High-performance Sodium-ion Batteries Research Articles

S, Se-Codoped Dual Carbon Coating and Se Substitution in Co-Alkoxide-Derived CoS2 Through SeS2 Triggered Selenization for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries

The development of metal sulfides as anodes for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) is significantly obstructed by the slow kinetics of the electrochemical reactions and the substantial volume changes on the cycling. Herein, we introduce a selenium-substituted cobalt disulfide embedded within a dual carbon–graphene framework (Se-CoS2/C@rGO) for high-performance SIBs. The Se-CoS2/C@rGO was prepared via a synchronous sulfurization/selenization strategy using Co-alkoxide as the precursor and SeS2 as the source of selenium and sulfur, during which the EG anions are converted in situ to a S, Se codoped carbon scaffold. The dual carbon–graphene matrix not only improves the electronic conductivity but also stabilizes the electrode material effectively. In addition, the Se substitution within the CoS2 lattice further improves the electrical conductivity and promotes the Na+ reaction kinetics. The enhanced intrinsic electronic/ionic conductivity and reinforced structural stability endow the Se-CoS2/C@rGO anode with a high reversible capacity (558.2 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1), superior rate performance (351 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1), and long cycle life (93.5% capacity retention after 2100 cycles at 1 A g−1). This work provides new insights into the development of stable and reversible anode materials through Se substitution and dual carbon encapsulation.

Mechanically Robust Bismuth-Embedded Carbon Microspheres for Ultrafast Charging and Ultrastable Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Advancements in the development of fast-charging and long-lasting microstructured alloying anodes with high volumetric capacities are essential for enhancing the operational efficiency of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). These anodes, however, face challenges such as declined cyclability and rate capability, primarily due to mechanical degradation reduced by significant volumetric changes (over 252%) and slow kinetics of sodium-ion storage. Herein, we introduce a novel anode design featuring densely packed bismuth (Bi) embedded within highly conductive carbon microspheres to overcome the aforementioned challenges. Remarkably, the high loading Bi anode within carbon microspheres with a high tap density of 2.59 g cm-3 possesses significant mechanical strength exceeding 590 MPa and limits volume swelling of only 10.9% post-sodiation. This anode demonstrates a high volumetric capacity (908.3 mAh cm-3), ultrafast chargeability (200 A g-1, full charge/discharge in just 5.5 s), and outstanding cyclability over 12,000 cycles and maintains exceptional cycling stability even at -30 °C. The full cell paired with a Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode retains over 80% capacity after 600 cycles at 36 C, demonstrating a remarkable rate capability of 126 C (full charge/discharge in 28.6 s). Our comprehensive experimental evaluations and chemo-mechanical simulations shed light on the mechanisms underpinning the anode's superior performance. This development marks a significant advancement in the design of durable and fast-charging anodes for high-performance SIBs.

Unveiling the Potential of Bi/FeS-G Nanocomposites: A Pioneering Approach to Dual-Functional Anodes for High-Performance Lithium-Ion and Sodium-Ion Batteries

Unveiling the Potential of Bi/FeS-G Nanocomposites: A Pioneering Approach to Dual-Functional Anodes for High-Performance Lithium-Ion and Sodium-Ion Batteries

Tremendously excess Na-storage capacity of Sb@C anode towards high-performance sodium-ion batteries

Tremendously excess Na-storage capacity of Sb@C anode towards high-performance sodium-ion batteries

A flame-retardant and weakly solvated gel electrolyte for high-performance and high-safety Ah class sodium-ion batteries

A flame-retardant and weakly solvated gel electrolyte for high-performance and high-safety Ah class sodium-ion batteries

Mn-based tunnel-structured Na0.44MnO2 cathode materials for high-performance sodium-ion batteries: electrochemical mechanism, synthesis and modifications.

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as promising and mature alternatives to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in the post-LIB era, necessitating the development of cost-effective and high-performance cathode materials. The unique crystal texture of Mn-based tunnel-structured cathode materials offers outstanding cycling stability, rate capability and air stability, making them a highly attractive option for sodium-ion storage applications. This comprehensive review summarizes recent advancements in the understanding of sodium-ion storage mechanism, synthesis techniques, and modification strategies for Mn-based tunnel-structured cathode materials, thereby significantly contributing to the advancement of high-performance cathodes for SIBs.

Functional carbon-based covalent bridging bonds unlocking superior sodium-ion storage

This review focuses on the transformative role of the carbon-based covalent bridging bonds in the field of sodium-ion batteries, providing valuable insights for advancing the next-generation high-performance sodium-ion batteries.

Pre-sodiation strategies for constructing high-performance sodium-ion batteries

This review comprehensively summarizes the pre-sodiation strategies for constructing high-performance sodium-ion batteries, highlighting the anode pre-sodiation and cathode pre-sodiation techniques.

Advances in Metal Sulfides Anode for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries

Advances in Metal Sulfides Anode for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries

Modulating the structure of O3-type NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 for high-performance sodium-ion batteries via Na2MoO4 reactive wetting coating combined with Mo doping and interface reconstruction

Modulating the structure of O3-type NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 for high-performance sodium-ion batteries via Na2MoO4 reactive wetting coating combined with Mo doping and interface reconstruction

Unraveling the Function Mechanism of N-Doped Carbon-Encapsulated Na3V2(PO4)3 Cathode toward High-Performance Sodium-Ion Battery with Ultrahigh Cycling Stability.

The NASICON-type Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) is recognized as a potential cathode material for Na-ion batteries (SIBs). Nevertheless, its inherent small electronic conductivity induces limited cycling stability and rate performance. Carbon coating, particularly N-doped carbon, has been identified as an effective strategy to address these challenges. Hence, N-doped carbon-coated NVP was successfully produced by a straightforward high-temperature solid-phase method, and the mechanism of N-doped carbon coating in regulating the electrochemical kinetics of NVP was unraveled. The N-doped carbon layer establishes a robust conductive network that interconnects the active particles, facilitating electron transfer within the electrode. SEM images after cycling show that the uniform carbon coating mitigated NVP agglomeration, thereby reducing undesired side reactions between electrode and electrolyte. The discharge capacities of NVP/N-C2 electrodes at 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10C reach 116.0, 114.6, 112.6, 111, 108.7, 104.2, and 99.4 mAh g-1, respectively. Even at 20C, the discharge capacity remains up to 92.2 mAh g-1, which is approximately 80% of the discharge capacity at 0.1C. When the rate returns to 0.1C, the NVP/N-C2 cathode still exhibits a discharge capacity of 115.9 mAh g-1, showing excellent electrochemical reversibility. This study presents a viable approach for fabricating NVP with a N-doped carbon coating, showcasing enhanced sodium storage properties.

Reduction-Induced Topological Phase Transition to Construct K2Mn[Fe(CN)6] Superstructures for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Potassium manganese-based Prussian blue analogs (KMn-HCF) hold great potential as cathodes for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, the rapid synthesis process often results in excessively small particle sizes, increasing surface area and thereby intensifying side reactions with the electrolyte, which can damage the cathode electrolyte interface (CEI) and diminish cycling stability. Herein, we designed a topological phase transition strategy to assemble small KMn-HCF particles into a 600 nm cubic superstructure. Structurally, the assembled structure in KMn-HCF significantly improves the cycling stability and durability of KMn-HCF as a SIB cathode by reducing defects, enhancing the uniformity and stability of the CEI layer, minimizing contact with the electrolyte, and reinforcing structural integrity. From a compositional perspective, KMn-HCF exhibits lower Jahn-Teller distortion, reducing overall lattice distortion while allowing larger K+ to act as pillars, supporting the Mn-HCF framework and preventing capacity degradation caused by structural deterioration. The robust CEI layer formed in the KMn-HCF cubic superstructure delivered stable charge-discharge voltage profiles and reversible plateaus, achieving a capacity retention of 88.4%/89.1% after 1000 cycles at current densities of 0.1 and 0.5 A g-1, respectively.

Advances in Electrode Materials for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries: Challenges and Future Prospects

Energy storage is crucial for modern technology, especially with the increasing reliance on renewable energy sources. While lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) dominate the market due to their high energy density, long cycle life, and widespread application, the growing scarcity and rising cost of lithium are driving the exploration of alternative materials. Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as a highly promising solution, offering significant advantages in terms of cost-effectiveness, abundance of sodium resources, and environmental sustainability. This review provides an in-depth examination of the working principles of SIBs, comparing their performance with LIBs and analyzing their potential in large-scale energy storage applications, including grid-level and stationary systems. Recent progress in the development of advanced cathode and anode materials is thoroughly discussed, with a particular focus on overcoming existing limitations related to energy density, cycle stability, and efficiency. Furthermore, the review addresses the prospects for SIB commercialization, along with the technical and economic challenges that remain. With continued material innovations and research, SIBs could play a vital role in creating sustainable and scalable energy storage solutions.

Enhancing Sodium-Ion Battery Performance: A Focus on Electrode Materials

As lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) near their performance limits, finding alternative energy storage solutions has become crucial for the future of electric vehicles. Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as a promising candidate due to their similar working mechanisms to LIBs, yet they hold the potential for more cost-effective and sustainable energy storage. However, the technology behind SIBs is still in its developmental stages, and achieving commercial viability remains a challenge. This review focuses on the importance of electrode materials in advancing high-performance SIBs. By analyzing several highly regarded studies, this article explores how different types of electrode materials, such as carbon-based anodes and layered oxide cathodes, can improve energy density, cycle life, charge/discharge rates, and overall efficiency. The review also addresses the current challenges these materials face and discusses possible strategies for overcoming them. Ultimately, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the key role electrode materials play in driving the future of SIB technology and what advancements are needed to realize their full potential.

Interface Issues of Layered Transition Metal Oxide Cathodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries: Current Status, Recent Advances, Strategies, and Prospects.

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) hold significant promise in energy storage devices due to their low cost and abundant resources. Layered transition metal oxide cathodes (NaxTMO2, TM = Ni, Mn, Fe, etc.), owing to their high theoretical capacities and straightforward synthesis procedures, are emerging as the most promising cathode materials for SIBs. However, the practical application of the NaxTMO2 cathode is hindered by an unstable interface, causing rapid capacity decay. This work reviewed the critical factors affecting the interfacial stability and degradation mechanisms of NaxTMO2, including air sensitivity and the migration and dissolution of TM ions, which are compounded by the loss of lattice oxygen. Furthermore, the mainstream interface modification approaches for improving electrochemical performance are summarized, including element doping, surface engineering, electrolyte optimization, and so on. Finally, the future developmental directions of these layered NaxTMO2 cathodes are concluded. This review is meant to shed light on the design of superior cathodes for high-performance SIBs.

Bismuth nanoparticles embedded in carbon fibers as flexible and free-standing anodes for efficient sodium ion batteries.

Metallic bismuth is a promising anode electrode material for sodium ion batteries due to its high theoretical specific capacity. However, the formation of Na3Bi during the reaction process brings about significant volume changes and structural collapse of the electrode, resulting in the destruction of structures and a decrease in the cycling stability of sodium ion batteries. In this study, bismuth nanoparticles embedded in carbon fibers (Bi/CF) through a facile approach of electrospinning and calcination. Bi nanoparticles with diameters of approximately 20 nm were homogeneously dispersed in the carbon fibers, as confirmed by relevant morphological and structural features. The carbon fiber substrate can serve as a flexible and free-standing electrode, forming a conductive network to accelerate electron transport and ion diffusion. In light of this, Bi/CF anodes exhibit a high reversible capacity (376.6 mA h g-1 at 0.1 A g-1) and long-term cycle stability (only attenuates 0.12% in each cycle after 2000 times). This work provides a convenient and effective strategy for the synthesis of flexible and free-standing anodes for high-performance sodium ion batteries.

ZnSe⊂MoSe2/rGO Petal-like Assembly as Fast and Stable Sodium Ion Storage Anodes

The development of high energy and power density sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) has attracted increasing interest in the last two decades due to the abundance and cost-effectiveness of sodium resources. Herein, this study developed a self-templating synthetic method to construct MoSe2 nanosheets which were intercalated by ZnSe nanoparticles and were anchored on the in situ reduced graphene oxide layers. The thus-fabricated composites exhibited excellent Coulombic efficiency, a remarkable rate capability and an exceptionally long cycle life when being utilized as the anode in SIBs. Specifically, a reversible capacity of 265 mAh g−1 was achieved at 20 A g−1, which could be maintained for 6400 cycles. At an ultra-high rate of 30.0 A g−1, the anode retained a capacity of 235 mAh g−1 after 9500 cycles. Such a strong performance was attributed to its unique porous structure and synergistic interactions of multi-components. The underlying sodium storage mechanism was further investigated through various techniques such as in situ X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, the galvanostatic intermittent titration method, etc. Overall, this study illustrates the great potential of clad-structured multicomponent hybrids in developing high-performance SIBs.

High-performance Sodium-ion Battery Cathode of 3D Covalent Organic Framework with Interconnected Microchannels and Dense Redox-active Sites

High-performance Sodium-ion Battery Cathode of 3D Covalent Organic Framework with Interconnected Microchannels and Dense Redox-active Sites

Earth-abundant FeSO4-based conversion-type cathode for rechargeable sodium-ion batteries

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have gained prominence as the ideal choice for next-generation large-scale energy storage systems owing to advantages such as sodium abundance and cost-effectiveness. However, their synthesis requires harsh conditions such as high pressure and temperature, and the cathode materials exhibit poor electrical conductivity and sluggish kinetics, hindering SIBs from meeting the requirements for practical applications. In this study, a conversion-type Gr/FeSO4 nanocomposite based on earth-abundant and environmentally friendly elements was developed using a high-energy mechanical ball-milling method. The conversion reaction in FeSO4 was triggered via a simple direct-contact pre-sodiation method, wherein the FeSO4 particles were reversibly converted to Fe0 and Na2SO4 and recovered in the next charging process. Meanwhile, graphene in Gr/FeSO4 acted as a conductive matrix that provided additional electron transfer paths, resulting in increased ionic and electronic conductivities and enhanced diffusion kinetics. Owing to these matrices, the as-prepared Gr/FeSO4 nanocomposite exhibited remarkable long-term cyclability. This study highlights the advantages of combining pre-sodiation and conversion reactions for cathodes and demonstrates the feasibility of employing naturally abundant FeSO4 for high-performance SIBs.

2,2-Dimethylvinylboronic acid as an effective solid electrolyte interface formation additive for high performance sodium ion batteries

The main challenges brought by the unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film seriously hinder the practical application of sodium ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, 2,2-dimethylvinylboronic acid (DEBA) is used as a film-forming electrolyte additive to improve the stability of the interface between the hard carbon (HC) and electrolyte for SIBs, naming the resulting electrode HCD-DEBA. DEBA is preferentially decomposed before the electrolyte and involved in forming SEI. Besides, in the cycling process, the C=C bonds in DEBA undergo the in-situ polymerization to construct the polymer skeleton of the SEI, inducing forming a thinner solid electrolyte interface layer with lower interface impedance, thus enhancing cycling stability. The optimized HCD-2%DEBA exhibits a first-cycle discharge specific capacity of 332.5 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, while the HCD is 329.6 mAh g−1. HCD-2% DEBA was able to cycle 5000 times at a high rate of 5 C with capacities ranging from 195.7 mAh g−1 to 110.4 mAh g−1, however, the one without DEBA died after about 2000 cycles with an initial discharge capacity of 83.6 mAh g−1. This work provides a simple strategy for improving the cycle capacity of hard carbon half-cells and constructing the solid electrolyte interphase.