High Market Price Research Articles

Ranljivost slovenskega prehranskega sistema v povezavi z vojno v Ukrajini

The Russian-Ukrainian war brings many economic and social challenges. Among other, it causes turmoil in the global energy and food markets, affects the functioning of global food systems and threatens food security. Ukraine and Russia are important global exporters of cereals, oilseeds, fossil fuels, and mineral fertilizers. The war disrupts the flow of these goods to the world market, which has greatly increased their prices and in some countries caused food shortages. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of the war on food chains in Slovenia. For this purpose, the self-sufficiency in cereals, the agri-food trade between Slovenia and the two countries at war, and the prices of some agricultural commodities and inputs were analysed. The results show that the import of agri-food products from Ukraine and Russia to Slovenia is not significant, but the negative effects of the war are felt nevertheless. These are shown mainly through the rising prices of production inputs, as well as uncertain political and economic developments, which affect stakeholders along the entire food chains. Due to various factors, the world prices of agricultural inputs and commodities were already at a very high level even before the Russian invasion, and additional pressure on prices was caused by the outbreak of war. The European Union, which is Slovenia’s main trading partner, covers domestic needs for most agricultural products through production, so there is no threat of food shortages. Nevertheless, food affordability remains a major concern due to high market prices and inflationary trends.

Sukuk Performance Using Comparison of Return and Risk Through Calculation of Market Price and Fair Price

Sukuk investors’ important information used by investors of Sukuk (proof or claim of ownership on assets) is the market price of the Sukuk issued by the IDX and the fair price of the Sukuk issued by the Indonesian Securities Price Appraiser (PHEI). This is a signal or initial information for investors in considering the decision to invest in Sukuk. The measured performance returns as measured by Holding Period Yield (HPY), Yield To Maturity (YTM), and Sharpe Index, while Risk of Sukuk is measured based on its standard deviation. Corporate Sukuk are classified into financial and non-financial sectors and have short, medium, and long maturities. Comparative analysis is conducted using an Independent Sample t-test and ANOVA. The results showed that the average Sukuk return was calculated at a higher market price than the fair price. Sukuk return results in a pattern of movement that tends to be inversely proportional to the market price or fair price of the Sukuk, while the risk of Sukuk based on price issuing institutions had a movement pattern that tends to be in the same direction as the price. Furthermore, corporate Sukuk in the non-financial sector had a higher average return but was more susceptible to risk than the financial sector. Corporate Sukuk with long maturities had a higher average yield and risk exposure than medium and short-term Sukuk. Hypothesis testing showed a significant difference between the market price and the fair price of corporate Sukuk.

CAPITALIZATION RATE ON RESIDENTIAL SECTOR IN MATARAM

The capitalization rate is an important factor and must be presented in order to valuing a property applying income approach and direct capitalization method. This paper attempt to measure the capitalization rate on residential sector in district of Mataram through the overall capitalization rate theory developed by the International Association of Assessment Officers. Measurements of central tendency and dispersion were conducted to find out early indications related to the characteristics and tendencies of the capitalization rate. In addition, regressivity and progressivity test was conducted through simple regression analysis and Spearman rank test correlation to determine the lease pattern. Utilizing purposive sampling as many as 70 samples were divided proportionally according to number of sub-district. This research showed that average capitalization rate in district is 4.39%, while average capitalization rate for each sub-district varied widely from 3.7% to 5.31%. Individually, the highest capitalization rate is 6.15% and the lowest is 3.33%. Higher capitalization rate indicated higher percentage return than lower capitalization rate. Regression and correlation analysis showed that capitalization rate tends to regressive against market price or there is a regressive relationship between capitalization rate and market price. The interesting result of this paper is a property with higher market price has lower percentage return than a property with lower market price, and vice versa.

DETERMINANT FACTORS INFLUENCING HOUSING AFFORDABILITY AMONG BUMIPUTERA YOUTHS IN KLANG

Housing affordability issues arise when the household income is insufficient to cover the expenses of owning a house due to high housing market prices. This significantly impacts potential buyers, especially members of the youth generation who have just embarked on their careers. This study contributes to the empirical studies related to the monetary and non-monetary factors that influence the affordability of housing for Bumiputera youths in Klang. Primary data was gathered from 382 respondents using purposive stratified sampling. The findings indicate that seven main factors strongly influence housing affordability for Bumiputera youths: household income, housing price, loan approval, household expenditure, type of property, number of working households and location. Thus, the findings of this study will contribute to policy decisions, assessments and practices related to housing affordability among Bumiputera youths and support the implementation of the government policy to ensure that at least 75% of Bumiputera households are able to own residential property.

Geographical origin traceability of muskmelon from Xinjiang province using stable isotopes and multi-elements with chemometrics

Xinjiang muskmelon is a popular fruit in China that is exported worldwide. In particular, Hami muskmelon is classified as a protected geographical indication (PGI) product, and consequently it is more desirable and sells at a higher market price than products from other regions. Origin mislabeling and fraudulent substitution of Hami PGI muskmelon products by non-PGI products are frequently reported, which damages its reputation and market advantage. In this study, the geographical origin of muskmelon from Xinjiang was investigated using stable isotopes and multi-element analyses with chemometrics. Four stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N, δ2H, δ18O) and seventeen elemental contents (Na, Al, P, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Sr, Mo, Cd, Sb, Ba, Pb) of 239 batches of muskmelon were collected from 13 administrative regions distributed across Xinjiang Province. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare these regional differences using stable isotopes and multi-elements, and showed that a single variable could not fully classify all sample origins. A multivariate model was developed using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) based on stable isotope and multi-element data. The discriminant accuracies of 13 localities across Xinjiang Province was unsatisfactory with values as low as 46.2 % for Changji. Muskmelon from Kashi were misclassified as Aksu (20 %) and Bazhou (16.7 %) respectively. Further LDA modeling was undertaken after the 13 administrative regions were reduced to 6 geographical production regions from Xinjiang. Classification accuracies improved significantly; 100 % for Altay, 91.9 % for Hami and more than 79.1 % for other regions. Therefore, this strategy may be a useful and complementary tool to combat origin mislabeling of Hami PGI muskmelons from other Xinjiang regions, effectively ensuring food integrity and promoting origin certainty of PGI Hami muskmelon from Xinjiang.

Multifaceted strategies for economic production of microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis-derived astaxanthin via direct conversion of CO2

Owing to its strong antioxidant properties, astaxanthin has a high market price in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical fields, and its demand is increasing. Furthermore, with an increase in the demand for green technology, astaxanthin production through direct CO2 conversion using the autotrophic green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis as a bio-platform has received much attention. Large-scale outdoor cultivation of H. pluvialis using waste CO2 sources and sunlight can secure sustainability and improve economic efficiency. However, low strain performance, reduced light utilization because of increased cell density, and inefficient transfer of gaseous CO2 into liquid culture broth hinder its large-scale commercialization of astaxanthin. Herein, we presented a multifaceted strategy, including the development of high-efficiency strains, a culture system for astaxanthin accumulation, and astaxanthin extraction from biomass, for economically producing astaxanthin from H. pluvialis through direct CO2 conversion. Future perspectives were presented by comparing and analyzing various previous studies conducted using the latest technology.

Comparison between the quantity and quality of honey bee venom collected in the front and inside of the hive

The positive effects of honey bee venom on human health and the high market price are the main reasons for beekeepers' increasing interest in its production. However, until today there is no standardized technology for honey bee venom collection. Today's methods are mainly based on collectors placed at the hive entrance. The main problems with this method are the application of the collector, and the contamination that collected venom may contain which consequently reduces its quality. The disadvantages of this technology can at least partially be eliminated by the use of collectors placed inside the hive. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of the collection method on the honey bee venom quality and quantity. The results of the study showed that significantly higher amounts of venom could be collected with collectors within the hive, while at the same time the quality of the venom, considering the melittin content, remained equal. Having in mind that honey bee venom collection has not had a significant impact on strength of the colonies (in comparison to control colonies that were not subjected to venom collection), collection technology with collectors placed inside the hive is a better option.

Vertical integration, peaking plant commitments and the role of credit quality in energy-only markets

Resource adequacy in energy-only markets is of continual interest to policymakers and in Australia has historically been navigated via energy retailer investment commitments in peaking plant capacity. This in turn has been driven by the National Electricity Market's very high Market Price Cap (AUD $15,000/MWh). The market is rapidly transitioning with rising levels of renewables and coal plant closures. Ironically however, investment commitments in peaking plant capacity by major energy retailers has stalled. This raises the question as to whether the model of vertical integration, a pattern which dominated energy-only markets, has somehow broken down. In this article, peaking plant dynamics are tested using historic data – first as a stand-alone generator, then as part of a merged vertical entity over 16 years of trade. Results reveal the canonical merchant peaking plant remains too risky as a stand-alone project financing, but vertical integration and energy retailer incentives to commit to on-balance sheet peaking plant remains strong, with transaction cost synergies of 13% and investment grade credit quality being contingent on integration. Any lack of commitment must be explained by other variables.

Adaptive Elastic Net with Distance Correlation on the Grouping Effect and Robust of High Dimensional Stock Market Price

Stock market is found in many financial studies. Nonetheless, many of these literatures do not consider on the highly correlated stock market price. In particular, the studies on variable selection, grouping effects and robust dedicated to high dimension stock market price can be considered as scarce. Penalized linear regression using elastic net is one of the recognized methods to perform variable selection. However, the lack of consistency in variable selection may reduce the model performance. Hence, adaptive elastic net with distance correlation (AEDC) is proposed in this study and compared against elastic net, adaptive elastic net with elastic weight and adaptive elastic net with ridge weight. AEDC had lower mean squared error when the alpha increases from 0.05 to 0.95. Thus, the proposed method has successfully contributed to encouraging grouping effects between the highly correlated variables and also has an improved model performance in the presence of robustness.

Perovskite oxides as electrocatalyst for glycerol oxidation

• LaNiO 3 and LaCoO 3 present catalytic activity towards glycerol electrooxidation. • At relatively high potentials, LaNiO 3 and LaCoO 3 are more active than metal oxide. • Substitution of the transition metal can tune the perovskite activity for GEOR. • LaCoO 3 presents high resistance to surface poisoning. • The products of glycerol electrooxidation are mainly glycolate and formate. Glycerol is a co-product from Biodiesel production with high abundance and low market price. Its transformation into valuable products or its use as an alternative source of energy has driven the search for selective catalysts. Herein we show first findings of perovskites as electrocatalysts for glycerol electrooxidation reaction (GEOR). Alternatively to Pt and Pd based catalyst, perovskite oxides (LaNiO 3 and LaCoO 3 ) demonstrated high catalytic performance with faradaic currents of ca. 18 mA mg −1 at potentials higher than 1.6 V vs. RHE. LaCoO 3 exhibited resistance to poisoning during GEOR. Based on in situ FTIR and online HPLC experiments, GEOR on these perovskites yields formate and glycolate as final products, with no evidence of CO 2 formation. Our results indicate that perovskites can be considered as alternative electrocatalysts for the selective oxidation of glycerol, opening the door for a new class of catalysts for polyols oxidation with efficiency in terms of current densities and poisoning resistance.

The Effect of Verbal and Iconic Messages in the Promotion of High-Quality Mountain Cheese: A Non-Hypothetical BDM Approach.

To ensure the sustainable development of mountain livestock farming, the adequate remuneration of high-quality dairy products is fundamental. In this sense, communication strategies aimed at promoting mountain products and ensure better positioning and higher market prices are fundamental. The present research seeks to expand the literature regarding consumers’ willingness to pay for mountain foods by using an online real auction experiment aimed at evaluating the premium price that consumers are willing to pay for summer over winter mountain cheese, depending on the information provided concerning the taste anticipation or animal welfare. The results showed an overall small premium price given to the higher quality summer cheese; this could be, partially, due to a generally low degree of consumer knowledge about mountain dairy farming. With reference to communication strategies, the results provide evidence about the effectiveness of the rational messages founded upon sensorial characteristics and the anticipated taste of cheese. In addition, this study explored that adding a logo had no main effect on the price premium participants were willing to pay. This may be due to the fact that logos and claims, having a lower information content, are more indicated to lead the choice of consumers with a higher level of awareness. In the conclusion section, policy and agribusiness implications of the findings are provided.

Market Timing and Pecking Order Theory in Latin America

This article aims to determine if the capital structure of Latin American companies in the emerging markets of Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Peru, are managed according to the market timing theory or the pecking order theory. The analysis was based on a non-probabilistic sample of 170 companies, with annual data, from an unbalanced panel, in the period 2010-2018. Regressions were applied with the fixed and random effects method. The results do not show significant evidence indicating that Latin American companies comply with the pecking order theory. Furthermore, there is also no definitive evidence that companies benefit from low share prices to issue capital or from debt issuance in the face of high stock market prices. There are signs that they follow a blend of several theories, which would indicate their characteristics in the capital structure of Latin American companies.

Market Timing and Pecking Order Theory in Latin America

This article aims to determine if the capital structure of Latin American companies in the emerging markets of Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Peru, are managed according to the market timing theory or the pecking order theory. The analysis was based on a non-probabilistic sample of 170 companies, with annual data, from an unbalanced panel, in the period 2010-2018. Regressions were applied with the fixed and random effects method. The results do not show significant evidence indicating that Latin American companies comply with the pecking order theory. Furthermore, there is also no definitive evidence that companies benefit from low share prices to issue capital or from debt issuance in the face of high stock market prices. There are signs that they follow a blend of several theories, which would indicate their characteristics in the capital structure of Latin American companies.

​Vermiwash Prepared from Different Combination of Organic Sources to Improve Growth and Yield of Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] for Organic Agriculture

Background: Black gram (Vigna mungo) is one of the most important pulse crops grown throughout the country. It is hardy crop and fixes nitrogen in soil. Organic black gram fetch higher price in market i.e., Rs. 175 whereas other receive Rs. 120. Vermiwash, is one among the organic manures which has high potential to increase the crop growth and yield. Thus, present study aims to evaluate the influence of vermiwash prepared from different combination of organic sources on growth and yield of black gram. Methods: The field experiment was conducted during kharif, 2018 at Organic Farming Unit, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur, with nine treatments [T1= vermiwash from 100% cow dung, T2= vermiwash from 100% buffalo dung, T3= vermiwash from 50% cow dung + 25% dry farm waste + 25% green farm waste, T4= vermiwash from 50% buffalo dung + 25% dry farm waste + 25% green farm waste, T5= vermiwash from 90% green waste incubated with 10% cow dung, T6= vermiwash from 90% green waste incubated with 10% buffalo dung, T7= vermiwash from 90% dry waste incubated with 10% cow dung, T8= vermiwash from 90% dry waste incubated with 10% buffalo dung and T9= water spray (control)] and were replicated thrice in Randomize Block Design. Result: The result of experiment revealed that the application of vermiwash from 100% cow dung significant influence towards growth parameters and yield attributes thus achieved maximum seed yield, haulm yield and B:C ratio (2.3). On the basis of field performance, it may be concluded that the treatment T1(top dressing in two equal split application at the rate of 10% at initiation of flowering and 15 days after 1st spray) may be recommended as a better organic package of blackgram.

LED Intercanopy Lighting in Blackberry During Spring Improves Yield as a Result of Increased Number of Fruiting Laterals and Has a Positive Carryover Effect on Autumn Yield.

High market price and low availability of local winter and spring production has stimulated production of blackberries in glasshouses at northern latitudes. For this production, light is the main limiting factor. We investigated the potential of intercanopy lighting (ICL) using light emitting diodes (LEDs) to improve blackberry fruit yield in a crop with a spring and an autumn production cycle. During the spring production cycle three light treatments were applied: only natural light (no ICL), 93 or 185 μmol m–2 s–1 ICL In summer the lateral shoots were cut back and 93 μmol m–2 s–1 ICL was applied to all plants after cutting back, investigating a possible carryover effect of supplemental light in spring on autumn production. Fresh fruit yield in spring increased by 79 and 122% with 93 and 185 μmol m–2 s–1 ICL, respectively, compared to no ICL. This represents 3.6 and 2.8% increase in harvestable product for every additional 1% of light. A yield component analysis and leaf photosynthesis measurements were conducted. Maximum photosynthetic capacity (Amax) for leaves at 185 μmol m–2 s–1 ICL was about 50% higher, and LAI was 41% higher compared to no ICL. ICL increased the number of fruiting laterals per cane, and this explained 75% of the increase in yield. ICL at 185 μmol m–2 s–1 resulted in a higher yield compared to no ICL, primarily as a result of higher total dry matter production. Furthermore, a higher fraction of dry matter partitioned to the fruits (0.59 compared to 0.52) contributed to yield increase, whereas fruit dry matter content and fruit quality (sugar and acid content) was not affected by ICL. Averaged over the three light treatments autumn yield was 47% lower than spring yield. Autumn yield was 10% higher for plants at ICL 93 μmol m–2 s–1 in spring and 36% higher for plants at 185 μmol m–2 s–1 in spring compared to no ICL in spring. This increased autumn yield was caused by more fruiting laterals (less necrotic buds). It is concluded that management practices in spring can have a carryover effect on the autumn production. This is the first scientific paper on the potential for applying LED ICL in blackberries. Further research should focus on optimal intensity of ICL, positioning of supplementary lighting and economic feasibility.

Production Costs and Benefits of Japonica Rice in Mwea, Kenya

From the perspective of national food security, strengthening domestic rice production is an urgent issue for Kenya. For this purpose, it is helpful to consider varieties that generate novel and competitive values different from those of conventional varieties. Recently, domestic japonica rice, which is now being distributed, has become an attractive variety with a high market price and its production is expected to increase. Although it is competitive and promising as a crop for small-scale farmers, the production stage costs and benefits are not clear. Thus, a study was conducted to perform a cost–benefit analysis of japonica rice in comparison to conventional rice at the production stage and evaluate strategies for strengthening the domestic production of rice. We conducted an experimental cultivation of japonica rice in the Mwea region, Kenya, where japonica rice is produced. As a result, although production costs for japonica rice are higher than costs for conventional varieties (24.46 KSh/kg versus 22.63 KSh/kg), when a high-yielding variety is grown (6.44 tons/ha for japonica rice compared to 6.07 tons/ha for conventional rice), a larger net profit can be obtained (65.54 KSh/kg versus 32.37 KSh/kg). We believe that initiatives to improve difficulties at the production stage would make the production of both japonica rice and conventional rice more economically viable and facilitate strengthening of the overall domestic rice production.

Morphometric and energetic development of artificially reared giant kōkopu (Galaxias argenteus)

The larvae of some freshwater fish species of the Galaxiidae family are highly-prized in local cuisines in parts of the Southern Hemisphere, however, supplies from wild fisheries are limited. In New Zealand, the larval form of giant kōkopu, Galaxias argenteus, has long been held as a potentially viable aquaculture species due to its high market price (US$70–115 kg−1) and the limited supply of ‘whitebait’ from the wild fishery. However, little is known about the larval stages of this species and the current culture techniques result in poor growth performance and high mortality. This study describes aspects of the morphological development, and larval feeding requirements of giant kōkopu to assist in advancing their aquaculture. Morphometric characteristics of larval giant kōkopu that are critical to the success of larviculture were measured over the 77 day production period, from hatch to harvest. The initial slow growth of the larvae appears to be a result of rapid depletion of endogenous energy reserves prior to initiation of first feeding, while the extent of eye pigmentation and the presence of an open mouth upon hatching indicate that initiating feed provision should be brought forward from 3 DAH. Mouth gape width at hatch was 348 μm and increased rapidly in the first four weeks to 651 μm suggesting that larger live feed items could be used as the initial feed, such as instar-II Artemia. At harvest, the larvae varied enormously in size and condition, with larger fish showing early signs of metamorphosis, such as increasing opacity of flesh and coloration of internal organs. The extent of this variability reduces productivity, increases waste and results in a lower quality product. The results confirm that an improved understanding of the developmental biology of the larvae can assist in providing a more effective feeding regime, particularly for determining the timing of first feed provision and the feed particle size requirements throughout larval development. Consequently, heterogenous growth performance is an aspect of production that needs further attention for developing the efficient aquaculture production of this species.

English

Roselle (Hibiscus subdariffa L.) has been used in number of dishes, beverages and conventional remedy of diseases for centuries. It is popular for its edible fleshy calyces and leaves that are used for making salads, tea, juices, jams, jellies, icecreams and many other products. In many countries of the world fresh calyces of roselle are harvested to produce pro health drink due to its high vitamin C and anthocyanins contents. But in bangaladesh roselle leaves and calyces are used as vegetables and its fibre is used as jute substitute. Roselle is also famous for its high nutritional and medicinal values. Nutritional analysis of calyces of roselle showed that they are high in calcium, iron, niacin, and riboflavin. It is also a source of antioxidants, anthocyanins which acts as free radical scavengers and inhibit lipid per-oxidation. Roselle is a multipurpose crop and has great potential to increase the income of farmers, producers, processors by fetching high market price both from export and local market.

The influence of Russia's 2010/2011 wheat export ban on spatial market integration and transaction costs of grain markets

AbstractStrong harvest shortfall and high world market prices prompted the Russian government to implement a wheat export ban in 2010 aiming to dampen domestic wheat prices. Building on regional price and trade data of Russia's wheat producing regions, we find strengthened domestic wheat market integration during the export ban period. Market integration decreased to its pre‐ban level in the post‐ban period; however, higher transaction costs resulting from increased risk of domestic grain trade during the export ban continued to prevail. Although market integration was temporarily strengthened, the export ban generally hampers market development in the long run.

Use of headspace GC/MS combined with chemometric analysis to identify the geographic origins of black tea

Some black teas demand high market prices. Black tea samples (306) collected from 10 geographic origins, including China (Guxi, Likou, Jinzipai, Guichi, Dongzhi, Changning, Wuyishan, Shaowu), India (Darjeeling), and Sri Lanka (Kandy), were analyzed using headspace volatilization followed by GC/MS (HS-GC/MS). Forty-eight volatile compounds were identified. The aroma compounds were mainly identified as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and esters. Analysis of either full-spectrum data or 22 tea compounds shared among the samples with k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) and Random Forest (RF) models discriminated all origins at 100% using KNN and 95% with RF using either data set. The discrimination rates using 2 key aroma compounds (linalool and geraniol) by k-NN were 100% for nine origins, with the rate for Guxi area at 89%, because 3 samples were classified to Jinzipai. The findings support the use of HS-GC/MS combined with chemometrics as a tool to identify the origin of black tea.