Electrode Material For High-performance Supercapacitors Research Articles

Enriched performance of practical device assisted asymmetric supercapacitor: NiO/Co3O4 intercalated with rGO nanocomposite electrodes

In this present report, we developed high performance supercapacitor electrode material of NiO/Co3O4/rGO ternary nanocomposites synthesized by a hydrothermal method with a different nickel and cobalt molar proportions. The phase formation, surface morphology and elemental information studies of binary NiO/Co3O4 and ternary NiO/Co3O4/rGO nanocomposites were investigated. The electrochemical investigations of the binary and ternary nanocomposites electrodes have been examined. Compare with various molar proportions, the ternary NiO/Co3O4(1,3)/rGO nanocomposites shows an extraordinary capacitance value of 980 Fg−1 at 1 Ag−1 as well as robust cycle life (cyclic retention of 92 % over the 5000 cycles at 10 Ag−1). In 0–1.4 V, an asymmetric supercapacitor attained a specific capacitance of 87.2 Fg−1 and large power density (1396.3 W/kg) with extreme energy density (23.7 Wh/kg). Moreover, assembled device reveals a great rate capability (89 % over the 5000 cycles in the electrolyte of PVA-KOH). The ternary electrode has high capacitance, capacitance retention and large energy density due to NiO and Co3O4 nanoparticles being intercalated with the high surface of rGO, as well as the synergetic effect of NiO/Co3O4 and rGO.

Harnessing the potential of NiMn2O4 nanoparticle: a next-generation supercapacitor electrode material

This research addresses the pressing demand to enhance energy density and power in energy storage devices, including batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors. Here, NiMn2O4 is synthesized using the urea combustion method. Characterization techniques, including powder x-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and BET analysis, are employed to investigate its properties. The diffraction peaks showed that NMO had a face-centered tetragonal structure, and the Scherrer equation was used to figure out the average crystallite size (t) as 8.73 nm. Its electrochemical behavior is extensively evaluated through cyclic voltammetry and galvanic charge–discharge measurements. The findings indicate that the fabricated NiMn2O4 electrodes exhibited remarkable specific capacitance and exceptional cycling stability, retaining 97% of their initial performance over 10000 cycles. The specific capacitance of the electrode from GCD was obtained 80 F g−1 at a current density of 0.25 A g–1. This study highlights the potential of NiMn2O4 as an electrode material for high-performance electrochemical supercapacitors, offering a viable solution for advancing energy storage technologies.

Synthesis of high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials by hydrothermal route based on ZnSe/MnSe composite

The energy crises have emerged in the contemporary period due to the rapid expansion of industry. The expansion of high-capacity storage systems that can operate independently and use renewable energy is essential. The pseudocapacitors are known for their excellent anode properties, which contribute to high specific capacitance (Cs). Transition metal selenide (TMS) has arisen as a highly promising choice for anode materials in supercapacitor (SCs) devices, owing to its noteworthy conductivity and storage capacity. In the current investigation, the simple hydrothermal approach was utilized to achieve the successful synthesis of the binary ZnSe@MnSe (ZS@MS) composite for electrode material. However, crystallinity of ZS@MS composite indicates its potential for utilization as an electrode in supercapacitor (SCs) applications. Moreover, ZS@MS electrode revealed remarkable specific capacitance (Cs) of 1439.98 F g−1 in electrochemical performance. In addition, ZS@MS electrode exhibits a high energy density (Ed) of 56.17 Wh kg−1 and power density (Pd) 265 W kg−1 at 1 A g−1. Moreover, ZS@MS electrode demonstrates stable behavior and exceptional cyclic stability over 5000th cycles. Fabricated ZS@MS electrode material possesses more electrochemical properties than pure materials, making it highly promising for supercapacitors (SCs) and other energy storage-related applications.

ZIF-67 and titania derived quaternary composites as electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitor

In this research work, three quaternary composites TZ-700 (Co3O4/TiO2/Co/NGC@700), TZ-800 (Co3O4/TiO2/Co/NGC@800), and TZ-900 (Co3O4/TiO2/Co/NGC@900) have been synthesized from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as electrode materials for supercapacitors. The electrochemical behavior of the prepared electrodes from TZ-700, TZ-800, and TZ-900 composites is evaluated in three different aqueous electrolytic media 1 M KOH, 1 M H2SO4, and 1 M Na2SO4. Among all the electrodes and electrolytic solutions, TZ-900 electrode exhibits the highest specific capacitance of 1617F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g in acidic media (1 M H2SO4). These results are further inconsistent with the electrochemical surface area (ECSA) findings where TZ-900 shows the highest ECSA of 1260.50 cm2. Also, a capacitive contribution of 92 % is observed for TZ-900 in 1 M H2SO4, through Dunn’s method. The Rs (5.78) and Rct (8.51 Ω) values for TZ-900 in an acidic medium also prove it the best electrode material amongst other electrodes and electrolytes. The cyclic stability of the TZ-900 electrode when tested over 10,000 cycles shows a specific capacitance retention of 84 % at a current density of 10 A/g, making TZ-900 composite as a competent electrode material for supercapacitor applications.

Discarded Perseaamericana leaf-derived natural O, Mg, and Ca self-doped activated carbon and its applications as electrode materials for high-performance symmetric supercapacitors

Recently, there has been growing research interest in the fabrication of heteroatom-doped porous carbon from biomass. Herein, natural O, Mg, and Ca self-doped activated carbon was fabricated from discarded Persea americanaleaves via a one-step route strategy. By varying the carbonization temperature (500, 600, 700, and 800 °C), the as-fabricated DPAL-AC exhibits a high surface area (875.775 m2/g) and rich natural O, Mg, and Ca heteroatoms composition. The symmetric device product (DPAL-AC700) exhibits a high gravimetric capacitance of 209 F/gat 1 A/g. In addition, the device delivered an energy density of 28.4 Wh/kg at a power density of 135.5 W/kg. This work presents a novel approach to producing self-doped activated carbon with natural heteroatoms, which can enhance the performance of symmetric supercapacitors.

Meso-Microporous Carbon Nanofibrous Aerogel Electrode Material with Fluorine-Treated Wood Biochar for High-Performance Supercapacitor.

A supercapacitor is an electrical energy storage system with high power output. With worldwide awareness of sustainable development, developing cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and high-performance supercapacitors is an important research direction. The use of sustainable components like wood biochar in the electrode materials for supercapacitor uses holds great promise for sustainable supercapacitor development. In this study, we demonstrated a facile and powerful approach to prepare meso-microporous carbon electrode materials for sustainable and high-performance supercapacitor development by electrospinning polyacrylonitrile (PAN) with F-treated biochar and subsequent aerogel construction followed by stabilization, carbonization, and carbon activation. The resultant carbon nanofibrous aerogel electrode material (ENFA-FBa) exhibited exceptional specific capacitance, attributing to enormously increased micropore and mesopore volumes, much more activated sites to charge storage, and significantly greater electrochemical interaction with electrolyte. This electrode material achieved a specific capacitance of 407 F/g at current density of 0.5 A/g in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte, which outperformed the state-of-the-art specific capacitance of biochar-containing electrospun carbon nanofibrous aerogel electrode materials (<300 F/g). A symmetric two-electrode cell with ENFA-FBa as electrode material showed an energy density of 11.2 Wh/kg at 125 W/kg power density. Even after 10,000 cycles of charging-discharging at current density of 10 A/g, the device maintained a consistent coulombic efficiency of 53.5% and an outstanding capacitance retention of 91%. Our research pointed out a promising direction to develop sustainable electrode materials for future high-performance supercapacitors.

Nickel-cobalt layer double hydroxide @ lignin-based hollow carbon quasi core-shell structure for high-performance supercapacitors

The physicochemical properties of an advanced supercapacitor electrode material can be co-tailored by incorporating various active materials into a hierarchical micro-/nano-architecture with a core-shell structure. Herein, we presented the development of high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials of quasi core-shell architectures based on nickel-cobalt layered double hydroxides supported on lignin-based hollow carbon (NiCoLDH@LHC) nanocomposites. The synthesis involves a novel approach combining enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL) as a carbon source and magnesium oxide (MgO) as a template, utilizing evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) followed by carbonization. The manipulation of the mass ratio of NiCoLDH/LHC can induce alterations in its apparent morphology, stratified porosity, and active site, thereby an influence on its electrochemical performance. The optimal NiCoLDH@LHC90 nanocomposites display a unique flower-like spherical structure with open pores, a substantial specific surface area (SSA), and numerous electrochemically active sites. In addition, the density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that the higher density of Ni3+/Co3+ cations induced by the incorporation of LHC can increase the conductivity of NiCoLDH materials. Notably, these nanocomposites exhibit a remarkable specific capacitance of up to 640 C g−1 at 1 A g−1, with exceptional cycling stability (93.66% retention over 10,000 cycles). Furthermore, an assembled NiCoLDH@LHC90//LHC asymmetric supercapacitor demonstrates an impressive energy density (power density) of 35.44 Wh kg−1 (200.01 W kg−1). The physicochemical properties of an advanced supercapacitor electrode material can be finely tuned by incorporating various active materials into a hierarchical micro-/nano-architecture with a core-shell structure.

Mn-doped nickel–cobalt sulfides as bifunctional electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors and electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reactions

The development of active electrode materials with dual functions of energy storage and electrocatalyst is important for future energy storage and energy conversion devices. In this work, manganese-doped nickel cobalt sulfide (Mn-NCS) mesoporous microspheres were prepared via a simple two-step solvent-thermal method and the effects of different Mn2+ doping levels on the electrochemical properties and hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) of the prepared samples were investigated. As a supercapacitor electrode material, optimized Mn0.5-NCS had a maximum specific capacitance of 1175 C g−1 at a current density of 1 A/g and remained an outstanding capacitance retention rate of 81 % at a current density of 20 A/g. The asymmetric supercapacitor was assembled with the optimal electrode material as the positive electrode and activated carbon as the negative electrode, and a high energy density of 55.4Wh kg−1 was achieved at a power density of 797 W kg−1. The Mn0.5-NCS exhibited the best HER performance in alkaline electrolyte, shown as the lowest overpotential of 95 mV and the smallest Tafel slope of 71 mV dec−1 at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. Experimental tests and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that manganese preferentially occupies nickel sites and acted as an electron donor in the electrochemical process to realize the electron redistribution, increasing electron density and accelerating charge transfer. The results indicated that manganese-doped nickel–cobalt sulfides have great potential as bifunctional electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors and HER.

Revealing the key factors determining Ni(OH)2's electrochemical performance and hereby establishing a carbon shell-protected structure as high-performance electrode material for supercapacitors

Ni(OH)2 as a typical battery-type electrode material has the advantage of high theoretical specific capacity. However, its prominent disadvantages as for extremely low cycling stability and poor rate-performance seriously undermines its reputation as a promising electrode material of supercapacitors. We believe that the key factors of determining its electrochemical performance is still unclear, thus leading to the limited performance promotion by the so far microstructure-engineering strategies. In this work, we try to reveal the key factors determining Ni(OH)2's electrochemical performance by investigating the electrochemical behaviors of α-Ni(OH)2 and β-Ni(OH)2 with or without carbon shell prepared by a homologous mode. The results indicate that α-Ni(OH)2 and β-Ni(OH)2 have the identical electrochemical activity, and both follow the one-electron transfer mechanism. The structure damage of α-Ni(OH)2 is caused by two behaviors including dissolution-precipitation and dissolution-recrystallization, while that of β-Ni(OH)2 is induced just by the dissolution-recrystallization behavior. It is found that the structure damage caused by dissolution-precipitation behavior is inevitable and that caused by the dissolution-recrystallization behavior can be completely suppressed by the carbon shell. Based on the revealed key factors, the established carbon shell-protected β-Ni(OH)2 presents the extremely high cycling stability and promoted electrochemical performance. In view of this, we believe that this is the most possible solution for the issues of Ni(OH)2.

High specific capacitance and NTC behavior of substituted cobalt oxide spinels for electrochemical supercapacitor and thermistor applications

Due to the growing importance of low-cost energy storage devices in smart device applications, finding an appropriate electrode material with the least self-discharging, high power, and energy densities is the need of the hour. In this paper, Cu and Mn-modified Co3O4 spinels in the form of CuCo2O4 and MnCo2O4 are reported as the most promising electrode materials for high-performance electrochemical supercapacitors. Modified Co3O4 spinels were prepared by the co-precipitation technique, and the X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies show a single-phase formation with cubic crystal symmetry. The average crystallite size estimated by considering the highest intensity peak of the diffraction pattern using Scherrer’s relation shows the average crystallite size below 30 nm for reported spinels. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images stabilize the fact that grains with nanosizes consisting of regular shapes and excellent morphological features. The dc-conductivity measurement establishes the essence of negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) behavior in nanostructured spinels. The specific capacitance (Cs) of CuCo2O4 and MnCo2O4 estimated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) was found to be 616.074 F g−1 and 1401.16 F g−1 for a scan rate of 10 mV s−1 with verified stability up to 1000 cycles. The low internal resistance value in the range of 0.1 Ω for both the spinels verified by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) graph confirms these spinels as encouraging electrode materials for electrochemical supercapacitors.

Exploring the potential of reduced graphene oxide/polyaniline (rGO@PANI) nanocomposites for high-performance supercapacitor application

This study introduces a facile synthesis method for synthesizing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets with surface decoration of polyaniline (PANI). The resultant rGO@PANI nanocomposite (NC) exhibit substantial potential as advanced electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors. The strategic integration of PANI onto the rGO surface serves dual purposes, effectively mitigating agglomeration of rGO films and augmenting their utility in supercapacitor applications. The PANI coating manifests a highly porous and nanosized morphology, fostering increased surface area and optimized mass transport by reducing diffusion kinetics. The nanosized structure of PANI contributes to the maximization of active sites, thereby bolstering the efficacy of the nanocomposites for diverse applications. The inherent conductive nature of the rGO surface significantly expedites electron transport, thereby amplifying the overall electrochemical performance of the nanocomposites. To systematically evaluate the influence of PANI concentration on the electrode performance, varying concentrations of PANI were incorporated. Notably, an elevated PANI concentration was found to enhance the response owing to the unique morphology of PANI. Remarkably, the 5 % rGO@PANI NC emerged as the most promising candidate, demonstrating exceptional response characteristics with a specific capacitance of 314.2 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g. Furthermore, this catalyst exhibits outstanding long-term stability, retaining approximately 92 % of its capacitance even after enduring 4000 cycles. This research underscores the significance of the synergistic integration of rGO and PANI in the design of high-performance supercapacitors. The elucidation of the underlying mechanisms governing the improved electrochemical properties contributes to the fundamental understanding of nanocomposite behavior, thereby paving the way for the rational design of next-generation energy storage materials.

Correction to: Facile synthesis of plate-like copper sulfide powder as an electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors

Correction to: Facile synthesis of plate-like copper sulfide powder as an electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors

PEDOT/ZnO@Nickel foam as flexible electrode material for high-performance supercapacitor

PEDOT/ZnO@Nickel foam as flexible electrode material for high-performance supercapacitor

Sustainable energy storage: Mangifera indica leaf waste-derived activated carbon for long-life, high-performance supercapacitors.

Biomass waste-derived activated carbon has a wide range of applications, including air and water purification, gas separation, energy storage, and catalysis. This material has become increasingly popular in recent years as a result of the growing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly materials. In this study, Mangifera indica leaf waste-derived activated carbon has been investigated as an electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors. The dried Mangifera indica leaves were first carbonized using FeCl3 and then activated using KOH to increase their surface area and pore structure at different temperatures. The activated carbon prepared at 725 °C has shown a high specific capacitance of 521.65 F g-1 at a current density of 0.5 A g-1 and also achieved an energy density of 17.04 W h kg-1 at a power density of 242.50 W kg-1 in the 6 M KOH electrolyte. Significantly, it has demonstrated remarkable electrochemical cycling stability, retaining 96.60% of its initial capacity even after undergoing 10 001 cycles at a scan rate of 500 mV s-1. The superior electrochemical performance of the activated carbon can be attributed to its high surface area of 1232.63 m2 g-1, well-distributed pore size, and excellent degree of graphitization, which all facilitate the rapid diffusion of ions and enhance the accessibility of the electrolyte to the electrode surface. Hence, this study provides a promising route for utilizing waste biomass as a low-cost, sustainable electrode material for energy storage devices.

Chemical synthesis and super capacitance performance of novel CuO@Cu4O3/rGO/PANI nanocomposite electrode.

Copper oxide-based nanocomposites are promising electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors due to their unique properties that aid electrolyte access and ion diffusion to the electrode surface. Herein, a facile and low-cost synthesis in situ strategy based on co-precipitation and incorporation processes of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), followed by in situ oxidative polymerization of aniline monomer has been reported. CuO@Cu4O3/rGO/PANI nanocomposite revealed the good distribution of CuO@Cu4O3 and rGO within the polymer matrix which allows improved electron transport and ion diffusion process. Galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) results displayed a higher specific capacitance value of 508 F g-1 for CuO@Cu4O3/rGO/PANI at 1.0 A g-1 in comparison to the pure CuO@Cu4O3 278 F g-1. CuO@Cu4O3/rGO/PANI displays an energy density of 23.95 W h kg-1 and power density of 374 W kg-1 at the current density of 1 A g-1 which is 1.8 times higher than that of CuO@Cu4O3 (13.125 W h kg-1) at the same current density. The retention of the electrode was 93% of its initial capacitance up to 5000 cycles at a scan rate of 100 mV s-1. The higher capacitance of the CuO@Cu4O3/rGO/PANI electrode was credited to the formation of a fibrous network structure and rapid ion diffusion paths through the nanocomposite matrix that resulted in enhanced surface-dependent electrochemical properties.

Binder-free MoSe/MMSe composite and onion-derived activated carbon electrode materials for high-performance hybrid supercapacitors

MoSe/MMSe composite electrode materials were prepared on Ni foam via a facile hydrothermal technique. The composite electrode showed superior electrochemical performanc with ultra-long cycling stability.

Rice Straw-Derived Carbon Integrated with PANI as an Electrode Material for High-performance Supercapacitor

A novel composite electrode material has been synthesized using in-situ chemical polymerization of aniline over the surface of rice straw-derived carbon (RSC). The detailed structural characterization validates the effective incorporation of granular polyaniline (PANI) over the RSC surface. The supercapacitor performance of the RSC@PANI electrode was systematically investigated and achieved as high as specific capacitance of 408 Fg-1 at a current density of 1 Ag-1. Moreover, RSC@PANI shows 93% capacitance retention after 1000 cycles at a current density 10 Ag-1. Apart from its outstanding electrochemical performance, the resulting RSC@PANI electrode exhibits exceptional characteristics such as scalability and lightweight properties. This study contributes valuable insights into the synthesis and characterization of RSC@PANI as a promising electrode material for supercapacitors.

Intercalation of C60 into MXene Multilayers: A Promising Approach for Enhancing the Electrochemical Properties of Electrode Materials for High-Performance Energy Storage Applications.

In this study, we report on the enhancement of the electrochemical properties of MXene by intercalating C60 nanoparticles between its layers. The aim was to increase the interlayer spacing of MXene, which has a direct effect on capacitance by allowing the electrolyte flow in the electrode. To achieve this, various concentrations of Ti3SiC2 (known as MXene) and C60 nanocomposites were prepared through a hydrothermal process under optimal conditions. The resulting composites were characterized by using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. Electrodes were fabricated using different concentrations of MXene and C60 nanocomposites, and current-voltage (I-V) measurements were performed at various scan rates to analyze the capacitance of pseudo supercapacitors. The results showed the highest capacitance of 348 F g1- for the nanocomposite with a composition of 90% MXene and 10% C60. We introduce MXene-C60 composites as promising electrode materials for supercapacitors and highlight their unique properties. Our work provides a new approach to designing high-performance electrode materials for supercapacitors, which can have significant implications for the development of efficient energy storage systems.

Construction of novel dual Z-scheme heterojunction of ternary CdS/g-C3N4/NiFe2O4 magnetically retrievable nanocomposite for boosted photocatalytic and energy storage applications

A novel CdS/g-C3N4/NiFe2O4 (CGN) ternary nanocomposite photocatalyst was rationally developed via a simple wet-impregnation technique. Looking at the band structure of the components of the catalyst, a novel dual Z-scheme heterojunction can be successfully developed, generating more active sites that rapidly encourage the separation of the photo-generated species, contributes to preventing the aggregation of the synthesized nanocomposite, and enhance the light absorption efficiency. Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) was photocatalytically degraded by the nanocomposite in the presence of visible light to assess its photocatalytic effectiveness. The CGN 2 ternary nanocomposite had the maximum photocatalytic activity (96 %) if compared to the other prepared photocatalysts, as the rate of degradation of pure CdS, CdS/g-C3N4, CGN 1, and CGN 3 nanocomposites were only around 53.4, 85, 87.5, and 92 %, respectively, keeping the irradiation time. Based on trapping tests, •OH, •O2− and h+ radicals are the main active species that play a vital role in the photocatalytic oxidation process. Even after the fourth cycle, the CGN 2 composite remained efficient in the successive photocatalytic degradation of RBBR , maintaining over 91 % of its first degradation efficiency. The CdS/g-C3N4/NiFe2O4 nanocomposite revealed outstanding cycling stability due to its inherent magnetic property, making it a promising choice as a visible light photocatalyst. The electrochemical energy-storage behavior of CGN 2 as active electrode material exhibited a remarkable specific capacitance of 195 F g−1 (67 C g−1) at 1 A g−1. It delivered an outstanding cycling stability of 91 % capacity retention after 2000 charge–discharge cycles. The obtained remarkable results indicate that the CGN 2 nanocomposite is a promising active electrode material for high-performance energy-storage supercapacitors.

Synthesis of Bi2O3/hierarchical porous carbon composites for supercapacitor application

Bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) is considered a promising electrode material for supercapacitors boasting a high theoretical capacity. Its weak conductivity, limited rate performance, and poor cycling stability have significantly hindered practical applications. In this work, a simple precipitation and calcination method was used to prepare Bi2O3/hierarchical porous carbon composite materials (Bi2O3/N-HPC). The biomass-derived hierarchical porous carbon precursor was prepared through a process involving nitrogen doping and chemical activation. Comprehensive physical and chemical structure characterization results showed that a large number of spherical Bi2O3 particles were dispersed on the surface of the carbon material, providing numerous active sites for electrochemical reactions. The nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous carbon scaffold provided rapid pathways for charge transfer and restricted the aggregation of Bi2O3 particles. As an electrode material in a 6 M KOH electrolyte, Bi2O3/N-HPC exhibited a specific capacitance of 684.9 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1, and even at an increased current density of 20 A g−1, the specific capacitance remained at 500.0 F g−1. After 10,000 cycles of charge and discharge, the capacitance retention rate of the Bi2O3/N-HPC electrode reached 85.2 %. This research offers a promising pathway for the development of high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials.