Higher Percentage Of Women Research Articles

Indication-based use of low molecular weight heparin during pregnancy: A retrospective study in Northern Greece

Introduction: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a condition with high morbidity and mortality rates and presents as the third leading cause of cardiovascular deaths, globally. During the antenatal period, the risk of VTE occurrence increases, therefore, in pregnant women at high-risk for VTE, the use of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is recommended. This study aimed to investigate the indication-based administration of LMWH in pregnancy. Material and methods: This was a retrospective cohort study (2019-2022) conducted at the Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. All pregnant women at the first trimester of pregnancy were eligible. Their physical characteristics were recorded and information about their personal, familial, gynecological and obstetrical medical history was collected. By utilizing the above characteristics, a score of the risk of developing VTE during pregnancy was calculated for each woman, using the algorithm recommended by the Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists. Results: In total, 2,716 pregnant women were included in the study. Of these, 149 (5.5%) received LMWH throughout their pregnancy with only 2 of them (0.1%) having appropriate indications. Of the women not prescribed LMWH, 2,567 (94.5%), none had an indication for LMWH administration. Notably, 495 (19.3%) women had a history of at least one miscarriage and 89 (59.7%) of them used LMWH, regardless of whether they had an indication or not. Conclusion: There was a high percentage of women with no indication for LMWH who, in fact, received this medication. Physicians should refrain their use following evaluation based on appropriate risk factors.

Abstract B150: Social determinants of health and comorbidities increasing inflammation cytokines related to breast cancer in African American and Latinx women

Abstract Introduction: Comorbidities such as obesity, Type-2 diabetes (T2D), and hypertension (HTN) are highly prevalent among under-resourced African Americans (AA) and Latinx, and they are associated with breast cancer (BC) risks and outcomes. Social determinants of health (SDOH) also have been found related to BC incidence, stage, and survival. In addition, elevated inflammatory cytokines may be an underlying factor in comorbidities that contribute to tumorigenesis and adverse cancer outcomes. Limited research has been conducted to explore the process and associations among SDOH, comorbidities, and inflammation cytokines related to BC. The purpose of this study was to fill this research gap using a sample recruited from AA and Latinx communities. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in South LA. A total of 570 AA and Latinx women with or without BC were recruited. A panel of 19 cytokines from serum samples were measured by Luminex assay. Demographic information, body mass index, comorbidities, and diagnosis/stage of BC were collected from patients’ medical records. SDOH factors were selected from the social vulnerability index (e.g., percentage of persons in poverty, unemployed, with no high school diploma) obtained through Geographic Information Systems. Chi-square tests, independent sample Mann-Whitney U tests, and Cox regression were employed to examine the associations between BC diagnosis/stages, comorbidities, and cytokines. Path analyses were adopted to further explore the associations between SDOH, comorbidities, and cytokines. Results: Among the 570 women, 45.79% had a diagnosis of BC. Over half (50.97%) had ER/PR+, HER2-, and 27.80% had triple negative BC. Results from Chi-square tests showed that a higher percentage of women with obesity (p=.001), HTN (p<.0001), and T2D (p=.024) had a BC diagnosis than those without the comorbidity. Women with obesity had significantly higher levels of Leptin, VEGFα, and MIP1b; women with HTN had significantly higher levels of VEGFα and MIP1b; and women with T2D had significantly higher levels of Leptin and TGFβ1/β2. Leptin was found significantly higher in ER/PR+ BC (p<.0001) and VEGFα was significantly higher in triple negative BC (p=.001). Increasing VEGFα and TGFβ1/β2 reduced BC disease-free survival significantly. The path model showed community poverty and education level did not affect TGFβ1/β2 directly but were indirectly associated with them through obesity and T2D status (p<.01). Community poverty level was indirectly associated with the level of MIP1b through HTN status (p<.01). Conclusions: To eliminate breast cancer disparities, effective interventions are needed that account for the social and community contexts in which women live and are treated. Interventions that target comorbidities of T2D, HTN, and obesity are important to reduce the disparities. Citation Format: Weizhou Tang, Yanyuan Wu, Jaydutt Vadgama. Social determinants of health and comorbidities increasing inflammation cytokines related to breast cancer in African American and Latinx women [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr B150.

Abstract C061: Disparities in second breast cancers among women with ductal carcinoma in situ

Abstract Introduction: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death among women in the United States and Oklahoma. Outcomes from DCIS are generally favorable, however, up to 50% of patients will develop an SBC after DCIS, with approximately 30% diagnosed as invasive SBC. Our research objective was to use a combination of data sources (registry, demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic data) to explore the presence of disparities and treatment outcomes, among women of different racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups in Oklahoma. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study comparing the overall incidence of DCIS, invasive breast cancer (IBC), and the development of SBCs in women residing in Oklahoma at the time of diagnosis. We obtained data from the Oklahoma Central Cancer Registry (OCCR) and included women diagnosed with breast cancer from 1997-2021 in our analyses. We restricted analyses to women with DCIS as their first primary cancer. SBC was defined as a second primary cancer diagnosed at least six months after the first DCIS diagnosis. We evaluated demographic and cancer-related characteristics of women diagnosed with DCIS as their first cancer by development of a SBC. Results: In initial analyses, we identified 7,903 women with DCIS as their initial cancer diagnosis. Of the women with DCIS, 80% were over 50 years of age at diagnosis and the majority were non-Hispanic (NH) White (85%). For cancer-related characteristics, 33% of tumors were well or moderately differentiated (44% unknown) and 51% of tumors originated in the left breast. Of these women, 513 were subsequently diagnosed with a SBC, which included both in situ (26%) and invasive breast cancers (74%). Among women with a SBC, a higher percentage of women were <50 years of age at the initial DCIS diagnosis (27% vs. 19%) and NH Black (9.4% vs. 6.7%) compared to those without a SBC. Discussion: As a next step, we will further evaluate the risk of SBC among women in the OCCR and National Cancer Data Base to evaluate disparities at the national level. We are planning to evaluate the risk of an SBC after diagnosis of a DCIS by demographic and cancer-related characteristics using multivariable models. We will also evaluate survival among women with DCIS who develop a subsequent SBC. Citation Format: Amanda Janitz, Bethany Hannafon, Mary L Williams, Elizabeth Wellberg, Chao Xu, William Dooley. Disparities in second breast cancers among women with ductal carcinoma in situ [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr C061.

Cervical sliding sign; does it have a contribution in cases of threatened preterm labor in singleton pregnancies with intact membranes?

ObjectiveTo investigate the contribution of the cervical sliding sign to conventional cervical length measurement in patients at risk of preterm labor. MethodsThe study, performed as a prospective cohort study, included patients admitted to a tertiary research hospital with a diagnosis of threatened preterm labor. The participants were divided into two groups: those who gave birth before and after 37 weeks of gestation. The clinical and demographic characteristics, cervical length, presence of a short cervix (SC), and cervical sliding sign (CSS) were compared between the groups. Furthermore, correlation and regression analyses were conducted to investigate the relationship between the presence of a SC, the presence of CSS, and the coexistence of these two findings with preterm delivery, as well as the interval between the symptoms and delivery being less than four weeks. ResultsThe study included 77 patients who delivered prematurely and 65 patients who delivered at term. The following variables were significantly lower in the preterm delivery group: cervical length, gestational age at delivery, neonatal weight, and time between the first examination and delivery (p = 0.003, <0.001, <0.001 and < 0.001, respectively). A higher percentage of women in the preterm delivery group exhibited a diagnosis of a SC, the presence of CSS, and the coexistence of both conditions (p = 0.002, 0.012 and 0.018, respectively). The results of the logistic regression analysis indicated that the odds ratios for preterm delivery were 3.3 in the presence of a SC alone, 2.67 in the presence of CSS alone, and 2.85 in the association of both findings (p = 0.003, 0.013 and 0.021 respectively). The odds ratios for delivery in less than four weeks were 3.08 in the presence of a SC alone, 3.4 in the presence of CSS alone, and 3.54 in the association of both findings (p = 0.004, 0.002 and 0.005 respectively). ConclusionIn singleton pregnant women presenting with threatened preterm labor, the presence of CSS is associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery and a decreased presentation-to-delivery interval. However, its contribution to conventional cervical length measurement appears to be relatively limited.

Sex differences in mobility recovery after hip fracture: a time series analysis.

Sex differences are commonly reported for hip fracture incidence rates and recovery. Current knowledge about mobility recovery after hip fracture involves clinical assessments of physical capacity or patient-reported outcomes. Information on mobility performance during daily life is missing but relevant to evaluate patients' recovery. Hence, it remains unclear whether sex differences exist in the longitudinal progression of mobility performance in hip fracture patients. To investigate this, we pooled data from four studies in Germany and Norway. In all studies, real-world mobility was assessed continuously over 1 to 7 days using a sensor fixed to the unaffected frontal thigh. All studies assessed mobility at different time points that were allocated to three distinct phases: Acute and post-acute phase (week 1-6), extended recovery (7-26), and long-term recovery (27-52). Sex-specific continuous trajectories of the median (50th percentile) as well as the 1st (25th percentile) and 3rd quartile (75th percentile) were estimated using quantile regression models with splines for daily walking and standing duration; number of sit-to-stand-to-walk transfers and walking bouts; mean walking bout duration; maximum number of steps per walking bout. There were 5,900 valid observation days from n = 717 participants (mean age = 83.4 years, SD 6.1). The majority was female (75.3%), with similar sex distribution across all studies. Demographics of both sexes were comparable, but a higher percentage of women was living alone (69.0% compared to 40.9% in men) and had experienced an indoor fall leading to the fracture (74.3% compared to 67.4% in men). There were clear sex differences in mobility recovery. Women improved their mobility faster than men, but men showed larger increases later in the year after surgery. At the end of the first year, both sexes reached comparable levels in almost all mobility parameters. We identified varying aspects of mobility recovery between men and women, i.e., timely development of mobility recovery shows different patterns. Our findings support the consideration of sex differences in planning and implementing rehabilitation measures for hip fracture patients and highlight the need to provide adapted support at different time points. The underlying mechanisms of these sex differences need further investigation.

O-193 Age-related normograms of AMH in women with polycystic ovary syndrome using three different assays

Abstract Study question To develop an age-specific percentile distribution of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) measured by three different assays. Summary answer Our age-related normograms may help to interpret AMH levels in PCOS patients and facilitate the use of AMH as a diagnostic tool across age ranges. What is known already In the last years, AMH assessment has gained widespread use in the clinical settings of several conditions. However, several challenges still exist to adopt the AMH as a marker of polycystic ovary morphology (PCOM), as included in the recently updated international guideline. Although different evaluations of age- and assay-specific reference ranges have been published in the last years, these studies have mainly been conducted in normo-ovulatory or infertile women and little is known about the higher range of AMH levels, especially in women with PCOS. Study design, size, duration Retrospective single-center cross-sectional study, including 2,725 women with PCOS who consulted the Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Clinic of the Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Participants/materials, setting, methods A total of 2,725 women aged 20 to 40 years with PCOS were included. PCOS was diagnosed according to the Rotterdam Criteria. Serum AMH levels were measured using the following AMH assays: (1) Gen II AMH ELISA, 2) picoAMH assay, and 3) Elecsys AMH plus assay. Age-specific centile curves were constructed using the LMS method. The correlations between AMH with clinical, endocrine, and ultrasound features were also evaluated. Main results and the role of chance To our knowledge, this is the first study with real-world data reporting AMH age-specific percentile nomograms in a large population of PCOS women using three different assays. The 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 95th percentiles were calculated according to a population/based approach per age (years) for the Gen II, the picoAMH, and the Elecsys assays. We also considered the age-percentile values of AMH in PCOS patients for the Gen II, the picoAMH and the Elecsys assays according to the cut-offs previously proposed in literature for each specific assay. Interestingly, in our population, a high percentage of women with polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) showed AMH levels lower than the cut-offs proposed. Serum AMH levels were significantly higher in patients with phenotype A compared to all other phenotypes for all three assays. For all three assays, we found a statistically significant positive correlation between AMH levels and LH, LH/FSH ratio, testosterone, androstenedione, FAI, mean follicular number, and mean ovarian volume. In contrast, AMH levels were negatively correlated with BMI in all groups. Limitations, reasons for caution This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. Longitudinal studies with a large cohort of women that could be followed for many years are needed to validate our nomogram. Wider implications of the findings AMH threshold levels can be influenced by several variables, making it difficult to identify a general cut-off to diagnose PCOM. Further research should overcome the concept of a single cut-off value. The results of the present study may help clinicians interpret AMH levels in PCOS patients across age ranges. Trial registration number In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 2,725 women who consulted the Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Clinic of the Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, were included. The Medical Ethical Review Board of the Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam approved retrospective studies within this patient population, which includes women with ovulatory dysfunction (MEC-2020-0534).

Gender diversity and healthcare performance: A quantitative analysis from the Italian health system

Unlike many other industries, which are characterized by a more significant presence of men than women, the healthcare sector has a clear majority of women. However, even if at the non-executive level, the percentage of women is extremely higher than that of men, at the executive level, this percentage is completely overturned, generating the so-called glass ceiling effect. Despite extensive research on gender diversity and its impact on financial metrics, few studies have focused on clinical measures. To bridge this research gap, the article analyzes the relationship between gender diversity and healthcare metrics. We developed an econometric model for unbalanced panel data by performing a random effect and a quantile regression analysis, which test the relationship between gender diversity and the average length of stay (LOS), controlling for structural and clinical metrics. We find that, in general, a higher percentage of women in non-executive positions is related to an increase in LOS. Conversely, a higher rate of women in executive positions is related to a lower level of LOS. Empirical evidence supports the relevance of including human resources strategies to increase the number of women at executive managerial positions. However, the study highlights also the necessity to consider how to make the public health sector positions more appealing for men.

Health-related quality of life in different stages of breast cancer in Serbia.

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumor worldwide, and Serbia ranks first in Europe in standardized breast cancer mortality rate. The aim of this research is to estimate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and work productivity among patients in different stages of breast cancer in Serbia. A total of 175 breast cancer patients attending the breast cancer outpatient clinic at the Oncology Institute of Vojvodina between March 2022 and February 2023 were included in the study. Patients were divided into three mutually exclusive groups: (1) First year after primary breast cancer (Group P), (2) Second and following years after primary breast cancer or recurrence (Group S) and (3) Metastatic disease (Group M). The EQ-5D-3L self-classifier was used to estimate the HRQoL, using the EQ-5D-3L index value and visual analog scale (VAS) score. Мean EQ-5D-3L index value was 0.777 for Group P, and 0.768 for Group S. Patients with metastatic disease reported the lowest EQ-5D index value of 0.646 (p < 0.05). Pain/discomfort, as well as anxiety/depression, were the main drivers of the reduction in HRQoL. Patients in Group M also reported the lowest VAS score of 65.4. Furthermore, the highest percentage of women who sought leave or cited breast cancer as the reason for their early retirement were patients with metastatic disease. HRQoL was most impaired in Group M, and patients with metastatic disease were more likely to take sick leave or retire early due to breast cancer. Delaying or preventing metastatic recurrence could significantly benefit patients' productivity and HRQoL.

Gender Differences in Authorship and Quality of Anesthesia Clinical Practice Guidelines From 2016 to 2020 Using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II Instrument.

Women continue to be underrepresented in academic anesthesiology. This study assessed guidelines in anesthesia journals over the past 5 years, evaluating differences in woman-led versus man-led guidelines in terms of author gender, quality, and changes over time. We hypothesized that anesthesia guidelines would be predominately man-led, and that there would be differences in quality between woman-led versus man-led guidelines. All clinical practice guidelines published in the top 10 anesthesia journals were identified as per Clarivate Analytics Impact Factor between 2016 and 2020. Fifty-one guidelines were included for author, gender, and quality analysis using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument. Each guideline was assessed across 6 domains and 23 items and given an overall score, overall quality score, and overall rating/recommendation. Stratified and trend analyses were performed for woman-led versus man-led guidelines. Fifty out of 51 guidelines were included: 1 was excluded due to unidentifiable first-author gender. In total, 255 of 1052 (24%) authors were women, and woman-led guidelines (woman-first author) represented 12 of 50 (24%) overall guidelines. Eighteen percent (9 of 50) of guidelines had all-male authors, and a majority (26 of 50, 52%) had less than one-third of female authors. The overall number and percentage of woman-led guidelines did not change over time. There was a significantly higher percentage of female authors in woman-led versus man-led guidelines, median 39% vs 20% (P = .012), as well as a significantly higher number of female coauthors in guidelines that were woman-led median 3.5 vs 1.0, P = .049. For quality, there was no significant difference in the overall rating or objective quality of woman- versus man-led guidelines. However, there was a significant increase in the overall rating of all the guidelines over time (P = .010), driven by the increase in overall rating among man-led guidelines, P = .002. The overall score of guidelines did not increase over time; however, they increased in man-led but not woman-led guidelines. There was no significant correlation between the percentage of female authors per guideline and either overall score or overall rating. There is a substantial disparity in the number of women leading and contributing to guidelines which has not improved over time. Woman-led guidelines included more women and a higher percentage of women. There was no difference in quality of guidelines by first-author gender or percentage of female authors. Further systematic and quota-driven sponsorship is needed to promote gender equity, diversity, and inclusion in anesthesia guidelines.

Abstract PO5-16-09: Associations of age, body mass index, diabetes and hypertension with relative dose intensity among women receiving anthracycline- and/or taxane-based chemotherapy for invasive breast cancer

Abstract Research suggests that medical comorbidity is associated with reduced relative dose intensity (RDI) in patients receiving chemotherapy for treatment of breast cancer. We aimed to determine factors associated with RDI of specific chemotherapy drugs in anthracycline- and/or taxane-based regimens. Women with a diagnosis of lymph node positive, invasive breast cancer who received neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy with either doxorubicin (DOX) + paclitaxel (PAC) or docetaxel (DOCE)-containing regimens at a single centerfrom2012 to2019 were included in this retrospective study. Age, race, comorbidities, height, weight, and chemotherapy regimen and dose were abstracted from the electronic health record. BMI was calculated using height and weight measured in clinic at the time initial chemotherapy orders were written and categorized according to US national guidelines (18.5 to &amp;lt; 25, 25 to &amp;lt; 30, and &amp;gt;30kg/m2). Presence of diabetes (DM) and hypertension (HTN) at time of diagnosis were determined by chart review. The oncologists’ initial chemotherapy orders (dose and duration) were used as the basis for RDI calculations. Cumulative actual dose received and duration of treatment were compared to planned dose and duration for individual chemotherapy drug and by regimen (DOX+PAC vs. DOCE). Associations between patient characteristics and RDI were evaluated in bivariate and multivariable analyses. A total of 230 women met the inclusion criteria, with 125 receiving a DOX+PAC regimen and 105 receiving a DOCE-based regimen. A higher percentage of women on DOX+PAC received &amp;gt;85% RDI compared to women receiving DOCE (80.8% vs 67.6%). Women aged 65+ years had lower median RDI [IQR] for DOCE than younger women (0.83 [0.67 - 0.98] vs 0.94 [0.84 - 1.00], p = 0.04), and a lower percentage in the older group received &amp;gt;85% RDI (35.3% vs 73.9%, p&amp;lt; 0.01). Median RDIs of PAC and DOX+PAC were lower for Black women than for White and Asian women (PAC: 0.91 [0.75 - 1.00] vs 1.00 [0.89 - 1.00], p = 0.02, DOX+PAC: 0.92[0.87-0.99] vs. 0.97 [0.91-1.00], p = 0.03), and the percent of Black women receiving &amp;gt;85% RDI of PAC was also lower (55.3% vs 77.6%, p = 0.01). BMI category was associated with median RDI for PAC (p= 0.03) and DOX+PAC (p = 0.01), with women in the &amp;gt;30kg/m2 category having the lowest median RDIs and PAC RDI &amp;gt;85% (p &amp;lt; 0.01). Median RDI of DOX+PAC was lower for women with DM (0.89 [0.84-0.92] vs. 0.96 [0.88-1:00], p = 0.03), and a lower percentage of women with DM received DOX RDI &amp;gt;85% compared to women without DM (66.7% vs 91.6%, p &amp;lt; 0.01). Median RDI was lower among women with HTN compared to women without for PAC (0.85 [0.73 - 1.00] vs 0.98 [0.83 - 1.00], p = 0.01) and DOX+PAC (0.91 [0.84 - 0.97] vs 0.97 [0.90 - 1.00], p = 0.01), and a lower percentage of women with HTN received &amp;gt;85% RDI for PAC (50.0% vs 73.3%, p = 0.01). Multiple logistic regression models adjusted for age (continuous), race, BMI (continuous), DM, and HTN had modestly improved predictive value compared to null models (McFadden’s R2 = 0.10 to 0.19); each year of increased age was associated with lower odds of RDI &amp;gt; 85% for DOX (OR [95% confidence interval] 0.91 [0.84-0.97], p = &amp;lt; 0.01), DOX+PAC (0.95 [0.90-0.99], p = 0.02), and DOCE (0.93 [0.88-0.97], p &amp;lt; 0.01), and DM with lower odds for DOX (0.26 [0.07-0.95], p = 0.04). Our findings of associations between increasing age, Black race, BMI, DM, and HTN and reduced RDI are consistent with prior research and present new data regarding associations between medical comorbidities and individual components of chemotherapy regimens. Citation Format: Heather Wopat, Annette Aldous, Adam Ciarleglio, Kendall Anderson, Kim Robien. Associations of age, body mass index, diabetes and hypertension with relative dose intensity among women receiving anthracycline- and/or taxane-based chemotherapy for invasive breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO5-16-09.

Perception of cyberdating abuse from the victims’ perspective: effect of the type of suffered behavior and gender

Direct cyberaggression and cybercontrol, although both are manifestations of cyberdating abuse (CDA), seem to show different intentionality and impact. Furthermore, how young people perceive and experience CDA within heterosexual relationships varies by gender. However, no studies have examined whether the victims’ perception of offense and severity in an incident of CDA and the motivations that they attributed to their aggressor’s behavior vary by the type of victimization and gender. This research (N = 92 participants; 56.5% men and 43.5% women) was aimed at addressing this gap in the literature. Participants randomly completed an essay in which the CDA victimization (direct cyberaggression vs. cybercontrol) was manipulated and then responded to dependent measures. The results showed that (a) direct cyberaggression (vs. cybercontrol ) victimization was perceived as more offensive and severe; (b) women (vs. men) perceived greater offense and severity in a CDA victimization incident; (c) direct cyberaggression victimization was more frequently attributed to anger/frustration and online disinhibition, whereas cybercontrol victimization was attributed to personality and jealousy; and (d) a higher percentage of men indicated that their partners had perpetrated CDA against them because of the partners’ personality, whereas a higher percentage of women indicated that they had been victims of CDA because their partners experienced online disinhibition. We discussed the theoretical and practical contributions of our findings in the CDA field.

Association of SOD1 gene variants (50 bp Ins/Del, rs4817415, rs2070424, rs1041740, rs17880135) with plasma protein levels in vitiligo patients and their analysis in silico.

Vitiligo is a common systemic, idiopathic autoimmune disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency of variants of the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene (50 bp Ins/Del, rs4817415, rs2070424, rs1041740, rs17880135) and circulating plasma protein levels through in-silico analysis. Blood samples were collected from adult patients of both sexes with a clinical diagnosis of vitiligo. ELISA tests for SOD and analysis of gene variants by qPCR were compared to a disease-free reference group. The population analyzed was young people between 29 and 37 years old, with a higher percentage of women. The population was found in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). The 50 bp Ins/Del, rs4817415, and rs2070424 variants showed no significant difference between groups (p > 0.05). Although, in the dominant model, the CT and CTTT genotypes of the rs1041740 and rs17880135 variants showed an association with susceptibility to vitiligo compared to the control. Plasma SOD levels showed significant differences between the groups, and when stratified according to the genotypes of each variant, there was a significant difference, except with the rs17880135 variant. The haplotypes InsCGTC and InsAGCC are shown to be risk factors for susceptibility to vitiligo. The in-silico analysis demonstrated that the rs4817415, rs2070424, rs1041740, and rs17880135 variants of the SOD1 gene participate in the modification of selected regulatory elements for differentiating the protein, transcription factors, and long non-coding RNA. Information regarding the pathogenesis of vitiligo helps recognize risk factors and identify the relationship of diagnostic markers of cell damage inherent to the disease. This will help improve aspects of prevention and the choice of treatment alternatives appropriate to each case.

Dry Eye Disease: An Overview of Its Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Prevalence by Age, Sex, and Race.

This short review focuses on the significance and prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) in the arena of ophthalmology. DED can be identified as one of the most common optical morbidities affecting about one-fourth of the patients visiting ophthalmology clinics. The perception of the cytology and disease evolution of DED has shown a noteworthy advancement in the last decade by recognizing two diverse mechanisms of the disease: tear desertion and deficient tear production. The role of these two components independently or concurrently in the prevalence of DED was also understood. Several studies in different parts of the world have projected that DED is more common in women as compared to men and this difference increases with ageing. Aged people, especially women in the menopausal and post-menopausal stages, are more prone to DED. This ailment is more prevalent in patients suffering from autoimmune diseases with a higher percentage of women getting affected. Various everyday activities as well as social and dietary behaviors like smoking might set off DED symptoms. Extensive visual tasking while using a computer, watching television, and doing a lot of reading also increase the risk of DED. Although DED occurs in all age groups, it is seen in very few children in comparison to adults. In fact, DED in children may be related to diverse factors such as congenial, inflammatory, and autoimmune disorders as well as environmental conditions and nutritional deficiencies. A significant relationship has also been found between DED and racial differences among individuals. A few studies have suggested that the Asian population is more susceptible to DED as compared to the Caucasian population, but this concept needs further research and investigation. Climatic conditions and environmental challenges, such as relative humidity (RH), internal atmosphere, effluence, travel by air, and intense temperatures, are equally important in the occurrence of DED. The present review aims to examine the prevalence of DED in relation to age, sex, and race by analyzing several relevant studies and also have an overview of the diagnosis and risk factors of the disease.

Woman Leadership In Management: Systematic Literature Review

Research on women's leadership in management has shown significant interest for over the past sixty years. These studies delve into various aspects of women's leadership, perceptions of women as leaders, the suitability of women and men in leadership positions, and the barriers faced by women in holding leadership roles. Although more prevalent in developed countries and industries with a higher percentage of women in leadership positions, interest in women's leadership is steadily growing. This research provides crucial insights into understanding the barriers and experiences faced by women in leadership roles, with the aim of reducing gender gaps in leadership.

Topical Corticosteroid Phobia Among Women Affected With Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: Results From a Cross-sectional Survey.

Topical corticosteroid (TC) phobia (TCP) is common in subjects affected with chronic inflammatory skin diseases who need prolonged corticosteroid treatments. The aim of this study was to assess TCP in women affected with vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS). This observational, cross-sectional study included adult patients with VLS who either started or were undergoing a TC treatment at our vulva unit between May 2022 and May 2023. All patients completed the self-administered TOPICOP questionnaire, which is validated for measuring concerns, worries, and beliefs about TC use. The scores obtained were analyzed in relation to demographic, history, and clinical data. The majority of the 165 (92.1%, 66.5 ± 11.9 years) included patients who had previously undergone TC treatments, mostly for VLS; 81.8% of them had received information about TCs, mainly from dermatologists (86.7%). The median global TOPICOP score was 16.7% (interquartile range. 8.3-30.6), corresponding to a raw median value of 6.0 (interquartile range, 3.0-11.0). The median subscores for the 2 TOPICOP domains, namely, mistaken beliefs and worries about TCs, were equal to each other. At multivariate analysis, none of the collected variables showed a significant association with the degree of TCP. In our VLS patients, TCP resulted rather low, probably because of the small skin area being treated and the high percentage of women who had already used TCs and who had received information about them from a dermatologist. This latter point suggests that adequate counseling could be a strong basis for greater awareness and serenity in the long-term use of TCs.

Empowering Entrepreneurship: Strategies and Challenges Faced by Saudi Women in Diverse Business Sectors

Purpose: The primary objective of this research is to investigate the strategies employed by female entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia to overcome the challenges associated with running successful businesses across various sectors. Theoretical Framework: The literature reviews shows that the entrepreneurial endeavors of Saudi women appear to be dynamic and demanding, showcasing their resilience in choosing entrepreneurship as a career path. Design/Methodology/Approach: To conduct the analysis, a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was utilized. Both primary and secondary data were gathered from women entrepreneurs in different states of Saudi Arabia. In-depth interviews were conducted with 100 female entrepreneurs involved in various small-scale business activities, such as apparel, fragrances, coffee shops, and boutiques. The major findings of the study is that majority of women (almost all 100 sample) taken for study have plans for future business expansion. Findings: The Saudi women also receive a lot of Government support for their business operations. It was also found that majority of Saudi women have invested more than 200000SAR initially. However, it is important to note the limitations of this research. The findings may not be readily generalizable beyond the selected sample. Research/Practical and Social Implications: The success of the Saudi Vision 2030 plan is believed to depend on a higher percentage of women in the labor force, and this objective has been achieved ten years ahead of schedule as more women are joining the workforce in recent years. Originality/Value: The article highlights the value of women's participation in business for the improvement of society at large. The study sheds light on the often-overlooked role of Saudi women as small business owners.

Evaluation of pregnant women's knowledge and attitude toward physical exercise during pregnancy at maternity hospitals.

There are major health benefits to physical exercise during pregnancy for mothers and newborns. However, physical inactivity during pregnancy varies worldwide, but it is more common during the third trimester of pregnancy. A positive attitude toward antenatal exercise can reduce physical inactivity. This study aimed to evaluate pregnant women's knowledge and attitude toward physical exercise during pregnancy and to find out the relationship between pregnant women's knowledge and attitude. This is a descriptive study utilizing a non-probability purposive sample of 200 women. The data were collected by distributing a structured, self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised 37 questions for knowledge and 15 questions for attitude. This study was conducted from October 2021 to November 2022. The higher percentage of women's age was 20-24 years, and 30% graduated from primary school. Nearly two-thirds of them were in the second trimester. More than one-third of them have two to three living children. Nearly two-thirds of women have poor knowledge levels about physical exercise during pregnancy, but most of them have a positive attitude. There is a significant relationship between pregnant women's knowledge and attitude. This study indicated that most of the study sample had poor knowledge regarding physical exercise during pregnancy. However, they have a positive attitude toward physical exercise during pregnancy.

Use of Opioids and Epidural Anaesthesia in Labor Analgesia as Important Risk Factors for Apparent Postpartum Urinary Retention: A Case-Control Study.

Labor analgesic interventions, particularly the use of opioids and epidural anaesthesia, have raised concerns regarding their potential impact on postpartum urinary retention (PUR), necessitating a comprehensive investigation into their association with this clinical outcome. This retrospective case-control study analysed clinical data from postpartum patients at our hospital from January 2023 to December 2023. Anaesthetic methods, including opioid and non-opioid drug usage, epidural analgesia and non-use of analgesia, were assessed. Logistic regression analysis was also performed to determine important associations with apparent PUR. This study included clinical data from 54 postpartum patients with PUR and 54 without urinary retention. A higher percentage of women with apparent PUR received opioids during labour compared with those without PUR (p = 0.033). Conversely, a lower percentage of women with apparent PUR received non-opioid analgesics compared with those without PUR (p = 0.026). In addition, a higher percentage of women with apparent PUR received epidural analgesia compared with those without PUR (p = 0.041). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that opioid consumption during labour was significantly associated with apparent PUR (odds ratio (OR) = 2.469, p = 0.022). By contrast, non-opioid consumption during labour was inversely associated with apparent PUR (OR = 0.297, 95% CI = 0.123-0.681, p = 0.005). In addition, the use of epidural analgesia during labour showed a remarkable association with apparent PUR (OR = 2.857, 95% CI = 1.289-6.552, p = 0.011). Opioid use during labour and the use of epidural analgesia were identified as important risk factors for apparent PUR. These findings emphasise the need for a thoughtful and balanced approach to analgesic management during labour to minimise the risk of PUR in obstetric patients.

Association between pathological positivity rate of endometriosis, demographics, and concomitant gynecological conditions.

To date, there remains a paucity of present-day literature on the topic of demographics and the biopsy-proven pathological positivity rate of endometriosis. The goal of this study was to explore the association between patients' demographics and other concomitant gynecological conditions or procedures and the pathological positivity rate of excision of endometriosis. Retrospective cohort study. All women >18 years old who underwent laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis at a tertiary care hospital from October 2011 to October 2020. Women were classified into two groups: (1) Study group: women with >80% pathological positivity rate of endometriosis and (2) Control group: women with <80% pathological positivity rate. A total of 401 women were included in the analysis. No difference was noted in the 80% pathological positivity rate based on body mass index [BMI; 68.7% in normal BMI versus 80% in underweight, versus 74.5% in overweight, and 74.1% in obese patients (p = 0.72)]. The percentage of patients reaching 80% pathological positivity of endometriosis was lower in women who had undergone previous laparoscopy for endometriosis compared to surgery naïve women (66.5% versus 76.5%, p = 0.03). In addition, a higher percentage of women who underwent concomitant hysterectomy (83.5% versus 68.8% for non-hysterectomy, p = 0.005) or bilateral oophorectomy (92.7% versus 70.0% for non-oophorectomy, p = 0.002) reached 80% pathological positivity. Women with an associated diagnosis of fibroids (79.7% versus 70.5%) or adenomyosis (76.4% versus 71.7%) were more likely to reach 80% pathological positivity compared to women without any other coexisting pathology; however, the observed differences were not statistically significant. After applying a log-binomial regression model, compared to White non-Hispanics, Hispanic patients were 30% less likely to reach 80% positivity (RR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.49-1.02), although not statistically significant. No significant racial difference was found when comparing the rates of 80% pathological positivity of suspected endometriosis lesions among groups. Endometriosis pathological positivity rate was unaffected by patients' BMI and the presence of concomitant pathologies. In addition, prior laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis might cause tissue changes that result in a decrease in the observed pathological positivity rate of endometriosis lesions during subsequent surgeries.

Cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric symptoms among individuals with history of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective longitudinal study.

To identify the main cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms in adults who had no cognitive complaints prior to the infection. Specifically, to observe the trajectory of cognitive and neuropsychiatric performance after 6 months. This is a retrospective longitudinal study. Forty-nine patients (29 reassessed after 6 months), with a positive PCR test, with no prior cognitive complaints that only presented after the infection and without a history of structural, neurodegenerative or psychiatric neurological diseases. A brief cognitive assessment battery (MoCA), the Trail Making Test (TMT-A, B, ∆), and the Verbal Fluency Test were used, as well as the scales (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-HADS, Fatigue Severity Scale-FSS). Correlation tests and group comparison were used for descriptive and inferential statistics. Level of significance of α=5%. Mean age of 50.4 (11.3), 12.7 (2.8) years of education, higher percentage of women (69.8%). No psycho-emotional improvement (depression and anxiety) was observed between the evaluations, and patients maintained the subjective complaint of cognitive changes. The HAD-Anxiety scale showed a significant correlation with TMT-B errors. The subgroup participating in cognitive stimulation and psychoeducation showed improvement in the global cognition measure and the executive attention test. Our results corroborate other studies that found that cognitive dysfunctions in post-COVID-19 patients can persist for months after disease remission, as well as psycho-emotional symptoms, even in individuals with mild infection. Future studies, with an increase in casuistry and control samples, are necessary for greater evidence of these results.