Higher Levels Of Social Well-being Research Articles

Социальное самочувствие жителей Бурятии (по материалам социологического исследования 2023 г.)

The article deals with the social well-being of the residents of Buryatia in modern socio-political conditions. The content and conclusions are based on the results of a sociological study conducted in Buryatia in 2023. The article analyzes the indicators characterizing the social well-being of the respondents: the level of social opti-mism, social security, satisfaction with living conditions, the rating of the most serious problems that cause con-cern. It has been established that despite the difficult situation in general within the country and in the world, the existing problems, residents of the republic demonstrate optimism in assessing their future, without feeling much concern for the safety of themselves and their families. At the same time, in the ranking of the main re-gional problems and aspects of life that cause the least satisfaction, the leaders are such as increasing prices for food and essential goods; medical care, its quality, payment; increasing tariffs for housing and communal services; pollution environment, environmental problems; availability of money. It is concluded that it is neces-sary to implement measures to improve the level and quality of life in the region, which will contribute to main-taining a high level of social well-being and reducing the degree of migration attitudes of the population.

Live long – work long: social well-being of working pensioners

Based on the data from the "Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey - Higher School of Economics (RLMS-HSE)", a dynamic analysis of indicators characterising the social well-being of working pensioners has been conducted for the years 1994 to 2022. The current trend in the dynamics of these indicators is characterised as weakly positive but with a potential for decline. It is shown that the current level of social well-being among working pensioners, which includes increased self-confidence and readiness to overcome life difficulties, contributes to maintaining the stability of their adaptive potential.
 Throughout the various stages of the transformational period, working pensioners who exhibited greater autonomy and had developed social capital consistently reported higher levels of social well-being compared not only to non-working pensioners but also to pre-pensioners who experienced growing anxiety due to the inevitable changes in social status and lifestyle upon retirement. The study did not find significant differences in the level of social well-being between working pensioners who retired after the increase in the retirement age and those who retired just before the pension reform.
 Substantial differentiation in the level of social well-being among representatives of the analysed category of pensioners, who are now found in almost all sectors and spheres of activity, is largely the result of their heterogeneous socio-economic status. Despite old age being a factor that increases social risks and vulnerability, working pensioners often overcome difficulties encountered during crises with fewer adaptation difficulties and costs than younger individuals. Key elements of social well-being that continue to play a consistently significant role in strengthening the adaptive potential of working pensioners include the fulfilment of the need for public recognition and social interaction, as well as self-assessment of health status. In the current socio-economic and demographic conditions, various aspects of the social adaptation of the older generation become particularly important, directly linked to the realisation of their resource potential and increased activity in the field of employment.

Professional burnout, quality of life issues and psychological burden in anesthesiologists and intensive care specialists in contemporary conditions аfter COVID-19 pandemic: results of an internet-based survey

INTRODUCTION: Anesthesiologists and intensive care specialists are considered to be an extremely vulnerable group of medical specialists, more susceptible to professional stress in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to study the severity of professional burnout syndrome (PB), quality of life (QoL) issues and psychological burben in anesthesiologists and intensive care specialists working in a multi-field hospital, as well as to determine the risk factors for PB in these specialists. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Physicians completed the online survey questionnaire including MBI, WHOQOL-BREF and HADS for assessment of PB, QoL and anxiety and depression, respectively, as well as the checklist with general questions related to COVID-19. Pairwise or multiple comparisons as well as correlation and regression analyses were performed within the statistical analysis. RESULTS: The online survey involved 101 physicians (mean age 38.3 ± 9.8 years, 54.5 % — females). During the pandemic, 68.3 % of specialists worked in the red zone. It was demonstrated that the PB syndrome or its signs were observed 2 years after the start of the pandemic in 75 % of specialists — in 27 % it was formed, and in 48 % its signs were revealed. Decreased levels of the main QoL domains, physical, psychological and social well-being, were observed in 1/3 of physicians. About one third of specialists had borderline or increased levels of anxiety/depression. Working in the red zone during pandemic and elevated levels of depression increase the probability of PB, and a high level of social well-being decreases it. CONCLUSIONS: For the prevention of the PB development of screening examinations are recommended on the regular basis to reveal those specialists who are at high risk of PB. The results obtained may be used to develop evidence-based practical recommendations for the prevention of PB syndrome and psychosocial disorders in anesthesiologists and intensive care specialists.

Black Canadians' Exposure to Everyday Racism: Implications for Health System Access and Health Promotion among Urban Black Communities.

This study explores the social determinants of Black Canadians’ exposure to everyday racism, its relationship to health system access, and implications for health promotion. We used data from the A/C Study survey on HIV transmission and prevention among Black Canadians. We implemented the survey (N = 1360) in 2018–2019 in Toronto and Ottawa—two large cities that together account for 42% of Canada’s Black population—among self-identified Black residents aged 15–64 years, who were born in sub-Sahara Africa or the Caribbean or had a parent who was born in those regions. Participants reported racist encounters in the preceding 12 months using the Everyday Discrimination Scale. We assessed the socio-demographic correlates of racist experiences and the impact of racism on health system access using multivariable generalised linear models. Sixty percent of participants reported experiencing racism in the preceding 12 months. Based on the adjusted odds ratios, participants were more likely to experience racism if they were older, employed, Canadian-born, had higher levels of education, self-identified as LGBTQ + and reported generally moderate access to basic needs and adequate housing; and less likely to experience racism if they lived in Ottawa, self-identified as female or reported higher levels of social capital. Visiting a healthcare provider or facility, and difficulty accessing healthcare were associated with racist experiences. Racist experiences diminished the likelihood of being tested for HIV. Racist experiences were widespread, especially among those with higher levels of social wellbeing or greater exposure to Canadian institutions. Study participants also associated racist experiences with the healthcare system.

‘Searching for Roots’: Exploring the Idea of Home in Tibetan Refugee Youth Living in Delhi, India

Home is a key aspect of place attachment signified by rootedness and ease; it is operationalised as a sense of being rooted to and feeling at ease in a particular place. Two studies were done to gain a nuanced idea of the concept of home as understood by Tibetan refugee youth living in Delhi. In study 1, based on in-depth interviews on 20 students of ages 18–25 years, a thematic analysis resulted in the global theme of ‘community as home’ indicating the central position of the community while talking about home. On the basis of this study, four variables were identified as key to the concept of home: in-group identification, group efficacy, social well-being and rootedness (home). Study 2 was designed to understand the relationship between these identified variables. Around 103 refugee youth (controlled for gender) aged 18–25 years completed the questionnaire. It was found that most of the variables were positively correlated to one another, except for group efficacy and social well-being. Further, the mediation analysis indicated that in the context of the community, higher levels of social well-being explained increased in-group identification, particularly when mediated by the presence of group efficacy. Overall, it was found that community seems to be integral to the concept of home for Tibetan refugee youth living in Delhi. Both studies expand upon existing literature on the concept of home and have further implications for the notion of home and the social well-being of Tibetan refugees.

Capital Social, Covid-19 y Desarrollo Regional. Comentarios a Una Relación Relevante

Por lo regular, el capital social influye positivamente en el desarrollo facilitando a la sociedad en su conjunto realizar sus actividades productivas; sin embargo, en ocasiones puede tener efectos negativos. Aparentemente, la pandemia por Covid-19 genera efectos sociales nocivos a través de los mayores grados de asociatividad e interacción de la población, asociados con mayores niveles de dicho capital, al aumentar los contagios y las enfermedades derivadas del virus. Sin embargo, los efectos positivos de otros componentes del capital social como la identificación generalizada con valores sociales, la confianza mutua y el espíritu de cooperación entre los miembros de un grupo, pueden contrarrestar los efectos negativos. Por otro lado, el desarrollo, al mismo tiempo que se asocia con mejores niveles de bienestar social, también genera mayores grados de interdependencia e interacción entre la población, asociados, a su vez, con mayores niveles de contagio del virus. Con la ayuda del análisis de correlación, aplicado a información estatal de Estados Unidos y México, en este trabajo se muestra que las áreas con mejores condiciones de desarrollo y de capital social pudieran ser los más afectados negativamente por el virus en el corto plazo, pero están en mejores condiciones para enfrentar la pandemia y recuperarse de sus efectos negativos que aquellos donde la población vive en desventaja.

Moving in and adjusting to a new country without the support of an employer? Tapping into personal dispositions and capabilities to achieve social well-being

PurposeSocial well-being is the perception and feeling of belongingness and integration within the community and the broader society. For self-initiated expatriates (SIEs) who rely on their own personal resources and network, the achievement of high levels of social well-being can be challenging (compared to corporate-initiated expatriates who typically receive pre-departure training and relocation assistance from their employers). Hence, in this study, we examine personal factors and theoretically ground how they can be helpful and influence the achievement of high levels of social well-being among SIEs.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a survey study (n = 215) involving SIEs to determine how specific personal factors influence the achievement of social well-being.FindingsThe authors analyzed the data using PROCESS approach and results show that cultural intelligence positively and significantly relates to social well-being. In addition, cross-cultural adjustment is shown to exert an influence as a mediator and further found to be moderated by a personality trait (i.e. emotional stability). Supplementary analyses further show support for the critical role of each of the dimensions of cultural intelligence in the moderated-mediation process.Originality/valueThis study offers novel insights relevant for SIEs who move in to another country and try to socially integrate without any support from employers. The study highlights how personal resources and capabilities could help in the achievement of social well-being. Specifically, the findings suggest the important role of cultural intelligence which needs to be developed prior and after the relocation. Also, the study suggests how a personality trait such as emotional stability can be tapped to increase the likelihood of achieving social well-being among SIEs.

Perceived Parenting Styles and Psycho-social Wellbeing of Nigerian Adolescents

The influence of parenting styles on the psychosocial wellbeing of Nigerian adolescents is yet of be given adequate research attention. This study bridges the gap in knowledge. Findings may be useful in planning appropriate interventions program necessary to improve the psychosocial wellbeing of adolescents in Osun state, southwestern Nigeria and relation with similar social-cultural backgrounds. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 332 (mean age = 14) in-school adolescents who responded to Mental Health Continuum – Short Form (MHS-SF) and Parenting Style Instrument (PSI). Descriptive and inferential statistics (Regression, Independent sample t-test and One Way ANOVA) were used for data analysis. A low level of psychosocial wellbeing was observed among the adolescents. Prevalence of very low levels of emotional wellbeing (16.9%), social wellbeing (22%), and psychological wellbeing (19.3%) were reported. Patterns of observed parenting styles are authoritative parenting style (45.5%, 41.6%, and 12.9%), authoritarian parenting style (53%, 30.7% and 16.3%); permissive parenting style (64.2%, 20.7% and 15.1%) for low, high and very high levels respectively. No significant gender difference was observed in the psychosocial wellbeing scores of the adolescents; a significant religious affiliation difference was found in the social wellbeing of the participants. Adolescents from public schools manifested higher levels of social wellbeing than their counterparts from private schools. Parenting styles significantly predict level of psychosocial wellbeing of the adolescents. Neither family type nor family size had significant influence on the level of psycho-social wellbeing of the adolescents.

Unplanned Hospital Care Use in Older Adults: The Role of Psychological and Social Well-Being.

To explore the association of psychological and social well-being with unplanned hospital utilization in an older Swedish population. Data for this study were gathered from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K). Information on hospital care use was extracted from the Stockholm County Council Inpatient Register for up to 4 years after the baseline SNAC-K assessment (2001-2007). Participants with dementia or living in institutions were excluded from the study sample. Community-based study of randomly selected adults, aged 60 years or older, living in the Kungsholmen district of Stockholm. A complete case analysis was performed on 2139 individuals. We created standardized indexes of psychological well-being (integrating life satisfaction and positive and negative affect) and social well-being (integrating social connections, support, and participation). Negative binomial models were used to estimate the association of psychosocial well-being with unplanned admissions, hospital days, and 30-day readmissions, considering potential sociodemographic, lifestyle, personality, and clinical confounders. Individuals with psychological well-being scores above the median had lower rates of unplanned hospital admissions (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.55-0.82) and hospital days (IRR = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.49-0.92) compared to those with scores below the median. High levels of social well-being were also protective for unplanned admissions and hospital days, but the statistical significance was lost in the fully adjusted models. Relative to individuals with low well-being on both indexes, the rate of unplanned admissions and hospital days was lowest in those with both high psychological and social well-being (IRR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.55-0.93; and IRR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.39-0.85, respectively). For 30-day readmissions, a statistically significant negative association was found with psychological well-being, but only when operationalized as a continuous variable. Given their association with unplanned admissions and hospital days, targeting aspects of psychosocial well-being could be a viable strategy for reducing healthcare use and, eventually, costs. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:272-280, 2020.

Social-economic well-being and social tension in the Volga Region

The article presents the results of the regional sociological study of the parameters of the social-economic well-being in the Volga Region. The well-being category consists of social satisfaction, trust, tension and security. Social well-being reflects the efficiency of the social system, its quality, the authorities’ competence in the development of social-economic processes and of a socially sensitive (accessible, comfortable) social environment. The study identified connections between social-economic well-being and employment, financial situation and the dynamics of migration; and empirically proved the low likelihood of ethnic or religious conflicts in the region, the high level of social well-being as mentioned by the younger generations and the average one among other age groups. The level of ethnic and confessional tension is influenced by the age of the respondents: a third of the younger generations and of the working age are more concerned with the criminal situation and with conflicts on national and religious grounds than pensioners. The able-bodied population of the Volga Region is concerned about their professional well-being due to perceiving migrants as competitors: in some cases, an increase in the share of migrants contributes to conflicts in the interethnic interaction. With an increase in the educational level the degree of social trust increases, which is a positive factor for the tolerant attitude towards others. In general, there are no reasons for concerns about ethnic conflicts in the region. The multi-ethnicity of the Russian society explains the relatively high tolerance to migrants despite many risk factors.

HOSPITAL CARE USE IN OLDER ADULTS: THE ROLE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL FACTORS

Although older people’s health status is the main determinant of healthcare use, there has been little research on how psychosocial factors relate to healthcare utilization. We explored the extent to which psychological and social aspects predict the use of hospital care in an older Swedish population. 2867 people ≥60 years from the Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K) were followed from baseline (2001-2004) for four years. We created standardized indexes of psychological well-being, and social well-being. Binomial negative mixed models were used to estimate the association of psychological and social indexes with hospital care use (i.e. unplanned hospital admissions [UHA], 30-day readmissions [30DR] and length of stay [LOS]). Individuals with a psychological well-being score above the median had less UHA (IRR 0.43, 95%CI 0.20-0.93) and lower LOS (IRR 0.18, 95% 0.06-0.58), even after full adjustment. High levels of social well-being were also protective for UHA and LOS in the minimally adjusted model, but not after adjusting by life style and personally traits. Relative to individuals with poor well-being on both indexes, those with rich psychological and poor social well-being had reduced hospital care use (IRR 0.44 95%CI 0.24-0.84; IRR 0.23, 95%CI 0.08-0.67, respectively), and even further in those with rich psychological and social well-being (IRR 0.33 95%CI 0.14-0.75; IRR 0.10, 95% 0.02-0.45, respectively). No statistically significant association was found with 30DR. Provided the importance of psychosocial aspects in predicting UHA and LOS, targeting the former could be a strategy for reducing healthcare use and, eventually, costs.

Social entrepreneurship and well-being: The configurational impact of institutions and social capital

Social entrepreneurship (SE) is often viewed as an effective means to promote social well-being (SWB). However, how SE emerges from a country’s institutional and social context, and consequently, how the institutional and social embeddedness of SE influences the level of SWB in a particular country, remains unanswered. This study, utilizing fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), addresses these questions by exploring, (1) the configurations of institutional and social capital conditions that lead to high prevalence rates of different types of SE activities in a country, and (2) the configurations of such institutionally and socially embedded SE activities that deliver high level of SWB in a country. It advances the SE literature by revealing the embeddedness and configurational nature of SE. Specifically, multiple equifinal configurations of socio-political conditions can lead to high prevalence rates of not-for-profit SE and hybrid SE. Moreover, this study finds that while both not-for-profit SE and hybrid SE can facilitate SWB by interacting with socio-political conditions, they do so through different mechanisms.

Prognostic accuracy of patients, caregivers, and oncologists in advanced cancer.

In caring for patients with advanced cancer, accurate estimation of survival is important for clinical decision making. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of 2-year survival probabilities estimated by oncologists, patients, and caregivers and to identify demographic and clinical factors associated with prognostic accuracy. This was a secondary observational analysis of data obtained from a cluster randomized controlled trial. Participants included 38 oncologists, 263 patients with advanced nonhematologic cancer, and 193 of their caregivers from clinics in Sacramento and Western New York. Discrimination within each group (oncologists, patients, caregivers) was evaluated using the C statistic, whereas calibration was assessed by comparing observed to predicted 2-year mortality using the chi-square statistic. The median survival from study entry was 18months, and 41.8% of patients survived for 2years. C statistics for oncologists, patients, and caregivers were 0.81 (95% CI, 0.76-0.86), 0.62 (95% CI, 0.55-0.68), and 0.72 (95% CI, 0.65-0.78), respectively; oncologists' predictions were better than the predictions of both patients (P=.001) and caregivers (P=.03). Oncologists also had superior calibration: their predictions of 2-year survival were similar to actual survival (P=.17), whereas patients' (P=.0001) and caregivers' (P=.003) predictions diverged significantly from actual survival. Although most oncologists' predictions were classified as realistic (62.0%), approximately one-half of patients' and caregivers' predictions (50.0% and 46.0%, respectively) were unduly optimistic. Among patients, nonwhite race and higher levels of social well-being predicted undue optimism (P<.05). Compared with oncologists, patients and caregivers displayed inferior prognostic discrimination, and their predictions were poorly calibrated, primarily because of overoptimism.

Identidad mexicana e interés político: Predictores de bienestar social y anomia

Este estudio pone a prueba el supuesto de que las diferencias percibidas en la identidad mexicana y en el interés en la política condicionan la percepción del bienestar social y de la anomia social. Se adoptó la teoría de la identidad social de Tajfel de tres dimensiones para medir la identidad mexicana y el modelo de cinco dimensiones de Keyes para el bienestar social. Una muestra de 211 participantes en edad de votar del estado de Colima, México, contestó una batería de tres cuestionarios y datos sociodemográficos. Los resultados muestran que los individuos con un alto nivel de identidad mexicana y de interés por la política, comparados con los que tienen bajo nivel, perciben mayores niveles de bienestar social y menor nivel de anomia. Las correlaciones de la identidad y el interés por la política fueron positivas para el bienestar social y negativas para la anomia, respectivamente. El factor afirmación e identificación con la identidad predijo mejor la integración y actualización social, componentes del Bienestar Social.

Factors that affect the social well-being of children with cochlear implants

The aim of the study was to identify factors associated with the level of social well-being for cochlear implanted children and to estimate effect-related odds ratios for the children's well-being. Another aim was to analyse associations between speech and language level and the level of social well-being. Data relate to 167 children with cochlear implants. In structural interviews, parents rated their children's level of social well-being regarding the degree of their child's personal-social adjustment. Five different factors were considered. Logistic regression models and proportional odds models were used to analyse the relationship between the considered factors and the assessments. The analyses showed that the communication mode at home was the most highly associated factor. A statistically significant association was found between the level of social well-being and speech understanding, speech production and vocabulary. Children who were exposed to a spoken language had considerably better odds of having a high level of social well-being compared to children with a mixture of spoken language and sign support or sign language. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Factors that affect the social well-being of children with cochlear implants

The aim of the study was to identify factors associated with the level of social well-being for cochlear implanted children and to estimate effect-related odds ratios for the children's well-being. Another aim was to analyse associations between speech and language level and the level of social well-being. Data relate to 167 children with cochlear implants. In structural interviews, parents rated their children's level of social well-being regarding the degree of their child's personal-social adjustment. Five different factors were considered. Logistic regression models and proportional odds models were used to analyse the relationship between the considered factors and the assessments. The analyses showed that the communication mode at home was the most highly associated factor. A statistically significant association was found between the level of social well-being and speech understanding, speech production and vocabulary. Children who were exposed to a spoken language had considerably better odds of having a high level of social well-being compared to children with a mixture of spoken language and sign support or sign language. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.