High Levels Of Occupational Stress Research Articles

Research on the Effects of Occupational Stress and the DRD2 Gene on the Psychological Health of Workers in the Xinjiang Desert Oil Field.

Background: This study investigated the relationship between occupational stress and the mental health of people working in oil fields in the arid desert environment of Xinjiang, and revealed the causal relationship between occupational stress and psychological disorders, while furthermore exploring the relationship between psychological disorders and genetic levels.Methods: The participants of this study included oil field company workers from the Xinjiang Petroleum Administration of Karamay City, Xinjiang, who underwent occupational health examinations. The Occupational Stress Inventory Revised Edition (OSI-R) was used to measure the occupational stress of the oil workers. The mental health status of oil workers was evaluated using the Symptoms Checklist-90.Results: Occupational tasks: The total scores of the personal strain and mental health questionnaires were positively correlated with somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, terror, paranoia, and psychosis (P < 0.05). Individual coping resources and the mental health total score was negatively correlated with somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, hostility, terror, paranoia, and psychosis. The following factors were identified as mental health risk factors: female gender; age 45 and above (relative to ≤30 years old); high scores on the personal strain questionnaire; occupational stress; external effort; internal investment; and high effort-low return. The following factors were identified as protective factors for mental health: Han nationality; oil transportation (relative to drilling); individual resilience; and work returns. In respect to the abnormal psychological group and the normal psychological group, statistically significant differences were found in the distribution of genotypes and allele frequencies at the rs1800497 locus (P < 0.05). The depression and paranoia scores observed between different genotype groups at the rs1800497 locus were statistically significant (P < 0.05).Conclusions: This study shows that occupational stress and the D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) gene have an impact on the mental health of oil field workers in the arid desert environment of Xinjiang. Effort-reward imbalance and occupational stress were identified as risk factors for mental health, while rewards for work were protective factors. Higher levels of occupational stress may lead to depression and other psychological disorders, adversely affecting mental health. In oil field operators in the arid desert environment of Xinjiang, the AA genotype of the DRD2 gene in the rs1800497 locus was identified as a genotype specific to susceptibility to mental health problems, and a correlation was found between the A allele and an increased risk of psychological problems. Therefore, it is necessary to devise relevant measures to alleviate occupational stress among oil workers and increase their job rewards, so as to improve their mental health.

Occupational Stress and Wellbeing among Special Educators

In special education system, teachers face stress on a regular basis, and it is one of the reasons for the shortage of teachers in this field. The level of difficulty and fatigue for special educators is more than for the mainstream schoolteachers. Depression or burnout was one of the reasons for special educators to leave the teaching profession. The well-being of special educators is of significance. Teachers’ wellness has been related not only to the wellbeing of students, but also to school’s stability and quality of teaching with student achievement playing an important role. It is important to check the stressors and wellbeing faced by the primary caregivers, which in such situation are the special educators. The current research looks at special educators’ occupational stress and well-being. The aim of this research is to investigate the relation between occupational stress and wellbeing among special educators. The objective is to discover a statistically significant relationship between the variables. A total of 105 special educators from different institutions were included in the study. The administration is done using the P.G.I. well-being scale by Verma and Verma (1989) and the teacher’s occupational stress scale by Sajid Jamal and Abdul Raheem (2012). Pearson’s correlation coefficient revealed a weak negative association between occupational stress and wellbeing among special educators, implying that those with higher levels of occupational stress had lower levels of wellbeing.

Relationship between Workload and Occupational Stress among Teachers in Public Primary Schools in Kasarani, Nairobi, Kenya

The goal of this study was to determine the association between workload and occupational stress among public primary school teachers. The study's goal was to see if there was a link between workload and stress at work. The Cognitive Activation Theory of Stress provided the theoretical underpinning for this study (CATS). Questionnaires were used to collect, analyze, and interpret data in this study, which followed quantitative research technique. The study took place in Kasarani, Nairobi County, Kenya. All Kasarani public primary school teachers were the study's target group In order to pick the sample, the researcher employed a basic random sampling method. Using Nassiuma's formula, the sample size was estimated (2002). 155 teachers from six schools were studied out of 728 teachers in 25 public schools. A random sample of eight respondents was surveyed at two public primary schools in Kasarani, Nairobi County, which were not part of the study region. The correlation research design was used in this study. Frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, as well as inferential analysis, were used for descriptive and co-relational analysis. There is no significant association between workload and occupational stress among public primary school teachers, according to the null hypothesis examined. The chi-square test was used to evaluate the hypothesis. The data demonstrated that a high level of occupational stress is connected with a high level of workload, with a significant connection of p = 0.001. The study concluded that primary school teachers should be relieved of their severe workload. Counsellors should collaborate with Head teachers to develop advice and counseling programs to assist teachers in reducing occupational stress. Teachers will be protected from emotional and cognitive injury as a result of this, and will be more effective in their jobs.

What Impacts Perceived Stress among Canadian Farmers? A Mixed-Methods Analysis.

Globally, farmers report high levels of occupational stress. The purpose of this study was to identify and explore factors associated with perceived stress among Canadian farmers. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was used. An online cross-sectional national survey of Canadian farmers (n = 1132) was conducted in 2015–2016 to collect data on mental health, demographic, lifestyle, and farming characteristics; stress was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale. A multivariable linear regression model was used to investigate the factors associated with perceived stress score. Qualitative interviews (n = 75) were conducted in 2017–2018 with farmers and agricultural sector workers in Ontario, Canada, to explore the lived experience of stress. The qualitative interview data were analyzed via thematic analysis and then used to explain and provide depth to the quantitative results. Financial stress (highest category—a lot: (B = 2.30; CI: 1.59, 3.00)), woman gender (B = 0.55; CI: 0.12, 0.99), pig farming (B = 1.07; CI: 0.45, 1.69), and perceived lack of support from family (B = 1.18; CI: 0.39, 1.98) and industry (B = 1.15; CI: 0.16–2.14) were positively associated with higher perceived stress scores, as were depression and anxiety (as part of an interaction). Resilience had a small negative association with perceived stress (B = −0.04; CI: −0.06, −0.03). Results from the qualitative analysis showed that the uncertainty around financial stress increased perceived stress. Women farmers described the unique demands and challenges they face that contributed to their overall stress. Results from this study can inform the development of mental health resources and research aimed at decreasing stress among Canadian farmers.

Participatory Action Research (PAR) – to better understand the experiences of nurse academics working in a team

Background There is considerable literature outlining the high levels of occupational stress nurse academics experience, and the potential effect of workplace pressure on mental health and wellbeing. Objectives/Aims/Hypotheses To support the notion that to succeed in an academic environment, academics are more successful when working in a team, two academics conducted a Participation Action Research study. Design The PAR study was developed in line with a Clinical Skill Project to better understand the experiences of nurse academics working in a team. The Clinical Skills Project involved the write up of 40 nursing skills for publication. Twenty-seven academics were recruited into the project and allocated skills to write, in teams of 2–3, according to clinical expertise and interest. The Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach formed the framework for the project, as well as, provided an opportunity for the nurse academics to ‘come together’ at fortnightly team meetings to discuss the project and talk about their experience working in a team. Methods Using the PAR cyclical process of observing, reflecting, planning, and acting there was ongoing opportunity for the academic nurses to discuss, question and share knowledge about academic practices. These Interactive reflections were recorded in a team reflective diary during the meetings. Participants were also asked to reflect on their individual experience of working in the team, before, during and after the project. At the completion of the project all reflective comments were transcribed to form a combined narrative. Results Thematic and content analysis was then undertaken to identify any similarities and or differences in academic staff experience. Conclusions The analysis revealed the following key themes. Working in a team creates better staff relationships, Working in a team can change workplace culture and Working in a team can Improve staff health and well-being.

ПРЕДИКТОРИ ПРОКРАСТИНАЦІЇ У ПРОФЕСІЙНІЙ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ФАХІВЦІВ СОЦІОНОМІЧНИХ ПРОФЕСІЙ

The article considers the predictors of procrastination in the professional activity of specialists of socionomic professions. In the study, procrastination is defined as a personal disposition that manifests itself in human activities and behavior and is characterized by the postponement of significant matters. It is interconnected with personality traits, features of motivation and has development patterns, associated with age. It has been established that socionomic professions are professions aimed at solving problems related to social relations. Their content focuses on the development, regulation, study of social patterns and trends, preservation and transformation of historically defined and accepted forms of culture and traditions at all levels of social interaction. The peculiarities of the professions of psychologist, teacher, social worker and lawyer in the context of the outlined issues are clarified. These include: 1) the presence of interaction between people and social groups that differ in social positions and roles; 2) communication mediated by the goals pursued by each party; 3) prosocial activity of the personality of the specialist, which has become a set of motives for professional activity; 4) the focus of the specialist on the achievement of such humanistic and social ideals as well-being, health, high quality of life, effective development of individuals and groups in various formations of individual and social life. Given the specific features of socionomic professions, the search for predictors of procrastination was conducted among professionally significant personality traits of such specialists, including typical forms of behavior in work situations, attitude to certain aspects of the job, the presence of occupational stress symptoms and related deformations. The personal characteristics that affect the severity of procrastination of specialists were determined, including the obligation, determination, control, modesty, anxiety. It was found that a negative perception of the peculiarities of professional activity and a high level of occupational stress affects the manifestation of procrastination in specialists of socionomic professions. Low self-regulation is defined as the predictor of procrastination, and the tendency to delay is associated with all functional components that ensure the effectiveness of activities: planning, modeling, programming, evaluation of results, flexibility, independence. The connection between procrastination and perfectionism of specialists in socionomic professions has been established. It is concluded that the understanding of predictors of the phenomenon of procrastination of specialists of socionomic professions will contribute to the development of effective ways to overcome it in a certain category of experts, which will be the subject of our further research.

The Philosophy of Stoicism: A Resident's Greatest Weapon When Battling Adversity

Healthcare, particularly the specialty of surgery, is characterized by higher levels of occupational stress and burnout when compared to other professions.1 Occupational stress is the interplay between an individual and his/her environment. One of the primary factors in the extent of occupational stress an individual experiences is how much control he/she possesses over his/her job, the duties of his/her job, and the fashion in which the duties are performed to completion.1

A Study on Occupational Stress among Nurses in Erode District, Tamil Nadu

Nursing is considered one among the stressful professions. Over workload inadequate felicities, and sometimes the profession itself would be the cause of the stress to the Nurses. The professional stress of the Nurses creates so many adverse effects and creates negative effects to the persons who depend on the Nurses as the Occupational Stress reduces their concentration in medication. These made this study as essential one. Weiman Occupational Stress Scale was used to construct questionnaire to collect the data from Nurses and required statistical tools were used to analyses the relationship of stress causers with demographic factors and the impact of stress on the physical and mental health of the respondents. The results of the study were found that the Nurses were confronting high level of Occupational Stress during the period of Lockdown. The main stressors were over workload, in adequate felicities, fear of getting affected by the Corona virus and inadequate quality time with family. The demographic factors have significant relationship with the causes of Occupational Stress and the impact of Occupational Stress on the physical, emotional and Psychological state of Nurses is also immense. So enough measures have to be taken to moderate the stress level of Nurses as it is required for Nurses themselves and the patients depending them.

Educators' self-esteem: the effect of perceived occupational stress and the role of organizational support

PurposeThis research investigates the mediation effect of perceived organizational support on the relationship between organization-based self-esteem and perceived occupational stress of teachers.Design/methodology/approachThe present quantitative venture follows a causal research design to unveil the relationship among organization based self-esteem (independent variable), perceived occupational stress (dependent variable) and perceived organizational support (intervening variable). The research surveys 813 educators from nineteen selected distinct areas of Dhaka city; the survey instrument has twenty-six items apart from some general inquires about the respondents. To address the dynamic interplay among these variables, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is conducted within a structural equation modeling (SEM) framework.FindingsTeachers with low self-esteem perceived a high level of occupational stress, whereas teachers who perceived high organizational support feel low occupational stress. Increasing organizational support not only increases organization-based self-esteem but also mediates the relationship between self-esteem and occupational stress.Practical implicationsTeachers' stress is not only an increasing problem over the years but also it was one of the top six most stressful professions. The present study outlines the possible organizational initiatives that can reduce the stresses of the teaching profession.Originality/valueThe findings of the present study square with several theoretical frameworks such as the job demands–resources (JD–R) model and conservation of resources (COR) theory. The results highlight the fact that allowing school teachers to express their ideas and points of view makes them feel esteemed. Likewise, good relations with the school head and getting positive feedback are found to be contributing factors. The teachers feel lesson planning overburdensome and undue office inspections hurt their self-esteem. Any school can increase the self-esteem of the teachers by providing support and training to adjust to changes.

OCCUPATIONAL STRESS, DEPRESSION AND JOB SATISFACTION OF SPECIAL EDUCATION TEACHERS

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate occupational stress, depression and anxiety of primary education special education teachers, as well as levels of job satisfaction and how these are related to a number of demographic variables. Method: One hundred (100) special education teachers (39 males & 61 females) from the Regional Directorate of Attica took part in this study. Four self-report questionnaires were administered to the participants, i.e., the Perceived Stress Scale-14, the Depression Anxiety Stress-21, the Employee Satisfaction Inventory scale, and the Job Satisfaction Scale. A short health status questionnaire was also administered to the participants with questions related to the demographic data of the participants (gender, age, etc.), questions related to the work of the participants (level of education, years of service, etc.), as well as questions related to participants' health (e.g. How good is your health?). The statistical package SPSSv.21 was used for statistical analysis of the data. A variety of descriptive measures (frequency, percentages, mean, etc.) were used to describe the results. Pearson's linear correlation coefficient r was used to test the correlation between two variables. Additionally, the PROCESS macro (version 3) for SPSS was used in order to conduct moderation analysis. Results: The results showed that participants reported moderate levels of perceived stress, anxiety and depression, as well as levels of job satisfaction. Negative correlations between perceived stress and job satisfaction and between depression and job satisfaction were observed. Regarding stress and health status, elevated levels of stress were related to poorer health. Furthermore, correlations between stress, anxiety and depression with job satisfaction appeared to be influenced by gender, and in most cases the correlations had different directions between males and females. Therefore, occupational stress, depression and anxiety can be considered as predictors of the health status of special education teachers, as high levels of occupational stress and anxiety are strongly related to low levels of self-reported health-well-being, satisfaction. Conclusions: The results of this study highlight the need to explore the mental health of special education needs teachers that are associated with specific physical health issues so that measures can be taken for the development of prevention programs and personal strategies in order to cope with stress, anxiety and depression in teachers. Article visualizations:

Stress Among Surgeons: Sources and Determinants

A career in surgery brings significant challenges that can lead to substantial personal distress. To document the prevalence and sources of stress among surgeons working in Saudi Arabia. The survey was conducted between February and June 2019. All participants were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire interview; it included socio-economic data, data related to work, and an International Stress Management Association stress questionnaire. A total of 357 surgeons were surveyed. Their ages ranged from 21 to 66 years old. Respondents, who expressed themselves as more likely to experience stress and more prone to stress and stress-related illness, were 156 (43.7%) and 150 (42%), respectively. The surgeons, who expressed the most stress, were neurosurgeons (73.1%), followed by urology surgeons (66.7%). Ophthalmologists experienced the least stress at 18.1% while ENT surgeons experienced the second-lowest amount of stress at 25.6%. Age, years of experience, and number of calls per month were identified as significant predictors of stress among surgeons. This study highlights high levels of occupational stress among surgeons. Self-awareness among physicians can enhance the ability to recognize their vulnerability to stress. The results of the study support the potential of mindfulness training to promote resilience during residency.

The Impact of Employment Status and Occupation Type on Occupational Stress and General Health of Physically Disabled Employees in Vocational Centers of the State Welfare Organization of Tehran: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: Disabled people experience worse situation in respect of the stress, health, and socio-demographic indicators than healthy people. Little knowledge is available about the way in which this disadvantage is patterned by employment status and occupation type, especially in employees with physical disabilities. Few studies have investigated the potential effect of employment status and occupation type on general health and occupational stress in physically disabled employees. This study investigated the role of employment status and occupation type and demographic factors in predicting general health and also, examined the relations between occupational stress and general health while adjusting for demographic factors among employees with physical disabilities in vocational centers of the State Welfare Organization in Tehran City, Iran. Materials &amp; Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical study with a cross-sectional design. The study was performed among 273 people with physical disabilities employed in the productive workrooms of vocational rehabilitation centers of Tehran, which were selected via convenience sampling. Data collection tools were Occupational Stress Index (OSI) developed by Belkic (1991) based upon cognitive ergonomics concept to measure the five key potential work-related stressors, Goldberg’s 28-item General Health Questionnaires (GHQ-28) (1979) to detect psychiatric illness as well as current psychological state in the past month and self-administered demographic form. Data analysis was conducted in SPSS software, using the independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and multiple linear regression. Results: The Mean±SD age of the physically disabled employees was 33.65 (3.76) years. Most of them were aged 30 to 39 years. (55.2%), men (60.4%), married (60.4%), with part-time employment (67%) and engaged in productive affairs (30%). The relationship between general health and occupational stress with gender and marital status was found to be significant (P&lt;0.05). Women and married subjects had more occupational stress. Moreover, there were significant differences in general health and occupational stress subscales regarding employment status (P&lt;0.05). Part-time employees were exposed to more stressful physical conditions and accidents at work than others, causing a higher level of occupational stress. In addition, employees who were engaged in art-related jobs had higher rate of time pressure, problems and decision-making situations in their workplace, hence, overall more occupational stress. Multiple linear regression analyses were then performed on data to identify general health predictors while adjusting for demographic variables. Age had a significant independent direct effect on enhanced somatic symptoms (β=0.16). Disabled women had a higher score of somatic symptoms than men (β=1.97). Furthermore, part-time employment was directly related to somatic and depression symptoms (β=1.26 and 1.51). Productive works were significantly associated with a higher level of somatic symptoms, anxiety, insomnia and depression symptoms (β=1.28, 1.53 and 1.95, respectively). Therefore, being female, employing as a part-time worker and working in productive affairs were significant predictors of somatic and depressive symptoms in physically disabled employees. Moreover, the physical condition of the workplace, workplace problems and decision-making situations were positively related to somatic symptoms (β=0.7, 0.13 and 0.14, respectively). In overall, 49% of the variance in somatic symptoms (the best model fit) could be explained by independent variables. Conclusion: Employment status and occupation type are significantly related to occupational stress, which in turn, causes general health disparities among people with physical disabilities. With respect to the higher level of somatic symptoms and depression in part-time employees, it seems that changing their employment status to full-time, can reduce their stress load and improve their health. In addition, women and married subjects experience more occupational stress and have more somatic symptoms

Investigating the relationship between job stress, workload and oxidative stress in nurses

Objectives. Occupational stress and workload are common risk factors among nurses that increase absenteeism, reduce the quality and quantity of patient care, increase care costs and increase the patient safety risk. The relation between these risk factors and oxidative stress levels has not been clearly defined. Methods. This study was conducted with 258 participants (126 nurses as the case group and 132 healthy adults as the control group). Information was collected using a demographic questionnaire, the nurses’ occupational stress scale and the NASA task load index workload questionnaire. Blood samples were taken from the participants and then the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured in the serum samples. Independent t tests and one-way analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis. Results. SOD and TAC were significantly higher and MDA was significantly lower among the case group compared to the control group. TAC levels significantly decreased with increased stress. MDA levels showed negative associations with stress and workload. Nurses experience high levels of occupational stress and workload. Conclusion. Biomarkers such as SOD, TAC and MDA are the most important predictors of work stress and overwork in this study.

The Relationship Between Personality Types and Occupational Stress of Teachers in Selected Private Higher Education Institutions of Addis Ababa

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between personality types and occupational stress of teachers in private higher education institutions of Addis Ababa. The study employed correlational research design and the lottery method was used to select 154 participants. Two instruments were used which were Big Five Inventory (BFI) and Teachers Occupational Stress Scale (TOSS). To analyze the collected data, both descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. The findings of the study revealed that 30.3% of the teachers experienced a low level of stress, 42.8% experienced moderate levels of stress, and 26.9% experienced high levels of occupational stress. Female teachers score significantly higher occupational stress (M=57.74, SD=11.24) as compared to the males (M=47.76, SD= 5.24) and the t-test yielded a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of male and female teachers on the overall occupational stress scale (t=-4.491, df=143, P=.000, α=0.05). The result also indicated that there is a significant negative correlation between occupational stress and conscientiousness (r=-0.442, p&lt;0.05), agreeableness and occupational stress (r=-0.371, p&lt;0.05), and extraversion and occupational stress (r=-0.347, p&lt;0.05). However, there is no statistically significant relationship between openness and occupational stress of teachers (r=-0.002, p&gt;0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between neuroticism and the occupational stress of teachers (r=0.211, p&lt;0.05). Moreover, the results revealed that personality has a statistically significant negative link with occupational stress (r=-0.338, p&lt;0.05). Keywords : Personality Types, Occupational Stress DOI: 10.7176/JEP/12-4-03 Publication date: February 28 th 2021

РОЗРОБЛЕННЯ ОПИТУВАЛЬНИКА “ОЦІНЮВАННЯ МОРАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОГО СТАНУ ВІЙСЬКОВОСЛУЖБОВЦІВ ПІДРОЗДІЛІВ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ГВАРДІЇ УКРАЇНИ З КОНВОЮВАННЯ, ЕКСТРАДИЦІЇ ТА ОХОРОНИ ПІДСУДНИХ”

In this article we propose to consider the questionnaire of assessment of the moral and psychological condition of the servicemen of the National Guard of Ukraine of the escorting convicts. With the help of a questionnaire, the moral and psychological condition of a serviceman is assessed, and an expert assessment of the moral and psychological condition of servicemen is carried out with the help of certain factors. Formulation of the problem: conditions for combat missions by servicemen of National Guard of Ukraine of escorting convicts units are characterized by a negative impact on the human psyche. Adverse conditions, discomfort and threatening factors create a high level of occupational stress. The servicemen of the National Guard of Ukraine who perform a combat mission is exposed not only to physical threat (life and health) but also a significant risk of stress, neuropsychiatric disorders and mental maladaptation. They often cause disruptions in professional activities, loss or reduction of ability to work, interpersonal conflicts, violations of discipline, alcohol use and other negative phenomena. The purpose of the article is to develop a questionnaire to assess the moral and psychological condition of the personnel of the National Guard of Ukraine escorting convicts units. Analysis of recent research and publications. Today there are several methods, the main of which is the assessment of the situation during the battle with the determination of the level of readiness of servicemen for combat operations; assessment of the moral and psychological condition of the personnel of the unit in peacetime and wartime; assessment of the moral and psychological condition of the personnel of the troops on the basis of quantitative determination of its main indicators; assessment and prediction of moral and psychological condition. None of them is officially defined as normative, but mandatory for use in the military sphere.

Occupational stress and burnout among physiotherapists: a cross-sectional survey in Cadiz (Spain)

BackgroundOccupational stress is considered an ongoing epidemic. An inadequate response to a stressful situation can trigger burnout syndrome. In this way, the assistant services (health and teaching) often reach higher levels of burnout. The present study aimed to measure the level of occupational stress and burnout in physiotherapists in the province of Cadiz (Spain), working in the public and/or private sector.MethodsThis was an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study. A sample of 272 physiotherapists took part in the study. The variables measured were sociodemographic variables, working conditions, level of occupational stress and burnout. Burnout includes three characteristics or dimensions: emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP) and personal accomplishment (PA). Correspondence analysis of the sociodemographic, organizational and psychological variables were analyzed using Chi-squared significance tests. Spearman correlations and a linear regression analysis were also carried out to determine the dependence between occupational stress and burnout.ResultsThe results showed that 30.51% of physiotherapists suffered from a high level of occupational stress, while 34.56% suffered from an average level. There was a clear dependence between a high level of stress and professionals who felt stressed during their academic training period (p = 0.02), those who were in temporary work (p = 0.03) and those with over 10 years of professional experience (p = 0.05). The overall level of burnout was low, since only the EE dimension had a high value; the average was 21.64 ± 10.57. The DP (6.57 ± 4.65) and PA (39.52 ± 5.97) levels were low. There was a significant dependence (p < 0.05) between EE and the following sociodemographic variables: work shift, willingness to study the same degree, stress and inadequate academic training, and a stressful job. In addition, a significant correlation was found between occupational stress and the EE and DP dimensions of burnout.ConclusionsA high prevalence of occupational stress was detected among physiotherapists in Cadiz (Spain). The levels of occupational stress and its correlation with burnout show that the cumulative effect of stress could lead to burnout. Furthermore, these results regarding occupational stress show the necessity of developing coping strategies for physiotherapists and healthcare staff.

Factor Predicting the Use of Physical Restrain in Clinical Setting

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to identify the factors predicting psychiatric nurses&amp;rsquo; decision to use physical restraint in a clinical psychiatric setting in the Province of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. &#x0D; &#x0D; METHODS: A descriptive explanatory design was used. 110 nurses working in a psychiatric hospital in Jeddah city were recruited during the period 27th April to 29th June 2017. The outcome was assessed on the following scales: level of knowledge, occupational stress, working environment, nurses&amp;rsquo; attitude toward use of physical restraint and nurses&amp;rsquo; practice toward use of physical restraint. &#x0D; &#x0D; RESULTS: The study participants had sufficient knowledge about the use of physical restraint, experienced high levels of occupational stress, suffered an unproductive working environment and accepted attitudes and practice toward physical restraint. In addition, these variables significantly predicted the nurses&amp;rsquo; use of physical restraint. &#x0D; &#x0D; CONCLUSION: The findings revealed that the level of knowledge and occupational stress scales, the working environment, and nurses&amp;rsquo; attitude and practice toward the use of physical restraint significantly predicted the nurses&amp;rsquo; use of physical restraint. &#x0D; &#x0D; RECOMMENDATIONS: The study recommends the establishment of educational and awareness programmes for nurses to better understand the concept of restraining a patient and the consideration of alternative measures for controlling agitated and violent patients. It also recommends that providing adequate staffing and other resources, maintaining a therapeutic ward environment, and decreasing work-related stress could influence psychiatric nurses&amp;rsquo; decisions to use physical restraint on their patients.

Age differences in trajectories of depressive, anxiety, and burnout symptoms in a population with a high likelihood of persistent occupational distress.

Work in occupations with higher levels of occupational stress can bring mental health costs. Many older adults worldwide are continuing to work past traditional retirement age, raising the question whether older adults experience depression, anxiety, or burnout at the same or greater levels as younger workers, and whether there are differences by age in these levels over time. Longitudinal survey of 1161 currently employed US clergy followed every 6-12 months for up to 66 months. Depression was measured with the 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8). Anxiety was measured using the anxiety component of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Burnout symptoms were assessed using the three components of the Maslach Burnout Inventory: emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and sense of personal accomplishment (PA). Older participants had lower scores of depression, anxiety, EE, and DP and higher levels of PA over time compared to younger adults. Levels of EE decreased for older working adults, while not significantly changing over time for those younger. DP symptoms decreased over time among those 55 years or older but increased among those 25-54 years. Older working adults may have higher levels of resilience and be able to balance personal life with their occupation as well as may engage in certain behaviors that increase social support and, for clergy, spiritual well-being that may decrease stress in a way that allows these older adults to appear to tolerate working longer without poorer mental health outcomes.

Stress management training program for stress reduction and coping improvement in public health nurses: A randomized controlled trial.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the stress management interventional program in reducing occupational stress and improving coping strategies among public health nurses. A double-blind, cluster-randomized approach was used as a randomization method for this study to evaluate the stress management interventional program. A cluster-randomized controlled trial was carried out in eight comprehensive healthcare centres in Amman city, Jordan; four centres were randomly assigned to each experimental and control group. One hundred and seventy nurses were selected randomly from March 2019 - August 2019 and data were collected by using the Nursing Stress Scale & brief COPE over three data collection times. Both descriptive and inferential statistics (repeated measure ANOVA, Independent t test, and chi-squared) were used to answer the research questions of this study. The results showed that both the levels of occupational stress and coping strategies were significantly different between the two study groups over the three data collection points (p<0.05). Based on the findings of this study, the stress management program is an effective non-invasive method that can be used to reduce stress levels and improve coping strategies for public health nurses. The implementation of stress management interventions in health care is likely to help nurses manage occupational stress in practice. Nurses suffer from a high level of occupational stress. In particular, approximately74% of nurses experience severe occupational stress, which can lead to many mental and physical disorders. However, nurses were less able to utilize the correct stress preventive strategies due to gaps in knowledge, skills, and awareness. This study contributed to the provision of empirical evidence of the effectiveness of the stress management program in reducing occupational stress and improving coping strategies among public health nurses. A stress management intervention program is a valuable non-invasive method that can be used by healthcare organizations to reduce stress levels and improve coping strategies for nurses in practice. NCT03833986.

Understanding the mental health and wellbeing needs of police officers and staff in Scotland

ABSTRACT Police work can be stressful and demanding and can impact on employee wellbeing. This study aimed to understand mental health (MH) issues and risk factors for poor MH in officers and staff of the Police Service of Scotland (PSoS); and gather their ideas of workplace wellbeing interventions that are suitable for this workforce. Face-to-face/telephone interviews were conducted with 30 Superintendents and eight stakeholders, recruited throughout PSoS. Interview topics included: MH issues; health/health behaviours; employment; and potentially beneficial workplace interventions. A thematic analysis approach was adopted. High levels of occupational stress and anxiety, currently or in the past, were reported, as were experiences of PTSD, anxiety and depression. The main stressors reported were working hours, workload, culture, leadership and organisational change. Officers and staff recognised progress towards promoting and managing MH in the service but identified interventions, including training, counselling, and environmental workplace changes as needed to address mental health issues within police cultures.