Highest Number Of Injuries Research Articles

Injury profile in modern competitive karate--analysis of 1999 WKC-Karate World Championship Games in Bochum

Competitions in Karate are either carried out as Shobu sanbon (with fist padding) or Shobu Ippon (without fist padding). Aim of this study was to gain current data on injuries in modern competitive Karate and to compare the two different competitive systems. During the WKC-Karate-World-Championships held from June 12-13 1999 at Bochum, 392 bouts were carried out. Every injury that was seen by the tournament doctor was registered. 142 competitors sustained 168 injuries: 141 mostly minor contusions of the head and throat, 12 facial lacerations, 3 knock-outs (mild brain injury), 3 thoracal contusions, 1 midfoot fracture and 9 other blunt injuries. We saw more injuries in Shobu Sanbon (146/302 bouts) than in Shobu Ippon (23/90). Most of the injuries (152) were caused by punches. In Shobu Sanbon, kicking techniques led to 17 injuries only. The injury pattern shown here is comparable to earlier studies. Severe injuries in competitive Karate are rare. The higher number of injuries in Shobu sanbon may be due to the longer fighting time and higher scoring. Fist pads used in Shobu Sanbon might also lead to a loss of control. Therefore, prophylactic fist padding to avoid injuries in competitive Karate has to be seen critically.

Occupational injuries reported to insurance companies in Norway from 1991 to 1996.

Occupational injuries represent a relatively high proportion of the total number of injuries in Norway and thereby deserve more attention than they are currently receiving. Occupational injury claims made to insurance companies in Norway from 1991 to 1996 were analyzed for determination of their patterns. The types of injury with the highest incidence rates among men were fractures; among women, the highest rates were for those for sprains. The injury rates were more than twice as high in young men as in young women; this difference declined with increasing age. Young men had an increased risk of finger injuries, compared with older age groups. The injury rates increased with increasing age, especially for fractures and contusions. A somewhat higher number of injuries per working day occurred in January and February than in the other months. Action should be taken to prevent fractures and contusions among older workers.

Linking injury prevention and alcohol policy: seeking a common agenda

A recent Canadian report on the economic costs of substance abuse (Single et al., 1996) indicated that among alcoholrelated health problems, the most costly is injuries, particularly falls. This finding might be counter-intuitive to the lay perception that liver disease and other chronic or longer-term complications of drinking result in the largest economic burden to society. In this collection we explore the nature of drinking-related injuries and its implications for preventionoriented policy development. The links between alcohol policy and injury prevention Alcohol availability has been shown to be an important contributor to rates of drinking-related problems. Policies that dramatically increase access to alcoholic beverages are likely to result in higher rates of chronic as well as acute problems related to drinking, including liver cirrhosis, cancer, injuries, suicide, homicide and assault. Conversely, where access to alcohol is curtailed-for example, through higher taxes or prices, higher legal drinking age, lower number or density of outlets where alcohol is available-one might expect to find lower rates of damage related to drinking (e.g., Bruun et al., 1975; Edwards et al., 1994; Holder & Edwards, 1995). These macrolevel policies are complemented by policies that influence the microlevel of the drinking context. One example is found among the increasing number of drinking establishments and community groups that are encouraging more responsible service and consumption practices in the hope of reducing drunkenness-related incidents, preventing tragedy, and reducing the risk of legal action. Macropolicies at the level of the state, province, city or town, as well as formal or informal policies in the drinking venue-be it a restaurant, bar, community facility or private home-have a clear potential for effective injury prevention. As this collection shows, alcohol is implicated in many injuries, particularly among youths and young adults. Effective targeted and broad-based policies can reduce the frequency of high-risk drinking events, curtail the number of persons who drink to intoxication, or separate heavy drinking from risk-taking behavior. Such policies can reduce the incidence of alcohol-related harm among high-risk groups and the general population. Toward a common research agenda Alcohol-related-injury prevention has an ambiguous status in research arenas. On the one hand, research of some time ago (e.g., Giesbrecht et al., 1989), as well as accounts in this collection (Robson et al.; Pickett et al.) and the reports to the U.S. Congress on Alcohol and Health (e.g., U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, 1997), clearly signal that a significant share of alcohol-related incidents results in trauma. Nevertheless, cost-effective systems to detect alcohol injuries in hospital or primary care situations are not widespread (Degutis, this collection). Their absence poses special challenges for alcohol and injury prevention researchers and practitioners, chief among them the difficulty in marshaling resources and political support to deal with a problem that is largely invisible and poorly understood by the public, the media, and policy-makers. By its nature, trauma, in contrast to other alcohol-related harms, offers some unique opportunities for research: The numbers of trauma cases are quite high for some types of incidents, many of those affected tend to be young, the gestation period is short relative to chronic drinking-related problems, and the social, environmental and situational contexts are essential considerations. Whereas reducing frequency of drinking and amount of alcohol consumed are likely to be important in managing alcohol-related chronic conditions, it is drinking practices and environments that demand special attention in the prevention of alcohol-related trauma. Practices such as drinking to intoxication, binge drinking, combining alcohol and other drugs, or drinking prior to or while engaging in an activity that requires skill, coordination or concentration may result in a high number of injuries and deaths, including among inexperienced or occasionally immoderate drinkers. …

The Influence of Frontal Crash Test Speeds on the Compatibility of Passenger Cars in Real World Accidents

In the last two decades the front end structures of all cars were optimized in crashes against rigid barriers in order to guarantee the highest level of self protection. As a consequence, the stiffness of the front end structure was directly related to the own mass of the car. This effect is independant of the crash test speed if safety standards demand the same test speed for all cars. Although German accident statistics still indicate that twice as many fatalities of car occupants occur in single vehicle accidents as in car-to-car collisions, the problem of compatibility has to be taken into account because of the high number of injuries in car-to-car collisions. Therefore, for compatibility reasons, for years experts have recommended higher crash speeds for small cars and lower crash speeds for large cars; a demand which of course is not in accordance with the safety standards. Based on the state-of-the-art cars, experts agree that the stiffness of the front end of a small car should be increased and the stiffness of the front end of a large car should be decreased. This energy-balance concept is briefly described in this paper. Unfortunately, the offset test procedure according to ECE-R 94/01, which is a structural test, is now used as a rating system with an increased test speed. This paper describes the consequences of these tests for cars of different weight which were especially designed for compatibility. With the increase of the test speed as a side effect, which is completely unreasonable, the energy unbalance is of more and more significance: large cars are tested at a higher crash severity level than small cars. This effect is totally contradictory to the basic demand for compatibility. As a consequence, a mass-dependent test speed is proposed to avoid this special disadvantage of the offset test procedure using a deformable barrier.

Injury prevention programmes in primary care: a high risk group or a whole population approach?

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between risk factors for childhood unintentional injury and injury outcome and to assess the feasibility of using risk factors to identify children at high risk...

Dental trauma in children and adolescents in Valparaiso, Chile.

This study analyzed traumatic injuries in the primary and permanent dentition in children treated from 1990 to 1992 at the Children's Dental Traumatology Service in Valparaiso, Chile. A total of 227 records from patients 2 to 21 years old was studied with regard to the cause of injury, location of injury, time elapsed before treatment, history of previous trauma, type of injury, number of injured teeth, and how patients seek treatment. A total of 73 patients had injuries to the primary dentition (pD) and 154 to the permanent dentition (PD) with a total of 357 injured teeth (115 primary, 242 permanent). Ten to 12-year-old children had the highest number of injuries (33%). Falling was the most common cause of injury in both groups (82% pD, 58% PD), followed by striking against objects (13% pD, 19% PD) and bicycle accidents (9% PD). Most injuries in children with primary dentition (68%) occurred at home, while children with permanent dentition had most accidents at school (38%). Most children (61%) sought treatment after 24 h (52% pD, 65% PD), 61 children had suffered previous trauma (36% pD, 23% PD). The most common injuries in primary teeth were luxation (26%), intrusion (21%) and subluxation (18%). Uncomplicated crown fracture (34%), followed by complicated crown fracture (21%), were the main injuries in permanent teeth. There was no difference in the number of teeth involved for either dentition. A single tooth injury was found in 54%. Two teeth were involved in 35%, and three or more teeth in 11%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Sports injuries and injury-preventive behavior related to hockey and volleyball in the Netherlands

Abstract In a survey of hockey and volleyball players, the number and nature of sports injuries, the percentage of players taking injury-preventive measures (warming up before and cooling down after playing and the use of gum-shields and knee caps) and the main reasons for taking these measures have been assessed by self-reports in a questionnaire. The questionnaire for hockey players was answered by 635 respondents, the questionnaire for volleyball players by 711 players. For both hockey players and volleyball players, an incidence of about 500 injuries per 1000 players per year was found. Almost all volleyball players warmed-up before the last game played and 86% wore knee caps. About 25% of all hockey- and volleyball players took part in cooling down after this game. A gum-shield was used by 25% of the hockeyplayers. Surprisingly, players who took part in cooling down appeared to have a higher number of injuries than those who did not.

Babies on Wheels: Proceed With Caution.

Parents who like to run or bike can take their children along for the ride and often ask physicians about the safety of child carriers. The high number of injuries each year suggests that either some of the carriers are unsafe or that insufficient care is being exercised in their use.