High Lipid Accumulation Product Research Articles

Relationship Between Alcohol Intake and Lipid Accumulation Product in Middle-aged Men

Lipid accumulation product (LAP), defined as a product of waist circumference and triglycerides, has recently been proposed as a predictor of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to determine whether and how LAP is associated with alcohol drinking. Subjects were 21,378 men aged 35-60 years and they were divided by alcohol intake into non-, light (<22 g ethanol/day), heavy (≥22 and <44 g ethanol/day) and very heavy (≥44 g ethanol/day) drinkers. Relationships between alcohol intake and LAP were analyzed by using multivariate analyses with adjustment for age, smoking and habitual exercise. Log-transformed LAP levels in light drinkers and very heavy drinkers were significantly (P < 0.01) lower and higher, respectively, than the level in non-drinkers, and the levels were comparable in non- and heavy drinkers (non-drinkers, 1.335 ± 0.005; light drinkers, 1.290 ± 0.009; heavy drinkers, 1.348 ± 0.005 and very heavy drinkers, 1.414 ± 0.006). The inverse association of alcohol intake with LAP was more prominent in smokers and subjects without regular exercise than in non-smokers and subjects with regular exercise, respectively, while the positive association of alcohol with LAP was more prominent in non-smokers than in smokers. Odds ratio for hyperglycemia of subjects with vs. subjects without high LAP was significantly higher than a reference level of 1.00, and this association was not different among the four alcohol groups. There is a J-shaped relationship between alcohol intake and LAP, which is confounded by smoking and habitual exercise.

Inverse associations between light-to-moderate alcohol intake and lipid-related indices in patients with diabetes

BackgroundDyslipidemia is a common complication in patients with diabetes and is involved in being prone to cardiovascular disease. The risk of coronary artery disease is known to be lower in light-to-moderate drinkers than in abstainers. The aim of this study was to clarify whether and how alcohol drinking influences the lipid-related indices, good predictors for cardiovascular disease, such as the ratio of LDL cholesterol to HDL cholesterol (LDL-C/HDL-C ratio), the ratio of triglycerides to HDL cholesterol (TG/HDL-C ratio), and the lipid accumulation product (LAP), in patients with diabetes.MethodsThe subjects were men with diabetes (n = 1477; mean age, 54.0 years) and they were divided into non-, light (< 22 g ethanol/day), moderate (≥ 22 and < 44 g ethanol/day) and heavy (≥ 44 g ethanol/day) drinkers. The relationships between alcohol intake and the lipid-related indices were investigated by the multivariate analyses with adjustment for age, smoking, regular exercise and drug therapy for diabetes.ResultsThe odds ratio (OR) vs. nondrinkers for high LDL-C/HDL-C ratio tended to be lower with an increase in alcohol intake (OR with 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.80 [0.50-1.29] in light drinkers; 0.24 [0.15-0.38] in moderate drinkers and 0.10 [0.05-0.19] in heavy drinkers). Alcohol intake showed an inverse association with a high TG/HDL-C ratio (OR with 95% CI vs. nondrinkers for high TG/HDL-C ratio: 0.54 [0.36-0.80] in light drinkers; 0.73 [0.56-0.97] in moderate drinkers and 0.72 [0.53-0.98] in heavy drinkers) and a J-shaped relationship with a high LAP (OR with 95% CI vs. nondrinkers for high LAP: 0.66 [0.43-1.02] in light drinkers; 0.82 [0.61-1.10] in moderate drinkers, and 1.29 [0.95-1.77] in heavy drinkers). Similar associations between alcohol intake and the lipid indices were obtained in a covariance analysis.ConclusionsIn patients with diabetes, light-to-moderate alcohol consumption is inversely associated with lipid-related indices, and this correlates with previous findings of cardiovascular risk reduction by modest drinking in patients with diabetes.

The Lipid Accumulation Product Is Associated With Increased Mortality in Normal Weight Postmenopausal Women

Lipid accumulation product (LAP) is an emerging cardiovascular risk factor, which is calculated from waist circumference (WC) and triglyceride (TG) levels. The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between LAP and cardiovascular mortality as well as the presence of type 2 diabetes with respect to gender-specific differences. We determined WC and fasting TG levels and the cardiovascular and metabolic phenotypes coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus in 2,279 men and 875 postmenopausal women who were routinely referred to coronary angiography. The LAP was calculated as (WC (cm)--65) × (TG (mmol/l)) for men and as (WC (cm)--58) × (TG (mmol/l)) for women. LAP levels were independently associated with congestive heart failure mortality in all postmenopausal women and with all-cause mortality in diabetic postmenopausal women but not in men. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (with 95% confidence intervals) for all-cause, cardiovascular, and congestive heart failure mortality in the third compared to the first LAP tertile were 4.28 (1.94-9.44; P < 0.001), 3.47 (1.28-9.40; P = 0.015), and 10.77 (1.21-95.88; P = 0.033), respectively, in normal weight postmenopausal women, whereas no significant associations were found in men. LAP levels were highly associated with type 2 diabetes in all subjects, postmenopausal women, and men. High LAP values are predictive of mortality independently of other cardiovascular risk factors in normal weight and diabetic postmenopausal women but not in men. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) was highly associated with LAP in women and men. Our study validates an inexpensive and simple risk profiling that may allow identifying postmenopausal women at high cardiovascular risk.

Variations in the fat mass and obesity–associated (FTO) gene are related to glucose levels and higher lipid accumulation product in postmenopausal women from southern Brazil

To test the association between polymorphisms rs9939609 T>A and rs8050136 A>C of the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene and metabolic and cardiovascular variables in postmenopause. Cross-sectional study. University hospital. A total of 135 postmenopausal women (mean age 52 ± 4 years). Anthropometric measurements and collection of blood samples. Blood pressure, metabolic variables, and FTO genotype. The frequency of polymorphism rs9939609 was 43.7% for the wild TT genotype, 43.0% for TA, and 13.3% for AA. The frequency of the rs8050136 polymorphism was 12.6% for the wild AA genotype, 39.3% for AC, and 48.1% for CC. The polymorphic AA genotype of the SNP rs9939609 was associated with higher glucose levels and lipid accumulation product (LAP) index, whereas the wild AA genotype of the SNP rs8050136 was associated with higher LAP. The rs9939609 polymorphism in the FTO gene is related to abnormal glucose levels and with LAP, a surrogate marker of diabetes and cardiovascular risk in postmenopause. Further studies are needed in different ethnic backgrounds to confirm the clinical relevance of these associations.