetheless desirable to understand their properties. To do so, we select ICA data with densities comparable to those of Rosetta’s Langmuir Probe (LAP)/Mutual Impedance Probe (MIP) throughout the mission. We then correct the cometary ion energy distribution of each energy-angle scan for spacecraft potential and fit a drifting Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution, which gives an estimate of the drift energy and temperature for 3521 scans. The resulting drift energy is generally between 11–18 eV and the temperature between 0.5–1 eV. The drift energy shows good agreement with published ion flow speeds from LAP/MIP during the same time period and is much higher than the cometary neutral speed. We see additional higher energy cometary ions in the spectra closest to perihelion that would be well described by a second Maxwellian-like distribution. The energy and temperature are negatively correlated with heliocentric distance, with a stronger dependence on heliocentric distance for temperature. It cannot be quantitatively determined whether this trend is primarily due to heliocentric distance or spacecraft distance to the comet, which increased with decreasing heliocentric distance.

The Growing Threat of Antimicrobial Resistance in India: Challenges and Solutions

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global issue causing increased illness, death, and medical costs. India, with its high population density and diverse healthcare landscape, is particularly vulnerable. AMR threatens advancements in medicine, increases the risk of certain procedures, and makes infections more difficult to treat. India's fragmented healthcare system and weak regulatory oversight hinder effective monitoring and response. The consequences of AMR in India include treatment failures, prolonged hospital stays, and increased mortality rates. Strategies to combat AMR include strengthening surveillance, promoting rational antibiotic use, improving infection control, encouraging research and development, and participating in international collaboration.

Long-term Effects of Air Pollution on Respiratory Health in Urban Populations

This research paper explores the long-term effects of air pollution on respiratory health within urban populations. Urban areas, characterized by high population density and significant industrial and vehicular activities, are particularly susceptible to elevated levels of pollutants such as particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide (CO). The study employs a longitudinal cohort design to assess the impact of prolonged exposure to these pollutants on respiratory conditions including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer. Utilizing a multi-disciplinary approach that integrates environmental monitoring, health records, and socio-economic data, the research identifies significant correlations between air pollution and respiratory health outcomes. Key findings include a robust association between elevated levels of particulate matter and declines in lung function, increased incidence of asthma and COPD, and higher rates of hospital admissions for respiratory issues. The study also highlights disparities in health impacts among different demographic and socioeconomic groups, particularly children, the elderly, and low-income communities. Recommendations for policy include stricter air quality regulations, improved urban planning, and targeted public health interventions to protect vulnerable populations. Future research should focus on further elucidating the complex interactions between air pollution and individual susceptibility to respiratory diseases.

An outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant and deaths of three lions in a zoo

There have been reports of the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from humans to various mammalian species. Some infected animals show clinical signs and may even die in rare cases. Outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 have been reported in zoos where susceptible animals are bred in high population densities. However, there have been few reports of omicron variant outbreaks in zoo animals. From late 2022 to 2023, an outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant occurred in one Japanese zoo. A total of 24 lions were housed in the zoo; 13 of them showed respiratory symptoms, and the three oldest lions died. Molecular and histopathological analyses revealed that the deceased lions were infected with SARS-CoV-2 omicron BF.7.15. Virus-neutralization tests showed that all 21 lions were positive for antibodies against the omicron variant, but not against the delta variant. In addition, three tigers and one bear in the same or neighboring building as the lions possessed antibodies against the omicron variant. This is a very rare report on the outbreak of a SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant infection that resulted in the death of animals. This finding demonstrates the importance of continuous countermeasures to protect non-vaccinated animals from SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Investigation on the Epidemic Situation of Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fever in an Island Industrial Park in Zhoushan, China.

Objective: To investigate the epidemic factors of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and compare the S and M gene sequences of hantavirus (HV) between rodents and the infected cases. Methods: Detailed epidemiological investigations were conducted on the cases' working and living areas. Captured rodents were classified by night trapping method, and their lungs and blood were collected for virus carriage detection after aseptic dissection. Viral S and M fragments of HV RNA were amplified and sequenced from positive samples of cases and mice, and their homology was analyzed. Results: After reconstruction, the geographic and living environment changed significantly, altering rodent behaviors. The industrial park, characterized by high population density, poor living conditions, and frequent contact of rodent (feces) and humans, had a high rodent density and HV virus infection ratio. Four workers infected with HV were positive for anti-HV immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM. Among the positive samples, HV RNA was detected in all two cases, and four Rattus norvegicus specimens were Seoul type HV S3 subtype. The virus had the closest relationship with Rod/2012/QHD/4/Gc (Hebei, China) and RuianRn180 (Zhejiang, China), with the 100% homology of M gene segment. The homology of viral S gene segment exhibited the closest relationship with the Jiangxi isolated JiangxiXinjianRn-09-2011, ranging from 99.6% to 99.8%. Conclusion: The HV sequencing showed a strong epidemiological relationship between the cases and host rodents. Improving living environmental health conditions, administering HFRS vaccine, and reducing rodent density and human-rodent contact can mitigate the risk of HFRS.

Neighbourhood Environments and Lifestyle Behaviours in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes

ObjectivesEarly prevention strategies are needed to mitigate the high risk of cardiovascular disease in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Residential neighbourhood features can promote healthy lifestyle behaviours and reduce cardiovascular risk, but less is known about their role in lifestyle behaviours in adolescents with T1D, and no studies used comparisons to healthy controls. MethodsWe examined associations between residential neighbourhood features and lifestyle behaviours in adolescents with T1D and healthy controls. Data were analyzed from the CARdiovascular Disease risk factors in pEdiatric type 1 diAbetes (CARDEA) study, a cross-sectional investigation of 100 adolescents with T1D (14 to 18 years) from a pediatric diabetes clinic in Montréal, Canada, and 97 healthy controls. Outcomes included physical activity and sedentary behaviour (accelerometry), screen time and sleep duration (questionnaires), and dietary habits (24-hour recalls). Cluster analysis of selected neighbourhood indicators computed for participants’ postal codes resulted in 2 neighbourhood types: central urban and peri-urban. Central urban neighbourhoods were characterized by very high population density, high active living index, numerous points of interest, higher social deprivation, higher residential mobility, and lower median household income compared with peri-urban neighbourhoods. Associations of neighbourhood type with lifestyle behaviours were estimated with multiple linear regressions and interactions by T1D status were tested. ResultsLiving in central urban neighbourhoods was associated with greater daily minutes of moderate-to-vigourous physical activity (beta = 8.61, 95% confidence interval 1.79 to 15.44) compared with living in peri-urban neighbourhoods. No associations were observed for other lifestyle behaviours, and no statistically significant interactions were found between neighbourhood type and T1D status. ConclusionFeatures that characterize central urban built environments appear to promote physical activity in adolescents, regardless of T1D status.

Not population density, but city size and per capita income influence the urban forest carbon sequestration: A case of growing cities in Arkansas, USA

While urban trees provides significant ecosystem services, the impact of increasing urbanization and population on their carbon sequestration potential remains relatively underexplored in interior sprawling cities, highlighting a critical research gap amid growing urban environmental challenges. Although existing studies suggest a strongly correlation between urban forest cover and carbon sequestration, this study aims to investigate how the urban demography factors influence land cover and carbon sequestration across cities with low, medium, and high population densities. Using the i-Tree Canopy tool, we sampled 18,814 random points to estimate city land cover and carbon sequestration in Arkansas, interior state of the US. Results from the principal component analysis revealed that 74% of the variation in a city's land cover among population density classes is attributed to tree and soil cover percentages. The mean annual (1.40 ± 0.08 T ha-1) and total carbon sequestration rates (35.30 ± 5.57 T ha-1) were significantly higher in the areas with low population density due to a higher average tree cover percentage (46%). Carbon sequestration rate was negatively associated with land cover types such as impervious surfaces like buildings (r = -0.44), roads (r = -0.28), grass cover (r = -0.46), and impervious other (r = -0.53). The log-linear model with scaled variables suggested that factors such as city's size and tree cover has positive influence urban trees' annual and total carbon sequestration, while spatial distribution and per capita income negatively affect these ecosystem befits in growing cities, regardless of population density. Travel time within city may have negative impact, while decadal population change may positively impact on carbon sequestration alongside management effort. Valuing this potential urban forest carbon sequestration for emerging carbon market could provide monetary benefits to the urban communities, city managers, and policymakers, enabling the development of effective urban forest management strategies in the context of urban climate change.