High-performance Hybrid Research Articles

Simultaneously enhance electric and magnetic Purcell factor by strong coupling between toroidal dipole quasi-BIC and electric dipole

The larger electric or magnetic Purcell factor demonstrates that the structure can be utilized as an electric or magneto-optical emission project. Their simultaneous realization offers the potential for integrated circuits to achieve selective photon sources. In this study, we put forth a proposal for the simultaneous attainment of substantial electrical and magnetic Purcell enhancements. In our hybrid metal–dielectric metasurface, the toroidal dipole (TD) quasi bound states in the continuum mode and the electric dipole (ED) mode are strongly coupled, so the hybrid mode combines the advantages of both, with a large Q factor and a small mode volume. The design implements a Rabi splitting energy of 222 meV between the TD quasi-BIC and ED modes, achieving an electric Purcell factor of 43 and a magnetic Purcell factor of 684, which are greater than those observed for the metal rod and dielectric structure, respectively. This paves the way for the development of high-performance hybrid optoelectronic applications.

A high-efficiency and long-cycling aqueous indium metal battery enabled by synergistic In3+/K+ interactions.

Aqueous trivalent metal batteries are promising options for energy storage, owing to their ability to transfer three electrons during redox reactions. However, advances in this field have been limited by challenges such as incompatible M3+/M electrode potentials and salt hydrolysis. Herein, we identify the trivalent indium metal as a viable candidate and demonstrate a high-performance indium-Prussian blue hybrid battery using a K+/In3+ mixture electrolyte. Interestingly, there exists a synergistic interaction between K+ and In3+ ions, which enhances the coulombic efficiency and prolongs the cycling life. Specifically, the addition of K+ elevates the In3+/In plating efficiency from 99.3% to 99.6%, due to the decreased electrolyte acidity and enlarged indium particle size. Simultaneously, the presence of In3+ creates an inherently acidic environment (pH ∼3.1), which effectively stabilizes K+ insertion into the Prussian blue framework. Consequently, this hybrid battery delivered a high capacity of 130 mA h g-1, an exceptional rate of 96 A g-1 (∼740 C), and an extraordinary cycling life of 48 000 cycles. This work offers an innovative approach to develop high-performance hybrid metal batteries.

Polyoxometalates as advanced-performance anions for ∼D5h Dy(III) single-ion magnets.

We enhance single-ion magnet (SIM) magnetisation reversal barriers by engineering the second coordination sphere, substituting conventional small monoanions with a bulky polyoxometalate (POM) trianion. Importantly, our approach serves as a model for creating new high-performance multifunctional hybrid materials.

Unveiling the potential: iodide-infused nickel-enhanced MXene composite for high-performance sodium ion hybrid capacitors

Unveiling the potential: iodide-infused nickel-enhanced MXene composite for high-performance sodium ion hybrid capacitors

High-performance hybrid supercapacitors enabled by CoTe@CoFeTe double-shelled nanocubes.

Metal tellurides, known for their superior electrical conductivity and excellent electrochemical properties, are promising candidates for supercapacitor applications. This study introduces a novel method involving a metal-organic framework hybrid to synthesize CoTe@CoFeTe double-shelled nanocubes. Initially, zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF67) and CoFe Prussian blue analog (PBA) nanocubes are synthesized through an anion-exchange reaction with [Fe(CN)6]3- ions. Subsequent annealing treatment converts these structures into Co3O4@CoFe2O4 double-shelled nanocubes. These are then subjected to a tellurization process to form CoTe@CoFeTe, which exhibits outstanding supercapacitive performance. Notably, the CoTe@CoFeTe based-electrode demonstrates superior supercapacitive properties compared to their oxide counterparts, mainly due to the introduction of tellurium ions. These nanocubes show an impressive specific capacity of 1312 C g-1 at a current density of 1 A g-1 and maintain 92.35% of their capacity after 10 000 charging cycles, highlighting their durability and the synergistic effect of the mixed metals and their hollow structure. Furthermore, when used as the positive electrode material in a hybrid supercapacitor with activated carbon (AC), the device achieves an energy density of 64.66 W h kg-1 and retains 88.25% of its capacity after 10 000 cycles. These results confirm the potential of the developed material for advanced supercapacitor applications.

In situ growth of 3D nano-array architecture Bi2S3/nickel foam assembled by interwoven nanosheets electrodes for hybrid supercapacitor

Transition metal sulfides have been regarded as significant candidates of battery-type electrode materials for high-performance hybrid supercapatteries (HSC). Bi2S3/nickel foam (NF) integrated electrodes are fabricated by adjusting the molar ratio of thiourea to bismuth nitrate and the hydrothermal reaction temperature by a simple template-free hydrothermal method via in-situ growth of Bi2S3 on nickel foam. The optimal Bi2S3/NF-8-120 electrode presents unique three-dimensional (3D) nano-array architecture assembled by interwoven nanosheets, which could provide abundant accessible channels for electrolyte ion diffusion. The Bi2S3/NF-8-120, as binder-free electrode, exhibits an ultrahigh specific capacity (652 mAh/g at 1 A/g), prominent rate capability (372 mAh/g at 32 A/g), and excellent cycle stability (90.1% retention after 1000 cycles). The HSC delivered an energy density of 115.6 Wh/kg at a power density of 550 W/kg and 105.9 Wh/kg at 16500 W/kg. Moreover, the HSC exhibits excellent cycling stability with a specific capacitance retention of 96.4% after 1000 cycles, indicating applicable potential of the Bi2S3/NF-8-120 electrode for HSCs.

Barrier Energy Engineering Enables Efficient Carrier Transport of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Small Organic Molecules Hybrid Thermoelectrics.

Understanding the inherent charge carrier transport mechanism within carbon nanotube-organic hybrid thermoelectric (TE) materials is crucial for enhancing their TE performance. Although various carbon nanotube-organic hybrid TE materials have been developed, the influence of the barrier energy on the TE transport mechanism within these hybrids remains elusive. Our study focuses on the engineering of barrier energy between single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and small organic molecules (SOMs) by modulating the mesomeric effects of terminal functional groups on T-shaped SOMs. The minimization of barrier energy in an SWCNTs-BTBIN hybrid to 0.04 eV resulted in a semiconducting-dominant transport character, facilitating the energy filtering of SWCNTs-BTBIN. Consequently, SWCNTs-BTBIN achieved a higher Seebeck coefficient (65 μV K-1) than other hybrids (39-54 μV K-1) having steeper barrier energies (0.30 and 0.19 eV), enabling the highest power factor (798 μW m-1 K-2) and ZT value up to 0.035 at room temperature among SWCNTs-BTBI hybrid series. A TE module consisting of SWCNTs-BTBIN incorporating five-leg TE elements produced an output power exceeding 0.82 μW, suggesting that integrating barrier energy engineering with analyses of TE transport mechanisms can significantly advance the design of high-performance nanocarbon-based organic hybrid TEs.

Sustainably transforming biomass waste into porous carbon by a hydrothermal-activation strategy for high-performance hybrid supercapacitors

Sustainably transforming biomass waste into porous carbon by a hydrothermal-activation strategy for high-performance hybrid supercapacitors

Vacuum-Featured High-Performance SiC-Blended Hybrid AZ91E Alloy Composite by Liquid Stir Solidification: Characteristics Measured

Vacuum-Featured High-Performance SiC-Blended Hybrid AZ91E Alloy Composite by Liquid Stir Solidification: Characteristics Measured

Supramolecular Rotor Assembly for the Design of a Hybrid Ferroelectric-Antiferromagnetic Multiferroic Semiconductor.

Ferroelectric (FE)-antiferromagnetic (AFM) multiferroic materials have sparked growing interest due to their huge possibilities in energy-saving, photoelectric devices, nonvolatile storage, and switches. However, realizing FE-AFM properties in a hybrid molecular material is difficult because ferroelectric and magnetic orders are commonly mutually exclusive. Here, we report an FE-AFM multiferroic semiconductor [NH4(18-crown-6)]2[Mn(SCN)4] (NCMS) by supramolecular assembly approach via molecular rotor synthon [NH4(18-crown-6)] and inorganic magnetic module [Mn(SCN)4]. Interestingly, NCMS shows good ferroelectricity with a spontaneous polarization (Ps) of 5.94 μC cm-2 higher than most crown-ether-based ferroelectrics. Especially, the realization of antiferromagnetism is for the first time in the crown ether hybrid perovskite ferroic systems. Additionally, semiconductor NCMS displays an X-ray radiation detection response with a large photo/dark current on-off ratio (197). Our study not only gives a deep insight into understanding multiferroic properties but also provides a novel and efficient approach to realizing high-performance hybrid multiferroic materials.

Structural and morphological behavior of Al-based hybrid composites reinforced by SiC and WS2 inorganic material

Abstract Aluminum-based composites exhibit significant potential in automotive engineering, especially in engine components, with potential to improve efficiency and lifespan. The potential and usability of developing high-performance aluminum-based hybrid composites with silicon carbide and tungsten disulfide for automotive applications were investigated in the present study. This study investigates a novel aluminum-based hybrid composite, incorporating 10 wt.% SiC and varying WS2 concentrations (0–12 wt.%). WS2 addition reduces friction, enhancing engine efficiency and lifespan. The structural and morphological features with mechanical behavior of the hybrid composites manufactured via powder metallurgy were examined. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis reveals the phase identification with topographical features. Microstructural analysis reveals uniform SiC distribution and WS2 clustering at aluminum grain boundaries. Microhardness increases from 52.86 ± 1.264 HV to 71.12 ± 2.175 HV with increase in WS2 (1–9 wt.%). Wear decreases from 70.56 to 8.48 μm, indicating better lubrication. After 120 h, corrosion rates drop from 0.041 to 0.013 mm a−1 with WS2 (up to 9 wt.%). The research findings suggest that with addition of WS2 and SiC improves corrosion resistance and hardness, minimizing wear.

VO2/MoS2 heterostructure synergized oxygen vacancies as a cathode material for high-performance hybrid Mg/Li-ion batteries over a wide temperature range

VO2/MoS2 heterostructure synergized oxygen vacancies as a cathode material for high-performance hybrid Mg/Li-ion batteries over a wide temperature range

Black phosphorus quantum dots embedded NiCoCu-LDH with porous structure for high-performance hybrid supercapacitor

Black phosphorus quantum dots embedded NiCoCu-LDH with porous structure for high-performance hybrid supercapacitor

In-situ growth of series-connected CoNi2S4 hollow nanocages strung by carbon nanotubes for high-performance hybrid supercapacitors

For supercapacitors (SCs), there is an urgent need to develop positive materials with excellent electrochemical performance. In this work, in-situ growth of series-connected CoNi2S4 hollow nanocages derived from zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) and strung by carboxylated carbon nanotubes (C-CNTs) were successfully synthesized through a two-step ordered ion etching/exchange procedure. The special connection structure and synergistic effect between CoNi2S4 nanocages and C-CNTs greatly improve the electrochemical performance of the hybrid (CoNi2S4/C-CNTs), in which porous CoNi2S4 hollow nanocages offer electrochemical active sites and fast ion diffusion channels, while C-CNTs provide electron transport paths. The optimized hybrid, CoNi2S4/C-CNTs20, exhibits excellent electrochemical performance with a high specific capacity (1314.6C g−1 at 1 A g−1) and an impressive rate capability (72.1 % retention at 20 A g−1). Furthermore, the hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) using CoNi2S4/C-CNTs20 and active rice husk carbon (ARHC) as the positive and negative electrodes, respectively, demonstrates an outstanding energy density of 47.9 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 800 W kg−1 and remarkable cycling stability of 90 % at 5 A g−1 after 8500 cycles. Our work will open up a brand-new strategy to oriented design electrode materials for various energy storage devices.

Designing high-performance asymmetric and hybrid energy devices via merging supercapacitive/pseudopcapacitive and Li-ion battery type electrodes

We report a strategic development of asymmetric (supercapacitive–pseudocapacitive) and hybrid (supercapacitive/pseudocapacitive–battery) energy device architectures as generation–II electrochemical energy systems. We derived performance-potential estimation regarding the specific power, specific energy, and fast charge–discharge cyclic capability. Among the conceived group, pseudocapacitor–battery hybrid device is constructed with a high-rate intrinsic asymmetric pseudocapacitive (α − MnO2/rGO) and a high-capacity Li-ion intercalation battery type (po-nSi/rGO) electrodes. The experimental setup was developed to measure the current sharing between the two different active materials in a single device allowing us to distinguish the contribution of each active electrode material. The combined potentiostatic cyclic voltammograms and galvanostatic charge–discharge cycling profiles provided gravimetric capacity exceeding 600 F/g (or 180.5 mAh g−1 and ≥ 35mC/cm2) resulting in higher specific power and specific energy densities of 6.5 kW kg−1 and 33.5 Wh kg−1 with Coulombic efficiency (CE) and capacitance retention exceeding ≥ 85–90%, reported to date for full cell configuration, compared with symmetric or half-cell configurations (ca. 0.1 kW kg−1 and 13.7 Wh kg−1). Other systems studied provided specific energy ranged between 28 Wh kg−1 and 50 Wh kg−1 and specific power between 6.5 kW kg−1and 1.3 kW kg−1. Moreover, the behavior of such asymmetric hybrid devices represented a linear combination of the two active electrode material systems. The use of aqueous (and organic) electrolytes for asymmetric electrodes dramatically improved device performance and stability depending upon the electrode combination forming hybrid energy devices. We attribute the observed efficient performance of these hybrid devices induced by hybridized and emergent redox chemistries of merged electrode materials and dynamical processes at the electrode-electrolyte interfaces (intrinsic electroactivity, optimized double-layer and quantum capacitance) which play multiple roles. These energy devices are commercially relevant due to their potential viability in future hybrid electric vehicles, smart electric grids, electrocatalytic fuel production, space (micro-satellites), and miniaturized flexible electronic and wearable biomedical devices.

Fiber-integrated hybrid achromatic microlenses by combined femtosecond laser 3D printing

Compact achromats for visible wavelengths are crucial for miniaturized and lightweight full-color endoscopes. Emerging femtosecond laser 3D printing technology offers new possibilities for enhancing the optical performance of miniature imaging lenses on fibers. In this work, we combine refractive and diffractive elements with complementary dispersive properties to create thin, high-performance hybrid achromatic lenses within the visible spectrum, avoiding the use of different optical materials. Using a fiber-integrated hybrid achromatic lens array, clear images are captured across different wavelengths. The fabrication process is carried out using femtosecond laser direct writing (DLW) assisted by femtosecond projection lithography based on a digital micromirror device (DMD). Our work is expected to significantly contribute to the advancement of integrated and miniaturized biomedical imaging devices.

Porous Iron Anodes for High-Performance Hybrid Battery-Electrolyzer System

The demand for clean and efficient energy storage solutions has driven research towards advanced electrochemical devices utilizing abundant, low-cost materials. Hybrid battery-electrolyzers, combining battery and electrolyzer functionalities, offer a promising path for improved energy conversion and storage. [1] Iron, with its high-capacity, wide availability, and low cost, emerges as a potential anode material for these systems. [2,3]This study investigates the fabrication and performance of a novel, porous iron anode specifically designed for hybrid battery-electrolyzers. The optimized electrode exhibits superior capacity, enhanced mass transport properties, and increased surface area, leading to improved overall performance. The electrode's dual-porosity structure facilitates efficient electrolyte penetration and hydrogen bubble removal, addressing limitations of traditional electrodes.Extensive characterization techniques (SEM, XRD, EIS, CV, and cycling tests) confirm superior electrochemical properties, including enhanced specific capacity, faster charge/discharge kinetics, and extended cycle life compared to conventional iron anodes. Incorporation of conducting nanocarbon and optimized sintering at 800 °C yields stable electrodes with exceptional capacity exceeding 500 mAh/g (Fe⁰ to Fe²⁺ discharge). Furthermore, the electrodes achieve high porosity (65 %) with two pore size ranges (50-100 μm and 2-5 μm), leading to excellent current rate performance (350 mAh/cm² at 35 mA/cm² and 245 mAh/cm² at 50 mA/cm²). Additionally, they demonstrate superior charge-rate performance with 98 % charging efficiency at 4C. Remarkably, the optimized iron electrodes showcase outstanding electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance at high current densities (HER potential of 1.25 V and 1.50 V at 200 mA/cm² and 1000 mA/cm², respectively).These findings highlight the promise of porous iron electrodes as a key component for high-performance and cost-effective hybrid battery-electrolyzer systems. Integration of such advanced materials paves the way for advancements in energy storage and green hydrogen technology, promoting the development of efficient and sustainable energy solutions.

(Invited) Agricultural Waste Derived Anodes for Lithium and Sodium Ion Batteries

Hard or turbostratic carbon anodes are most often derived from thermolysis of biomass in oxygen free environments and considerable data has been accrued to suggest that low specific surface area HC offers the most stable materials for lithiation and sodiation. As part of our efforts to valorize rice hull ash (RHA, 90 wt % SiO2/8 wt % C), produced in 150k ton/yr in the U.S. alone; we learned to first distillatively remove excess SiO2 to produce silica depleted RHA or SDRHA40-70 (40-70 wt.% SiO2).1 The resulting materials are nanocomposites of carbon and SiO2 intermixed at nm length scales.2 The SDRHA carbon can be used as a reductant, and because of the very small diffusion distances, SDRHAxxcan be carbothermally reduced to electronics grade silicon (SiPV, 5’9’s purity)3 or SiC (Ar) or Si2N2O (90N2/10H2) or Si3N4 (N2) at much lower temperatures (1250°-1500 °C)4 than those used to produce the same materials commercially and at higher purities. At certain ratios, HC is a coproduct also intimately mixed with the major silicon containing material.We have previously found that SiC/HC mixtures can serve as anode materials (coin cells) offering capacities of ≈ 950 mAh/g after long term cycling. This usually is with HC contents of just 10-15 wt. %. In this talk we explore increasing the ratio of HC:SiC via carbothermal reduction of lower wt. % SiO2:C ratios in SDRHA40 to assess the effects on LIB capacity and rates of change and as time permits, sodium ion battery (NIB) properties. References (1) Laine, R. M.; Furgal, J. C.; Doan, P.; Pan, D.; Popova, V.; Zhang, X. Avoiding Carbothermal Reduction: Distillation of Alkoxysilanes from Biogenic, Green, and Sustainable Sources. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2016, 55 1065–1069. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201506838.(2) Mengjie Yu; Eleni Temeche; Richard M. Laine. M. Yu, E. Temeche, R. M. Laine, Methods of Adjusting Carbon and Silica Content in Rice Hull Ash (RHA) Byproducts to Control Carbothermal Reduction Forming Nanostructured Silicon Car-Bide, Silicon Nitride, Silicon Oxynitride Nanocomposites,” Provisional Patent Application Filed Sept. 5, 2020.(3) Marchal, J. C.; Krug III, D. J.; McDonnell, P.; Sun, K.; Laine, R. M. A Low Cost, Low Energy Route to Solar Grade Silicon from Rice Hull Ash (RHA), a Sustainable Source. Green Chem. 2015, 17 (7), 3931–3940. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5GC00622H.(4) Temeche, Eleni; Yu, Mengjie; Laine, R. M. Silica Depleted Rice Hull Ash (SDRHA), an Agricultural Waste, as a High-Performance Hybrid Lithium-Ion Capacitor. Green Chemistry 2020, 22, 4656–4668.

Rational design of hierarchical reduced graphene oxide/Ni(OH)2 heterojunction with long cycle life for high-performance hybrid supercapacitors

As a promising electrode material for supercapacitors, Ni(OH)2 is very attractive owing to its superior theoretical specific capacitance; however, its inferior cycling stability remains a barrier. Herein, we constructed a reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/Ni(OH)2 heterojunction via a facile electrostatic self-assembly route, in which Ni(OH)2 nanoflakes were planted on the surface of the rGO substrate, resulting in an increased specific surface area and accelerated electron/ion transport while inheriting the outstanding cycling stability of rGO. The optimal rGO/Ni(OH)2 electrode afforded a great specific capacitance of 2251.6 F/g at 2 A/g and a remarkable cycling stability of ∼104.9 % after 5000 cycles. The rGO/Ni(OH)2//activated carbon hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) achieved an outstanding energy density of 35.4 Wh/kg at 775 W/kg and a cycling durability of ∼98.8 % after 10,000 cycles. Furthermore, two HSCs were connected in series to light 27 parallel red LEDs for more than 210 s, exhibiting enormous application prospects in supercapacitors.

A high-performance hybrid wind energy harvester based on a bidirectional acceleration structure

A high-performance hybrid wind energy harvester based on a bidirectional acceleration structure