High Level Of Socio-economic Development Research Articles

Global burden of multiple sclerosis and its attributable risk factors, 1990–2019

BackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressively debilitating disorder that has seen a notable rise in prevalence in recent years. This study examines the burden of MS from 1990 to 2019, providing a detailed analysis by age, sex, and sociodemographic index (SDI) across 204 countries and territories.MethodsData on the prevalence, death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to MS were obtained from the publically available Global Burden of Disease 2019 project. The estimates are reported as numbers, percentages, and age-standardized rates per 100,000, accompanied by 95% uncertainty intervals.ResultsIn 2019, MS accounted for 1.8 million prevalent cases, 22.4 thousand deaths and 1.2 million DALYs worldwide. There were significant declines in the global age-standardized prevalence, mortality and DALY rates of MS over the period 1990–2019. In 2019, females exhibited a higher global point prevalence and a greater total number of prevalent MS cases than males across all age groups. At the regional level, a non-linear relationship was observed between the age-standardized DALY rate of MS and SDI.ConclusionAlthough the global age-standardized DALY rate of MS decreased between 1990 and 2019, MS continues to account for a considerable number of DALYs and prevalent cases. Integrating MS and its associated risk factors into healthcare planning is vital, especially in areas with high levels of socioeconomic development.

Investigating the prevalence burden of peptic ulcer disease in older adults aged 70+ from 1990 to 2019: an analysis of Global Disease Burden Studies

Background Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) affects individuals aged ≥70 years globally, exerting a significant impact on their health and well-being. Understanding its epidemiological evolution and associated factors is crucial for guiding interventions and improving management. Methods This study utilized Global Burden of Disease Study data to examine the prevalence and temporal changes of PUD in individuals aged 70 years and older between 1990 and 2019. The analysis included assessing estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) to investigate temporal trends and regional variations. Results Over the past 30 years, the number of individuals aged 70 years and above suffering from PUD globally has increased from 1 065 730 cases in 1990 to 1 608 463 cases in 2019. Despite an increasing number of cases, the prevalence of PUD among the elderly has exhibited a steady decline, with an EAPC of −1.47 (95% confidence interval: −1.57 to −1.37) over this timeframe. In 2019, the prevalence rates of PUD among individuals aged 70–74, 75–79, 80–84, and 85 years and older were 313.36, 365.77, 388.45, and 352.51 per 100 000 population, respectively. South Asia, high-income North America, and Central Sub-Saharan Africa were the regions with the highest prevalence rates of PUD in 2019, with rates of 624.90, 575.48, and 474.80 per 100 000 population, respectively. At the national level, Ireland, Australia, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, and Bangladesh have effectively managed the burden of PUD among the elderly, achieving the greatest reduction. Additionally, regions with higher levels of socioeconomic development tended to have relatively lower burdens of PUD among the elderly, and prevalence rates varied across different regions and age groups. Conclusion Our study highlights the enduring burden of PUD among the global elderly population, emphasizing the significance of tailored interventions to address this pressing issue. This research underscores the critical need for targeted public health strategies aimed at improving outcomes specifically for older adults affected by PUD.

Spatial evolution of global household clean cooking energy transition: Convergent clubs and drivers

An understanding of the spatial evolution of global household energy and its determinants is needed to achieve global access to clean cooking energy before 2030. Based on a novel global household energy database, we adopt the log t regression test to identify the global trend and find the potential convergent clubs. Besides, we utilize Random Forest method and Ordered Probit model to investigate the drivers affecting the club convergence. As a result: (1) The global sample exhibits divergence from 2000 to 2020; (2) The 191 countries and regions can be classified into 3 convergent clubs, characterized by significant disparities in both the mean and growth rate of their access to clean energy; (3) Per capita GDP, urbanization level, infrastructure development, and educational attainment are identified as the most important factors influencing the club convergence; (4) Countries with a higher level of socio-economic development generally have a higher proportion of residents using clean fuels, with gas energy playing a pivotal role in driving this transformation. This paper adds more evidence to understand the disparity of global household cooking energy use, we propose that economic and infrastructure development, education attainment, and international cooperation are favorable.

Assessing the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Environmental Sustainability in China

Environmental sustainability is crucial to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We can gain an overview of a region’s or country’s dynamics by quantifying and analyzing its patterns over time and space. It can then be used to develop more sustainable policies. This study created a database of indices covering China’s environment, economy, and resource domains. Using an improved Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI) approach, we assessed sustainability and its spatiotemporal dynamics in 31 Chinese provinces between 2000 and 2017. Our findings suggest that provinces with high levels of socioeconomic development tend to have higher environmental scores, especially after experiencing severe environmental issues. Some underdeveloped provinces achieved high scores due to their relatively low environmental pressure and high resource efficiency. However, most underdeveloped provinces had high environmental pressure and low resource efficiency, leading to low environmental sustainability. We also discovered that sustainability scores improved between 2000 and 2017, mainly due to socioeconomic advancements. Yet, some environmental issues, such as air pollution, worsened during the latter part. Therefore, we confirmed an inverted U-curve relationship between environmental, resource, and socioeconomic components. Clustering analysis based on provincial economic and demographic characteristics also revealed different chronological patterns of environmental scores across the clusters. Additionally, we detected the transfer of pollution from developed to less-developed regions during the early 2000s.

How does the digital economy impact the green upgrading of manufacturing? Perspectives on technological innovation and resource allocation

ABSTRACT This study aims to examine the impact and driving mechanisms of the digital economy (DGE) on the green upgrade of manufacturing (MGU) within the context of low-carbon development. This study focuses on China as the research sample, using panel data from 2011 to 2019, covering both provincial and industry levels. It is tested through econometric empirical methods such as panel fixed effects, and mediation effects. The results demonstrate that the DGE plays a crucial part in driving the MGU, principally by improving resource allocation efficiency and advancing technological innovation. Relative to manufacturing efficiency improvements, DGE more substantially promotes MGU towards green and environmentally friendly development. Further heterogeneity analysis reveals that the effect of manufacturing upgrades is more pronounced in China’s eastern regions and areas with higher levels of socio-economic development and greater market potential. Building upon these findings, the paper offers a suite of policy recommendations including the judicious advancement of digital transformation and technological innovation, optimizing resource allocation and achieving lean production, and implementing region-specific green digital management. It is expected to provide experience for China and the world to learn from in addressing climate change and promoting green transformation in the development mode.

Watershed water policy based on a glacier water service perspective in the typical glacier basins, Western China

Abstract Taking the Yangtze River Source Basin (YRSB) and Shule River Basin (SRB) as two typical cases, the sustainability of the water resources in these two basins was evaluated using the level of water stress (LWS) from sustainable development goal 6.4.2, and the regulating effect of the glacier runoff on the LWS was quantified. From 2000 to 2030, the level of socioeconomic development in the YRSB is low, and the total water consumption is only about 0.18 × 108 m3, whereas the SRB has a relatively high level of socioeconomic development and total water consumption is about 10 × 108 m3, i.e., 50 times higher than that in the YRSB. For the aforementioned reasons, the SRB's LWS is much higher than the YRSB's, resulting in a very low sustainability of water resources. As natural assets, glaciers flow downstream in the runoff mode, so compensation at the watershed scale should be considered. In the basin, the optimal allocation of water resources is needed. At the inter-basin scale, the compensation mechanism of glacier water resources needs to be improved.

Measuring the Efficiency of Turkish Research Universities via Two-Stage Network DEA with Shared Inputs Model

The efficiency of universities, which have a network structure of production process, is an essential component of performance measurement in education. However, most previous studies use traditional Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), which disregards the network structure of the production process in universities. This study adopts a two-stage Network Data Envelopment Analysis (NDEA) with shared inputs model to assess the overall, teaching and research efficiencies of Turkish research universities. The findings show that only 6 out of 23 research universities are efficient, and some universities with lower world rankings are more efficient than those with higher rankings. On the other hand, no significant difference was found between the efficiency levels of regions with a high level of socio-economic development and regions with a relatively low level of socio-economic development. The study also evaluates the effects of different priority scenarios on efficiency and the optimal allocation of shared inputs between sub-processes. This study provides guidance for universities seeking to improve their performance and for the Council of Higher Education (CHE) in determining incentives for research universities. It also promotes the use of multi-stage NDEA with shared inputs model over traditional DEA for accurate efficiency assessment in the field of education.

Research on the association between the occurrence of spermarche and menarche and psychological distress among Chinese children and adolescents aged 9-18 years

Objective: To analyze the association between the occurrence of spermarche and menarche and psychological distress among Chinese Han children and adolescents aged 9 to 18 years. Methods: Data were drawn from the 2019 Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health, and a total of 54 438 boys aged 11 to 18 years and 76 376 girls aged 9 to 18 years with psychological distress, spermarche/menarche records were included in the final analysis. The occurrence of spermarche/menarche was recorded by physicians, and psychological distress was classified according to the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale scores. The chi-square test was used to compare the difference between groups in the occurrence of spermarche/menarche, and the multinomial logistic regression model and stratification analysis was established to analyze the association between psychological distress and spermarche/menarche. Results: The incidence of spermarche/menarche in 2019 ranged from 6.3% to 96.5% for eight age groups of Chinese boys and 2.8% to 99.0% for ten age groups of girls. The rates of high psychological distress among boys and girls were 32.5% and 32.7%. Among boys aged 11 to 18 years, the rate of high psychological distress increased with age, with a trend test P<0.001, and the difference in the rate of high psychological distress between those who had and had not had their spermarche was not statistically significant in all age groups. Among girls aged 9 to 18 years, the rate of high psychological distress increased with age, with a trend P<0.001; the rate of high psychological distress was higher in the group with menarche at age 10 and 12 than in the group without menarche (all P<0.05). High psychological distress was positively correlated with spermarche among boys aged 13-15 years living in urban areas and hight level economic development areas (OR=1.11, 95%CI: 1.02-1.21;OR=1.18, 95%CI: 1.06-1.32). Overall, high psychological distress was positively correlated with menarche in girls aged 9-12 and 13-15 years (OR=1.33, 95%CI: 1.25-1.42; OR=1.22, 95%CI: 1.07-1.39). High psychological distress was positively correlated with menarche among girls aged 9-12 years living in different regions except for the Northeast region, in areas with different levels of economic development, and in urban and rural areas, in girls aged 13-15 years living in urban, central, and western regions, and in girls aged 16-18 years residing in the central region. Conclusions: This study found an association between the occurrence of spermarche/menarche and psychological distress among Chinese Han children and adolescents aged 9 to 18 years in 2019, which was particularly significant among girls aged 9 to 12 years and boys aged 13 to 15 years living in areas with higher levels of socioeconomic development.

Razrabotka modeli gibridnogo obucheniya muzykantov-ispolnitelej na osnove obrazovaniya, osnovannogo na rezul'tatah, s uchetom mezhdunarodnogo opyta

Countries with a high level of socio-economic development, faced with global challenges and undesirable consequences of the pandemic of COVID-19, declared their orientation towards reforms in many areas, one of which was education. Today, a new development vector has been proclaimed in this area - the creation of a system that will be minimally exposed to external threats and will contribute to the achievement of national results. This article is devoted to the analysis of international experience in creating a model of education based on results.

The effect of official intervention on reducing the use of potentially discriminatory language during the COVID-19 pandemic in China

This study used the Baidu Index to analyze searches using discriminatory language toward the source of the outbreak during the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study found a strong correlation between official intervention and a reduction in searches using discriminatory language. Following the official naming of the virus bt the government, the general public understood that searches using discriminatory language should be avoided, and search behavior dramatically changed. Meanwhile, this study also found that official intervention also overcame the effects of local socioeconomic factors. Regions with higher levels of socioeconomic development and higher population density had a stronger discriminatory language in internet searches, while the opposite was the case for regions with lower CPI and unemployment rates. However, after the official intervention, these factors no longer had a significant effect. It is recommended that officials worldwide provide early official media guidance during infectious disease outbreaks to reduce the use of discriminatory language and ensure the delivery of transparent and effective information to the public.

A Intervenção Social com Pessoas em Situação de Sem-Abrigo: O papel das políticas sociais de âmbito nacional e local

The homelessness phenomenon presents itself as a problem that, even in societies with higher levels of socioeconomic development, has drawn political attention because it constitutes the most serious manifestation of social exclusion, which has provided the design of national and local social poli-cies in recent years.This article results from the reflections of a curricular internship in Social Work and intends to contribute to the systematization of the social policy instruments aimed at homeless people at the national and local levels. For this purpose, the social problem under analysis was con-ceptualized, political approaches and proposals at the national and local levels were identified, and the intervention of social workers was analyzed considering the main principles, models and ins-truments and systematized the intervention contexts of Social Work in the city of Porto. Finally, the necessity to deepen the study of this theme is reiterated, using contributions from different discipli-nary areas, with a special focus on Social Work, its potentialities and limitations.

Integrated policymaking: Institutional designs for implementing the sustainable development goals (SDGs)

Increased policy coherence and integrated implementation are necessary to address pressing development problems that cut across different sectors. Meeting these demands, as called for by the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, requires institutional innovation. Based on the comparative analysis of 137 countries, this paper investigates how governments have responded to this call and which contextual factors shape their institutional responses. We propose a four-dimensional typology to analyse the institutional set-ups for implementing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), focusing on political leadership, horizontal integration across policy sectors, vertical integration across levels of government, and integration of societal stakeholders. We apply this framework to the descriptions of national SDG-implementation bodies provided by governments in their Voluntary National Review (VNRs) and use qualitative directed content analysis and regression modelling to investigate different driving factors of institutional design choices, including socio-economic development and political regime. Besides a strong commitment from the Centre of Government in most cases, our results show that ministries of the exterior and the environment have a dominant role, indicating that sustainability is not yet perceived holistically. Further, we find that the integration of subnational governments and societal actors is often under-institutionalised: while countries with higher levels of socio-economic development appear more likely to set up mechanisms suited to achieving cross-sectoral integration, political regime type seems to have little impact on institutional design choices for SDG implementation. Conceptually, this study offers a theory-led investigation of the institutional mechanisms for integrated SDG-implementation and the factors that drive institutional innovation or inertia. Empirically, by compiling the information in an original dataset, our study paves the way for future cross-national analysis on effective integrated SDG implementation and identifies entry points for inter- and transnational support of integrated SDG implementation in the context of development cooperation.

Bulgaria's Technological Development Through the Prism of Higher Education Policies

The current paper aims at studying the technological development and the economic growth related with it from the perspective of the development of human brains and cognitive abilities of people, thus linking it to the educational framework, strategies, and policies, which a country sets as a basis for such development. The paper focuses on the technological development of Bulgaria and relating it to the country’s educational development. The research question set in the current paper is if and how technological development of a country is influenced by its educational policies in the field of higher education. Main results of the study show that Bulgaria has implemented a number of educational changes during the past 30 years, arguing that doing so will assist the nation achieve higher levels of socioeconomic development. There are still significant educational inequalities based on location and socioeconomic background, and overall productivity increases have not yet fully translated into sustainable and equitable growth in Bulgaria.

Spatial features of trade in goods between Ukrainian regions and France

Trade relations with EU countries have intensified since the signing of the EU-Ukraine Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (DCFTA). The EU lifted trade restrictions on Ukrainian exports and allowed Ukraine to expand trade in goods with the most developed countries, including France. In this paper, we aim to exam-ine the spatial features of trade between Ukrainian regions and France in the context of growing trade and economic relations. We applied various methods such as comparative geographical analysis, statistical analysis, mapping, time series approach, typology and correlation analysis to study the dynamics of trade in goods between Ukrainian regions and France from 2017 to 2021 and to reveal the main geographical features in the distribution of export-import flows. Trade turnover with France increased the most in regions with a high level of socio-economic development. It was found that trade between the regions of Ukraine and France is characterised by spatial asymmetry due to the element of geographical distance. Compared to the eastern regions, the western regions have a higher volume of exports and imports of commodities and a higher coefficient of trade linkage with France. In the spatial differentiation of trade in goods between Ukraine and France, there is a high variability and asymmetry in export and import measures.

COMPETITIVENESS: REGIONAL ASPECT

The modern development of the economy is characterized by the strengthening of competitive relations at various levels. Competition and competitive relations are the basis for the functioning of the market economy and are its main manifestation. Competition is the rivalry that arises between the participants of competitive relations, the best operating conditions in the market. The regional aspect of the development of competition is of increasing interest among modern scientists. It is especially strengthened in conditions of decentralization and the growing role of regions. The level of competitiveness of the region is one of the most important comprehensive indicators characterizing its social and economic development. Competitiveness is the main economic category that reflects the level of development of the subject of competition. Regional aspects of competitiveness research are of particular interest in the context of the processes of decentralization, globalization and the strengthening of the role of regions in the formation of a competitive economy at both the national and international levels. The high level of socio-economic development of each region is the basis of strengthening the country’s economy. The region is the subject for the formation of competitiveness of which efforts should be directed both at the national and regional levels. The purpose of the article is to analyze approaches to determining the essence of the region and its competitiveness, to clarify their content. The article summarizes the main approaches of scientists to the interpretation of such economic categories as «region» and «competitiveness», defines the role of regions in competitive relations. Manifestations of competitiveness at the regional level, interdependence of competitiveness at different levels are studied. The essence of the category «economy of the region» and its role in the development of the region are determined. Competitiveness is an important outcome of economic competition at the regional level. Rivalry arises in various directions: regarding the attraction of qualified labor, the production of competitive products based on the effective use of regional natural resources and conditions, the attraction of investments, the effective distribution and exchange of material goods. Competitiveness is one of the most important comprehensive characteristics of the region’s development, as it includes indicators of an economic and social nature.

Sustainable Development of Rural Areas in the Conditions of Globalization: Ukrainian Realities

Ukrainian agriculture remains one of the most problematic sectors of the national economy, and revolutionary processes in rural areas are today in the center of attention of national scientists, politicians, and public representatives. The article carries out a scientific study related to the search for the fundamental reasons for the low effectiveness of reform decisions and actions implemented in Ukraine with the aim of bringing the level of development of Ukrainian rural areas closer to the EU standards. Such research can become the basis for forecasting trends in the development of rural areas of Ukraine in the medium and long term. It can also serve as a reliable basis for applied mechanisms of reforming the agro-industrial complex in the post-war period and the evolution of rural areas of Ukraine in the context of European integration.&#x0D; It is noted that from the point of view of European integration, there is a natural, labor, technical, technological, scientific and information potential for the development of rural areas of Ukraine. At the same time, there is a need to find alternative approaches to the development of rural areas of Ukraine, in particular, focusing on those principles that ensure effective development of rural areas of EU member states.&#x0D; Improving the economic security of the country and transitioning to a higher level of socio-economic development is impossible without the creation of a comprehensive, scientifically based strategy for the development of rural areas on the basis of sustainability.

Геоинформационные технологии в исследовании инновационной инфраструктуры регионов России

The article is devoted to the use of geoinformation systems and technologies to study the territorial organization of innovative activities in the regions of Russia. The main attention is paid to the identification and analysis of spatial patterns of localization of the main components of the innovative infrastructure—innovative territorial clusters and technology parks. Such aspects of their functioning as organizational and legal status, overall quantity, quantity of participants and number of employees are considered. Significant unevenness in the placement of these objects of technical and technological infrastructure has been revealed. The most developed innovative infrastructure is in large agglomerations of European Russia. This is due to the high level of socio-economic development, significant diversification of the economy, the presence of a large number of scientific institutions and universities, a high concentration of innovative enterprises and main markets for innovative goods and services. The use of GIS technologies is an effective method for identifying and analyzing the spatial patterns of the functioning of important objects of industrial and technological infrastructure (technoparks and innovative territorial clusters) in terms of their dynamics, organizational and legal status, the number of employees and determining the prospects for the development of these objects of innovative infrastructure. The results of the study, obtained on the basis of the analysis of spatial data on innovation activity in the regions of Russia, are necessary for organizations and decision makers to form regional and federal policies aimed at achieving the country’s leadership in certain high-tech industries. The end result of an effective innovation policy is to improve the quality of life of the country’s population. Further formation of the innovation infrastructure should be based on the development of an effective marketing strategy for the commercialization of innovations, improvement of the education system and diversification of all components of the innovative infrastructure. Geo-information technologies are the most effective means of identifying the level of diversification of innovative infrastructure due to the ability to visualize the level of concentration of various infrastructure facilities.

Small business as a factor of sustainable development of rural areas of the regions of Russia on the example of social service enterprises

The article is devoted to the analysis of the current state and prospects for the development of small business, contributing to the sustainable development of rural areas in the regions of Russia. The paper presents modern statistical data, on the basis of which we can talk about the active and dynamic growth of small business in many countries of the world, which may be one of the fundamental factors in the formation of economic systems, both in individual regions and in the states as a whole. The territorial specialization of small business has been determined as an addition to the “big” economy, which has formed a relatively holistic, complex structure of the economy of regions and municipalities, cities and rural areas. The article offers a general overview of registered small businesses in our country and is revealed. that traditionally the maximum number of them falls on the sphere of trade and public catering, which is primarily due to the relatively low start-up costs for these types of business and the relatively fast turnover of capital. Naturally, the largest number of them is concentrated in the largest regions of Russia with a relatively high level of socio-economic development. Nevertheless, global urbanization has an active influence on the development of small business in rural areas of the regions of Russia. Particular attention in the development of small business in rural areas is paid to the provision of services; the Rostov region is considered as an example of active development.

СТАТИСТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ВЛИЯНИЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ НА ОКРУЖАЮЩУЮ СРЕДУ И СОСТОЯНИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ СФЕРЫ В РЕГИОНАХ ПФО

One of the conditions for ensuring a high level of socio-economic development is sustainable economic growth. Such growth implies an increase in the use of resources and an increase in the scale of production. The consequence of this may be an increase in the negative impact on the natural environment, leading to a deterioration in the state of the social sphere, in particular, the health of the population and life expectancy. Therefore, ensuring the appropriate quality of economic growth is a prerequisite for regional development. This article is devoted to the study at the regional level of the relationship between economic growth, environmental impact and the state of the social sphere on the example of the subjects of the Volga Federal District. The study found that environmental factors may influence the state of the social sphere in the current and subsequent periods. The nature of such influence varies for different regions. In general, with economic growth in the subjects of the Volga Federal District, a positive decoupling effect is observed. External shocks in some regions can lead to deterioration of environmental indicators.

Overweight increases COVID-19 morbidity and mortality

Currently, the COVID-19 pandemic is characterized by a significant decrease in mortality, however, the scale of infection of the population with SARS-CoV-2 is many times higher than the results of previous waves, so scientific research related to understanding the fundamental principles of the processes of origin and development of COVID-19 is extremely relevant today and will remain relevant for a long time to come. The scientific community is actively discussing the paradoxical effect of an avalanche-like morbidity and mortality of the population in most countries that are at a high level of socio-economic development, one of the reasons for which may be the prevalence of overweight people. The authors carried out a correlation analysis of the relationships between the prevalence of overweight (OW) in men and women in 173 countries of the world, incidence and mortality, the value of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita of the state, and the human development index (HDI). A review of the state of the problem and our statistical calculations clearly indicate that the prevalence of overweight is accompanied by an increase in the incidence and mortality of the population from COVID-19. The level of incidence and mortality of the population is associated with an exponential relationship with the prevalence of overweight both among the male and female population of the state. The prevalence of overweight has a slightly stronger effect on the increase in morbidity compared to the increase in mortality. The degree of association between incidence/mortality and the prevalence of overweight among men/women in 2021 is lower than in 2020, but the difference is not significant. This suggests that large-scale vaccination of the population in countries with high GDP per capita and high HDI only marginally reduced the impact of OW prevalence on COVID-19 incidence and mortality. The prevalence of overweight in the population is directly proportional to GDP per capita and, to a greater extent, to the HDI. This, in the opinion of the authors, is one of the main reasons for the significantly higher incidence and mortality in countries with a high level of socioeconomic development/