Higher Levels Of Work Research Articles

Return to work following total knee arthroplasty: A multiple case study of stakeholder perspectives

Objective: The study’s aim was to gain insights into factors influencing sustainable return to work following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Design: A descriptive multiple-case design was used. A case was defined as a worker’s following TKA work disability situation. Settings: The cases came from public hospitals in urban and semi-urban areas in Quebec (Canada) and involved mostly non-work-related TKAs. Subjects: Workers had to be between 6 and 12 months post-TKA, have physical/manual jobs and currently employed. Their rehabilitation professionals and workplace representatives (employer and/or union) were also recruited, based on the work disability paradigm. Main measures: Semi-structured interviews, questionnaires on pain, physical work demands (workers only), and observation of the work activities of those workers back at work were used. Cases were compared and categorized for worker-perceived levels of difficulty in returning to or staying at work: little or no difficulty (n = 8); some difficulty (n = 5); not back at work due to excessive difficulty with their knee (n = 4). Results: A total of 17 cases were constituted. In only one case, the worker benefitted from an interdisciplinary work rehabilitation approach. Results highlight the interplay among these factors: (1) the workers’ perceptions of their residual symptoms and ability to manage them, (2) the interaction between work adjustments and tools offered by the employers and the workers’ own strategies, and (3) perceptions of the workers’ physical capacities. Conclusion: Workers’ who face high levels of work demands/difficulties and who have limited access to work adjustments and tools should be referred for work rehabilitation.

An Ode to Altruism: How Indian Courts Value Unpaid Domestic Work

Unpaid domestic and care work (UDCW) have long captured the imagination of feminist theorists. Marxist, socialist and autonomous feminists have debated domestic labor and wages for housework in the 1970s, chronicled the international sexual division of labour and housewifisation in the global south in the 1980s and studied global care chains with the advent of globalization in the 1990s. Poststructuralist feminists have rendered visible ‘life’s work’ while liberal feminists have grappled with workplace equality and the intractable messiness of the ‘work-life balance.’ Indian feminist economists have meanwhile recast the debates on women’s falling labour force participation rates in terms of a crisis in social reproduction while also demonstrating the need for better measurement of the high levels of both paid and unpaid work (including economic activity and domestic duties) that women are in fact doing. The original focus on UDCW performed at home has now received a new lease of life with the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 5.4. In these discussions on social reproduction however, little attention has been paid to the role of the law in the recognition and redistribution of UDCW. Discussions of the law, where evident, are confined to the recognition of UDCW within family law through a community property regime at divorce. I examine the recognition of UDCW at another point of rupture, namely the death of a housewife through the lens of the laws of personal injury (or tort law). In particular, I focus on the amount of compensation awarded to the dependents of housewives in around 200 cases under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 between 1968 and 2019, tracing the growing recognition of women’s UDCW by Indian appellate courts culminating in an influential Supreme Court decision in 2010 which has been widely followed by Indian High Courts, underlining judicial willingness to recognise the range of UDCW performed by women within the home. I ask how the unpaid labour of housewives, homeworkers and mothers is recognised by tort law? What is the architecture of private law that allows for this? How can we understand the role of tort law in particular, in redistributing resources between men and women and amongst women themselves? Does tort law hold the potential for effecting egalitarian outcomes and if so, under what circumstances? Ultimately, can legal analysis inform the larger debate amongst feminists on social reproduction or does the law simply mirror, even produce iniquitous social realities? Engaging in the minutiae of how damages are valued and monetised I argue, also has normative and methodological pay-offs for feminists. Quantification goes to the very heart of feminist debates on UDCW, making visible the feasibility of recognition by the state, a task that the legal system already manages to do in the realm of tort law. Examining the archive of the law thus throws light on key concepts that feminists and social theorists have long worked with in attempting to have women’s UDCW recognized, to examine how recognition is made possible and at what cost.

Approaches to the Implementation of the Technique of Clean-Up in Post-production of Cinema

The article defines the prerequisites which determinate the need for a clean-up procedure during the work with a film. The approaches which allow to perform the procedure of clearing the dynamic image from unnecessary elements were considered. The algorithms are provided based on these approaches, which are implemented in specialized soft ware. As a result of the review, the main provisions have been formulated, which allow to improve the process of clean-up and to reveal technical difficulties which don’t allow to clean the scene from unnecessary elements in a full scope. It has been found that the procedure of cleaning the scene from unnecessary elements based on the analysis of the image frame. Must be carried out subject to consideration the noise characteristics. Additionally, the clean-up procedure can be simplified to the edge extension method in the case when the sequence is stabilized by the movement of the camera and when the redundant element is a homogeneous structure with certain geometric dimensions on the background of the image. Based on the nodes of The Foundry Nuke, the procedure of clean-up was shawn through the analysis of the basic stages of image work. It was noted that this technique is part of the procedure of rotoscoping the image. In the cinema and television advertising industry, it is often suggested to do a higher level of work, known as "clearing the amount of unnecessary items". In various literary sources, this path has also been termed as clean-up which is translated and removes dirt. Other things, but it tries to use the test to use a ready-made Byzantine movie to analyze a detailed scene analysis, and the footage will find the kinds, elements that are used, or inadvertently used on the screenplay, and someone requires the idea. in some ways, they changed the scene change. In the best case, you can place elements on the screenplay, which simply contain a lack of filming in their work, and you can ask the movie director the question of viewing the fragment. One thing is, when a movie made a movie that happened, it was enlarged to decorative and decorative items. In this case, you can compare the usual process with a certain delay in the location of the scene, action, cameras. However, the situation is used when the above quantities use dimensional decorative elements, or when the shooting itself occurs in nature. Crossing European equipment, setting the stage may simply not be economically viable when creating a modern movie.

Work-Family Conflict, Emotional Responses, Workplace Deviance, and Well-Being among Construction Professionals: A Sequential Mediation Model.

Given the dynamic, complex, and highly demanding project environment, construction professionals are particularly likely to experience a high level of work–family conflict. Taking an emotional resource perspective and on the basis of affective events theory, this study tested negative affect and emotional exhaustion as sequential mediators between two directions of work–family conflict and workplace well-being or deviance behavior. The theoretical model was examined using data collected at two time points from 143 construction professionals through regression analysis and bootstrapping. The results indicate that work–family conflict was positively related to deviant behavior and negatively related to workplace well-being. The findings demonstrate that the mediation effects of emotional exhaustion between work–family conflict and workplace well-being or deviant behavior were significant and that the sequential mediating effects of negative affect and emotional exhaustion in the relationship between work–family conflict and workplace well-being or deviant behavior were significant. Moreover, different impacts of work interference with family and family interference with work on job-related attitudes and behavior were observed. These findings highlight the importance of emotional experience to understand the negative impact of work–family conflict in the temporary project context.

Changes in the meaning of masculinity in men of southern Chile

En América Latina, los estudios sobre masculinidades e intervención con hombres, desarrollados en las últimas décadas, han buscado conocer las subjetividades y prácticas, así como los modelos y mandatos de la masculinidad, visibilizando la participación de los hombres en algunas desigualdades de género (Aguayo y Nascimento, 2016; Olavarría, 2017). Si bien estos estudios muestran una evolución en el modelo tradicional de masculinidad, en América Latina, y en especial en Chile, existen brechas de conocimiento acerca de las diferencias en las representaciones de la masculinidad en distintas generaciones y contextos sociales (Aguayo y Nascimento, 2016). El objetivo del presente estudio fue describir los significados de la masculinidad en hombres del sur de Chile, comparando generaciones y niveles socioeconómicos. Se utilizó un diseño de casos múltiples; la muestra estuvo constituida por jóvenes (18 a 24 años) y adultos medios (45-69 años) distribuidos en tres niveles socioeconómicos. Se desarrollaron seis grupos de discusión. Para el análisis de la información se llevó a cabo un primer nivel de codificación abierta, estableciendo unidades de significado. Estas unidades fueron transformadas por medio de un proceso inductivo en categorías, las cuales fueron comparadas para identificar similitudes, diferencias y posibles vínculos entre ellas. Se encontraron coincidencias y diferencias en los significados asociados a la masculinidad, en función de la edad y del nivel socioeconómico. Las coincidencias en función de la edad se dieron principalmente en las categorías Identidad y Trabajo, y las mayores diferencias en el núcleo Sexualidad, mientras que en función del nivel socioeconómico la mayor diferencia estuvo en la categoría Trabajo.

Creative industries micro-enterprises and informality: a case study of the Shweshwe sewing industry in South Africa

ABSTRACT The Cultural and Creative Industries have great potential for providing employment and economic development, as has been demonstrated by a number of international studies. However, cultural firms tend to be small and employment is precarious, with a high level of informality and freelance work. This study investigates the characteristics of micro-enterprises who sew bespoke garments for individual customers using a particular South African textile, called Shweshwe. Findings show that the informality of the businesses does not have a statistically significant impact on turnover, when controlling for other factors, such as the education level of the owner. This suggests that the informal business model may be a deliberate, rational choice for firm owners working in a project-based cultural sector, rather than a survivalist strategy of last resort. Employment creation is, however, greater for those micro-enterprises operating in the formal sector, suggesting that there may still be benefits to formality for some firms.

‘Grey zones’ within dependent employment: formal and informal forms of on-call work in Germany

This article aims to take stock of the various manifestations of on-call work in Germany. It is shown that formal on-call work is, by international standards, relatively strictly regulated in Germany, not least as the result of a 2019 reform of the law. Similar to other countries, however, other informal variants are used that lie outside the scope of the re-regulation or ‘normalisation’ of formal on-call work. Differentiated analyses based on survey data show that both formal and informal variants of on-call work are associated with disproportionately high levels of short part-time work, low pay and consequently with considerable risks of poverty. As a consequence, the ongoing debate on the erosion of the status of employee should not be too narrowly restricted to self-employed workers in the gig economy (Deliveroo, Uber) but should be extended to include the ‘grey zones’ in the area of dependent employment.Cet article vise à faire le point sur les différentes manifestations du travail à la demande en Allemagne. Il montre que le travail à la demande formel est, selon les normes internationales, réglementé assez strictement en Allemagne, grâce notamment à la réforme de la loi en 2019. Toutefois, comme dans d’autres pays, d’autres variantes informelles sont présentes et échappent au champ d’application de la re-réglementation ou de la “normalisation” du travail à la demande formel. Des analyses différenciées, basées sur des données d’enquête, montrent que les variantes formelles et informelles du travail à la demande sont associées à des niveaux proportionnellement trop importants de travail à temps partiel de courte durée, de faibles rémunérations et, par conséquent, à des risques considérables de pauvreté. Dès lors, le débat en cours sur l’érosion du statut de salarié ne devrait pas être strictement limité aux travailleurs indépendants de la gig economy - ou économie des petits boulots (Deliveroo, Uber), mais devrait être étendu aux “zones grises” présentes dans le domaine de l’emploi dépendant.Der vorliegende Artikel zielt auf eine Bestandsaufnahme der verschiedenen Erscheinungsformen von Abrufarbeit in Deutschland und zeigt, dass die formale Variante von Abrufarbeit hier im internationalen Vergleich relativ strikt reguliert ist, nicht zuletzt durch eine Gesetzesreform, die 2019 in Kraft trat. Ähnlich wie in anderen Ländern kommen jedoch andere informelle Varianten zum Einsatz, die außerhalb des Geltungsbereichs der Re-Regulierung oder ‘‘Normalisierung’’ der formellen Abrufarbeit liegen. Differenzierte Analysen auf der Grundlage von Umfragedaten zeigen, dass sowohl formelle als auch informelle Varianten von Abrufarbeit mit einem unverhältnismäßig hohen Anteil an kurzer Teilzeit, Niedriglöhnen und damit einem hohen Armutsrisiko assoziiert sind. Die gegenwärtige Debatte über die Erosion des Arbeitnehmerstatus sollte sich deshalb nicht zu eng auf die Solo-Selbständigen in der Gig-Ökonomie beschränken (Deliveroo, Uber), sondern auch die ‘‘Grauzonen’’ im Bereich der abhängigen Beschäftigung in den Blick nehmen.

Transfer Knowledge: Submit Artikel Pada Jurnal Online Berbasis OJS Untuk IPELMAS

The existence and quality of higher education nowadays can be influenced by the high and low levels of scientific work owned by lecturers and students. This scientific work becomes very important in the existence and quality of tertiary institutions because it's ranking at the national and international level is calculated on the ownership of the scientific work. So it is not surprising that BAN-PT as an external quality assurance institution which also has the task of assessing the accreditation of higher education also includes its assessment on this matter. Thus higher education that is technically operational at the study program level also pressures lecturers and students to be productive, which is to produce as much scientific work as possible. Even some lecturers provide requirements for students to write a scientific paper when they want to propose a thesis session. However, the number of scientific works owned by lecturers and students will not mean anything when not published in a journal that uses an open journal system. This emphasis lies in the open journal system, where the meaning will be far different from online journals. In general, not many students understand how to submit scientific papers in the form of articles to the open journal system there are still many lecturers who do not understand the process in the open journal system. For this reason, knowledge transfer in the form of technical training to submit articles in the online journal system is carried out. The main goal is to provide knowledge and insight into submitting articles. The results of the activity show the progress of understanding and knowledge, this is proven by simulations through the application of OJS version 2 which is used for the training process by the participants.

Return to Work and Sport Following Distal Triceps Repair

Objectives:Outcomes following distal triceps repair are important in order to properly counsel patients on expected postoperative function. Of particular interest are metrics regarding return to work and return to sport, including when return can be expected and at what intensity level. The purpose of this study is to establish important return to sport and work expectations for patients undergoing distal biceps repair.Methods:A prospectively maintained institutional database was retrospectively reviewed for all patients who underwent distal biceps repair since 2004 with minimum 2-year follow-up. A patient survey was conducted over phone with regard to preoperative and postoperative participation in sports, level of intensity, and maximum weight repetitions of barbell and dumbbell biceps curl, bench press, and consecutive push-ups. Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) and The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Score (QuickDASH) were collected preoperatively and at final follow up. T-tests and chi-squared analysis was used to examine continous and categorical outcome variables, respectively.Results:A total of 70 patients (41 male) were contacted for final follow-up information. Average age was 48.42 + 13.32 and average time from initial injury to surgical intervention was 3.12 + 2.88 months. 81% of the injuries involve lifting of heavy objects, and 27.7% occurred during sport. Ten percent (n=7) of patients returned to the operating room, most commonly for ulnar nerve repair. Return to work was achieved in 86.3% of patients, occurring at an average of 2.87 months. Heavy duty status workers returned at significantly later time points than sedentary or light duty status workers (5.35 vs. 1.21 months, p<0.01). 81.4% of patients returned to the same or higher level of work. Return to sport was achieved by 79.7% of patients at an average of 3.32 months. 73.9% of patients were either satisfied or very satisfied with their ability to work, and 68.6% were satisfied or very satisfied with their ability to play spots. All competitive athletes (n=11) returned to either the same or higher level of intensity following surgery.Conclusion:Surgical repair of a distal triceps injury results in reliable return to work and sport, with the majority of patients returning to the same physical intensity of work and the same intensity of sporting, respectively. Competitive athletes demonstrate particularly impressive results with heightened return to sport rates at the same or greater intensity level, suggesting motivation level may have a role in determining successful return to sport. Our data may be utilized to better inform the shared decision-making process between providers and patients when considering surgical intervention for distal triceps injuries.

Assessment of Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Characterizing Techniques in Their Ability to Quantify Amount of Cold Work in 316L Alloy

Abstract Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior is a matter of concern for structural materials, namely, stainless steels and nickel alloys, in nuclear power plants. High levels of cold work (CW) have shown to both reduce crack initiation times and increase crack growth rates. Cold working has numerous effects on a material, including changes in microstructure, mechanical properties, and residual stress state, yet it is typically reported as a simple percent change in geometry. There is need to develop a strategy for quantitative assessment of cold-work level in order to better understand stress corrosion cracking test data. Five assessment techniques, commonly performed alongside stress corrosion cracking testing (optical microscopy (OM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), X-ray diffraction (XRD), tensile testing, and hardness testing) are evaluated with respect to their ability to quantify the level of CW in a component. The test material is stainless steel 316L that has been cold-rolled to three conditions: 0%, 20%, and 30% CW. Measurement results for each assessment method include correlation with CW condition and repeatability data. Measured values showed significant spatial variation, illustrating that CW level is not uniform throughout a component. Mechanical properties (tensile testing, hardness) were found to correlate most linearly with the amount of imparted CW.

Foundation Kharkiv Medical-Mechanical Institute early twentieth century

One of the leading trauma centers and orthopedic medicine in Ukraine is the Institute of Spine and Joint them. prof. M. I. Sytenka Academy of Medical NAMS of Ukraine, which was founded at the beginning of the last century called Medical-Mechanical Institute (1907). The initiative of its foundation belongs representative business organization Southern economic region in Southern Russia Congress of Miners (Kharkiv city) and its head Nikolai Fedorovich von Ditmar. The purpose of article are the analysis of the creating process, the main activities and the targets of Medical-Mechanical Institute. The research methodology is based on the system of principles (scientism, objectivism and historicism) and the scientific methods. The use of general scientific (analytical, synthetic, systemic) and special-historical (historical-typological, historical-comparative, chronological) methods allowed to analyze the worldwide experience of these institutions founding, to select the features of the Medical-Mechanical Institute. Results. Due to the high level of traumatism mining and factory work before business corporation faced the task of ensuring workers' professional level treatment and determine the degree of disability. The Institute was organized on the model of similar health care institutions in Germany. Novelty of research. Article shows that the just a few years the Institute was equipped with everything needed to perform complex surgical and posttraumatic the first two years of maintaining mechanical Medical Congresses Miners Institute of Southern Russia spent over 100 000 rub.; annual maintenance of the Institute ranged from 40 thousand Russian money in the 1914–1915 biennium 80 000 rub. in 1912–1913. Led by this medical institution talented organizer and scientist Dr. Carl F. Wegner. It was highlighted that doctors Medical Institute mechanical maintained professional relationships with German and domestic medical institutions, fruitful and close cooperation established with the medical faculty of Kharkov University. Conclusions. Pretty soon Kharkov Medical and Mechanical Institute became a leading center of traumatology and implementation of entrepreneurs other social projects. Modern Institute of Spine and Joint them. prof. M. I. Sytenka is a worthy successor Academy of Medical Medical Mechanical Institute, health care, where honor the memory of its founders retain tradition and keep up to date with innovations.

Restoration scenario analysis of Hindon River in India using water quality model, WASP8

The river restoration scenario analysis was carried out using steady state US-EPA Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP8) for Hindon River in India which has been classified as Class ‘E’ by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Restoration scenarios for load reduction, flow augmentation, reaeration and dredging were generated after fairly calibrating and validating the model. The scenario analysis indicated that reductions in municipal waste load and reduction in sediment oxygen demand would significantly improve the water quality along the river. Flow augmentation scenario also seemed to improve the water quality to some extent however it does not fulfil the criteria set by CPCB for the propagation of wildlife and fisheries. However, it may prevent stagnation of water along the river stretch. Therefore, high levels of sewage treatment work are required to strengthen the restoration activities and render the water quality better.

Exploring the association between demographic and job satisfaction of employees working in civil aviation industry

Attraction and retention of employees is probably the biggest challenge in Civil Aviation Industry as it involves high level of emotional work. To win against this challenge organisations have been focusing on job satisfaction of employees. It has been found in literature that job satisfaction of employees is significantly related to personal, social, interpersonal and organisational factors. Present paper has been throwing light in same direction and has made an attempt to investigate the presence of any association between job satisfaction and demographic variables. Purpose of this paper is to examine the association between job satisfaction and nine demographic variables such as age, gender, marital status, education, sector, job profile, working hours, experience and gross monthly income. Data have been collected from 300 employees working in civil aviation industry at Amritsar and Delhi on different profiles. Chi-square test has been applied and findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between level of job satisfaction and six demographic variables such as gender, marital status, sector, job profile, working hours and experience of employee.

Restoration scenario analysis of Hindon River in India using water quality model, WASP8

The river restoration scenario analysis was carried out using steady state US-EPA Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP8) for Hindon River in India which has been classified as Class ‘E’ by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Restoration scenarios for load reduction, flow augmentation, reaeration and dredging were generated after fairly calibrating and validating the model. The scenario analysis indicated that reductions in municipal waste load and reduction in sediment oxygen demand would significantly improve the water quality along the river. Flow augmentation scenario also seemed to improve the water quality to some extent however it does not fulfil the criteria set by CPCB for the propagation of wildlife and fisheries. However, it may prevent stagnation of water along the river stretch. Therefore, high levels of sewage treatment work are required to strengthen the restoration activities and render the water quality better.

Ageism and perceived job sustainability: a comparative European analysis

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the association between experiencing ageism in the workplace and working conditions on perceived job sustainability among current workers aged 40 and over in Europe, within the context of positive and active ageing strategies and programmes.Design/methodology/approachData are from the 6th round of the European Working Conditions Survey (n=22,229), and the analytical sample contains adults aged 40 and older in 28 European Member States grouped by employment regime: social-democratic regime, corporatist regime, liberal regime, Southern European regime, post-socialist corporatist regime and post-socialist liberal regime. Perceived job sustainability estimated based on whether the respondent thinks (yes/no) that they can do their current job or similar role until the age of 60 or in next five years if the respondent is aged 56 and over. Experience of ageism in the workplace (yes/no) is self-reported. Generalised structural equation modelling was used to control for both individual- and organisational-level influences and to correct for potential endogeneity in estimating the impact of experienced ageism on perceived job sustainability. In addition, employment regimes are included in the model to investigate differences in this relationship by setting.FindingsAdults who have not experienced ageism are more likely to have positive perceptions of job sustainability, net of other factors and employment regime. Job sustainability is positively associated with age, being male, being in good health status and higher levels of work satisfaction.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation of this study is that data are cross-sectional, and time variant factors and individual fixed characteristics are excluded from the estimation. The results are influenced by the self-reported data about experienced ageism and evaluation of workplace environment, which may lead to potential endogeneity caused by unobservable personal characteristics such as personality type.Originality/valueAlthough the average reported prevalence of ageism in the workplace is 3.4 per cent across the 28 European Union Member States, this study shows that ageism imposes significant negative influence on current workers. This study has highlighted the interrelationship between ageism, workplace satisfaction and job sustainability in this comparative setting. Efforts to reduce ageism in the workplace are likely to lead to improved working conditions and job sustainability.

Being there with children: workplace, teacher body and a caring self

ABSTRACTBased on an in-depth, qualitative study of toddler teachers in the United States, this article examines relationships between the materiality and the social dimensions of a classroom space as teachers’ workplace that mutually construct everyday work and lends meaning to their professional identities as a caring self. Findings highlight the teachers’ body in the single portable as a specific site of early childhood practice that is grounded in the concept of presence. This article presents teachers’ commitment to a caring self as a legitimated form of capital that they mobilise, in their struggles for social recognition. This article also demonstrates that living a caring presence demands a high level of physical and emotional work that entails regulation of teachers’ bodies. Those demands are more intense when working in space that does not have a separate, private back-stage region where teachers have the opportunity to be offstage.

THE SLOVAK CITIZEN’S AND UNIVERSITY STUDENT’S PERSPECTIVE ON THE BENEFITS OF ROBOTIZATION

We live in a time which is determined by rapid technological development, increasing automation, creating electronic services and implementing robots. The current Fourth Industrial Revolution is not just about technology or business, it is also about society, the quality of life and the integration of new technologies where humans and robots interact. New technologies create space for job opportunities that will require specific kinds of skills. Today, computers and machines can do a high level of work involving routine and manual work, but they cannot replace some analytical, creative and, most importantly, social skills. An education and employment policy is needed to transform the trends and challenges of the digital economy. The aim of the contribution is point to the theoretical background of the digital transformation of society and define the level of robot skills acquisition. Moreover, it identifies the life situations and sectors where respondents from Slovakia would accept the presence of robots and the article compares data with a survey conducted by 168 students of Zilina university. The contribution also focuses attention on the approach to the relationship between human and the robot and the perceived benefits of using robots from the point of view of citizens.

Trends in the development of artificial intelligence technologies: the economic and legal aspect fo. 2)

The economic-legal analysis of the state and trends of the development of technologies of artificial intelligence (AI) has been carried out. The influence of AI on the development of society, eco­nomic effect, methods and the field of application, the state of developments in the world and Ukraine are analyzed. In the next decade, AI will become the main mar­ket trend and the best business tool. The contribution of intellectual technologies to global GDP is estimated at 15.7 trillion. dollars In the next 5-10 years, China will be the leader in the successful operation and adaptation of AI technologies. Ac­cording to analysts, the most benefit from AI technologies will be in the areas of fi­nancial services, retail and medicine.The scientific and inventive activity in the sphere of AI, the role of protection of in­tellectual property (patent and copyright), and the maintenance of the balance of com­peting interests are researched. Recently, the number of inventions based on AI has sharply increased. The leaders in the number of such inventions are American compa­nies IBM and Microsoft. This growth is due to the fact that in recent years AI has evolved from the theoretical concept into a real product that gains the world market. Since the advent of AI in the 50’s of the last century, inventors and researchers have applied for almost 340 thousand inventions based on AI (as of the end of 2016) and published more than 1.6 million scientific articles. The transport sector, including au­tonomous vehicles, is one of the sectors with the highest rates of growth in the appli­cation of AI. China has become a global leader in increasing the number of patents in the AI sphere over the past five years.By the number of companies working in the sphere of AI, Ukraine is among the three leaders among the countries of Eastern Europe. There are 57 AI companies in Ukraine and it has 11 investorsGeneralized practice of state regulation of activity in the sphere of AI in indus­trialized countries and EU countries. More and more countries are developing na­tional AI strategies. Thus, 17 countries, including Canada, China, Denmark, France, India, South Korea and Taiwan, have already announced their AI strate­gies. Some of them invest billions of dollars in this area. China, for example, has invested more than $ 10 billion in this technological trend, followed by South Korea — $ 2 billion and France — $ 1.5 billion. Governmental structures from dif­ferent countries are concerned about the need to develop relevant national strate­gies, programs and regulation of AI legislative level. Identified existing problems and suggested ways to solve them. Problems constraining the development of AI in Ukraine: the absence of a strategy for the development of AI, the domestic infra­structure for its work and the weakness of the business about existing fundamen­tal scientific developments in the field of AI, insufficient for the implementation of AI level of digitalization of companies, the lack of a high level of data work, and is also a misunderstanding of the implementation guidance in the AI company.

One-year trajectories of mental health and work outcomes post return to work in patients with common mental disorders

BackgroundWe investigated one-year trajectories of symptom recovery, work functioning and the return to work percentage (RTW%) among patients with common mental disorders (CMDs). MethodsData were used from a cluster-randomised controlled trial evaluating a problem-solving intervention for CMD patients (N = 158) who had returned to work. Information on anxiety and depressive symptoms, work functioning and RTW% was collected at baseline and 3, 6 and 12 months follow-up. Latent class growth analyses were used to identify trajectories for the four outcomes and investigate how these trajectories clustered in higher order latent classes. Additionally, we investigated the relation between patient characteristics and class membership. ResultsWe identified four trajectories for all four outcomes and derived three higher order latent classes: slow recovery (42% [66/158]) (high anxiety and depressive symptoms, moderate to low work functioning and fast RTW); fast recovery (25% [40/158]) (low anxiety and depressive symptoms, high work functioning and fast RTW); and gradual recovery (33% [52/158] (decreasing anxiety and depressive symptoms, increasing or low work functioning and fast RTW). Participants with a higher work engagement and readiness to stay at work were more likely to belong to the fast recovery class. LimitationsDue to the relatively small sample size, some trajectories consisted of few participants. Symptom severity was self-reported. ConclusionsMany CMD patients experience high levels of mental health symptoms and work functioning problems during the year post RTW. Creating realistic recovery expectations (for both patients and their environments) could be important for successful and sustainable recovery and work participation.

Return to Work and Sport After Distal Biceps Repair

Objectives: Outcomes following distal biceps repair are important to establish in order to properly counsel patients on expected postoperative function. Of particular interest are metrics regarding return to work and return to sport, including when return can be expected and at what intensity level. The purpose of this study is to establish important return to sport and work expectations for patients undergoing distal biceps repair. Methods: A prospectively maintained institutional database was retrospectively reviewed for all patients who underwent distal biceps repair since 2005 with minimum 24-month follow-up. A patient survey was conducted over phone with regard to preoperative and postoperative participation in sports, level of intensity, and maximum weight repetitions of barbell and dumbbell biceps curl, bench press, and consecutive push-ups. Results: A total of 49 patients (23 male) were contacted for final follow-up information. Average age was 54.38 + 13.49 and average time from initial injury to surgical intervention was 4.05 + 3.85 months. The dominant side was affected in 63.27% of cases. 32.65% of the injuries involve lifting of heavy objects, and 24.49% occurred during sport. Return to work was achieved in 85.71% of patients, occurring at an average of 1.41 months. Moderate and heavy duty status workers significantly differed from light and sedentary duty status patients in regard to average months to return to work (3.68 months vs. 0.53 months, P&lt;0.001). 73.25% patients returned to the same or higher level of work. Return to sport was achieved by 89.80% of patients, and 44.89% returned to the same or higher intensity of sport. One-repetition maximum (ORM) an average of 15 pounds for barbell bench press and 27.5 pounds for dumbbell curls on the affected arm. Maximum consecutive pushups decreased by an average of 11.66. Time from injury to surgical intervention was found to be significantly associated with decreased push-up counts (P=0.019) and decreased days participating in sports per week (P=0.014) postoperatively. Conclusion: After surgical repair of distal biceps rupture, the majority of patients are able to return to work and sport. Those that work moderate and heavy duty status jobs tend to return at later dates, and patients with longer times to surgical invention have worse functional outcomes with respect to push-ups and frequency of sporting activities. These expected outcomes should be shared with patients to aid in decision making and communicate postsurgical expectations.