High-level Universities Research Articles

Public Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Antibiotics, Riyadh, KSA

Background: Antibiotics are important drugs used against bacterial infections. Unfortunately, overusing them resulted in the development of resistant bacteria. There are limited data concerning antibiotic use so we worked on this study to provide more updated data. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess public knowledge, attitude and practice regarding antibiotics use and related factors in Riyadh – KSA. Method: It was a cross-sectional online and manual survey involving 474 respondents and was conducted in Riyadh, KSA in February 2016. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: Most of the respondents (86.5%) had used antibiotics for others (friends and family). Only 7% of respondents had good knowledge and about 50% of them had negative attitudes. Respondents' educational level was a predictor of negative attitude as those with a low level of education (below secondary) 66.7% were more likely to show negative attitude compared to those with high educational level (university and above; 40%). Poor level of knowledge was a predictor of negative attitude; as 65% of respondents with poor knowledge showed a negative attitude compared to only 24.2%; those with a good level of knowledge. Conclusion: This study concluded that females and married participants showed better practice toward antibiotics use. Higher education level was strongly associated with better knowledge, attitude, and practice and was not associated with an increased risk of self-medication. Respondents with high income and those with better knowledge exhibited better practice.

Individual and regional factors affecting stress and problem alcohol use: A representative nationwide study of China

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to examine the association between individual and environmental stressors and problem alcohol use among Chinese university students. MethodsParticipants were 11,942 students, who were identified through a multistage survey sampling process that included 50 universities. Individual information, including feelings of stress and perceptions of problem alcohol use, was obtained by self report. Urban and regional variables were retrieved from the National Bureau of Statistics database. Both unadjusted and adjusted methods were considered in the analyses. ResultsAlmost one third (32.6%) of the students suffered from some form of severe stress while problem alcohol use prevalence was 7.3%, (95% CI: 4.1–10.4%). The multilevel logistic regression model found that uncertainty stress, gender, father's occupation and monthly expenses were associated with problem alcohol use. Of the contextual factors home region and the university city GDP and unemployment rate were important. When interactions were considered, the relationship between monthly expenses and financial uncertainty and problem drinking was most evident in high level universities. By contrast, the effects of uncertainty stress on problem drinking were most evident in middle and low level universities. ConclusionsThe findings underscore that efforts to control problem alcohol use among students in China should pay greater attention to environmental determinants of stress and particularly to improvements in stress management in university settings.

Analysis of the China’s High-level University Construction on Compensation System Reformation-Based on the Compensation System of Foreign Universities

Teachers are the subject of education. As a significant part of universities’ evaluation mechanism, the level of university teachers’ income has obviously transcended their personal benefits, and directly influences the whole administration of universities’ management. Accordingly, establishing a scientific and effective universities’ compensation management system plays a core role in determining the compensation incentive effects of teachers in teaching and research universities, as well as in affecting the quality of university teachers’ construction. Through several reforms of Chinese university teachers’ compensation system, the income level of teachers has been improved and the income structure has tended to be reasonable. Yet, during the procedure of constructing China’s high level university, the problems existed in the distribution system of universities’ compensation incentives and evaluation mechanism like performance assessment still remain and are needed to be improved. This article will try to propose some methods and suggestions on compensation system in Chinese university using the view of improving compensation incentive impacts, by combining the experience of foreign universities’ compensation management pattern.

Regional contextual influences on short sleep duration: a 50 universities population-based multilevel study in China

ABSTRACTBackground: Ecological models have emphasized that short sleep duration (SSD) is influenced by both individual and environmental variables. However, few studies have considered the latter.Objectives: The present study explores the influence of urban and regional contextual factors, net of individual characteristics, on the prevalence of SSD among university students in China.Methods: Participants were 11,954 students, who were identified through a multistage survey sampling process conducted in 50 universities. Individual data were obtained through a self-administered questionnaire, and contextual variables were retrieved from a national database. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to examine urban and regional variations in high and moderate levels of SSD.Results: Overall the prevalence of high SSD (<6 hours sleep duration) was 2.8% (95% CI: 1.7%,3.9%) and moderate SSD (<7 hours) 24.7% (95% CI: 19.5%, 29.8%). Multilevel logistic regressions confirmed that home region gross domestic product (GDP) and the university regional unemployment rate were associated with SSD, net of other individual- and city-level covariates. Students attending high-level universities also recorded the highest levels of SSD. Of the individual characteristcs, only mother’s occupation and student mental health status were related to SSD.Conclusions: The results of this study add important insights about the role of contextual factors affecting SSD among young adults and indicate the need to take into account both past, as well as present, environmental influences to control SSD.

Counseling over Time as a Correlate of Non-Urgent Undergraduate Institutional Commitment

The general purpose of this study was to examine counseling services as a correlate of institutional commitment and related variables over time on a sample of non-urgent undergraduates. Data for non-urgent clients at a University Counseling Center (UCC) were collected using on-line surveys over four time-periods. Within-time correlations generally showed that mental health concerns was negatively related to institutional commitment, while counseling help belief was positively related. Institutional commitment is defined as a student feeling that he or she selected the right institution to attend Using a smaller sample, i.e., n = 15, of complete-data clients matched-over-time, overall level of mental health concerns significantly declined, while institutional commitment significantly increased. Counseling help belief decreased from Time 1 to Time 2 but then increased over time. Scientifically demonstrating to higher-level University administration that counseling over time can positively influence undergraduates’ institutional commitment can help the UCC to increase its allocation of university-based resources to keep pace with non-urgent client demands.

Influence and Enlightenment of University Enrollment Expansion Policy in China—Based on the Coexistence of Labor Shortage and Employment Difficulty

In view of the expansion of college enrollment, the shortage of labor force and the difficulty of employment, the paper shows that the expansion of college enrollment is one of the reasons for the shortage of labor force and employment. The main reason is the supply of the labor market changed for university enrollment expansion, and the lack of the ability to configure labor market human resources, and existing industrial structure solidify. By this revelation, the paper discusses that the adjustment of the higher education policy, need to deal with the relationship between “dynamic” and “fixed”, the scale and structure of higher education and industrial structure, then puts forward the policy should reduce interference of the high-level university and high-level human training, and the scale and structure of higher education should guide the adjustment of industrial structure.

Testing the Impact of Counseling over Time on Non-Urgent Undergraduate Life Satisfaction

Data for non-urgent undergraduate clients at a University Counseling Center (UCC) were collected using on-line surveys over three time-periods. Despite the expected diminishing number of participants over time, within-time correlations generally showed that level of mental distress and mental health concerns were negatively related to life satisfaction, while self-esteem was positively related. Using a smaller sample of matched-over-three time-periods clients, levels of mental distress and mental health concerns significantly declined, while life satisfaction significantly increased. The strongest changes for this complete data sample were found from Time 1 to Time 3 for reduced mental health concerns and increased life satisfaction. These findings reinforce that additional counseling sessions for undergraduates may be beneficial, and that spreading these sessions out may also be useful. Scientifically demonstrating to higher-level University administration that a UCC can help undergraduates in distress should ideally help the UCC to increase its allocation of university-based resources.

First-principle study of the structural, electronic, and optical properties of SiC nanowires**Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61664008), the Special Research Funds for Discipline Construction of High Level University Project, China (Grant No. 2015SXTS02), the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (Grant

We preform first-principle calculations for the geometric, electronic structures and optical properties of SiC nanowires (NWs). The dielectric functions dominated by electronic interband transitions are investigated in terms of the calculated optical response functions. The calculated results reveal that the SiC NW is an indirect band-gap semiconductor material except at a minimum SiC NW (n = 12) diameter, showing that the NW (n = 12) is metallic. Charge density indicates that the Si–C bond of SiC NW has mixed ionic and covalent characteristics: the covalent character is stronger than the ionic character, and shows strong s–p hybrid orbit characteristics. Moreover, the band gap increases as the SiC NW diameter increases. This shows a significant quantum size and surface effect. The optical properties indicate that the obvious dielectric absorption peaks shift towards the high energy, and that there is a blue shift phenomenon in the ultraviolet region. These results show that SiC NW is a promising optoelectronic material for the potential applications in ultraviolet photoelectron devices.

Association Between Socioeconomic Status and Participation in Colonoscopy Screening Program in First Degree Relatives of Colorectal Cancer Patients.

BackgroundApproximately 15% to 25% of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases have positive family history for disease. Colonoscopy screening test is the best way for prevention and early diagnosis. Studies have found that first degree relatives (FDRs) with low socioeconomic status are less likely to participate in colonoscopy screening program. ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to determine the association between socioeconomic status and participation in colonoscopy screening program in FDRs.Patients and MethodsThis descriptive cross-sectional, study has been conducted on 200 FDRs who were consulted for undergoing colonoscopy screening program between 2007 and 2013 in research institute for gastroenterology and liver disease of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. They were interviewed via phone by a valid questionnaire about socioeconomic status. For data analysis, chi-square, exact fisher and multiple logistic regression were executed by SPSS 19.ResultsThe results indicated 58.5% participants underwent colonoscopy screening test at least once to the time of the interview. There was not an association between participation in colonoscopy screening program and socioeconomic status to the time of the interview in binomial analysis. But statistical significance between intention to participate and educational and income level were found. We found, in logistic regression analysis, that high educational level (Diploma and University degree in this survey) was a predictor to participate in colonoscopy screening program in FDRs.ConclusionsAccording to this survey low socioeconomic status is an important factor to hinder participation of FDRs in colonoscopy screening program. Therefore, planned interventions for elevation knowledge and attitude in FDRs with low educational level are necessary. Also, reducing colonoscopy test costs should be a major priority for policy makers.

Economies of Scale and Scope in Internationalisation: Evidence from Chinese Universities

Globalisation has reached every corner of the world in the 21st century. Recognising this opportunity, China’s official education strategy, “The National Outline for Medium- and Long-Term Educational Reform and Development (2010–2020)”, proposed a series of policies to promote internationalisation of education, including attracting more international students to study in Chinese universities. Although international students can bring benefits to Chinese universities, they inevitably also increase costs. Does recruiting more international students actually influence the cost efficiency of Chinese universities? By employing the flexible fixed cost quadratic function to estimate economies of scale and scope in internationalisation, this article attempts to provide pilot answers to the question. The empirical results suggest that there are both economies of scale and economies of scope in recruiting international students. This suggests that Chinese high-level universities should recruit more international students to align with the national strategy.

Alur Evaluasi Materi Ajar Bahasa Inggris Kurikulum 2013

In 2013 the government has launched a new curriculum for applied and implemented at all levels of education, starting from elementary school (SD), Junior High School (SMP), High School (SMA), and Level College or University. However, there still exists some problem in the implementation the curriculum 2013, the national education minister decided to postpone its implementation for schools - a new school run first semester. While, for schools that have conducted one or more years may continue to use it. Due to these circumstances, the researchers decided to select a few schools that exist in the city of Padang and West Sumatra that were already implementing the curriculum in 2013.To determine the development of a new curriculum, there should be an evaluation, namely the evaluation of teaching materials used by teachers in implementing the curriculum, 2013. From the research that has been conducted, the researchers found that of all schoollevels, namely junior and senior high schools in and outside the city of Padang ( West Sumatra), there are three things that have been found. First, all the material presented teachers and learning process (PBM) already is in accordance with the curriculum of 2013. Second, the material provided in accordance with the teaching indicator. Third, based on the indicators according to experts; Nunan, and Maley, 90% indicator is found in the teaching materials used by teachers - teachers in junior and senior high schools in and outside thecity of Padang (West Sumatra). Finally, the researcher construct a model which represents the cycles of teaching material evaluation.

Who Has More Opportunities to Attend College?—An Empirical Study of the Strata Distribution of Different Qualities of Higher Education Opportunities in China

:The author uses sampling survey data from students at higher education institutions and performs an empirical analysis of the distribution of different types of higher education opportunities for residents with different socioeconomic backgrounds. The study finds that there is a significant relationship between the distribution of different qualities of higher education opportunities in China and the socioeconomic backgrounds of student families and parents’ social strata. The children of those with advanced degrees, large city residencies, high incomes, and advantaged occupations occupy more high-quality higher education opportunities. Further analysis shows that even though there is a large proportion of those with high incomes at high-level universities, income is not the main cause of this advantage. When other factors such as urban-rural residence and parents’ degrees and occupations are identical, children from high-income families actually have fewer high-quality higher education opportunities.

Room temperature damping correlated to the microstructures in Cu–20.4Al–8.7Mn**Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51301150), the Special Program of Science and Technology New Star of Shaanxi Province, China (Grant No. 2013KJXX-11), and the High-level University Construction Special Program of Shaanxi Province, China (Grant No. Physics-2012SXTS05).

The damping capacity of the shape memory alloy Cu–20.4Al–8.7Mn (at.%) at room temperature is investigated by an internal friction technique. Results indicate that the alloy exhibits higher damping capacity in the Martensitic condition than that in the austenitic condition due to the latter having lower intrinsic damping capacity and pinning effect coming from the precipitate particles. The maximum damping capacity is obtained in the coexistence condition of Martensite and austenite. The condition can be achieved when processing an isothermal ageing for the as-cast sample at temperatures of 100 °C–150 °C. Three possible mechanisms are considered to account for the maximum damping capacity. They are listed as much increased interfaces between twin boundaries, owing to the thinning of martensitic plates, martensitic transformation induced by the applied stress during internal friction measurements, phase transformation itself based on the coexistence of martensitic and austenitic phases with a macroscopic amount. However, the contribution of the first mechanism is predominant.

The Research Status and Prospects of the Econopower Car

Since 2007, Honda China Eco Mileage Challenge was held for 7 years, so far, nearly hundred teams participated in the competition. Although the national ranking of our school’s fuel econopower cars is ideal, but the competition results between our school and high level universities is remote. For raising the grade of the econopower car, this paper analyzed the articles about econopower car that published in recent years, discusses the main research direction of econopower car and main achievements, analyse it from the main research direction and research method, offer the technology of econopower car at current in domestic, summarizes the research trend of econopower car, make guidance for the future design of econopower car, also.

Perceptions of antenatal care services by pregnant women attending government health centres in the Buea Health District, Cameroon: a cross sectional study.

IntroductionUser'sperception of quality of ANC services crucially impacts continuity of use of these services and hence pregnancy outcome. However in our community, ANC user's perceptions of quality are not known.MethodsAn observational analytic cross-sectional study was carried out amongst pregnant women attending selected government health centres in the Buea Health District. We recruited 385 consenting pregnant women for the study. Demographic and clinical data were collected using structured questionnaires. The data was entered into Microsoft Excel and exported toEpi-Info (Version 3.5.1) for analysis.ResultsGeographical accessibility and perceived quality of care were the predominant reasons for choosing or changing a site for ANC. One third of respondents (30.1%) attended a health centre out of their catchment health area with Buea Town health centre receiving the highest proportion of women out of the health area (56.8% of attendees). Knowledge about antenatal care varied and majority of respondents (96.4%) were satisfied with the antenatal services received. However, there were elements of dissatisfaction with health centre services, poor sitting facilities, amenities, few health education talks and poor nursing skills. High educational level (high school and university) (X2 = 8.714; p = 0.01) and first time pregnancy(X2= 4.217; p= 0.04) were significantly associated with poor satisfaction.ConclusionPolicy makers should implement changes in the health care delivery system taking into account the users’ preferences, more so in the light of increasing female education in Cameroon.

Practice and Reflection on High-Level Personnel Training and Introduction: A Case Study of Changchun University of Science & Technology

The great cause is based on education, and education is based on human resource. Human resource is the primary resource to revitalize education. To implement the strategy of strengthening the powers and influences of universities based on human resource is the most critical factor to create a high-level university. In this paper, on the basis of the current conditions of human resources in Changchun University of Science & Technology, authors introduces several specific measures concerning the human resource, and put forward some suggestions for discussion with other colleges, in the hope of promoting the human resource management in universities and colleges.

Book Review: Spectacular Girls: Media Fascination &amp; Celebrity Culture, by Sarah Projansky

Spectacular Girls: Media Fascination & Celebrity Culture. Sarah Projansky, New York: New York University Press, 2014. 308 pp. $24 pbk.Sarah Projansky, professor of film and media arts and gender studies at the University of Utah, is also author of Watching Rape: Film and Television in Postfeminist Culture and is no stranger to topics of media and the public fascination with girls. Here, she focuses on the spectacularization of girls, or how the media makes some girls stand out as noteworthy while belittling others. Projansky focuses on high-profile girls in the media by following this dichotomy, that is, she categorizes them as the can-do girl or the at-risk girl, a distinction originally laid out by scholar Anita Harris. Projansky upholds this classification and, through both a critical feminist and media studies lens, reviews how twenty-first-century media makes these girls a spectacle.Referring to her line of study as Feminist girls media studies, Projansky focuses on the relationship between girls and media. The book provides ample support for her chosen approaches, theories, and opinions. Indeed, the book is well-written and prolifically sourced, which begs the question: for whom the book is intended?Herein lies the book's most substantial problem: the subject matter and uses of popular references and pop-culture icons make it an interesting topic for a mother or daughter's pleasure reading. However, the manner in which it is written as well as the assumptions it makes about what the reader already knows (foundational knowledge of feminist theory and major contributors to the field) render the book only suitable as course reading in higher level university classes.In fact, Projansky relies on her audience's baseline understanding of feminist theory- anyone familiar with the subject will recognize the names Mary Pipher, Carol Gilligan, and Angela McRobbie. However, that is not to say the entire book is a reflection on past work. After a lengthy introductory chapter, complete with an overly thorough outline of what is to come, the book presents chapters on a diversity of media subjects ranging from the more general television and movies, to the more specific topic of queer African American girls. Here, she writes about media for a critical feminist audience and relating back to the foremothers of the field.Beginning with Chapter One, Projansky discusses what she refers to as Pint-sized and precious girl stars in film history. This chapter reviews the paramount role white girl film stars play in our society's media culture and takes the reader through film history highlighting notable girl stars like Tatum O'Neal. In a lengthy process, Projansky connects girl film stars with scandal and sexuality in a way that defines the girl star by the media's own star system.In Chapter Two, Projansky examines mass magazine cover girls. Here, the author conducted an empirical review on every Time, Newsweek, and People magazines' cover from January 1990 to July 2012. …

Internet Banking Adoption and Usage in Albania: An Empirical Study

The banking industry has undergone significant operational changes over the last decade, thanks to advances in information technology. The rapid diffusion of the Internet, in particular, has revolutionized the delivery channels used by the financial services industry. According to Central Bank of Albania, at the end of 2012, 11 banks in Albania provide internet banking services. Internet banking was the only home banking service during period 2005-2010. The number and value of internet banking transactions has increased from 2005 to 2012. The aim of this paper is to study the Internet banking usage by individual clients of banks in Albania. The objectives of this research are: to identify Internet banking services that banks’ clients use and to identify the socio-demographic factors that influence the use of Internet banking. The target population was comprised by individuals that have a bank account. A questionnaire was distributed to banks’ clients during November 2013. The hypothesis to be tested was: there exist any relationship between socio-demographic characteristics of the client (age, gender, residence, marital status, occupation, education level and monthly income level) and internet banking usage. To test the hypothesis chi-square test and logistic regression model was used. The results of statistical analysis indicated that banks’ clients with high education level (university and master), and those with monthly income higher than ALL 90,000 were more likely to use Internet banking. The findings of this study provide useful information for planning Internet banking promotion strategies, focusing to clients with secondary education and with average monthly income. DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2014.v4n4p460

Human papillomavirus vaccine awareness, acceptability, and decision-making factors among Chinese college students.

College students are recommended as the target groups for catch-up human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. Systematical exploration of awareness, acceptability, and decision-making factors of HPV vaccination among Chinese college students has been limited. A multi-center survey was conducted in mainland China between November 2011 and May 2012. College students aged 18-22 years were stratified by their grade, gender, and major for sampling. Socio-demographic and HPV-related information such as knowledge, perceptions, acceptability, and attitudes were collected through a questionnaire. A total of 3,497 undergraduates completed the questionnaire, among which 1,686 were males. The acceptability of the HPV vaccine was high (70.8%). Undergraduates from high-level universities, at lower grade, or with greater prior knowledge of HPV vaccines showed higher acceptability of HPV vaccination (ptrend <0.001). Additionally, undergraduates with vaccination experience outside the National Expanded Program on Immunization (OR=1.29; 95%CI: 1.10-1.51) or fear of HPV-related diseases (OR=2.79; 95%CI: 2.28-3.41) were more willing to accept HPV vaccination. General knowledge of HPV vaccine was low among undergraduates, and safety was a major concern (71.05%). The majority of students wished to pay less than 300RMB for HPV vaccine and chose the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention as the most appropriate venue for vaccination. Although most undergraduates demonstrate positive attitudes towards HPV vaccination, challenges pertaining to introduction exist in China. Corresponding proactive education and governmental subsidy to do so are urgently needed by this age-group population. Suggestions and potential strategies indicated may help shape the future HPV vaccination program in China.

Physical Health Evaluating System for University Students Based on the ‘Campus Card’

Universities have to evaluate the health status of students every year according to ‘Student Physical Health Standards’, and report the results to the National Physical Health Standards Database. With the existing drawbacks of traditional manual evaluating method, like low efficiency, heavy workload, error-prone and low precision, the students physical health evaluating system based on ’Campus Card’ was proposed and build. The system components, main functions and key techniques are described and the efficiencies before and after the application of this system are compared. The result shows that this system actively improved the management level of university students’ physical health evaluating, which will help to construct the high-level intelligent university.