High Performance Concrete Beams Research Articles

Steel Fibre Reinforced High Performance Concrete Beam under Half Cyclic Loading

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Design Method of Shear Resistance of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced High Performance Concrete Deep Beams

In order to study the shear resistance and design method of hybrid fiber (steel fiber and polypropylene fiber) reinforced high performance concrete deep beams, the shear tests were conducted according to the orthogonal experimental design. The contributory factors such as the characteristic parameters of steel fiber (types, volume fraction, aspect ratio), the volume fraction of polypropylene fiber, the ratio of web horizontal reinforcement and the ratio of web vertical reinforcement were analyzed. Results illuminate that shear failure mode of hybrid fiber reinforced HPC deep beams are splitting failure and diagonal compression failure. Hybrid fiber can notably increase the diagonal cracking strength and shear strength of HPC deep beams. The diagonal cracking strength is increased by 5.6%~83.8% while the shear strength is increased by15.6%~35.2%. A formula to calculate the shear resistance of hybrid fiber reinforced HPC deep beams is put forward based on spatial strut-and-tie mode and splitting failure. Meantime test verification is carried out and the calculated results are satisfied.

EFFECT OF FIBERS TYPE ON FLEXURAL BEHAVIOR OF HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE BEAMS UNDER REPEATED LOAD

The need of high performance concrete HPC is increasing in the recent years. This material becomes necessary, but it is brittle. So, fibers are used to enhance mechanical properties of HPC. The enhanced properties include tensile strength, compressive strength, elastic modulus, crack resistance, crack control, durability, fatigue life, resistance to impact and abrasion, shrinkage, expansion, thermal characteristic, and fire resistance of concrete. The main objective of this research is to study the effect of using Harex, polypropylene and glass fibers on flexural behavior of High performance concrete beams under static and repeated loads.

Behaviour of hybrid fibre reinforced concrete beam–column joints under reverse cyclic loads

An experimental investigation was carried out to study the effect of hybrid fibres on the strength and behaviour of High performance concrete beam column joints subjected to reverse cyclic loads. A total of 12 reinforced concrete beams column joints were cast and tested in the present investigation. High performance concrete of M60 grade was designed using the modified ACI method suggested by Aïtcin. Crimped steel fibres and polypropylene fibres were used in hybrid form. The main variables considered were the volume fraction of (i) crimped steel fibres viz. 0.5% (39.25kg/m3) and 1.0% (78.5kg/m3) and (ii) polypropylene fibres viz. 0.1% (0.9kg/m3), 0.15% (1.35kg/m3), and 0.2% (1.8kg/m3). Addition of fibres in hybrid form improved many of the engineering properties such as the first crack load, ultimate load and ductility factor of the composite. The combination of 1% (78.5kg/m3) volume fraction of steel fibres and 0.15% (1.35kg/m3) volume fraction of polypropylene fibres gave better performance with respect to energy dissipation capacity and stiffness degradation than the other combinations.

Ductility and Deformation Performance of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced High Performance Concrete Shear Deep Beams

The shear tests were made on 18 different groups of deep beams with steel fiber and polypropylene fiber according to the orthogonal experimental design. For comparison, 2 groups of high performance concrete deep beams without fiber were conducted. Shear ductility and deformation performance of deep beams were analyzed quantitatively. Results illuminate that failure mode of high performance concrete shear deep beam is splitting failure, while hybrid fiber reinforced HPC shear deep beam has two failure modes (splitting failure and diagonal compression failure). The mixing of hybrid fiber makes rigidity of HPC deep beam increase obviously, the strain of web horizontal reinforcement and web vertical reinforcement decrease significantly. The catastrophe of strain of cracked concrete is also obviously smaller and the descending step of loaddeflection curve is flatter when adding hybrid fiber. Hybrid fiber can greatly increase shear ductility of deep beams and shear ductility is at the most increased by 40.7% whereas it can not change the brittleness of shear damage radically. The volume fraction of steel fiber plays the most important role in shear ductility whereas the shape of steel fiber has minimum effect among analyzed six factors.

Reinforcement and Fiber to Induce Ductile Behavior of Ultra High Performance Steel Fiber Concrete

To induce the ductile behavior of ultra high performance concrete beams, the experiments to find out the best composition of volume fraction of steel fiber and ratio of reinforcement bar were carried out. 15 UHPC beams which have various combinations of volume fraction of steel fiber and ratio of reinforcement bar. The reinforcement bars was consist of 2×1, 3×3, 4×4, 5×4. The volume fractions of steel fibers were 0%, 0.7%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%. The beam which has 0% volume fraction with the close placement reinforcement bar has little effect on ductile behavior. At least 0.7% volume fraction with the close placement reinforcement bar guarantees the ductile behavior of UHPC beam.

Serviceability limit states of high performance reinforced concrete beams with hybrid fibre

The article presents the results of research and analysis of reinforced high performance concrete beams with steel and polypropylene fibres at service load. The beams were bent in the 4-point model. Research was carried out for three different rectangular reinforced concrete beams in terms of the quantity and the type of reinforcement. The beam B1 was constructed conventionally with reinforced steel rods. The beams B2 and B3, instead of the compressive rods and the stirrups the fibre reinforcement of variable fibre volume percentage was applied. In the tests a non-contact system for three-dimensional measurements of deformation – ARAMIS was used. The analysis of the behaviour of the beams under static load for serviceability was based on: images of cracks, strain and force – displacement curves.

Shear behavior of reinforced HPC beams made of a low cement content without shear reinforcements

High-performance concrete (HPC) usually has higher paste and lower coarse aggregate volumes than normal concrete. The lower aggregate content of HPC can affect the shear capacity of concrete members due to the formation of smooth fractured surfaces and the subsequent development of weak interface shear transfer. Therefore, an experimental investigation was conducted to study the shear strength and cracking behavior of full-scale reinforced beams made with low-cement-content high-performance concrete (LcHPC) as well as conventional HPC. A total of fourteen flexural reinforced concrete (RC) beams without shear reinforcements were tested under a two-point load until shear failure occurred. The primary design variables included the cement content, the shear span to effective depth ratio (a/d), and the tensile steel ratio (w). The results indicate that LcHPC beams show comparable behaviors in crack and ultimate shear strength as compared with conventional HPC beams. Overall, the shear strength of LcHPC beams was found to be larger than that of corresponding HPC beams, particularly for an a/d value of 1.5. In addition, the crack and ultimate shear strength increased as a/d decreased or w increased for both LcHPC beams and HPC beams. This investigation established that LcHPC is recommendable for structural concrete applications.

Experimental Research on the Ductility of High Performance Concrete Beams

Ductility is important in the design of reinforced concrete structures. In seismic design of reinforced concrete members, it is necessary to allow for relatively large ductility so that the seismic energy is absorbed to avoid shear failure or significant degradation of strength even after yielding of reinforcing steels in the concrete member occurs. This paper aims to present the basic data for the ductility evaluation of reinforced HPC (high performance concrete) beams. Accordingly, 10 flexural tests were conducted on full-scale structural concrete beam specimens having concrete compressive strength of 40, 60, and 70 MPa. The test results were then reviewed in terms of flexural capacity and ductility. The effect of concrete compressive strength, tension steel ratio, and shear span to beam depth ratio on ductility were investigated experimentally.

Experimental Study on Shear Behavior of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced High Performance Concrete Deep Beams

In order to investigate the effect of steel fiber and polypropylene fiber on shear behavior of HPC deep beams, the shear tests were conducted on 18 different groups of deep beams with steel fiber and polypropylene fiber and 2 groups of HPC deep beams without fiber according to the orthogonal experiment. 6 factors, including the shape of steel fiber, the volume fraction of steel fiber, the aspect ratio of steel fiber, the volume fraction of polypropylene fiber, the ratio of web horizontal reinforcement and the ratio of web vertical reinforcement, were compared by direct-viewing analysis. Results illuminate that hybrid fibers greatly increase the diagonal cracking strength and shear strength of HPC deep beams. The aspect ratio of steel fiber plays the most important role in diagonal cracking strength whereas the ratio of web vertical reinforcement has minimum effect. Meanwhile the ratio of web horizontal reinforcement plays the most important role in shear strength whereas the volume fraction of polypropylene fiber has minimum effect. An anti-cracking capacity for inclined section calculation formula and a shear bearing capacity calculation formula for hybrid fiber reinforced HPC deep beams are put forward based on current code. Meantime test verification is carried out and the calculated results are satisfied.

Concurrent flexural strength and deformability design of high-performance concrete beams

In the design of earthquake resistant reinforced concrete (RC) structures, both flexural strength and deformability need to be considered. However, in almost all existing RC design codes, the design of flexural strength and deformability of RC beams are separated and independent on each other. Therefore, the pros and cons of using high-performance materials on the flexural performance of RC beams are not revealed. From the theoretical results obtained in a previous study on flexural deformability of RC beams, it is seen that the critical design factors such as degree of reinforcement, concrete/steel yield strength and confining pressure would simultaneously affect the flexural strength and deformability. To study the effects of these factors, the previous theoretical results are presented in various charts plotting flexural strength against deformability. Using these charts, a "concurrent flexural strength and deformability design" that would allow structural engineers to consider simultaneously both strength and deformability requirements is developed. For application in real construction practice where concrete strength is usually prescribed, a simpler method of determining the maximum and minimum limits of degree of reinforcement for a particular pair of strength and deformability demand is proposed. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the application of both design methods.

Flexural strength of large-scale ultra high performance concrete prestressed T-beams

The flexural behavior of prestressed ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) beams is investigated in this study. The paper proposes a method for predicting the flexural strength of prestressed UHPC...

Flexural Behavior of Reinforced High-Performance Concrete Beams Made with Steel Slag Coarse Aggregate

In recent years, an emerging technology termed high-performance concrete (HPC) has become popular in construction industry. The constituent materials of HPC depend on the desired characteristics and the availability of suitable local economic alternatives. One of these alternatives is steel slag waste material. It is an industrial by-product waste particles resulted from reinforcing steel bars manufacture, its production is very huge; total quantity produced from all steel rebars manufacture factories in Egypt is nearly million tons/year. HPC made with steel slag aggregate (SSA) is considered as green concrete, using of steel-slag as a coarse aggregate increases the probability of consuming such large accumulations of slag (in HPC industry) which they represent as a waste and polluted material in environment. A total of eight under, balanced and over reinforced concrete beams were fabricated and tested. RC beams were made with HPC having compressive strength of 58.1 and 75.6 MPa and tensile reinforcement ratio in the range of 0.90 to 4.3%. Data presented concentrated on the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of the used new material (SSA) and the flexural behavior of reinforced high-performance concrete beams made with steel slag coarse aggregate (RHPC-SSA) beams. It was observed that the RHPC-SSA beams can give satisfactory structural performance according to the American and Egyptian Building Codes.

Application of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor to Monitor Early Age Deformation of High Performance Concrete

This paper presents a method to monitor the early age properties of high performance concrete (HPC) specimens successfully by embedded fiber bragg grating (FBG) monitoring system. The results show that the deformation increases rapidly within the first 30 hours after HPC casting. And its value is up to 65 µε and 84µε for two specimens respectively. As for the durability and permeability of HPC, early age deformation of HPC is pretty high and can not be neglected. Meanwhile, temperature compensation technique for FBG strain sensor has been put forward, and it is applied to measure early age deformation and temperature of HPC beam in situ simultaneously. The monitoring technique used here can be extended to concrete early age behavior monitoring in mass concrete structure with any size.

Normalised rotation capacity for deformability evaluation of high-performance concrete beams

High-strength concrete (HSC) is becoming more popular in the construction of beams and columns of tall buildings because of its higher stiffness and strength-to-weight ratio. However, as HSC is more brittle than normal-strength concrete (NSC), it may adversely affect the flexural ductility and deformability of concrete members. Extended from a series of theoretical study conducted on flexural ductility of concrete beams, the authors would in this paper investigate the effects of some critical factors including the degree of reinforcement, confining pressure, concrete and steel yield strength on the flexural deformability of NSC and HSC beams. The deformability, expressed herein in terms of normalised rotation capacity defined as the product of ultimate curvature and effective depth, is investigated by a parametric study using nonlinear moment-curvature analysis. From the results, it is evident that the deformability of concrete beams increases as the degree of reinforcement decreases and/or confining pressure increases. However, the effects of concrete and steel yield strength are more complicated and dependent on other factors. Quantitative analysis of all these effects on deformability of beams has been carried out and formulas for direct deformability evaluation are developed. Lastly, the proposed formulas are compared with available test results to verify its applicability.

Structural behavior of ultra high performance concrete beams subjected to bending

Ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) exhibits improved performance compared to conventional concrete. Various experimental tests on structural behavior are of importance in order to establish reasonable design specifications for UHPC. Therefore, this study provides a detailed presentation of experimental test results for the flexural behavior of ultra high performance concrete beams. The experimental parameters included the amount of rebar and the placing method for the UHPC. The flexural behavioral characteristics were examined with respect to test results on UHPC beams with rebar ratios less than 0.02 and steel fibers with a volumetric ratio of 2%. Steel fiber-reinforced UHPC proves to be effective at controlling cracks and exhibits ductile behavior with a ductility index ranging between 1.60 and 3.75. In addition, the method of placing UHPC affects the flexural behavior with regard to the orientation of the steel fibers. The results of this study provide valuable data that can be used in future studies on the development of computational models of the deflection and flexural behavior of UHPC.

BEHAVIOR OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETE BEAMS WITH AND WITHOUT FIBER AS AFFECTED BY RIB GEOMETRY OF REINFORCEMENT BARS

The need of high-performance concrete is increased in the recent years. Using steel of high grade and maximize the benefit of using these material become necessary, but these material were brittle and the failure also were brittle .So, fibers are used to enhance composite properties. The enhanced properties include tensile strength, compressive strength, elastic modulus, crack resistance, crack control, durability, fatigue life, resistance to impact and abrasion, shrinkage, expansion, thermal characteristics, and fire resistance. .There is little information in the available literature about the flexure behavior of high-performance and high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete beams with different rib geometry under partial bond The main objective of this research is to study the effect of rib geometry for steel bars and fibers types on the flexure behavior of high-performance and high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete beams under partial bond, also Pattern of cracks, final mode of failure and deformational characteristics (deflection, slip, concrete strain and slope for beams) were investigated.

BEHAVIOUR OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETE BEAMS AS AFFECTED BY BONDED PART AND RIB GEOMETRY OF MAIN STEEL REINFORCEMENT

The need of high-performance concrete is increased in the recent years. Also using steel of high grade and maximize the benefit of using these material become necessary .So, different ribs are used for enhancing the bond strength between steel reinforcement and high-performance concrete . There is little information in the available literature about the bond characteristics for the different forms of rib geometry of the deformed bars and its effect on behavior of high-performance concrete beams for different relative rib area( αsb ) and development length. The main objective of this research is to study the effect of bonded part and rib geometry of main steel bars on behavior of high-performance concrete beams, also Pattern of cracks, final mode of failure and deformation characteristics (deflection, slip, concrete strain and slope for beams) were investigated.

Experiment research on seismic performance of prestressed steel reinforced high performance concrete beams

Two prestressed steel reinforced high performance concrete (SRC) beams, a nonprestressed SRC beam and a counterpart prestressed concrete beam were tested under low reversed cyclic loading to evaluate seismic performance of prestressed SRC beams. The failure modes, deformation restoring capacity, ductility and energy dissipation capacity of the prestressed SRC beams were discussed. Results showed that due to the effect of plastic deformations of steel beams encased in concrete, the three SRC beams exhibited residual deformation ratios ranging between 0.64 and 0.79, which were apparently higher than that of the prestressed concrete beam (0.33). The ductility coefficients of the prestressed SRC beams and the prestressed concrete beam ranged between 4.65 and 4.87, obviously lower than that of nonprestressed SRC beam (9.09), which indicated the steel beams influenced the ductility little while prestressing resulted in an apparent reduction in ductility. The amount of energy dissipated by the prestressed SRC beams was less than that dissipated by the nonprestressed SRC beam but much more than that dissipated by the prestressed concrete beam.

Experimental determination of the stress evolution in a prebent steel very high-performance concrete beam by means of an active stressmeter

Experimental determination of the stress evolution in a prebent steel very high-performance concrete beam by means of an active stressmeter