Highest Number Of Branches Research Articles

Productivity of Sesame on Growth and Yield as Influence by Plant Spacing and Weed Management Practices

Field experiment was conducted during zaid-2022 at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.) India, to investigate on the productivity of sesame on growth and yield as influence by plant spacing and weed management practices. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loamy in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.8), low in organic carbon (0.35%). The treatments consist of three levels of spacing 20 x 10cm, 30 x 10 cm, and 40 x 10 cm and three types of weed managements (Two hand weeding at 21 and 42DAS, Pendimethalin 0.7 5kg/ha at 1 DAS + one hand weeding at 21 DAS, and + Quizalofop ethyl 0.05 kg/ha on 25 DAS + one hand weeding at 42 DAS).The experiment was laidout in randomized complete block design with nine treatments each replicated three times. The results obtained indicated that the higher plant height (129.99 cm), higher number of branches (3.77), higher plant dry weight (15.63 g/plant), higher crop growth rate (12.13 g/m2/day) higher number of capsules/plant (31.91), higher number of seeds/ capsules (47.48), higher test weight (3.48 gm), higher seed yield (1177.07 kg/ha) and higher stalk yield (1610.41 kg/ha) were significantly influenced at a plant spacing of 40 x 10 cm along with the application of Quizalofop ethyl @0.05 kg/ha on 25 DAS + one hand weeding at 42 DAS. However higher gross return (92,164.84 INR/ha), higher net return (65,840.84 INR/ha) and higher B:Cratio (2.50) were also recorded in treatment-9 at a spacing of 40 x 10 cm along with the application of Quizalofop ethyl @0.05 kg/ha on 25 DAS + one hand weeding at 42 DAS.

Evaluation of Different Hybrids of Chilli in Prayagraj Agro-Climatic Condition

The present investigation entitled “Evaluation of different hybrids of chilli in prayagraj agro-climatic condition” was conducted from July 2022- January 2023. The experiment was laid out in a Randomised Block Design with 3 replications and 10 hybrids viz., LHC-Diya, LHC-4010, Beauty, NS-1101, Deva, NS-1701 DG, VNR-305, Chushul, Pushkar, Sonali. Experiment was done to understand the plant growth, fruit yield, quality and economics of Chilli using different hybrids under Allahabad agro-climatic conditions at the experimental field of the Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute (NAI), Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (SHUATS), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. From the above experimental findings it is concluded that, all the characters viz., growth parameters, earliness parameters, yield parameters and qualitative parameters varied significantly. Further, while studying the plant height (F1-Sonali) was found best, highest number of branches, maximum average fruit weight and maximum ascorbic acid was found in (F1-NS-1701 DG), days to first flowering and days to 50% flowering was found minimum in (F1- Pushkar), maximum number of fruits per plant, maximum fruit length and fruit girth was found in (F1- VNR-305), highest yield per plant, highest yield per hectare and highest profit and maximum benefit cost ratio were found in (F1-NS-1101), maximum TSS was found in (F1- Beauty).

Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on Growth and Yield Attributes of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)

Research was conducted by using effective management application of Flyash, Azospirillum and inorganic fertilizer with objective to enhance the growth and yield of okra crop. The field experiment was carried out at the research farm of soil science and agricultural chemistry, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj during Zaid season 2022. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 9 treatments replicated three times. Data were collected on plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, fruits per plants and yield. Results showed significant differences on all parameters such that the best plant height with the most leaves, high number of branches, greater number of fruits per plant and highest yield was registered in treatment with the combination of Flyash 25 t ha-1, Azospirillum 2 kg ha-1 with RDF 100: 60: 50 kg ha-1 indicating that the synergy by Azospirillum, Flyash and fertilizers improved growth and yield. The results are based on one season experiment, therefore further investigation is recommended to substantiate the findings.

Influence of Phosphorus and Foliar Application of Zinc on Growth and Yield of Summer Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.)

The field study was carried out between Zaid 2022 and the Farm for Crop Research, Department of Agronomy, Prayagraj’s SHUATS is home to the Naini Agricultural Institute (UP) India. To study the Response of phosphorus and foliar application of zinc on growth and yield of blackgram. The factors consist of phosphorus at 30 kg/ha, 40 kg/ha, 50 kg/ha respectively foliar application of zinc at 0.1% at 20 DAS, 0.3% at 30 DAS, 0.5% at 40 DAS. Nine treatments were used, and each was repeated three times. The experimental plot’s soil had a loamy sand texture and had a nearly neutral soil reaction. (pH 7.8), low in organic carbon (0.35%) accessible N (163.42 kg/ha), accessible P (21.96 kg/ha), and accessible K (256.48 kg/ha). Results revealed that the higher plant height (40.02 cm), higher number of root nodules per plant (24.00), higher number of branches per plant (6.66) higher plant dry weight (8.03 g/plant), higher number of pods per plant (20.00), higher number of seeds per pod (6.11), higher test weight (34.07 g), higher seed yield (1.39 t/ha), and higher stover yield (2.04 t/ha) were significantly influenced with the application of phosphorus 50 kg/ha along with zinc 0.5% at 40 DAS. Higher gross return (INR 111930.23/ha), higher net return (INR 80415.73/ha) and higher B:C ratio (2.55) were also recorded with the application of phosphorus 50 kg/ha along with zinc 0.5% at 40 DAS.

Effect of Bio-fertilizers and Phosphorus on Growth and Yield of Toria (Brassica campestris L.)

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2022-23 at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.) India. To study the Response of bio-fertilizers and phosphorus on growth and yield of Toria. The treatments consist of Bio-fertilizers like Azotobacter – (20g/kg seeds), PSB – (20g/kg seeds), Azotobacter – (10g/kg seeds) + PSB – (10g/kg seeds) and Phosphorus 30, 40, 50 kg/ha. There were 10 treatments each replicated thrice. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loamy in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.8), low in organic carbon (0.35%) available N (163.42 kg/ha), available P (21.96 kg/ha) and available K (256.48 kg/ha). Results revealed that the higher plant height (124.54 cm), higher plant dry weight (25.01 g/plant), higher number of branches 11.71), higher number of siliqua (232.53 cm), higher seeds/siliqua (20.60), higher test weight (3.92 gm), higher grain yield (20.6 q/ha) and higher stover yield (3.70 t/ha) were significantly influenced with application of Azotobacter - (10g/kg seeds) + PSB - (10g/kg seeds) + Phosphorus - 50kg/ha.

Impact of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth and Yield of Okra Crop (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) var. Deepika

Research was conducted by using effective management application of FYM and Azospirillum with inorganic fertilizer with objective to enhance the growth and yield of okra crop. It has been concluded from the trial that the different level of FYM with inorganic fertilizers in the experiment gave the highest value. Effective results were obtained with T9 treatment with combination FYM 20 t ha-1, Azospirillum 2 kg ha-1 with RDF 100: 60: 50 kg hhah ha-1. This treatment result shown best plant height with the most leaves, a high number of branches, a greater number of fruits per plant and highest yield in compared with the control treatment T1­ had the lowest results in all categories. T9 was found to be the best for the improvement of growth and yield of okra therefore, farmers of Prayagraj region can adopt this combination to give the highest yield of Okra.

Biomass partitioning, yield and economic performance of green gram (Vigna radiate L.) genotypes as influenced by different irrigation levels

A field experiment was conducted during the Kharif season of2020 with four main plot treatments consisting of irrigation levels (No post sowing irrigation, one irrigation at the flower initiation stage, one irrigation at the pod filling stage and two irrigations each at flower initiation and pod filling stage) and five subplot treatments as genotypes viz., MH 1142, MH 1468, MH 1703, MH 1762 and MH 1871 following split plot design by replicating thrice. Irrigating green gram, irrespective of the growth stage, increased the seed yield significantly. Two irrigations each at the flower initiation and podding stage bring about greater seed economic yield of green gram than 1 irrigation either at each stage. Among single irrigations, flower initiation stage provided significantly superior (8.6 %) seed yield compared to the pod filling stage. During the flower initiation stage, no rain and irrigation at this stage led to more development of crop plants, as is evident from a higher number of branches per plant and, ultimately, a higher number of pods. Two irrigations, i.e., each at flower initiation and podding phase, lead to considerably greater seed output than single irrigation at either growth stage, which may be attributed to the sufficient supply of water, which indirectly provided a smooth supply of nutrients to crop plants. The increase was 18.4 and 28.6 per cent over-irrigation at flowering and podding stage, respectively. Seed yield varied among green gram genotypes, which might be because of variations in the genetic potential of the genotypes. Genotype MH 1871 produced significantly higher seed yield among different genotypes. The cumulative effect of yield traits viz. pods per plant, branches per plant, seed index and seeds per pod attributed to the higher seed yield in MH 1871. This genotype was more efficient in utilizing radiations, as evident from the higher chlorophyll content recorded in this genotype. Genotype MH 1142 was the lowest yielder and MH 1762 although produced. To obtain a higher yield of green gram, genotype MH 1871 be taken with two irrigations each at flower initiation and pod filling stage.

PENGARUH PUPUK KANDANG AYAM YANG DIPERKAYA PGPR TERHADAP pH DAN P-TOTAL SERTA HASIL TANAMAN TOMAT (Solanum lycopersicum L.) PADA TANAH ULTISOL

The purpose study aimed to determine the effect of chicken manure added with PGPR on soil pH and total-P and yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) on Ultisol soil. The research was performed in Experimental Land 2, while soil analysis was carried done at the Nanoscience Technology Laboratory and the Soil Science Laboratory, Halu Oleo University. The trial took place from November 2021-September 2022. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 4 treatments of chicken manure, namely KO = without of chicken manure added with PGPR serves as control, K1 = 200 g polybag-1, K2 = 400 g polybag-1, K3 = 600 g polybag-1 each treatment was added with 400 ml of PGPR from bamboo roots. The results indicated that the higher of chicken manure applied, the higher of the the total-P and soil pH as well as the plant growth. The application of 600 g polybag-1 increased soil pH and total-P 28,93 mg 100 g-1 and 6,4, respectively. It was also observed that the application of 600 g polybag-1 of chicken manure (K3) recorded the highest plant by 120.66 cm, the highest number of branches by 11.66 and the number of fruits was 3.66 as well as the heaviest fruit weght by 145.33 g.

Outcomes Following Fenestrated Endovascular Aortic Repair for Failed Infrarenal Endovascular Aortic Repair Compared With Primary Fenestrated Endovascular Aortic Repair

Fenestrated endovascular aortic repair (FEVAR) is a potential treatment option in patients with failed EVAR due to proximal disease progression. However, studies evaluating the outcomes after FEVAR in patients with prior EVAR are limited to data from single-center and high-volume institutions. Therefore, we compared the outcomes after FEVAR in patients with prior EVAR vs without any prior aortic surgery (primary FEVAR). We identified patients undergoing elective FEVAR for complex abdominal aortic aneurysm in the Vascular Quality Initiative between 2014 and 2022 and included those who underwent no prior aortic surgery (n = 2362) or prior EVAR (n = 117). Perioperative outcomes and 5-year mortality were analyzed using logistic regression and Cox regression models. Sac changes were assessed based on differences in aneurysm sac diameter between the 1-year computed tomography scan and preoperative imaging and were categorized as regression (>5 mm decrease), stability (<5 mm change in size), and expansion (>5 mm increase) for analysis. We included 2362 primary FEVAR patients and 117 patients who underwent FEVAR after EVAR. The FEVAR after EVAR patients were older (76 [72-82] years vs 74 [68-79] years; P < .001), less frequently female (12% vs 23%; P = .004), had larger aneurysm diameters (68 [60-80] mm vs 58 [55-63] mm; P < .001), and more preoperative comorbidities. After EVAR patients, FEVAR patients were more likely to undergo repairs at high-volume centers performed by high-volume surgeons (P < .001). Furthermore, FEVAR after EVAR involved more proximal aortic zones with a higher number of branches and longer procedural time and radiation (all P < .05). Despite these differences, FEVAR after EVAR showed comparable perioperative outcomes relative to primary FEVAR (Table I). However, in the FEVAR, after EVAR group, 1-year sac regression rates were lower (24% vs 51%; P = .005), whereas sac expansion was more likely (39% vs 7.3%; P < .001) compared with the primary FEVAR group (Table II). At 2-year follow-up, FEVAR after EVAR was associated with similar mortality (26% vs 19%; hazard ratio: 1.4, 95% confidence interval: 0.84-2.2; P = .20) and reinterventions (14% vs 13%; hazard ratio: 1.04, 95% confidence interval: 0.36-3.0; P = .91) compared with primary FEVAR. FEVAR after EVAR has a similar risk of perioperative and 2-year mortality compared with primary FEVAR. However, the higher rate of sac expansion at 1 year in these patients raises significant concerns about the durability of these repairs. Therefore, patients undergoing FEVAR after EVAR may benefit from closer surveillance or even consideration for open conversion. Future studies should evaluate open conversion as an alternative to endovascular treatment for proximal failure of EVAR.Table IPerioperative outcomes after primary FEVAR vs FEVAR after prior EVARPrimary FEVAR (n = 2373)FEVAR after EVAR (n = 130)P valueFEAVR after EVAR vs primary FEVARP valueUnadjusted rates, %Adjusteda OR [95% CI]Perioperative death2.82.3.800.62 [0.13-2.2].50Any complication9.611.770.65 [0.29-1.4].30 Stroke0.60.66NANA AKI1214.700.75 [0.38-1.4].4 Postoperative dialysis1.72.3.740.73 [0.10-3.28].71 Bowel ischemia1.91.51.01.4 [0.18-6.2].71 Spinal cord ischemia1.53.1.270.85 [0.11-4.0].85 Leg ischemia1.92.3.740.68 [0.10-3.0].65 Pulmonary complications3.64.6.620.70 [0.21-2.0].52 Cardiac complications3.53.81.00.53 [0.14-1.6].30 Completion type 1A endoleak3.40.8.120.32 [0.02-1.73].29Reintervention during index hospitalization4.26.2.380.73 [0.48-1.1].12Unadjusted rates, %P valueAdjusteda HR [95% CI]P value2-year reintervention1314.201.04 [0.36-3.0].912-year mortality1926.701.4 [0.84-2.2].20AKI, Acute kidney injury; CI, confidence interval; EVAR, endovascular aortic repair; FEVAR, fenestrated EVAR; HR, hazard ratio; OR, odds ratio.aAdjusted for age, gender, diameter (>65 mm), hypertension, diabetes, prior myocardial infarction, prior chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obesity, prior chronic kidney disease, anemia, proximal sealing zone, center volume, and physician volume. Open table in a new tab Table IISac dynamics at 1 year after primary FEVAR vs FEVAR after prior EVARPrimary FEVAR (n = 853), %FEVAR after EVAR (n = 33), %P valueSac regression, >5 mm5124.005Stable sac, <5 mm4232.67Sac expansion, >5 mm7.339<.001EVAR, Endovascular aortic repair; FEVAR, fenestrated EVAR.Boldface P value represents significance P < .05. Open table in a new tab

Growth characteristics and post trimming regrowth potential of tropical and sub-tropical landscape hedge plants in response to spacing

Spacing of landscape plants is one of the factors determining the outcome of a design in terms of canopy formation which is one of the variables for aesthetic appearance in terms of shapes and forms. This study was conducted between September 2016 and September 2017, to determine the appropriate intra-row spacing for five plant species in hedge formation. The plant species used were Duranta erecta, Hamelia patens, Ficus retusa, Buxus sempervirens and Acalypha wilkesiana. Transplanting was done at intra-row spacing of 30, 40, 50 and 60cm and a constant inter-row spacing of 100cm. The experiment was a Randomized Complete Block Design in split plot arrangement with three replicates. Plant height, number of leaves, number of branches and canopy space, as indices of species suitability for use as hedge, were measured fortnightly. Plant regrowth and aesthetic characteristics were assessed after periodic trimming. H. patens and B. sempervirens species had the tallest plants. B. sempervirens and D. erecta produced the highest number of leaves while D. erecta and H. patens had the highest number of branches. D. erecta had significantly (p&lt;0.05) the fastest post-trimming shoot regrowth rate relative to other species following the 1st and 2nd trimming (25 and 28 WAT respectively). The effect of spacing on shoot regrowth length was significant after the 3rd, 4th and 5th trimmings (31, 34 and 37 WAT respectively). The highest shoot regrowth height was recorded at 40cm spacing followed by 30cm intra row spacing. All species responded best at 50cm intra-row spacing for the number of branches and canopy space as well as early hedge formation. The study concluded that B. sempervirens was suitable for ideal hedging at 40cm intra-row spacing while A. wilkiesiana and H. patens were only suitable as informal hedges. Hence, B. sempervirens species is recommended as the ideal hedge plant choice based on its early regrowth after trimming, high leaf and branch production as well as overall speed in hedge formation at 31WAT.

Evaluation of growth and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.Walp) cultivars and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) with their competitive behavior in cowpea-sorghum intercropping.

The need to increase cowpea production to solve the menace of malnutrition is a global challenge and land limitations have also made intercropping indispensable. Field trials were carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm, Kwara State University, Malete, and National Centre for Agricultural Mechanization (NCAM) Idofian to evaluate the growth and yield of cowpea cultivars and sorghum with their competitive behavior in cowpea-sorghum intercropping. Five cultivars of cowpea (IITA-256, IITA-277, VITAL-5, IT98K-491-4, and IITA-288) were intercropped with sorghum. Sole crops were included in the treatments as a check. The treatments were arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design and replicated three times. Among the sole, vital-5 cultivar had the highest number of branches and pods per plant and more seeds per pod compared to other cultivars. The cultivar also recorded the highest grain yield 591.30 kg/ha and 530.00 kg/ha respectively, for Malete and NCAM at the sole. At the intercrop, IITA-288 significantly had the least number of branches per plant and took longer days to attain flowering compared to other cultivars. The lowest grain yield at the intercrop was also obtained with this cultivar. Sorghum intercropped with cowpea cultivar IITA-288 was at par with the sole sorghum in all the parameters. The least grain yield of sorghum at the intercrop was obtained in sorghum intercropping with IITA-256 cowpea cultivar. The maximum Land Equivalent Ratio (LER), and Land Equivalent Coefficient (LEC), was obtained with the Vital-5 cultivar. Regardless of location, the competitive ratio (CR) values for IITA-256, IITA-277, and Vital-5 cowpea cultivars were higher than sorghum. The aggressivisity, (A) for these cultivars were also positive for cowpea and negative for sorghum. Although, all the cowpea cultivars demonstrated intercropping advantages in efficient utilization of natural resources intercropping with the Vital-5 cowpea cultivar was superior and could be adopted by the farmer.

Effect of Dry and Liquid Wey Addition on Tomato (Solanum esculentium L.) Growth Properties Under Greenhouses Conditions-b

A pots experiment under greenhouses conditions were conducted at an agricultural research station related to Agriculture College / Basrah Univ. during the grown season 2017 - 2018 to statement the effect of different levels of treatment of liquid and dry Wey adding to soil mixed animal manures as a growth media on some tomato seedling properties, Wey adding at level 25, 50 and 75 % as a liquid and 1, 2 and 4 % as a dry. Results showed a significant improvement in all growth properties: The highest height of 33.11 cm was recorded in (1 animal manure :1 soil) treatment at a 2 % dry Wey. The highest number of branches was at dry and liquid Wey treatments, attaining 2 and 3.2 plant branch-1, and the highest average number of branches was recorded at the value of 3.55 plant branch-1 at (1 animal manure : 1 soil) treatment. A significant number of leaves was 13 leaf plant-1 at the level of adding 50% of liquid spray and 12 leaf plant-1 at the level of addition of 2% of dry Wey; the highest average number of leaves has recorded a value of 13 leaf plat-1 of (1anmial manure:1soil) treatment. A significant value of shoot weight was at 75 % addition Wey liquid attained 6.99 gm plant-1 for shoot part compared with control and 25 % addition liquid Wey treatments.(1 animal manure:1 soil) treatment. Treatment of liquid Wey was applied at a concentration of 75%, giving a significant average of roots fresh weight is 0.123 gm plant-1, adding animal manure treated with liquid Wey achieved the highest average weight of roots attains 0.156 gmplant-1. Treatments of applied liquid Wey at a concentration of 75% were a superior average of dry shoot weight at 0.59 gm plant-1.

Partial Exchange of Mineral N Fertilizer for Common Bean Plants by Organic N Fertilizer in the Presence of Salicylic Acid as Foliar Application

AbstractCommon beans are very significant for poor countries, because they provide high nutritional value, especially in terms of protein, calories, and trace nutrients, to people who cannot afford more expensive forms of nourishment. The current experiment was performed to investigate the influence of four different levels of organic fertilizer (compost) in the presence of mineral N fertilizer, i.e., T1: 25% M‑RDN +75% O‑RDN; T2: 50% M‑RDN +50% O‑RDN; T3: 75% M‑RDN +25% O‑RDN; and T4 (control): 100% M‑RDN (O-RDN, M‑RDN = recommended dose of N in organic and mineral forms, respectively; RDN: 60 kg N/fed.) and foliar spray with salicylic acid (SA) at 0, 50, 100, and 150 ppm, as well as of their interaction, on vegetative growth, productivity, and seed quality of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. Nebraska. Obtained results showed that the tallest plants, the highest number of branches per plant, and the heaviest leaf fresh and dry weight per plant were scored using the combined treatment comprising T4 (100% M‑RDN) and SA at 150 ppm in the two seasons. T4-fertilized and 150 ppm SA-sprayed plants induced the highest values of leaf N, P, K, and total carbohydrates (%). The highest seed yield per plant and hectare as well as the highest average weight of 100 seeds were achieved by plants fertilized with T4 or T3 treatments (75% of M‑RDN +25% O‑RDN) and sprayed with 150 ppm SA in the two seasons. The combined treatment of T4 and SA at 150 ppm caused the statistically highest values of seed N%, P%, total protein (%), K%, and total carbohydrate (%). In addition, the lowest values of seed nitrate content were achieved by plants fertilized with the T1 treatment (25% M‑RDN +75% O‑RDN) and receiving 150 ppm SA foliar spray. In conclusion, for enhanced growth, productivity, and quality of common bean plants, it could be safe to fertilize with 75% M‑RDN +25% M‑RDN and spray these plants with SA at 150 ppm.

Farklı Organik Kaynaklı Materyallerin Zinnia Bitkisinde Büyüme, Çiçeklenme ve Verime Etkileri

The study was carried out in a randomized plot design with three replications, with 4 pots in each replication and 3 plants in each pot. A total of 10 applications consisting of liquid compost (25%- 50%), vermicompost (25%-50%), and humic acid (600-1200 ppm) and combining these applications were applied to Zinnia seedlings. The first application was applied as 400 mL per pot when the plants reached 20 cm in size. Applications were made 3 times with an interval of 7 days. When the plants are harvested, flower diameter (mm), stem thickness (mm), number of flowers (piece), stem length (cm), number of branches (pieces), the weight of branches (g), number of leaves (pieces), root length ( cm), root fresh weight (g), root dry weight (g), vase life (days) parameters were examined. As a result of the study, the highest flower diameter (72.27 mm) and SPAD value (34.93) was 600 ppm humic acid application, the highest flower stem thickness (4.67) and flower stem length (45.56 cm) 25% liquid compost + 25% vermicompost application, the highest flower stem thickness (4.67). The number of flowers (6.17 pieces) and root wet weight (8.10 g) were found in 25% vermicompost application, the highest number of branches (7,25) in 1200 ppm humic acid application, the highest branch weight (30.76) in 50% vermicompost application. As a result, it was observed that in applications where 25% of vermicompost was used, it had positive effects on the number of leaves, flowering, and root parameters. In humic acid applications, it has been found to have a positive effect when used at low rates such as 600 ppm. It is stated in the results of the study that the doses used to&#x0D; give better results when applied at low rates.

Evaluation of genotypes and correlation studies in Marigold (Tagetes spp.) for growth and yield attributes

The study was conducted to evaluate 23 genotypes of marigold (Tagetes spp.) collected from different and diverse sources and correlation studies were performed for various growth and yield characters. The results shows that the maximum plant height (92.60 cm) is recorded in the genotype AMS-15, whereas maximum plant spread (52.80 cm), flower weight (8.93 g) and largest flower size (7.63 cm) was recorded in the genotype ‘AMS-16’. The highest number of branches (11.13), flowers per plant (509.93), flower yield per plant (622.27 gm), flower yield per m2 (4635.83 gm) and duration of flowering (88.47 days) was recorded in genotype ‘AMS-3’. The genotype ‘AMS-4’ showed earliest bud initiation (38.20 days) and flower opening (47.53 days). Plant spread is positively correlated with number of branches, flower stalk length, flower diameter, days to bud initiation, first flower opening, flower yield per plant and per m2, whereas, plant height has positive correlation with plant spread, number of branches per plant, flower stalk length and flower diameter. The study concludes that the genotype AMS-3 is the best amongst all the genotype with respect to flower yield and flowering duration. The various growth parameters viz. plant spread, number of branches, flower diameter, days to bud initiation, days to first flower opening and number of flowers per plant has positive correlation with flower yield, hence, these characters may be considered as selection indices in improving yield attributes in marigold.

Agronomic performance of F7 soybean lines resistant to Soybean mosaic virus in the dryland area

In Indonesia, soybean cultivation is generally planted in paddy fields after the rice harvest. However, expanding soybean cultivation is needed to make optimal dry land in the future. This study aims to obtain F7 soybean lines resistant to Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) adaptive in the dry land. In the dry land planted eleven soybean breeding lines resistant to SMV and two varieties as control. Ten days after planting (DAP), soybean plants were inoculated with SMV. The experiment was conducted in the randomized complete block design with four replicates within each area. These results showed that the GK/PI200.485-7-17 line was the most superior soybean line and the potency to develop in the dryland area because it had the highest number of branches per plant, number of filled pods per plant, and 100-seed weight. The tested line showed the highest seed yields of 2.40 t/ha, and 2.72 t/ha, in Girisubo and Sidowayah Districts, respectively. This line did not indicate any serological relationship to SMV in both locations.

Effect of growing media and irrigation frequencies on early vegetative growth of &lt;em&gt;Piper longum&lt;/em&gt; L

Systematic cultivation with well-developed agronomic practices for selected medicinal herbs involves conservation of wild populations from over harvesting, continuous supply and sustainable utilization. The present research was conducted to find-out the most suitable growing medium and irrigation frequency for commercial cultivation of <em>Piper longum</em> L. For this purpose, six different growing media along with three different irrigation frequencies were used. The experiment was arranged factorially with Completely Randomized Design in triplicates inside a protected plant house under controlled environmental conditions. Destructive measurements were taken at 12 weeks after planting. In addition, all growing media were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity, available nitrogen, organic matter, phosphorous, available potassium using three replicates. Data analysis was carried out using analysis of variance with statistical analysis system while Duncan multiple range test was employed for mean separation. Based on the results, interaction effects between growing media and irrigation frequencies were not significant (P≥0.05) for plant height (cm), number of leaves, number of branches and shoot dry weight (g) of P. longum harvested at 12 weeks after establishment. Growing media and irrigation interval were significant on the growth parameters while the highest plant height of 43.3 cm was observed in topsoil: compost -1:1 closely followed by topsoil: sand: compost -1:1:1 (42.2 cm).<em> P. longum</em> grown in topsoil: sand: compost -1:1:1 (V/V) had the highest number of branches (7.6). Further, significantly (P≤0.05) higher number of leaves (43) and shoot dry weight (15.7g) were recorded in topsoil: sand: compost -1:1:1. Irrigation frequencies had no significant (P&gt;0.05) effect on growth parameters of <em>P. longum</em> (Figure 2). Shoot dry weights had no significant difference with the changing irrigation frequency. Based on the composition analysis and growth parameters, top soil: sand: compost (1:1:1) growing media and 9 days irrigation frequency appeared to be the most promising combination for early vegetative growth of P. longum.

Effect of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) biochar on soil chemical properties and agronomy of soybean (Glycine max L. merril)

The experiments were conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Shabu-Lafia during the 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons to evaluate the effects of different levels of biochar on soil properties, growth and yield of soybean. The experiments were laid in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Biochar at the rates of 0, 4, 8 and 12 tons/ha were incorporated into the ridges of soybean at planting. The results showed that soil organic matter, organic carbon, total nitrogen, potassium, available phosphorus, calcium, sodium and base saturation decreased with soil layers. Soil pH (4.67 and 4.69), magnesium (1.52 and 1.62 cmol/kg), exchangeable acidity (0.67 and 0.75 cmol/kg) and cation exchange capacity (5.18 and 5.23 cmol/kg) increased with soil depth. Biochar at the rate of 12 tons/ha showed consistently the highest values of soil properties over other rates. The results also showed that biochar at the rate of 8 tons/ha recorded significantly (p&lt;0.05) the tallest soybean plant height at 8 weeks (40.4 and 42.7 cm) and 10 (43. 0 and 49.2 cm) after planting in 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons respectively while the highest number of branches (4.5 and 4.5) was recorded in 2018 cropping season only. The results further revealed that biochar at the rate of 8 tons/ha recorded the highest weight per 100 seed (16.9 and 14.9 g) and seed yield (1304.0 and 1316.7 kg) per hectare in both cropping seasons. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that biochar at the rates of 12 and 8 tons/ha positively influenced soil and soybean plant parameters evaluated. Therefore, biochar at the rate of 8 tons/ha is considered as the optimum rate for sustainable soybean production in the study area.

Effect of different organic manures on production of Lepidium sativum under Morus based agroforestry system

Agroforestry is a sustainable land use system that integrates trees and shrubs on farmlands and rural landscapes to enhance productivity, profitability, diversity and ecosystem sustainability. In the present study effect of different organic manures on production of Lepidium sativum (a veterinary galactogogue/medicinal herb) under open conditions and Morus alba based agroforestry system was investigated. The experiment comprised of 8 treatments. It was observed that treatment T7 recorded higher plant height whereas other growth and yield parameter were recorded to be maximum in treatment T6. Highest number of branches, number of main stem, number of pods, yield parameters were observed in treatment T6 while the lowest was recorded in treatment T4. From the economical point of view, the treatment T3 resulted in higher net return (1154.27 USD $ ha-1) and BC ratio (2.44). Bangladesh J. Bot. 51(4): 797-805, 2022 (December)

Evaluation of soybean varieties at Arbaminch zuria district of Gamo zone in southern Ethiopia

The study was conducted using sixteen soybean varieties gained from Pawe Agricultural Research Center. The varieties were tested for yield and yield-related traits at Arbaminch zuria district during the 2017 and 2018 main production periods. The study was conducted by using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Variance analysis for the individual year on yield and yield component showed significant differences (p&lt;0.05) among genotypes except for seeds per pod in the year 2018. During the 2017 cropping season, the highest yield was obtained from Gazale (1948 kgha-1) and Niyala (1922 kgha-1 whereas the lowest grain yield was obtained from AFGAT (956 kgh-1). While in 2018 Nova (1110 kgha-1), Dhedessaa (1050.9kgha-1) and Nyala (988.9 kgha-1) showed better yield than other tested varieties while the lowest grain yield was observed on Korme (504.6 kgh-1). The combined test for analysis of variance showed a significant differences among genotypes for grain yield and components of yeild exculding the number of seeds per pod. The highest plant height was recorded for AFGAT (107.7m) whereas the highest number of pods per plant was obtained from Jalale (61.03) followed by Dhedessaa (60.23). The maximum hundred seed weight was gained from Nyala (15.67g while the highest branch number was obtained from Jalale (4.2) and Gishima (4.1). Nyala and Gazale had the highest grain yield of 1455 kgha-1 and 1445 kgha-1, respectively, while AFGAT (819Kgha-1 had the lowest grain yield. The result obtained from Niyala (1455 kgh-1) and Gazale (1445kgh-1) gave better yields than other tested varieties. Therefore, varieties Nyala and Gazale can be recommended for the study area and areas with similar agro-ecologies for demonstration.