High Level Of Risk Research Articles

A Risk Management Application by Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) Method in A Road Drainage Channel Construction Project at H.M Ardan Street of South Sangatta District East Kutai, Indonesia

A construction project of road drainage channel in H.M Ardan Street, South Sangatta District (Multy Years) is included into type of construction project with high level of risk and work accidents since it has large number of workers, the use of sophisticated work tools and machines that require special methods and skills also strong supervision in its usage. These matters could bring undesirable impact potentiality in particular for the occupational safety and health aspect. A negligence of OSH implementation in the construction project can lead to work accident risk within the project. A work safety management is a part of management aspect with function to prevent any work accidents. Its prevention can be done by controlling the occurrence of high-potential work accidents whether in terms of consequences, occurrence probability, also simplicity in its detection. Many safety management methods have been introduced as method that able to be used for potential work accident identification, or measure the level of work accident’s risk, also for evaluating the work accidents; which leads to the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) method as the most appropriate method to achieve the objectives as described above. The selected method for this research was Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) method, whereas the data source of this research were primary data obtained from interviews and questionnaires, and secondary data obtained from site plan drawings and identification data of the construction of drainage channels on H.M Ardan Street of South Sanggata District (Multi Years). According to FMEA analysis, there were 15 dominant risks with RPN values above the average value with 4 risks having a value of 48 as the highest RPN value found in this study. Type of risks with the highest RPN value were (a) stricken by heavy equipment and materials during loading and unloading construction materials; (b) fatigue due to an overly busy mobilization schedule; (c) workers fall while installing the formwork; (d) workers’ hand was pierced by nail or getting hit by hammer or wood. Furthermore, by the domino analysis conducted for this research, it produced several precautions and prevention recommendations that grouped into three main stages: Lack of Control, Basic Causes, and Immediate Causes.

Risk Assessment of The Latifiya Expressway Segment Using a Proactive Approach

Road safety assessment is an essential step in the management of transportation projects. The proactive approach in the safety assessment considers the pre-construction stage to reduce the likelihood of road accidents. This research aims to assess the risk of road infrastructure in Iraq by applying the most recent methodology based on road features and supported traffic data. The selected methodology significantly contributes to enhancing a proactive approach to road safety and incorporating risk assessment in the planning and design stages of road projects. A segment of 15km from the beginning of the Latifiya expressway was selected for this study and assessed using the international road assessment program methodology. Data on road features and traffic were collected for this goal; where data on 38 aspects of road features is collected. The traffic data includes traffic volume and spot speed. Then these data were coded and processed using VIDA online web. The assessment results were presented for three road user groups: vehicle riders, pedestrians, and motorcyclists. The results showed that the assessed segment has a high-risk level; 1 to 3 stars for vehicle riders and 1 star for motorcyclists and pedestrians. Countermeasures were presented, and their efficiency was tested to raise the star rating for all road user groups to five stars.

Peak Procedural ACT Is Associated With All-Cause Mortality After Femoral Access PCI

BackgroundA minimum threshold activated clotting time (ACT) to guide heparin dosing during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with lower ischemic complications. However, data are variable regarding the risk of high ACT levels. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of peak procedural ACT on complications and mortality for transfemoral and transradial access PCI. MethodsThe UC San Diego Health National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI Registry was used to obtain data on patients who underwent native vessel PCI from January 2007 to September 2022. Coronary artery bypass graft patients and those who received bivalirudin were excluded. Complications and all-cause mortality at 30 days and 1-year post-PCI were assessed by ACT tertile. ResultsA total of 2473 patients (age 65 ± 12 years; 74% male) undergoing PCI with 53% femoral and 47% radial access were included. The majority (82%) had 1-vessel coronary artery disease with heterogeneous clinical presentations (21.8% ST-elevation myocardial infarction, 25.4% non–ST-elevation myocardial infarction, 4.9% unstable angina, 33.8% stable angina, 3.4% atypical chest pain, 10.7% other indication for PCI). With femoral access, patients in the third tertile (ACT ≥ 275) had significantly higher all-cause mortality at 30 days (5.3% vs 2.7% vs 0.9%; P < .001), 6 months (6.3% vs 4.0% vs 2.0%; P = .007), and 1 year (9.0% vs 6.0% vs 2.7%; P < .001) compared to the second (ACT 228-275) and first tertile (ACT ≤ 228), respectively. A 30-day landmark analysis revealed that there was no difference in all-cause mortality beyond 30 days (3.9% vs 3.4% vs 1.8%; P = .176). There were increased bleeding complications in the highest tertile (12.8% vs 9.8% vs 7.5%; P = .034) and a higher need for blood products (10.4% vs 6.7% vs 5.4%; P = .014). There was no difference in ischemic major adverse cardiovascular events specifically periprocedural myocardial infarction or stroke between tertiles. There was no difference in clinical outcomes by peak ACT for patients who had radial access. ConclusionsHigher ACT with transfemoral access PCI was associated with increased 30-day mortality, bleeding complications, and need for blood products post-PCI.

Landslide risk assessment combining kernel extreme learning machine and information value modeling-A case study of Jiaxian Country of loess plateau, China

Landslide risk mapping can be an effective reference for disaster mitigation and land use planning, but the modelling process involves multidisciplinary knowledge which leads to its complexity. In this study, Jiaxian County in Shaanxi Province on the Loess Plateau of China, served as the study area, primarily characterized by Quaternary loess-covered geomorphology, with an average rainfall of about 400 mm annually. Soil erosion and human engineering activities have contributed to significant slope failures, posing threats to local residents and infrastructure. A reasonable inventory of landslides in the region was established by field survey combined with aerial imagery, allowing for characterization of their development and spatial distribution. Nine thematic maps related to landslide occurring and three vulnerability maps were prepared as influencing factors for landslide risk assessment. Subsequently, landslide susceptibility and hazard were evaluated using a kernel extreme learning machine (KELM) and information value (IV) model, followed by map validation. A decision table was then employed to generate the landslide risk map. The results of landslide hazard mapping showed that the historical landslide events were mainly developed in the central part of the study area, particularly concentrated near the developed river network. Integration of overall risk elements suggested that landslide risks in the study area were generally at a low level. Besides, a total of 0.25 % and 2.05 % of the areas were classified as having very high and high landslide risk levels, respectively, where 65.11 % of inventory landslides occurred. Therefore, the proposed procedure is a valuable tool for assessing landslide risk in Jiaxian Country.

Relationship between LDL-cholesterol, small and dense LDL particles, and mRNA expression in a cohort of African Americans.

Understanding the characteristics and behavior of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles provides insights into the atherogenic risk of elevated LDL cholesterol in hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular disease risks. Studying LDL particles helps identify specific LDL subtypes [e.g., small dense LDL particles (sdLDL)] that may be atherogenic and, consequently, potential targets for therapeutics. This study cohort consists of African Americans (AAs), a population disproportionately affected by cardiovascular diseases, thereby accentuating the importance of the investigation. Differential expression (DE) analysis was undertaken using a dataset comprising 17,947 protein-coding mRNAs from the whole blood transcriptomes of 416 samples to identify mRNAs associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and sdLDL plasma levels. Subsequently, mediation analyses were used to investigate the mediating role of sdLDL particles on the relationship between LDL-C levels and mRNA expression. Finally, pathway enrichment analysis was conducted to identify pathways involving mRNAs whose relationship with LDL-C is mediated by sdLDL. DE analysis revealed 1,048 and 284 mRNA transcripts differentially expressed by LDL-C and sdLDL levels, respectively. Mediation analysis revealed that the associations between LDL-C and 33 mRNAs were mediated by sdLDL. Of the 33 mRNAs mediated by sdLDL, 18 were mediated in both males and females. Nine mRNAs were mediated only in females, and six were mediated only in males. Pathway analysis showed that 33 mRNAs are involved in pathways associated with the immune system, inflammatory response, metabolism, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. In conclusion, our study provides valuable insights into the complex interplay between LDL-C, sdLDL, and mRNA expression in a large sample of AAs. The results underscore the importance of incorporating sdLDL measurement alongside LDL-C levels to improve the accuracy of managing hypercholesterolemia and effectively stratify the risk of CVD. This is essential as differences in sdLDL modulate atherogenic properties at the transcriptome level.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The study investigated the interplay between LDL-C and mRNA expression, focusing on the role of small dense LDL (sdLDL) particles and sex differences. Differential expression analysis identified 1,048 and 284 mRNAs associated with LDL-C and sdLDL levels, respectively. Mediation analysis revealed that sdLDL mediates the relationship between LDL-C and 33 mRNAs involved in immune, inflammatory, and metabolic pathways. These findings highlight the significance of sdLDL in cardiovascular disease risk assessment and underscore sex-specific differences in lipid metabolism.

Gas Fire Coupling Control of Goaf Based on Numerical Simulation

ABSTRACT In response to the problem that traditional gas control methods such as water injection and inert gas fire extinguishing are not effective and have a high level of risk in goaf, this study uses COMSOL software to establish a three-dimensional numerical simulation model of goaf, and combines air leakage intensity, oxygen concentration, and floating coal thickness to calculate the gas fire hazard area, in order to achieve effective control. The results show that the deviation between the data obtained from the numerical simulation and the actual measurement value is about 7 m, which proves that the given solution is reliable. The gas concentration of the wind lane and the upper corner is controlled below 1%, which proves that this method ensures the safety of the working environment. The above results show that the design method realizes the effective control of gas fire in the goaf, and provides reference for mine safety management and gas disaster control.

Soil pollution identification and human health risk assessment of soil heavy metals in an abandoned mine area in the Republic of Korea

ABSTRACT In this study, the Geo-accumulation index (Igeo), Human Health Risk Assessment (HRA), and Ecological Risk Index (ERI) were utilized to examine the risks associated with the soils at the DaeyangYeongseong mine. Brassica juncea and Raphanus sativus were employed in the ecological toxicity test. In all soil samples, the mean Igeo value of arsenic measured 3.15, and cadmium measured 6.63, indicating a very high level of heavy metal contamination. The carcinogenic risk of cadmium and arsenic for adults was 4.30×10−3 and 1.43×10−5, respectively. For children, these values were 3.92 × 10−2 and 1.33 ×10−4, exceeding the acceptable level (1×10−6). In all soils, cadmium showed extremely high ecological risk levels, and arsenic had extremely high risk levels in 34.8% of the total area. This was also confirmed in toxicity assessments using plants. Therefore, arsenic and cadmium were found to be the main causes of soil contamination and ecological risk.

METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR SECURITY-ORIENTED MANAGEMENT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS BASED ON FUZZY LOGIC

In today's environment, socio-economic systems face increasingly complex challenges associated with high levels of uncertainty, risks, and rapid changes in the external environment. This necessitates the development of effective management methods that can ensure the reliability and flexibility of decision-making. The research is aimed at creating a methodology for the development and application of information technology for security-oriented management based on the principles of fuzzy logic. Fuzzy logic, based on the theory of fuzzy sets developed by Lotfi Zadeh, is a powerful tool for working with incomplete and fuzzy data, allowing to model complex systems and processes where traditional approaches may be ineffective. The paper discusses the peculiarities of using fuzzy logic to create models that take into account possible risks and facilitate informed decision-making even with limited information. The proposed methodology allows to integrate various data sources, process them in real time and provide recommendations for risk management and security of socio-economic systems. The study also describes the structure of the technology, which includes the stages of data collection, fuzzification, fuzzy inference, defuzzification, and decision support. Systems based on fuzzy logic demonstrate high adaptability, resilience to change, and the ability to operate in the face of unpredictable changes. The results of the study confirm that the proposed information technology can be applied in various industries, such as transportation, healthcare, and industry, to improve the safety and efficiency of management decisions. The use of the proposed methodology helps to reduce risks, improve the quality of management and adaptability to changes in external conditions, which are key requirements in modern management.

Evaluation of nutrients and heavy metals of surface soil in the upper watershed of Xiashan Reservoir in Shandong Province, China.

Reservoir is easy to be polluted by nutrients and heavy metals in the surrounding soil. There is a close relationship between heavy metals and nutrients in soil. Nutrient salts will affect the activity of heavy metals, and heavy metal pollution will affect plant growth and nutrient salt absorption, thus affecting ecosystem health. This study was performed to evaluate nutrients (TN, TP) and heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn) in the upper watershed of Xiashan Reservoir by the enrichment factor, the geoaccumulation index, the enrichment factor and leaching experiments. The results showed that the average enrichment of TN and TP reached the level of moderate pollution. The nutrient enrichment of different sampling sites increased gradually from south to north, which may be affected by the topography of the study area. The comprehensive trophic level exceeds the criteria for a state of severe eutrophication of water bodies, which may lead to the enrichment of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body through processes such as runoff. Evaluation of the geoaccumulation index and potential ecological risk index revealed that the soil was primarily contaminated by Cd and Hg, which are in the level of considerable potential ecological risk and high potential ecological risk. So most attention should be paid to Cd and Hg pollution. Pollution control of heavy metals in soil is a priority because they are more difficult to leach than nutrients. This study provided an insight into the nitrogen and phosphorus control and heavy metal pollution management in the upper watershed of Xiashan Reservoir.

Crowd Control Analysis in Organizing The 2024 Religious Celebration Festival: A Qualitative Approach

One of the largest religious celebration festivals in Indonesia, attracting tens of thousands of visitors both domestically and internationally, involves complex event management. Therefore, the event is required to have a comprehensive risk management strategy to ensure safety, security, and smooth operation. This research aims to examine and analyze crowd control during the religious celebration festival in 2024. The method used by the researchers is a qualitative approach, collecting data through in-depth interviews and participatory observation. The data processed comes from sources who are event organizers involved in crowd management. Furthermore, data analysis is conducted using thematic analysis methods to identify risk categories and the mitigation strategies applied. This research shows that the highest level of risk at the religious celebration festival is crowd control. Therefore, the mitigation policies implemented by the event organizers include contingency planning, training and simulations for security personnel, backup plans for weather changes, and collaboration with various related parties. It is hoped that this research can provide insights for religious event organizers in managing and facing risks in similar events in the future

Bank intermediation efficiency and liquidity risk in Egypt: a two-stage non-parametric analyses

This is a pioneering study that undertakes a comparative analysis assessing the annual intermediation efficiency of public versus private banks in Egypt. Moreover, liquidity risk is a major threat facing banks in their efforts to sustain financial stability. Thus, this study is the first to model the determinants of liquidity risk in public and private banks in Egypt while examining the impact of banks’ intermediation efficiencies on their liquidity risk levels. The study employs advanced nonparametric econometric approaches on a sample of Egyptian public and private banks from 2014 to 2022. The data envelopment analysis is used in estimating banks’ intermediation efficiency scores, while the quantile regression analysis is applied to examine the impact of bank intermediation efficiency on liquidity risk under different liquidity risk quantiles. The findings indicate that public banks show consistent superiority in terms of their financial intermediation efficiency levels compared to private banks. Moreover, the paper findings demonstrate the negative significant relationship between bank intermediation efficiency and liquidity risk while highlighting the higher significant positive impact of intermediation efficiency on reducing the liquidity risk of banks that are characterized by undertaking high liquidity risk levels. Furthermore, contrary to general assumptions, this study’s findings demonstrate that the significance of micro- and macro-level determinants of a bank’s liquidity risk is dependent on its prevailing liquidity risk level. Hence, the positive impact of equity capital, asset concentration, size, and growth in gross domestic product and the negative effect of asset quality on bank liquidity risk vary under banks’ different liquidity risk quantiles.

Testing a Novel Trauma-Informed Treatment for Anger and Aggression Following Military-Related Betrayal: Design and Methodology of a Clinical Trial.

Difficulty controlling anger is a common postdeployment problem in military personnel. Chronic and unregulated anger can lead to inappropriate aggression and is associated with behavioral health, legal, employment, and relationship problems for military service members. Military-related betrayal (e.g., military sexual assault, insider attacks) is experienced by over a quarter of combat service members and is associated with chronic anger and aggression. The high level of physical risk involved in military deployments make interconnectedness and trust in the military organization of utmost importance for survival during missions. While this has many protective functions, it also creates a vulnerability to experiencing military-related betrayal. Betrayal is related to chronic anger and aggression. Individuals with betrayal-related injuries express overgeneralized anger, irritability, blaming others, expectations of injustice, inability to forgive others, and ruminations of revenge. Current approaches to treating anger and aggression in military populations are inadequate. Standard anger treatment is not trauma-informed and does not consider the unique cultural context of anger and aggression in military populations, therefore is not well suited for anger stemming from military-related betrayal. While trauma-informed interventions targeting anger for military personnel exist, anger outcomes are mixed, and aggression and interpersonal functioning outcomes are poor. Also, these anger interventions are designed for patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. However, not all military-related betrayal meets the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition-5 definition of trauma, though it may still lead to chronic anger and aggression. As a result, these patients lack access to treatment that appropriately targets the function of their anger and aggression. This manuscript describes rationale, design, and methodology of a pilot clinical trial examining Countering Chronic Anger and Aggression Related to Trauma and Transgressions (CART). CART is a transdiagnostic, transgression-focused intervention for military personnel who have experienced military-related betrayal, targeting chronic anger and aggression, and improving interpersonal relationships. The pilot study will use an interrupted timeseries design, where participants are randomized to a 2-, 3-, or 4-week minimal contact waitlist before starting treatment. This design maximizes the sample size so that all participants receive the treatment and act as their own control, while maintaining a robust design via stepped randomization. This trial aims to (1) test the acceptability and feasibility of CART, (2) test whether CART reduces anger and aggression in military personnel with a history of military-related betrayal, and (3) test whether CART improves interpersonal functioning. The primary feasibility outcome will be the successful recruitment, enrollment, and initiation of 40 participants. Primary outcome measures include the Client Satisfaction Survey-8, the State Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2, Overt Aggression Scale-Modified, and the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Short Version. If outcomes show feasibility, acceptability, and initial effectiveness, CART will demonstrate a culturally relevant treatment for chronic anger, the most frequent postdeployment problem, in a sample of active duty service members who have suffered a military betrayal. The DoD will also have an evidence-based treatment option focusing on interpersonal functioning, including relationships within the military and within families.

Risk assessment of national railway infrastructure due to sea-level rise: an application of a methodological framework in Italian coastal railways

Nowadays, within the built environment, railway infrastructures play a key role to sustain national policies oriented toward promoting sustainable mobility. For this reason, national institutions and infrastructure managers need to increase their awareness in relation to the current and future climate risks on their representative systems. Among climate change impacts, preventing the effects of sea-level rise (SLR) on coastal railway infrastructures is a priority. The first step in the climate change adaptation policy cycle is the development of an ad hoc climate risk assessment. In this view, this research develops a vulnerability and a risk assessment metric to identify the hotspots within a national coastal railway due to the SLR impacts. The proposed methodology required different steps to quantify the SLR projections and the vulnerability characteristics of the assets, in terms of sensitivity and adaptive capacity. The investigated case study is the coastal railway infrastructure in Italy, thanks to an initial approach of co-design participative processes with the national Infrastructure Manager: Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI). The results of this application, although not included in the paper due to confidential reasons imposed by the infrastructure manager — led to a clear identification of the areas and the coastal railway sections which are exposed to high levels of risks and of the places which require priority actions for urgent adaptation in a view of climate proof infrastructures.

Identification of key risk factors for venous thromboembolism in urological inpatients based on the Caprini scale and interpretable machine learning methods

PurposeTo identify the key risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in urological inpatients based on the Caprini scale using an interpretable machine learning method.MethodsVTE risk data of urological inpatients were obtained based on the Caprini scale in the case hospital. Based on the data, the Boruta method was used to further select the key variables from the 37 variables in the Caprini scale. Furthermore, decision rules corresponding to each risk level were generated using the rough set (RS) method. Finally, random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and backpropagation artificial neural network (BPANN) were used to verify the data accuracy and were compared with the RS method.ResultsFollowing the screening, the key risk factors for VTE in urology were “(C1) Age,” “(C2) Minor Surgery planned,” “(C3) Obesity (BMI > 25),” “(C8) Varicose veins,” “(C9) Sepsis (< 1 month),” (C10) “Serious lung disease incl. pneumonia (< 1month) ” (C11) COPD,” “(C16) Other risk,” “(C18) Major surgery (> 45 min),” “(C19) Laparoscopic surgery (> 45 min),” “(C20) Patient confined to bed (> 72 h),” “(C18) Malignancy (present or previous),” “(C23) Central venous access,” “(C31) History of DVT/PE,” “(C32) Other congenital or acquired thrombophilia,” and “(C34) Stroke (< 1 month.” According to the decision rules of different risk levels obtained using the RS method, “(C1) Age,” “(C18) Major surgery (> 45 minutes),” and “(C21) Malignancy (present or previous)” were the main factors influencing mid- and high-risk levels, and some suggestions on VTE prevention were indicated based on these three factors. The average accuracies of the RS, RF, SVM, and BPANN models were 79.5%, 87.9%, 92.6%, and 97.2%, respectively. In addition, BPANN had the highest accuracy, recall, F1-score, and precision.ConclusionsThe RS model achieved poorer accuracy than the other three common machine learning models. However, the RS model provides strong interpretability and allows for the identification of high-risk factors and decision rules influencing high-risk assessments of VTE in urology. This transparency is very important for clinicians in the risk assessment process.

Exploring the risk of heat stress in high school pre-season sports training, Johannesburg, South Africa.

There is growing concern over the increased risk of heat stress induced by the changing climate, with increased global temperatures expected to exacerbate conditions. Heat stress in school sports is a critically understudied research area in South Africa (SA). As demonstrated by several studies conducted in the global north, the stress elicited by meteorological conditions on students participating in physical education lessons and after-school sports activities could have serious consequences on their health. This paper represents the first research in the region to investigate the risk of heat stress to school students during physical activity. Meteorological data were collected at a school in Johannesburg between March and July, which encompasses the seasons of late summer, autumn, and winter. These were inputted into four heat stress indices: Humidex, Heat Index, Wet Bulb Globe Temperature, and the Universal Thermal Climate Index, together with the measured Wet Bulb Temperature to determine the level of risk of heat stress during physical education lessons and after-school sports activities between March and July. Of the 2700 index scores calculated over this period, 56% indicate some level of heat stress, with almost 6% indicating a high and very high level of risk. Heat stress is calculated to be most likely to occur between 11h00-15h00, and the danger of pre-season training, which takes place in the summer months, is demonstrated by these results. Additionally, this research finds that heat stress is far more likely on artificial surfaces than on natural grass. The findings of this research intimate that school stakeholders should consider the implications of heat stress when considering timetabling and policy-making in the interests of safeguarding their students.

Spatiotemporal variations and priority ranking of emerging contaminants in nanwan reservoir: A case study from the agricultural region in huaihe river basin in China

The presence of emerging contaminants (ECs) in drinking water sources is an increasing concern, yet limited data exists on their occurrence and risk in the upper Huaihe River Basin, an important agricultural region in Central China. This study investigated 70 ECs, including pesticide and antibiotics in surface water from drinking water source areas in Nanwan Reservoir along the upper reaches of the Huaihe River Basin to prioritize the ECs based on ecological risk and health risk assessment. A total of 66 ECs were detected in the surface water at least once at the selected 38 sampling sites, with concentrations ranging from 0.04 to 2508 ng/L. Ecological risk assessment using the risk quotient (RQ) method revealed high risks (RQ > 1) from 7 ECs in the dry season and 15 ECs in the wet season, with triazine pesticides as the main contributors. Non-carcinogenic risks were below negligible levels, but carcinogenic risks from neonicotinoid and carbamate pesticides and macrolide antibiotics were concerning for teenagers. Ciprofloxacin exhibited a high level of resistance risk during the wet season. A multi-indicator prioritization approach integrating occurrence, risk, and chemical property data ranked 6 pesticides and 3 antibiotics as priority pollutants. The results highlight EC contamination of drinking water sources in this agriculturally-intensive region and the need for targeted monitoring and management to protect water quality.

Construction Safety in Girder Installation Work on Cibitung – Cilincing Toll Road Construction Project

Toll road development, in its implementation, has a relatively high risk of work accidents, and it cannot be denied that work safety management is still weak and there is a lack of awareness about the magnitude of the risks that threaten workers. Girder erection work is included in high-risk work. The method used is HIRADC, according to PUPR Ministerial regulation No. 10 of 2021 concerning SMKK guidelines. This study aims to identify hazards, make risk level assessments, and make risk control efforts that can reduce the risk level of work accidents in girder installation work at the Cibitung – Cilincing Toll Road Construction Project. The limitation of the problem is that the research location only focuses on Section 4 of Sta 33+150, the Cibitung – Cilincing Toll Road Construction Project on the P2 – P3 JU Cakung Drain Pillar Span with the girder installation process using a Gantry Launcher. This study uses a qualitative research approach with a descriptive form to determine the possibility and the consequences that will occur, as well as control the hazard to reduce the possibility and severity. In this study, there are 2 data collection techniques: Primary Data (Observation, Interviews were conducted with 3 sources, K3 Experts, and a Questionnaire was conducted related to risk assessment of the likelihood and severity values) and Secondary Data. This research's novelty lies in using tools during the girder lifting process because the girder length is 50.8 m, and the danger factors are different. The questionnaire data collected found that implementation of the girder installation work identified 52 hazards, with a large level of risk are 20 hazards (38.46%) and medium risk levels are 32 hazards (61.54%). Control efforts by means of engineering, administration and personal protective equipment (PPE) found a decrease in the level of high risk and the level of moderate risk is no longer found, and the level of small risk becomes as many as 52 hazards (100%). So, it can be concluded that the results of the risk level assessment have been better than before.

Vulnerability and risk analysis of climate change Impacts on rice production (Oryza sativa L.) in Majalengka regency

Climate change, especially temperature and rainfall shifting can be a threat to the agricultural sector, i.e., the decrease in rice yields in Majalengka Regency as the West Java rice production center. As an anticipatory measure to deal with that problem, a study is needed regarding the level of hazard, vulnerability and risk of climate change impacts in Majalengka Regency. This research aims to identify climate change and examine the level of hazzard, vulnerability and risk of the impact of climate change on rice production in each sub-district in Majalengka Regency. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative. The data used in the analysis of the level of hazard, vulnerability and risk of climate change include temperature, rainfall, production, productivity, planting area, harvested area and farmers' socio-economic data obtained from Statistics Indonesia; Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency; Agriculture Office of Majalengka Regency and other relevant sources, while farmer interview data were used in analyzing strategic adaptation options. The results of the study stated that areas with a very high potential risk of decreasing rice production (Risk Index or RI &gt; 0.80) were in Kertajati District; the risk level of rice production in the high category (RI 0.61-0.80) was in Bantarujeg and Ligung Districts. Meanwhile, areas with a very high level of risk of decreasing rice productivity (IR) &gt; 0.80) are in Bantarujeg District; high-risk level (IR 0.61-0.80) was in the Districts of Lemahsugih, Malausma, Argapura, Kertajati, Jatipuh and Ligung. The adaptation efforts that can be made to reduce the risk of decreasing rice production are the use of superior seeds, crop rotation, intermittent irrigation systems, acceleration of land preparation by mechanization, application of the jajar legowo cropping system, and integrated pest management measures.

Ecological Security Pattern Construction and Multi-Scenario Risk Early Warning (2020–2035) in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area, China

The effectiveness of ecological security patterns (ESPs) in maintaining regional ecological stability and promoting sustainable development is widely recognized. However, limited research has focused on the early warning of risks inherent in ESPs. In this study, the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GHKMGBA) is taken as the study area, and ecological security risk zones are delineated by combining the landscape ecological risk index and habitat quality, and a multi-level ESP is constructed based on the circuit theory. The PLUS model was employed to simulate future built-up land expansion under different scenarios, which were then extracted and overlaid with the multi-level ESP to enable the multi-scenario early warning of ESP risks. The results showed the following: The ESP in the central plains and coastal areas of the GHKMGBA exhibits a high level of ecological security risk, whereas the peripheral forested areas face less threat, which is crucial for regional ecological stability. The ESP, comprising ecological sources, corridors, and pinch points, is crucial for maintaining regional ecological flow stability, with tertiary corridors under significant stress and risk in all scenarios, requiring focused restoration and enhancement efforts. There are significant differences in risk early warning severity within the ESP across various development scenarios. Under the ecological protection scenario, the ESP will have the best early warning situation, effectively protecting ecological land and reducing ecological damage, providing a valuable reference for regional development policies. However, it must not overlook economic development and still needs to further seek a balance between economic growth and ecological protection.

Fertility preservation in pediatric central nervous system tumors: A report from the Children's Oncology Group.

The Oncofertility Consortium Pediatric Initiative Network has published recommendations about the risks of infertility due to gonadotoxic therapy. We abstracted gonadotoxic therapies from central nervous system (CNS) Children's Oncology Group (COG) protocols between 2000 and 2022. We assigned them as unknown, minimal, significant, or high levels of increased risk for gonadal dysfunction/infertility. Seven of 11 CNS protocols placed patients at a high level of risk in at least one treatment arm. Males (7/11) were most commonly at a high level of risk, followed by pubertal females (6/11) and prepubertal females (5/11), highlighting the importance of pre-treatment counseling regarding fertility preservation interventions in this population.