High Plasticity Research Articles

Plastic deformation mechanisms of FeSiCrNi high silicon steel based on local canning compression

High silicon steel has excellent soft magnetic properties, but a poor plasticity limits its practical application seriously. In this research, a novel FeSiCrNi alloy short for Fe-6.5Si–2Cr–12Ni (wt%) was designed and deformed via the local canning compression process at room temperature. It was shown that the FeSiCrNi alloy presents a relatively high plasticity in a triaxial compressive stress state. Geometrically necessary dislocations ensure the compatibility of plastic deformation for FeSiCrNi alloy. There are a small number of η and γ textures inside the FeSiCrNi sample. The intensity of η texture nearly keeps steady, while the intensity of γ texture increases slightly with the level of plastic deformation increasing. Additionally, the intensity of {112}<111> copper texture increases with the increase of plastic deformation. Lath structures dominate the inhomogeneous plastic deformation of FeSiCrNi alloy and then integrate with the phase α-Fe. The main deformation mechanism of FeSiCrNi alloy is dislocation slip rather than twinning which has not been observed yet. The order degree of FeSiCrNi alloy continuously decreases, and deformation bands, dislocation walls and dislocation cells are successively formed, as the compression proceeds. It is feasible to produce FeSiCrNi components in cold forming process.

Numerical Analysis of Crack Propagation in an Aluminum Alloy under Random Load Spectra

This study develops a rapid algorithm coupled with the finite element method to predict the fatigue crack propagation process and select the enhancement factor for the equivalent random load spectrum of accelerated fatigue tests. The proposed algorithm is validated by several fatigue tests of an aluminum alloy under the accelerated random load spectra. In the validation process, two kinds of panels with different geometries and sizes are used to calculate the stress intensity factor, critical crack length, and crack propagation life. The simulated and experimental findings indicate that when the aluminum alloy is in a low plasticity state, the crack propagation life exhibits a linear relationship with the acceleration factor. When the aluminum alloy is in a high plasticity state, this study proposes an empirical formula to calculate the equivalent stress intensity factor and crack propagation life. The normalized empirical formula is independent of the geometry and size of different samples, although the fracture processes are different in the two kinds of panels used in our study. Overall, the numerical method proposed in this paper can be applied to predict the fatigue crack propagation life for the random spectrum of large samples based on the results of the simulated accelerated crack propagation process and the accelerated fatigue tests of small samples to reduce the cost and time of the testing.

Generation of Artificial Blastoids Combining miR-200-Mediated Reprogramming and Mechanical Cues.

In vitro-generated blastocyst-like structures are of great importance since they recapitulate specific features or processes of early embryogenesis, thus avoiding ethical concerns as well as increasing scalability and accessibility compared to the use of natural embryos. Here, we combine cell reprogramming and mechanical stimuli to create 3D spherical aggregates that are phenotypically similar to those of natural embryos. Specifically, dermal fibroblasts are reprogrammed, exploiting the miR-200 family property to induce a high plasticity state in somatic cells. Subsequently, miR-200-reprogrammed cells are either driven towards the trophectoderm (TR) lineage using an ad hoc induction protocol or encapsulated into polytetrafluoroethylene micro-bioreactors to maintain and promote pluripotency, generating inner cell mass (ICM)-like spheroids. The obtained TR-like cells and ICM-like spheroids are then co-cultured in the same micro-bioreactor and, subsequently, transferred to microwells to encourage blastoid formation. Notably, the above protocol was applied to fibroblasts obtained from young as well as aged donors, with results that highlighted miR-200's ability to successfully reprogram young and aged cells with comparable blastoid rates, regardless of the donor's cell age. Overall, the approach here described represents a novel strategy for the creation of artificial blastoids to be used in the field of assisted reproduction technologies for the study of peri- and early post-implantation mechanisms.

Quicklime-stabilized Tuff and Clayey Soils for Highway A3 Construction in Northern Tunisia

This study presents a comprehensive examination of the effects of quicklime (QL) addition on the stabilization of two distinct clayey soils with high (CH) and low plasticity (CL-tuff). The results showed that incorporating QL into the soils substantially improves their stabilization characteristics. Specifically, the addition of QL results in a notable decrease in the final water content of both soils, as shown by a reduction from 23.04 to 19.06% in CH and from 18.07 to 17.1% in CL-tuff at 4% QL addition. Furthermore, this study reveals a transformation in the plasticity properties of soils. Liquid Limit (LL) and Plasticity Index (PI) were reduced, with CH-tuff exhibiting a significant decrease in PI from 48 to 12 and an increase in Plastic Limit (PL) from 21.8 to 55 at 4% QL. CL-tuff also showed reduced plasticity, with PI decreasing to 8.33 at 4% QL. Additionally, the Immediate Bearing Index (IBI) was improved for both soil samples, indicating improved load-bearing capacities. For CH samples, IBI improved from 6.37 to 11.99 at 4% QL addition, while for CL-tuff, it increased dramatically from 4.5 to 23.6 for the same QL percentage. The findings underscore the effectiveness of QL in improving soil properties crucial for chemical stabilization, providing evidence that QL addition can be a key technique in soil stabilization, especially for soils with high plasticity or those requiring increased bearing strength.

A Study of the Effect of Addition of Nano SiO2 and Polyamide Fiber toward Swelling Potential Expansive Clay

Expansive clay with great swelling potential requires improvement or stabilization of the soil. It can be successfully done by mechanical and chemical stabilization techniques. This study aims to determine the effect of adding Polyamide (PA) fibre as the material for mechanical stabilization and nano SiO2 as the material for chemical stabilization. The expansive clay used in this study deployed a sample of clay containing mineral montmorillonite with the USCS classification in the high plasticity (CH) category. The mixed materials used include PA fibre with variations of 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% by weight of dry soil and nano SiO2 with variations of 1%, 2% and 3% by dry soil weight. To prove the effectiveness of using nano SiO2, this study compares the treatment with the use of micro SiO2 materials under the same comparison variations. This result indicates that the expansive clay that has been stabilized using PA fibre and nano SiO2 is capable of preventing the swelling potential.

Electromechanical properties of uniaxial polar ionic plastic crystal [(C2H5)4N][FeBrCl3

Abstract Ferroelectric plastic crystals are an emerging class of materials that combine room temperature ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity with a high temperature plastic mesophase prior to melting. These materials offer possibilities for accessing different property parameter spaces from the state-of-the-art metal oxide and polymer ferroelectrics. Tetraethylammonium bromotrichloroferrite, [(C2H5)4N][FeBrCl3], has a unipolar wurtzite-like structure and thus may have potential for small but stable piezoelectric coefficients like the iso-symmetrical AlN. In this study, density functional theory was used to compute elastic compliance, piezoelectric coefficients, and dielectric constant values. Single crystals grown from aqueous solutions were evaluated via single crystal synchrotron x-ray diffraction, impedance spectroscopy and high and weak-field electromechanical characterization. Diffraction studies revealed that the anion tetrahedra orientated preferentially so that the Br− ion had a 30% alignment with the polarization vector. Electromechanical measurements found piezoelectric coefficients in the 5–9 pC N−1 and pm V−1 range. The piezoelectric coefficient (d 33) was most stable with 3.4% variation between 0.4 and 90 Hz and 0.5 and 3 V. Additional piezoelectric stability measurements were made as a function of DC bias field and temperature. Impedance measurements indicate contributions from either intrinsic effects unique to ionic plastic crystals, such as molecular rotation, or the extrinsic effect of electrode interfaces, both of which can play a role in the electromechanical response of the materials. The results show that [(C2H5)4N][FeBrCl3] has potential as a small signal piezoelectric that has a softer elastic moduli than AlN but a stiffer moduli than polyvinylidene fluoride, and thus occupies a unique parameter space.

Effect of Ga on the microstructure and properties of NiCoV alloy at different annealing temperatures

To obtain a high-entropy alloy characterized by high strength and plasticity, (NiCoV)100-xGax (x ​= ​0, 5, 7) was successfully prepared, cold-rolled, and heat-treated. The microstructure was analyzed to correlate Ga content with the performance of the system. The addition of Ga can produce alloying effects, including solid solution strengthening effect, second phase precipitation strengthening effect, and layer misalignment energy reduction effect. The experimental results show adding Ga elements can enrich Ni, Co, V, and Ga above the grain boundaries, causing the alloy to produce annealed twins inside. The alloy is strengthened mainly by precipitation, and the formation of the precipitation phase effectively enhances the strength of the alloy. The low stacking fault energy promotes the toughening of NiCoV but makes the plasticity of the alloy decrease. Still, the formation of annealed twins effectively increases the plasticity, which makes the alloy harder but does not reduce the plasticity too much. By comparing the experimental properties, (NiCoV)93Ga7 showed the best mechanical properties at the annealing temperature of 900 ​°C, yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of 906 ​MPa, 1321 ​MPa and 21.36 ​%, respectively.

Effects of microplastics on the structure and function of bacterial communities in sediments of a freshwater lake

As an emerging pollutant, microplastics (MPs) cause widespread concern around the world owing to the serious threat they pose to ecosystems. In particular, sediments are thought to be the long-term sink for the continual accumulation of MPs in freshwater ecosystems. Polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) have been frequently detected with large concentration variations in freshwater sediments from the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, one of the most economically developed regions in China, characterized by accelerated urbanization and industrialization, high population density and high plastics consumption. However, the impact of PE and PET on the sedimental bacterial community composition and its function has not been well reported for this specific region. Herein, PE and PET particles were added to freshwater sediments to assess the effects of different MP types on the bacterial community and its function, using three concentrations (500, 1500 and 2500 items/kg) per MP and incubations of 35, 105 and 175 days, respectively. This study identified a total of 68 phyla, 211 classes, 518 orders, 853 families and 1745 genera. Specifically, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteriota, Actinobacteriota and Firmicutes were the top five phyla. A higher bacterial diversity was obtained in control sediments than in the MP-treated sediments. The presence of MPs, whether PET or PE, had significant impact on the bacterial diversity, community structure and community composition. PICRUSt2 and FAPOTAX predictions demonstrated that MPs could potentially affect the metabolic pathways and ecologically functional groups of bacteria in the sediment. Besides the MP-related factors, such as the type, concentration and incubation time, the physicochemical parameters had an effect on the structure and function of the bacterial community in the freshwater sediment. Taken together, this study provides useful information for further understanding how MPs affect bacterial communities in the freshwater sediment of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China.

Mineralogical, geochemical and physical properties assessment of clay deposits in Umuoke Obowo Southeastern Nigeria for industrial applications

This study assessed the suitability of clay deposits from Umuoke, Obowo in southeastern Nigeria as local raw materials for industrial applications. Ten samples were collected from different mining pits across the locality. X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction and physical property tests characterized the clays based on geochemical composition, mineralogy and key attributes. The clays showed high silica (56.41%) and alumina (32.82%) contents typical of aluminosilicate clays. Iron oxide levels were moderately elevated (3.34% Fe2O3). Clay minerals kaolinite (18.9-37.0%) and illite (0.5-4.15%) occurred predominantly alongside non-clay minerals like quartz, feldspars and metal oxides. The clays exhibited high plasticity (avg. plasticity index 26.61%) enabling easy moulding and shaping. Porosity averaged 21.33% appropriate for refractories. Firing shrinkage (6.5-19.2%) and density (1.54-1.76 g/cm3) were in acceptable ranges. Strength post-firing reached the 15 N/mm2 minimum standard. Estimated refractoriness was 1680.22°C. Overall, the Umuoke clays demonstrate favourable chemistry, mineralogy and physical properties for refractories and structural ceramics applications pending some processing adjustments. Locally exploiting these deposits can promote import substitution, rural industrialization and sustainable development in Nigeria. Further pilot testing can optimize formulations and processes for targeted ceramic products. Comprehensive nationwide clay deposit prospecting is also recommended. The clays are suitable for refractory bricks, ceramic tableware, architectural ceramics, wall tiles, pottery items.

Investigating the Effect of Carbonyl Iron Powder Doping on the Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Soft Magnetic Composites

This study proposes the thermal decomposition of salt compounds and doping of carbonyl iron powders (CIPs) to optimize the preparation of an insulating layer through the solid-phase interface reaction. First, (Fe–Si–Cr + CIPs)/ZnSO4 composite powders were synthesized using the hydrothermal method and (Fe–Si–Cr + CIPs)/ZnO·SiO2·Cr2O3 SMCs with a ZnO·SiO2·Cr2O3 composite insulation layer were prepared through heat treatment and cold pressing. The effect of the CIP doping content on the microstructure and magnetic properties of the (Fe–Si–Cr + CIPs)/ZnO·SiO2·Cr2O3 SMCs were then investigated. During the heat treatment, ZnSO4 decomposed into solid ZnO and gaseous SO2 and O2. The O2 drives the solid-phase reaction, prompting the migration of nonmagnetic Si and Cr atoms from the interior of the Fe–Si–Cr soft magnetic powder to the surface insulation layer, finally forming the ZnO·SiO2·Cr2O3 insulation layer. The doped CIPs also show good plasticity during the coating process, combining with the coating layer to fill the internal pores of SMCs. Moreover, as the particles are small with a high surface area, they increase the number of reaction sites for ZnSO4 decomposition and facilitate the growth of the composite insulation layer, promoting its uniform distribution on the surfaces of the soft magnetic powders and CIPs. The lattice mismatch between the insulation layer and soft magnetic powder is reduced while the magnetic-phase content is increased, allowing the effective doping of CIPs sin the insulation layer. The magnetic properties of SMCs can be precisely regulated by changing the doping amount of CIPs. Unlike other insulating layer–preparation strategies based on the interfacial solid-phase reaction, the proposed method exploits the high plasticity and specific surface area of CIPs and removes the lattice mismatch between the insulation layer and soft magnetic powder.

Absence of genetic structure among ecologically diverse populations indicate high plasticity in a pantropical seabird

Absence of genetic structure among ecologically diverse populations indicate high plasticity in a pantropical seabird

Application of hydrogel scaffolds as a cell substrate for cartilage tissue regeneration

Cell therapy or tissue engineering is currently one of the potentially effective strategies for repairing cartilage defects. Mesenchymal stromal cells and autologous and allogeneic chondrocytes obtained from cartilage biopsies from patients undergoing arthroscopic surgery are the most commonly used cells for tissue engineering. Matrices (scaffolds) often used during cell implantation can facilitate successful cell implantation. These can be static supporting or plastic hydrogel substances obtained by various methods from natural or synthetic materials, allowing cells to be delivered to the site damaged by injection. Significant advantages of biocompatible hydrogels in cartilage injury therapy are determined based on the properties of the natural extracellular matrix and the high plasticity required for adapting to irregular surfaces of the tissue defect and allowing injectable cell delivery. These characteristics make injectable hydrogels a promising tool for cartilage bioengineering.&#x0D; This study highlights the progress in injectable hydrogels as carriers of different cells in the repair of cartilage tissue defects, as well as the current requirements and unresolved issues related to the use of such therapeutic approaches.

Increasing Strength of Clay Soils with the Use of Basalt Fiber: An Experimental Study

Due to the increase in population, the demand for buildings increases. The engineering properties of the soils on which these structures will be built may not always meet the desired conditions. In such cases, soil improvement methods are used. One of these methods is additive used stabilization, in which additives such as lime, fly ash, volcanic ash and tuff, silica fume, and blast furnace slag are used. This method has been used successfully for years. However, in recent years, interest in the use of different types of fibers has increased. Some of these fibers are glass, basalt, polypropylene, and carbon. Basalt fibers have begun to attract attention in soil reinforcement applications due to the properties of their raw material, basalt rock, which is widely distributed in nature, natural, and has high strength. In this study, the effect of basalt fiber reinforcement on the unconfined compressive strength of high plasticity bentonite clay was revealed. For this purpose, 12 mm long basalt fiber in different proportions (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%) was used as reinforcement in bentonite clay, and the optimum fiber ratio that provided the maximum increase in strength was determined. According to the results of the study, when 12 mm long basalt fiber was used as reinforcement in bentonite clay, the maximum strength value was obtained at a 4% basalt fiber ratio. However, the strength value decreased in the sample where 5% BF was used. It has been determined that basalt fiber reinforcement improves the strength properties of bentonite clay.

Response to Seawater Exposure During the Flowering Stage of Two Dune-Building Grasses: Calamagrostis arenaria (L.) Roth and Thinopyrum junceum (L.) Á.Löve

AbstractHuman disturbance and seawater intrusion have unpredictable effects on coastal species. Dune systems are crucial coastal habitats because they provide natural front protection against seawater influence. Adult plant stands in dunes are important since they maintain dune structure. This study evaluated salinity stress responses in adult plants of two key dune-building grasses differing in salt tolerance: Thinopyrum junceum (tolerant) and Calamagrostis arenaria (less tolerant). Cultivated plants were exposed to various seawater (SW) dilutions (Tap-Water, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100%) and gas exchange measurements and oxidative stress biomarkers were determined after two months of treatment. Stress conditions were maintained until flowering to assess effects on the reproductive effort. The reproductive response showed high plasticity at various inflorescence stages in T. junceum, minimizing abortion processes. C. arenaria showed lower plasticity and higher abortion rates. Physiological traits responded similarly to salinity in both species, with greater effect on Fv/Fm decrease and non-photochemical quenching increase for T. junceum. Biochemical patterns of response were also similar, with increasing enzymatic activities at 25% SW treatment, mainly for glutathione reductase and peroxidase (GSH and GPx), and stress damage occurring at 50% and 100% SW treatments for increased malonaldehyde (MDA) levels. These findings provide insight into the salinity tolerance mechanisms of dune-building grasses. Higher salinity tolerance is suggested for T. junceum based on better reproductive effort. Higher juvenile tolerance, faster growth, and plant cycle adjustments are indicated as key traits for higher salinity tolerance of T. junceum in contrast to C. arenaria.

Stability and ecological plasticity of winter grain crops in the Republic of Bashkortostan

Relevance. Determination of the parameters of stability and ecological plasticity of winter grain crops allows us to assess their adaptability and objectively characterize the practical value.Methods. The ecological plasticity and stability of winter grain crops (winter rye Secale cereale L., winter wheat Triticum aestivum L. and winter triticale Triticosecale) were assessed by grain yield. For the study, statistical data on yields in 2012–2021 in 54 municipal districts of the Republic of Bashkortostan were used. Yield stability was assessed by calculating the coefficient of variation (Cv) and mean square deviation of yield σd2), ecological plasticity — by calculating the yield regression coefficient (bi).Results. Winter grain crops on the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan have different stability and ecological plasticity. Winter rye has relatively high stability (Cv 34.03% and σd2 4.28) and lower ecological plasticity (bi 0.77), low stability (Cv 42.35% and σd2 8.11) and high plasticity (bi 1.24) — winter wheat. Winter triticale occupies an intermediate position between winter rye and winter wheat. Identical reaction of winter grain crops to changes in soil and climatic conditions (place of cultivation) and agrometeorological conditions (year of cultivation). Winter wheat responds more negatively to deteriorating conditions and positively to improvements in soil-climatic (bi 1.17) and agrometeorological conditions (bi 1.21) than winter rye (0.78 and 0.79, respectively) and winter triticale (1.05 and 1.00, respectively).

Adult Neurogenesis of Teleost Fish Determines High Neuronal Plasticity and Regeneration.

Studying the properties of neural stem progenitor cells (NSPCs) in a fish model will provide new information about the organization of neurogenic niches containing embryonic and adult neural stem cells, reflecting their development, origin cell lines and proliferative dynamics. Currently, the molecular signatures of these populations in homeostasis and repair in the vertebrate forebrain are being intensively studied. Outside the telencephalon, the regenerative plasticity of NSPCs and their biological significance have not yet been practically studied. The impressive capacity of juvenile salmon to regenerate brain suggests that most NSPCs are likely multipotent, as they are capable of replacing virtually all cell lineages lost during injury, including neuroepithelial cells, radial glia, oligodendrocytes, and neurons. However, the unique regenerative profile of individual cell phenotypes in the diverse niches of brain stem cells remains unclear. Various types of neuronal precursors, as previously shown, are contained in sufficient numbers in different parts of the brain in juvenile Pacific salmon. This review article aims to provide an update on NSPCs in the brain of common models of zebrafish and other fish species, including Pacific salmon, and the involvement of these cells in homeostatic brain growth as well as reparative processes during the postraumatic period. Additionally, new data are presented on the participation of astrocytic glia in the functioning of neural circuits and animal behavior. Thus, from a molecular aspect, zebrafish radial glia cells are seen to be similar to mammalian astrocytes, and can therefore also be referred to as astroglia. However, a question exists as to if zebrafish astroglia cells interact functionally with neurons, in a similar way to their mammalian counterparts. Future studies of this fish will complement those on rodents and provide important information about the cellular and physiological processes underlying astroglial function that modulate neural activity and behavior in animals.

Functional Plasticity of a Viral Terpene Synthase, OILTS, that Shows Non-Specific Metal Cofactor Binding and Metal-dependent Biosynthesis.

OILTS is a viral class I terpene synthase found from the giant virus Orpheovirus IHUMI-LCC2. It exhibits a unique structure and demonstrates high plasticity to metal cofactors, allowing it to biosynthesize different cyclic terpene frameworks. Notably, while OILTS produces only (+)-germacrene D-4-ol with the most common cofactor, Mg2+, it also biosynthesizes a different cyclic terpene, (+)-cubebol, with Mn2+, Co2+, or Ni2+, presenting a rare instance of cofactor-dependent enzyme catalysis. This is the first report of (+)-cubebol biosynthesis, to our knowledge. In addition, OILTS can uptake Zn2+ as a cofactor, which is uncommon among ordinary terpene synthases. These findings suggest that OILTS's functional plasticity may benefit the virus in diverse host environments, highlighting potential evolutionary implications.

Research on Coated Tool Life and Wear in Ta-2.5W Alloy Turning.

Due to its inherent high hardness, strength, and plasticity, tantalum-tungsten (Ta-W) alloy poses a considerable challenge in machining, resulting in pronounced tool wear, diminished tool lifespan, and suboptimal surface quality. This study undertook experiments utilizing uncoated carbide tools, TiAlN-coated carbide tools, and AlTiN-coated carbide tools for machining Ta-2.5W alloy. The investigation delved into the intricacies of surface temperature, tool longevity, and the distinctive wear characteristics under varying coating materials and cutting parameters. Concurrently, a comprehensive exploration of the wear mechanisms affecting the tools was conducted. Among the observed wear modes, flank wear emerged as the predominant issue for turning tools. Across all three tool types, adhesive wear and diffusion wear were identified as the principal wear mechanisms, with the TiAlN-coated tools displaying a reduced level of wear compared to their AlTiN-coated counterparts. The experimental findings conclusively revealed that TiAlN-coated carbide tools exhibited an extended tool lifespan in comparison to uncoated carbide tools and AlTiN-coated carbide tools, signifying superior cutting performance.

How many microplastics do you need to (sub)sample?

Analysis of microplastics in the environment requires polymer characterization as a confirmation step for suspected microplastic particles found in a sample. Material characterization is costly and can take a long time per particle. When microplastic particle counts are high, many researchers cannot characterize every particle in their sample due to time or monetary constraints. Moreover, characterizing every particle in samples with high plastic particle counts is unnecessary for describing the sample properties. We propose an a priori approach to determine the number of suspected microplastic particles in a sample that should be randomly subsampled for characterization to accurately assess the polymer distribution in the environmental sample. The proposed equation is well-founded in statistics literature and was validated using published microplastic data and simulations for typical microplastic subsampling routines. We report values from the whole equation but also derive a simple way to calculate the necessary particle count for samples or subsamples by taking the error to the power of negative two. Assuming an error of 0.05 (5 %) with a confidence interval of 95 %, an unknown expected proportion, and a sample with many particles (> 100k), the minimum number of particles in a subsample should be 386 particles to accurately characterize the polymer distribution of the sample, given the particles are randomly characterized from the full population of suspected particles. Extending this equation to simultaneously estimate polymer, color, size, and morphology distributions reveals more particles (620) would be needed in the subsample to achieve the same high absolute error threshold for all properties. The above proposal for minimum subsample size also applies to the minimum count that should be present in samples to accurately characterize particle type presence and diversity in a given environmental compartment.

Abstract 3783: Oral squamous carcinoma, LN metastasis

Abstract Due to genetically unstable nature of cancer cells, they give rise to genetically different variant subclones inside a single tumor. To enable the development of more efficacious therapies, it is crucial to understand cancer heterogeneity and subclone characteristics. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has high heterogeneity and plasticity. C-X3-C motif ligand 1 (CX3CL1) is the chemokine with anti- and pro-tumor functions. Our study reported CX3CL1 functions on cancer subclones with different phenotypes, both in vivo and in vitro. We found that Mouse OSCC (MOC) 1 and MOC2 cells responded in similar manners to CX3CL1 in vitro. However, in vivo, CX3CL1 increases cellular differentiation in indolent cancer (MOC1) while increasing metastasis in aggressive cancer (MOC2). These phenomena are influenced by different phenotypic tumor microenvironments created by indolent and aggressive cancer. From there, we established that when aggressive cancer cells gain CX3CL1 expression, they stimulate protumor immune system, promoting cancer metastasis via lymphatic vessels. A similar phenomenon was observed in metastatic OSCC patient samples, where CX3CL1 expression became intense in metastasis regions, consistent with aggressive subclone (MOC2) character; we correctly predicted patient outcomes by using CX3CL1 as prognostic indicator for long-term follow-up in metastatic OSCC patients. In conclusion, CX3CL1 is the key factor for stimulating aggressive cancer subclones to create new lymphatic networks for lymph node metastasis. Citation Format: Hotaka Kawai, Htoo Shwe Eain, Toshiaki Ohara, May Wathone Oo, Yamin So, Hitoshi Nagatsuka. Oral squamous carcinoma, LN metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 3783.