Higher Levels Of Physical Activity Research Articles

Relationship Between Physical Activity and Depressive Symptoms Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Chengdu,Sichuan,China

Objective To investigate the current status of physical activity and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults in Chengdu,Sichuan and explore the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms. Methods Multi-stage proportional stratified random sampling was employed to select middle-aged and older adults aged ≥45 years as the participants,and face-to-face interviews were carried out to collect data.Logistic regression was adopted to explore the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults.The trend test was performed for the relationship between different levels of physical activity and depressive symptoms.The subgroup analysis and the test for multiplicative interactions were conducted for the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms. Results A total of 4376 middle-aged and older adults were included.Among them,14.58% (638/4376),25.98% (1137/4376),and 27.83% (1218/4376) had depressive symptoms,failed to reach the guideline-recommended standards of physical activity,and were at low levels of physical activity,respectively.There was a negative association between reaching guideline-recommended physical activity standard and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults (OR=0.713,95%CI=0.589-0.861,P<0.001).In addition,moderate levels (OR=0.714,95%CI=0.586-0.871,P=0.001) and high levels of physical activity (OR=0.705,95%CI=0.548-0.906,P=0.006) had negative associations with the presence of depressive symptoms.The trend test revealed that the negative association between physical activity and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults enhanced as the level of physical activity increased (Pfor trend=0.001).The subgroup analysis and the test for multiplicative interactions revealed that neither reaching guideline-recommended physical activity standards or not nor the physical activity level had an interaction with each of the subgroups (all Pfor interaction>0.05). Conclusion The current status of depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults in Chengdu,Sichuan needs to be ameliorated.A negative association existed between reaching the guideline-recommended physical activity standard and presence of depressive symptoms,and the negative association enhanced as the physical activity level elevated.

Quantifying urban park use in the USA at scale: empirical estimates of realised park usage using smartphone location data

A large body of evidence connects access to greenspace with substantial benefits to physical and mental health. In urban settings where access to greenspace can be limited, park access and use have been associated with higher levels of physical activity, improved physical health, and lower levels of markers of mental distress. Despite the potential health benefits of urban parks, little is known about how park usage varies across locations (between or within cities) or over time. We estimated park usage among urban residents (identified as residents of urban census tracts) in 498 US cities from 2019 to 2021 from aggregated and anonymised opted-in smartphone location history data. We used descriptive statistics to quantify differences in park usage over time, between cities, and across census tracts within cities, and used generalised linear models to estimate the associations between park usage and census tract level descriptors. In spring (March 1 to May 31) 2019, 18·9% of urban residents visited a park at least once per week, with average use higher in northwest and southwest USA, and lowest in the southeast. Park usage varied substantially both within and between cities; was unequally distributed across census tract-level markers of race, ethnicity, income, and social vulnerability; and was only moderately correlated with established markers of census tract greenspace. In spring 2019, a doubling of walking time to parks was associated with a 10·1% (95% CI 5·6-14·3) lower average weekly park usage, adjusting for city and social vulnerability index. The median decline in park usage from spring 2019 to spring 2020 was 38·0% (IQR 28·4-46·5), coincident with the onset of physical distancing policies across much of the country. We estimated that the COVID-19-related decline in park usage was more pronounced for those living further from a park and those living in areas of higher social vulnerability. These estimates provide novel insights into the patterns and correlates of park use and could enable new studies of the health benefits of urban greenspace. In addition, the availability of an empirical park usage metric that varies over time could be a useful tool for assessing the effectiveness of policies intended to increase such activities. Google.

Rehabilitation-Specific Predictors of Pain Intensity and Physical Activity Levels in Individuals With Acetabular Dysplasia 6 Months After Periacetabular Osteotomy.

Individuals with acetabular dysplasia often report hip joint instability, pain, and poor hip-related function. Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is a surgical procedure that aims to reposition the acetabulum to improve joint congruency and improve pain and function. We aimed to examine the influence of presurgery clinical measures on functional recovery following PAO and the associations among clinical outcomes after PAO. We screened 49 potential participants, 28 were enrolled, and 23 completed both study visits (pre-PAO and 6 months post-PAO). We evaluated dynamometer-measured hip and thigh strength, loading patterns during a squat and countermovement jump (CMJ), pain intensity, and device-measured physical activity (PA) levels (light, moderate-to-vigorous PA [MVPA], and daily steps). We used linear regression models to examine the influence of muscle strength (peak torque; limb symmetry index [LSI]) and loading patterns before PAO on pain intensity and PA levels in individuals 6 months following PAO. Additionally, we used Pearson correlation coefficient to examine cross-sectional associations among all variables 6 months following PAO. Lower extremity muscle strength and loading patterns during the squat and CMJ before PAO did not predict pain intensity or device-measured PA levels in individuals 6 months following PAO (p > 0.05). Six months following PAO, higher knee extensor LSI was associated with higher time spent in MVPA (r = 0.56; p = 0.016), higher hip abductor LSI was associated with both lower pain (r = 0.50; p = 0.036) and higher involved limb loading during the squat task (r = 0.59; p = 0.010). Lastly, higher hip flexor LSI was associated with higher CMJ takeoff involved limb loading (r = 0.52; p = 0.021) and higher involved hip extensor strength was associated with higher CMJ landing involved limb loading (r = 0.56; p = 0.012). Six months after PAO, higher hip and thigh muscle strength and strength symmetry were associated with lower pain, higher PA levels, and greater normalized limb loading during dynamic movement tasks.

Effect of Physical Activity on the Association Between Diet and Constipation: Evidence From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2010.

Previous studies have shown that diet and physical activity can influence constipation. However, the combined effect of diet and physical activity on constipation remains unclear. Constipation was defined based on stool consistency and frequency, while overall diet quality was assessed using Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 scores. Participants were categorized into low (metabolic equivalent [MET]-min/wk < 500) and high physical activity groups (MET-min/wk ≥ 500). The association between diet and constipation across physical activity groups was analyzed using survey logistic regression and restricted cubic splines. Higher HEI-2015 scores were associated with reduced constipation risk in the high physical activity group when constipation was defined by stool consistency (odds ratio [OR], 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97-0.99). However, in the low physical activity group, increased HEI-2015 scores did not significantly affect constipation risk (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.97-1.05). Similar results were found when constipation was defined based on stool frequency. In the high physical activity group, increased HEI-2015 scores were significantly associated with a reduced constipation risk (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.94-0.98). Conversely, in the low physical activity group, increased HEI-2015 scores did not affect the risk of constipation (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.90-1.03). Our findings suggest that a higher HEI-2015 score is negatively associated with constipation among individuals with high physical activity levels but not among those with low physical activity levels. This association was consistent when different definitions of constipation were used. These results highlight the importance of combining healthy diet with regular physical activity to alleviate constipation.

The influence of air pollution on asthma in athletes – a brief review of the literature

Introduction and purpose Air pollution, stemming from natural occurrences and human activities, significantly threatens global health, particularly impacting respiratory conditions like asthma. Air pollution substantially influences asthma exacerbation in athletes, a group particularly vulnerable due to their high physical activity levels and increased respiratory demands. Key pollutants, including particulate matter (PM), ground-level ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), play critical roles in asthma development and exacerbation. The State of Knowledge Asthma, a chronic inflammatory disease influenced by genetic predisposition and environmental factors like air pollution, is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, obstruction, and chronic inflammation, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath, coughing, wheezing, and chest tightness. Research highlights the link between air pollution exposure and asthma development, with PM2.5 exposure associated with increased asthma risk and pollutants exacerbating symptoms, especially in children. Athletes inhaling air pollutants during exercise face increased airway inflammation, mucus production, and bronchospasm, worsening asthma symptoms like wheezing and shortness of breath. Chronic exposure decreases lung function, increasing reliance on medication and limiting outdoor training on polluted days. Summary Effective asthma management amidst air pollution requires personal, community, and governmental measures. Patients should minimize exposure by wearing N95 masks and choosing low-traffic routes. Governments must monitor pollution, inform the public, and control emissions through alternative fuels and technologies. Adhering to WHO air quality guidelines could prevent many new asthma cases, emphasizing comprehensive air quality management's importance, especially among vulnerable populations like children.

Unraveling the pesticide-diabetes connection: A case-cohort study integrating Mendelian randomization analysis with a focus on physical activity's mitigating effect

Background and aimsThere is no evidence on the longitudinal and causal associations between multiple pesticides and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Chinese rural population, and whether physical activity (PA) modified these associations remains unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate the longitudinal and causal associations between pesticides mixture and T2DM, and determine whether PA modified these associations. MethodsA total of 925 subjects with normal glucose and 925 subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) were enrolled in this case-cohort study. A total of 51 targeted pesticides were quantified at baseline. Logistic regression, quantile g-computation, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were used to assess the individual and combined effects of pesticides on IFG and T2DM. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was employed to obtain the causal association between pesticides and T2DM. ResultsAfter 3-year follow-up, one-unit increment in ln-isofenphos, ln-malathion, and ln-deltamethrin were associated with an increase conversion of IFG to T2DM (FDR-P<0.05). One quartile increment in organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), organophosphorus pesticides (OPs), herbicides and pyrethroids mixtures were related to a higher incidence of T2DM among IFG patients (P<0.05). The BKMR results showed a positive trend between exposure to pesticides mixture and T2DM. The MR analysis indicated a positive association between exposure to pesticides and T2DM risk (P<0.05). No any significant association was found between pesticides and IFG. In addition, compared to subjects with high levels of PA, those with low levels of PA were related to increased risk of T2DM with the increased levels of pesticides among IFG patients. ConclusionsIndividual and combined exposure to pesticides increased the incidence of T2DM among IFG patients. MR analysis further supported the causal association of pesticides exposure with T2DM risk. Our study furtherly indicated that high levels of PA attenuated the diabetogenic effect of pesticides exposure.

May Measurement Month 2021: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Albania.

This article describes the May Measurement Month (MMM) 2021 campaign, which was the fourth time this annual hypertension screening campaign was conducted in Albania, a Mediterranean country in southeastern Europe. The MMM21 was conducted during the period of 28 September-30 November 2021, in 32 sites across several districts of Albania. Overall, 11 788 participants aged ≥18 years were included (63% women), with a mean age of 49.7 ± 14.9 years. Blood pressure (BP) was measured three times with Omron sphygmomanometers (model M3, Omron Healthcare, Kyoto, Japan), which are automatic upper arm BP monitors. Hypertension was defined as SBP ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg (based on the mean of the second and third recordings for SBP and DBP, respectively) or on antihypertensive medication. Self-reported data included pre-existing conditions, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, COVID-19 testing, and use of contraception in women. Overall, 47.3% of screened participants had hypertension. Of those with hypertension, 70.1% were aware of their condition and 67.0% were on antihypertensive medication. About half (49.3%) of participants on antihypertensive medication had controlled BP (<140/90 mmHg). On average, BP was higher in those on antihypertensive medication and with increasing alcohol intake but lower in those with a history of stroke and those with higher levels of physical activity, previous positive COVID-19 test, and contraception use in women. In Albania, the MMM campaign continues to contribute to the early detection of hypertension among adults. Hence, it constitutes a valuable opportunistic screening instrument among other routine tools applied in the general Albanian population.

Physical Activity, Fitness, and Long-Term Risk of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Observational studies have demonstrated an increased amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) risk among professional athletes in various sports. For moderately increased levels of physical activity and fitness, the results are diverging. Through a cohort study, we aimed to assess the relationship between indicators of physical activity and fitness (self-reported physical activity and resting heart rate) and long-term ALS risk. From a large Norwegian cardiovascular health survey (1985-1999), we collected information on self-reported physical activity in leisure time, resting heart rate, and other cardiovascular risk factors. Patients with ALS were identified through health registries covering the whole population. We fitted Cox proportional hazard models to assess the risk of ALS according to levels of self-reported physical activity in 3 categories (1: sedentary; 2: minimum 4 hours per week of walking or cycling; 3: minimum 4 hours per week of recreational sports or hard training), and resting heart rate modeled both on the continuous scale and as quartiles of distribution. Out of 373,696 study participants (mean 40.9 [SD 1.1] years at inclusion), 504 (41.2% women) developed ALS during a mean follow-up time of 27.2 (SD 5.0) years. Compared with participants with the lowest level of physical activity, the hazard ratio was 0.71 (95% CI 0.53-0.95) for those with the highest level. There were no clear associations between resting heart rate and ALS in the total sample. In men, the hazard ratio of ALS was 0.71 (95% CI 0.53-0.95) for those reporting moderate levels of physical activity and 0.59 (95% CI 0.42-0.84) for those reporting high levels, compared with those reporting low levels. Men with resting heart rate in the lowest quartile had 32% reduced risk of ALS (hazard ratio 0.68, 95% CI 0.49-0.94) compared with those in the second highest quartile. In women, no association was detected between neither self-reported levels of physical activity nor resting heart rate and ALS risk. Indicators of high levels of physical activity and fitness are associated with a reduced risk of ALS more than 30 years later in men, but not in women.

The impact of video gaming, music, and social media on physical activities among adults in China and Germany

ABSTRACT Videogaming, music listening, and social media are popular activities in leisure time. In this study, we aim to investigate if time spent on these leisure activities has impacts on physical activity (PA) level across China and Germany. Accordingly, we undertook an online study among adults in China (n = 1123) and Germany (n = 1009) from December 2021 to February 2022. We found that adults in Germany reported higher energy expenditure on PA than those in China. Adults in Germany preferred a high level of PA, while adults in China preferred a low level. We also found that less time on videogaming or more time on music listening was associated with higher PA level. Interestingly, time spent on social media had no effect on PA level. Our findings suggested that regulating time spent on video gaming and music listening might help promote the public’s physical activities.

Poor Eating Habits and Low Physical Activity Contribute to Weight Excess and Increase Cardiometabolic Risk in Adolescents Practicing Soccer as a Recreational Sport.

Monitoring anthropometry, dietary intake, and physical activity (PA) is essential to prevent/counteract childhood obesity. This study examined dietary intake, PA, and anthropometric characteristics in young boys practicing soccer as a recreational sport. A cross-sectional study included 226 boys aged 8 to 13 years participating in soccer as a recreational activity in football academies located in Tunis, Tunisia. Anthropometric measures allowed the calculation of body mass index, fat mass, and peak height velocity as markers of biological maturity. A three-day food record and a food frequency questionnaire estimated nutrient intake and eating habits. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to estimate the PA level of the participants. It was found that a high percentage of the children had excess weight (54%) and excess fat mass (47%). The total energy, carbohydrate, and saturated fat intake of the children exceeded the recommended levels by approximately 10%, 15%, and 30%, respectively. However, the intake of unsaturated fat was below the estimated requirements, particularly in obese children. In addition to the unbalanced macronutrient intake, the children also showed an insufficient intake of many essential micronutrients. Around 60% to 70% of the children in all three groups had a low intake of magnesium, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and vitamins B9, B12, and D. Moreover, 20% to 35% of the children in the three groups had an insufficient intake of vitamins A and C. Insufficient vitamin E intake was found in 63% of obese children and 35% of non-obese children. It was observed that the PA level was lower in the overweight/obese group compared to the normal-weight group (p < 0.005). More than three-quarters of overweight/obese children had low PA levels, about 20% were moderately active, and only 1 to 2% were highly active. Conversely, normal-weight children showed moderate to high PA levels. Poor eating behavior, an unbalanced diet, and a low PA level are prevalent in Tunisian boys practicing recreational sports. Such a combination is responsible for a disparity between energy intake and expenditure, contributing to weight excess and increased cardiometabolic risk. The study findings provide meaningful information for practitioners and authorities on applying a balanced diet and adequate PA to prevent and fight against obesity and improve cardiometabolic health in youth.

Effectiveness of a Nurse-Led Telehealth Intervention to Improve Adherence to Healthy Eating and Physical Activity Habits in Overweight or Obese Young Adults.

Excess weight and obesity have high prevalence rates globally and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality rates. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, telehealth emerged as an effective tool for promoting healthy behaviours in the management of chronic conditions. This study employed a three-month quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-intervention measurements, assessing the progress of 82 adults assigned either to an intervention group (IG) or a control group (CG). A total of 66 participants completed the study, with 33 in each group. The IG had access to a telehealth-based platform providing educational content on healthy lifestyle habits and were followed up both in-person and remotely. The CG were monitored as usual, i.e., at their primary care nurses' discretion. The IG exhibited a statistically significant reduction in weight, BMI, and abdominal circumference, along with improved adherence to a heart-healthy diet, specifically the Mediterranean diet, and higher levels of physical activity. The nurse-led intervention (Care4US+), utilising telehealth from primary care, has proven effective in enhancing healthy behaviours and reducing cardiovascular risk factors.

The Connections among Interacting with Nature, Nature Relatedness and Dietary Choices: A Pilot Mixed Methods Study.

Interacting with nature and a connection to nature (Nature Relatedness [NR]) have been associated with better mental and physical health as well as higher levels of physical activity. However, limited research has explored how interacting with nature and NR may promote healthful dietary behaviors. The purpose of this pilot convergent mixed methods study was to explore the connections between interacting with nature, NR, and dietary choices. For descriptive purposes, we measured participants' (n = 25) interactions with nature, NR (total, experience, perspective, and self) scores, physical activity, and Healthy Eating Index-2020 scores. In-depth interviews (n = 13) explored the factors that influence interacting with nature and food choices. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed separately, and later integrated to yield a more complete understanding of the research inquiry than either form of data would have provided alone. The results from this pilot mixed methods study indicate that there are connections between the variables of interest and that NR may play a pivotal role in how interacting with nature may promote sustainable dietary behaviors. These findings could promote the potential for utilizing nature-based experiences to improve dietary intake.

Risk of venous thromboembolism in relation to high physical activity level in men over 27 year follow up

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the third most common type of cardiovascular disease. An association between high level of physical activity (PA) and the onset of VTE has been found in some, but not all previous studies. We aim to study the association between PA-level and VTE in a cohort of men with updated data on PA levels at four occasions. We used data from the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM) study initiated in 1970, a study of men at age 50 years (n = 2,294 at baseline) examined on leisure time PA by questionnaire and traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Examinations were repeated at ages 60, 70, and 77, and follow-up was completed after a median time of 33 years. Cox regression analysis with hazard ratios (HRs) using updated covariates for PA and risk factors was performed on the association of PA levels with incident VTE, with adjustments for established cardiovascular risk factors (systolic blood pressure, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol, BMI, diabetes, and smoking). Totally 186 men experienced a VTE during follow-up of 68,263 person-years at risk. Individuals with the highest PA level had an increased relative risk of VTE, adjusted HR, 2.22 (95% CI 1.05–4.67), when compared to individuals with the lowest level of PA. In this cohort of men with a follow-up of 27 years, the risk of VTE was increased at the highest PA level. Findings indicate that there could be an increased VTE risk with higher PA level including strenuous activities.Graphical In this cohort of men with a follow-up of 27 years, the risk of venous thromboembolism was increased at the highest level of physical activity

The relationship between physical activity and procrastination behavior among Chinese university students: a chain mediated effect of body self-esteem and overall self-esteem.

This study aimed to explore the relationship between physical activity and procrastination behavior among college students and the serial mediating roles of body self-esteem and overall self-esteem. A cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 1,018 college students. The Physical Activity Rating Scale, the College Students' Physical Self-perception Profile, the Self-Esteem Scale, and the Chinese Procrastination Scale were utilized. Serial mediating effect analysis and Bootstrap analysis were applied to the data. (1) Individuals engaging in high levels of physical activity demonstrated significantly lower levels of procrastination behavior compared to those with moderate or low levels of physical activity (Partial η2 = 0.01, F = 2.762, p < 0.01). (2) Physical activity was positively correlated with body self-esteem (r = 0.37, p < 0.01) and overall self-esteem (r = 0.29, p < 0.01), and negatively correlated with procrastination behavior (r = -0.14, p < 0.01). body self-esteem was positively correlated with overall self-esteem (r = 0.11, p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with procrastination behavior (r = -0.13, p < 0.01). Overall self-esteem also showed a significant negative correlation with procrastination behavior (r = -0.26, p < 0.01). (3) Mediation effect analysis indicated that body self-esteem and overall self-esteem played partial mediating roles in the relationship between physical activity and procrastination behavior among college students. The mediating effects were composed of three pathways: "Physical Activity → body self-esteem → Procrastination Behavior," "Physical Activity → Overall Self-Esteem → Procrastination Behavior," and "Physical Activity → body self-esteem → Overall Self-Esteem → Procrastination Behavior," with the effect sizes accounting for 27.70, 12.26, and 7.28% of the total effect, respectively. The findings of this study lead to several key conclusions regarding the relationship between physical activity, self-esteem, and procrastination behavior among college students. Firstly, engagement in moderate levels of physical activity is more effective in reducing procrastination behavior among college students. Secondly, participation in high volumes of physical activity is associated with increased levels of both body self-esteem and overall self-esteem. Lastly, physical activity not only directly impacts procrastination behavior but also indirectly influences it by enhancing body self-esteem and overall self-esteem, thereby further reducing the individual's level of procrastination. These conclusions suggest that physical activity plays a multifaceted role in mitigating procrastination behavior in college students. By promoting self-esteem, physical activity can foster a positive psychological state that is conducive to proactive behavior and academic success. The study's findings underscore the importance of integrating physical activity into college students' daily routines as a strategy to combat procrastination and enhance self-esteem.

Associations of ambient air pollution exposure and lifestyle factors with incident dementia in the elderly: A prospective study in the UK Biobank

ObjectiveDementia is an important disease burden among the elderly, and its occurrence may be profoundly affected by environmental factors. Evidence of the relationship between air pollution and dementia is emerging, but the extent to which this can be offset by lifestyle factors remains ambiguous. MethodsThis study comprised 155,828 elder adults aged 60 years and above in the UK Biobank who were dementia-free at baseline. Cox proportional hazard models were conducted to examine the associations of annual average levels of air pollutants in 2010, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxides (NOX), particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10, and PMcoarse) and lifestyle factors recorded at baseline [physical activity (PA), sleep patterns, or smoking status] with incident risk of dementia, and their interactions on both multiplicative and additive scales. ResultsDuring a 12-year period of follow-up, 4,389 incidents of all-cause dementia were identified. For each standarddeviationincrease in ambient NO2, NOX or PM2.5, all-cause dementia risk increases by 1.07-fold [hazard ratio (HR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.07 (1.04, 1.10)], 1.05-fold (95 % CI: 1.02, 1.08) and 1.07-fold (95 % CI: 1.04, 1.10), whereas low levels of PA, poor sleep patterns, and smoking are associated with an elevated risk of dementia [HR (95 % CI) = 1.17 (1.09, 1.26), 1.13 (1.00, 1.27), and 1.14 (1.07, 1.21), respectively]. Furthermore, these air pollutants show joint effects with low PA, poor sleep patterns, and smoking on the onset of dementia. The moderate to high levels of PA could significantly or marginally significantly modify the associations between NO2, NOX or PM2.5 (P-int = 0.067, 0.036, and 0.067, respectively) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but no significant modification effects are found for sleep patterns or smoking status. ConclusionThe increased exposures of NO2, NOX, or PM2.5 are associated with elevated risk of dementia among elderly UK Biobank population. These air pollutants take joint effects with low PA, poor sleep patterns, and smoking on the development of dementia. In addition, moderate to high levels of PA could attenuate the incident risk of AD caused by air pollution. Further prospective researches among other cohort populations are warranted to validate these findings.

Factors Influencing Physical Activity Level in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Cross-sectional Study

ObjectivesExercise is a recommended component of type 1 diabetes (T1D) treatment because high physical activity levels improve health outcomes. However, many people with T1D do not meet physical activity recommendations. Our aim in this study was to identify factors influencing physical activity levels in people with T1D. MethodsThis questionnaire-based study included adults with T1D from 1 outpatient clinic in the United Kingdom and 2 clinics in Denmark. Exercise characteristics, motivators, and barriers were assessed. Physical activity level was measured using the Saltin–Grimby Physical Activity Level Scale. Respondents were categorized into 3 activity groups: inactive, light active, and moderate-to-vigourous active. ResultsOf the 332 respondents, 8.4% rated themselves as inactive, 48% as light active, and 43% as moderate-to-vigourous active. Seventy-eight percent of inactive and light active repondents expressed a desire to become more physically active. Fifty-three percent of respondents had received guidance concerning exercise/physical activity from their diabetes team. Being male and having received guidance were associated with a higher physical activity level. The major motivators for exercising/being physically active were improved mental and physical health and glycemic control, whereas the most frequent barriers were busyness with work/private life and lack of motivation. Worries about glucose excursions, costs, lack of knowledge, and health-related reasons were more prevalent barriers in the least active groups. ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that 78% of inactive and light active respondents reported wishing to become more physically active. Receiving guidance about exercise/physical activity was associated with a higher physical activity level, but only 53% of respondents had received support from their diabetes team.

Assessing Exercise Habits of Cardiovascular Risks in Middle-Aged Adults: A Descriptive Study

ABSTRACT Background: Cardiovascular problems are the leading cause of death among adults in our country. These illnesses primarily affect metropolitan populations, particularly in major cities. To prevent these diseases, efforts have focused on identifying and controlling cardiovascular risk factors such sedentary lifestyle. Aim: The study aimed to assess the exercise habits of cardiovascular risks middle-aged adults. Materials and Methods: The research approach used in this study was quantitative approach with descriptive design. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the samples. Totally 60 cardiovascular patients were recruited from Saveetha Medical College and Hospital Thandalam, Chennai. Data were gathered by using structured questionnaires and risk score calculator. Collected data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The above Table 1 shows that 59 (98.33%) had moderate level of physical activity and 1 (1.67%) had high level of physical activity among middle-aged adults. The mean and standard deviation of physical activity among middle-aged adults was 62.26 ± 5.92. The median was 62.0 with minimum score of 38.0 and maximum score of 73.0. The demographic variable age (χ 2 = 6.610, P = 0.037) had statistically significant association with level of physical activity among middle-aged adults at P &lt; 0.05 level and the other demographic variables had not shown statistically significant association with level of physical activity among middle-aged adults. Conclusion: Physical activity promotion and support should be a global priority because of the health benefits it provides for adults.

Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviors, and Venous Thromboembolism: A Narrative Review of the Current Evidence

Abstract This narrative review aims to synthesize existing research on the impact of physical activity and sedentary behaviors on the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). It also delves into the biological mechanisms through which these lifestyle factors might influence VTE risk, assesses the clinical and public health implications of these findings, and highlights gaps in the current research landscape. Furthermore, it evaluates the causal relevance of physical activity and sedentary behaviors to VTE using Mendelian randomization studies. We conducted a literature search for interventional, observational cohort and genetic studies from MEDLINE and Embase up to April 2024. High physical activity levels are associated with a reduced risk of first-time VTE, independent of factors such as body mass index, age, sex, or geographical location. Nonetheless, the exact nature of the dose–response relationship between physical activity levels and VTE risk remains unclear, particularly regarding the optimal intensity, frequency, and duration needed for VTE prevention. Unlike its effects on initial VTE risk, physical activity does not appear to influence the risk of recurrent VTE. Conversely, sedentary behaviors such as prolonged television viewing and long-distance travel (e.g., long-haul flights) are linked to an increased risk of VTE, a risk that persists despite adherence to physical activity guidelines. The causality of these associations is supported by evidence suggesting biological pathways such as alterations in blood flow and coagulation, inflammation, endothelial and platelet function, and the modulation of cardiometabolic risk factors. Future research should aim to delineate the dose–response curves for the relationships, explore the use of objective measures to more accurately assess both physical activity and sedentary behaviors, and clarify their causal roles in VTE risk, potentially guiding targeted prevention strategies.

Comprehensive evaluation of risk factors for aseptic loosening in cemented total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aseptic loosening is the most common cause for revisions after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Despite many studies exploring various risk factors associated with aseptic loosening, findings often present inconsistencies. To address this, we conducted a thorough review of the literature to identify and analyse these risk factors in cemented TKA. Additionally, we performed a meta-analysis to reconcile the divergent conclusions observed across studies. We searched PubMed, Web of Science and Embase from 1996 up to 2024 and evaluated the quality of the included literature. Seventy-four studies were included to assess the association of BMI, diabetes, high physical activity (HPA), osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), cement material and implant design. Twenty-nine studies were used to calculate relative risk and CIs (using the random effects theory) and study heterogeneity for six different risk factors (BMI, diabetes, HPA level, cement material, polyethylene and implant design). Patients with diabetes are eight times more likely to experience aseptic loosening compared to those without diabetes (RR = 9.18, 95% CI: 1.80-46.77, p < 0.01). The use of tibial stem extension or highly crosslinked polyethylene can help reduce the incidence of aseptic loosening. However, we did not identify BMI, HPA, osteoporosis, RA, the use of high-viscosity cement and the utilization of mobile-bearing designs as risk factors for aseptic loosening post-cemented TKA. Patients with diabetes undergoing TKA should be counselled regarding their potential increased risk of aseptic loosening. The use of tibial stem extensions and HXLPE can mitigate the incidence of aseptic loosening in cemented TKA. However, given a limited number of studies were included in the meta-analysis, we believe that higher-level studies are necessary to clearly identify other risk factors. Level III.

The Effect of Two Health Education Packages on Nutritional Knowledge, Practices, and Physical Activity Levels Among School-Going Adolescents in Rishikesh: A Cluster Randomized Trial.

Introduction Adolescence is a critical period known for presenting specific challenges in disease treatment and health promotion. Studies have highlighted that increased nutritional awareness is associated with healthier eating habits, while regular physical activity aids in controlling and preventing non-communicable diseases. Equipping adolescents with health education in schools prepares them to adopt and maintain healthy lifestyles throughout their lives. To assess and compare the efficacy of health education packages targeting nutrition knowledge, practices, and physical activity levels, a cluster-randomized trial was conducted among school-going adolescents. Methodology Two distinct health education packages were developed for the two intervention groups. In group 1, a health talk supported by a flip chart was delivered, followed by pamphlet distribution. In contrast, in group 2, only information pamphlets were distributed. The study was conducted in government schools in Rishikesh, with four schools selected. Two schools were randomly allocated to each intervention arm. In each school, a questionnaire was administered to assess the students' nutrition knowledge, practicesand physical activity levels. This was followed by the intervention, and the students were reassessed for the same parameters after two weeks. Result The pre-intervention and post-intervention comparisons within the same group- the mean scores for nutrition knowledge, food practice, sleep duration, and recreational screen time were comparable in the intervention group 1 (p>0.05). There was a decrease in the mean physical activity score and screen time for studies in intervention group 1, and these differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). The mean scores for nutrition knowledge, physical activity, sleep duration, and screen time for studies were comparable in the intervention group 2 (p>0.05). There was an increase in the mean food practice score and a decrease in recreational screen time in intervention group 2, and these differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). On comparing the groups with each other, it was found thatGroup 2 exhibited a significantly higher mean food practice score compared to group 1 post-intervention. While there was a statistically significant decrease in the mean physical activity score in intervention group 1, this group still had higher physical activity levels than group 2.Post-intervention, group 2 exhibited a higher screen time for studies compared to group 1. Both groups had comparable sleep durations at baseline and post-intervention, with intervention group 1's mean sleep duration falling within the recommended range set by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Regression analysis provided valuable insights into the relationship between baseline values of various variables and their post-intervention values, aiding in understanding the impact of the health education packages. Conclusion The findings emphasize the significance of incorporating nutrition and physical activity education into the curriculum of students.