High Levels Of Vitamin Research Articles

EFFECT OF VITAMIN D3 ON HEMATOLOGIC INDICES AND RESISTANCE OF LAYING HENS

The content of vitamin D3 in standard fodder for laying hens varies within 2,5-3,500 IU / kg. It is known that vitamin D is involved in bone metabolism and regulates calcium homeostasis in the body. Experiment was carried out in three groups of laying hens of the crossbreed Hayesks brown, which for 30 days fed fodder, the content of vitamin D3 in which was respectively 2,5; 5,0 and 10,0 thousand IU / kg. An increase in the content of vitamin D3 from 2.5 to 10.0 thousand IU / kg increased the concentration of 25-OH D3 in blood plasma by half (from 15.10 to 27.25 ng / ml). The dose of 5.0 ths. IU / kg did not affect the concentration of 25-OH D3 (16.56 ng / ml). Increased vitamin D in the diet increased the number of red blood cell and, consequently, hemoglobin concentration in the blood (p <0.05) and decreased the number of white blood cell (p <0.05-0.01). In the blood of chickens that received high levels of vitamin D in the diet, more monocytes and neutrophils were detected. Particularly significant effects were observed for monocytes, the proportion of which in the blood of laying hens in group 2 increased by 1.2; and in laying hens of the third group - 1.6 times (p <0.01), compared to the laying hens of the 1st group. With an increase in the amount of vitamin D3 in the diet of leucocytes, the proportion of lymphocytes decreased, the content of which in laying hens of 1-, 2- and 3rd groups was 58.95, respectively; 54.57 and 48.26%. Under the influence of feeding 10.0 thousand IU / kg of vitamin D3 in the blood of hens, the phagocytic activity increased (p <0.05), which is consistent with the increase in the number of monocytes and neutrophils. The bactericidal activity of blood serum of laying hens of groups 2 and 3 (5.0 and 10.0 ths. IU / kg D3) was 20% higher (p <0.05) than in laying hens of group 1 (2, 5 thousand IU / kg D3). Thus, an increase in the diet of laying hens in vitamin D3 increases the innate imunity and does not stimulate a specific link.

Evaluation of nutritional and physicochemical characteristics of soy yogurt by Lactobacillus plantarum KU985432 and Saccharomyces boulardii CNCMI-745

Nutritional yeast-produced soy yogurt has grown in demand, because of its unique nutritional and health benefits. It has low cholesterol, no lactose, and high levels of protein, probiotic yeast, vitamins, and minerals. In this work, Soymilk (12.5%) was prepared and fermented to produce soy yogurt. Growth curves, probiotic characteristics of Saccharomyces boulardii CNCMI-745 and Lactobacillus plantarum KU985432 were determined. The nutritional value of both yogurts was evaluated, including viable cell count, protein, vitamin B-complex, sugars, phenolic acids, and fatty acids, mineral content, stability, and storage. Analysis of the physicochemical composition of the yogurts included assessment of titratable acidity, antioxidant potential, viscosity, and moisture content. The probiotic viable count of the produced yogurts met the standards for commercial yogurts. S. boulardii CNCMI-745 displayed safety characteristics and high tolerance to heat, acid, and alkaline stress. The produced B vitamins increased in both yogurts. The total saturated fatty acids in Saccharomyces-yogurt decreased, while the unsaturated fatty acids increased. Saccharomyces-yogurt showed high antioxidant activity, phenolic acids, and crude protein content. Both yogurts demonstrated the same tendency for stability during 16 day-storage. In conclusion, using nutritional yeast in the production of soy yogurt increased its nutritional content more than probiotic lactic acid bacteria.

Effects of Infrared and Microwave Radiation on the Bioactive Compounds of Microalga Spirulina platensis after Continuous and Intermittent Drying.

Pharmaceutical, nutritional and food industries have recently become interested in the potential of Spirulina platensis, a kind of cyanobacterium with high levels of proteins, vitamins and bioactive compounds. Because of its high moisture, this microalga needs to be submitted to a preservation technique such as drying to be properly used. The aim of this work is to investigate the use of infrared and microwave radiation in the Spirulina platensis drying process. The experiments were performed in continuous and intermittent modes, evaluating different operating conditions for infrared and microwave drying, as well as their effects on the quality of the final product, expressed by the content of bioactive compounds (i.e., total phenolic, total flavonoid, citric acid and phycocyanin contents). The results proved that the use of electromagnetic radiation in the drying of spirulina is an interesting alternative for processing this material if performed under adequate operating conditions. The experiments carried out continuously at lower temperatures and powers and the combination between different temperatures and powers in the intermittent mode resulted in a final product with satisfactory levels of bioactive compounds and low operation times in comparison with conventional methodologies.

Bioactive Compounds and Health-Promoting Properties of Elephant Apple (Dillenia indica L.): A Comprehensive Review.

Elephant apple (Dillenia indica L.) grows wild in Southeast Asia's forests, including in China, India, Nepal, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. Elephant apples are considered essential fruit crops because of their high nutritional value, which includes high levels of vitamin C, carbohydrates, fats, fibre, protein, minerals, and fatty acids. It is important to understand the nutritional value and health benefits of elephant apples in order to increase fruit intake in people's daily diets. The present review paper focuses on elephant apple's phytochemistry, bioactive compounds, therapeutic value, and medicinal capabilities for designing and developing a wide range of food formulations. Proteins, minerals, fats, crude fibre, carbohydrates, vitamin C, tannins, malic acid, and glucose are abundant in the leaves, bark, and fruit of the elephant apple. In addition to nutritional components, many phytochemicals found in elephant apples have been identified as bioactive compounds with a broad range of biological activities, the most prominent of which are antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Overall, elephant apple is a rich, natural source of bioactive compounds with potential applications in the production of value-added foods and nutraceuticals for disease prevention and management.

The effects of seaweed oligosaccharides on humanity

Seaweed oligosaccharides are complex carbohydrates derived from various types of seaweed. They are widely studied due to their numerous potential health benefits for humans. There are several reasons why studying seaweed oligosaccharides is important. Firstly, seaweed is a renewable and sustainable resource, and it can be harvested without damaging the environment. Additionally, seaweed contains high health value and high levels of minerals, vitamins, and other bioactive compounds, which makes it a valuable source of nutrition. They can also help to modulate the immune system, improve gut health, and lower cholesterol levels. Research suggests that seaweed oligosaccharides may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of various diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, and cancer. They have also been discovered to have a number of applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. In conclusion, studying seaweed oligosaccharides is important because they offer numerous potential health benefits for humans and have a wide range of applications in various industries.

Structure Formation in Tailor‐Made Buriti Oil Emulsion During Simulated Digestion

AbstractFunctional food emulsions enriched in health‐promoting nutrients can help to maintain and improve health and lifestyle. The oil extracted from the Amazonian buriti fruit is renowned for its high levels of carotenoid, vitamin E, and unsaturated fatty acids, which have been linked to improvements in cardiometabolic health. Here, buriti oil in water emulsions are developed and their colloidal transformations are investigated in an advanced digestion model with oral, gastric, and intestinal parts with in situ synchrotron small‐angle X‐ray scattering, cryogenic electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering under simulated “healthy” and “compromised” digestive conditions. The interior oil phase of whey‐stabilized buriti oil‐in‐water emulsion transforms into highly ordered lyotropic liquid crystalline structures during simulated intestinal digestion at compromised bile conditions. Simulated gastric digestion influences intestinal digestion by slowing it down, resulting in less ordered structures. The digestion‐triggered structure formation is pH‐ and bile salt‐dependent and can be modulated by adding vitamin E to the oil. This tailoring of structures during digestion offers a new pathway to steer digestion kinetics and nutrient bioavailability.

Effects of fodder tree leave supplementation for basal rice straw diet on rumen ammonia, pH, and degradation characteristics in sheep

Fodder tree leaves (FTLs) contain high levels of protein, vitamins, and minerals that play a major role in enhancing roughage intake by ruminants, thus improving low-quality roughage utilization. The study sought to measure the rumen degradation characteristics, pH, and ammonia N concentration of sheep fed rice straw (RS) and supplemented with FTLs. Four forest-type rumen-fistulated rams of an average weight of 19.0±1.2 kg were randomly assigned to one of four treatments in a 4 × 4 Latin Square design. Treatment diets consisted of urea-ammoniated straw (UAS; control), RS+100% Leucaena leucocephala (L), RS+100% Samanea saman (S), and RS+50% L+50% S (LS). Data obtained were subjected to the Glimmix procedure of SAS (2016) and significant means were separated using Tukey’s test at (P<0.05). Treatments differed significantly (P<0.001) in the quantity of readily soluble materials (a), rate of degradation (c), and a potentially degradable fraction (P) with LS recording the highest a, c, and P among the treatments. Ruminal pH and ammonia concentrations differed significantly (P<0.0001) among the treatments. Overall mean rumen pH values obtained ranged from 6.44 in UAS to 6.72 in the S-supplemented diet whereas mean rumen ammonia values ranged from 4.59 mg/100 ml in sheep fed UAS diet to 9.15 mg/L in sheep fed L diet. The pH values obtained imply that the experimental diets could improve rumen fermentation and, hence, serve as good sources of feed for ruminants. The rumen DM degradation values indicated that sufficient amounts of DM would be degraded over a period of time, thus releasing substantial quantities into the small intestines for digestion to provide essential nutrients needed for better animal performance. The rumen ammonia values obtained were higher than the minimum values recommended for optimal microbial activity for animals fed lignocellulosic materials. This indicated that such FTLs could be utilized for moderate animal performance, especially during the dry seasons when natural pastures are qualitatively and quantitatively poor.

Unprecedentedly High Level of Intracellular Vitamin C and DNA Epigenetic Marks in Prostate: Relevant for Male Fertility?

Seminal plasma composition is affected by the physiological state of the prostate, the major male reproductive gland. Semen components, like vitamin C, can modulate sperm function. Vitamin C is an effective scavenger of free radicals and is an essential component of enzymes such as TET proteins involved in the DNA demethylation process. In the present study, a broad range of parameters which may influence the metabolic state of the prostate gland were analysed including blood and prostate tissue vitamin C, epigenetic DNA modifications and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine in DNA of leukocytes and prostate tissues. The experimental material were tissue samples from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), normal/marginal prostate tissues from prostate cancer patients, leukocytes from healthy donors, and blood plasma from BPH patients and healthy donors. We applied ultra-performance liquid chromatography methods with mass spectrometry and/or UV detection. We found an unprecedentedly high level of intracellular vitamin C in all analysed prostatic tissues (benign prostatic hyperplasia and normal, marginal ones), a value much higher than in leukocytes and most human tissues. DNA epigenetic patterns in prostate cells are similar to other soft tissues like the colon, however, its uniqueness is the unprecedentedly high level of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2'-deoxyuridine and a significant increase in 5-formyl-2'-deoxycytidine value compared to aforementioned tissues. Moreover, the level of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine, an established marker of oxidative stress, is significantly higher in prostate tissues than in leukocytes and many previously studied soft tissues. Our results pointed out that prostatic vitamin C (regarded as the main supplier of the vitamin C to seminal plasma) and the DNA modifications (which may be linked to the regeneration of prostate epithelium) may play important role to maintain the prostate health.

Drone Larvae Homogenate (Apilarnil) as Natural Remedy: Scientific Review

For centuries, honey bee products such as honey, bee pollen, royal jelly, bee bread (perga), and bee venom have been utilized in natural medicine due to their beneficial properties. A great deal of scientific research has been dedicated to exploring their physico-chemical properties and therapeutic effects. Despite this, drone larvae have not received as much attention from the scientific community. Within a honey bee colony, drones are responsible solely for fertilizing queen bee eggs and consuming food reserves collected by worker honey bees. As a result, beekeepers commonly remove excess drone brood from the hive, which is crucial for preventing and treating varroasis. Lyophilization is the most effective method for preserving drone larvae, and the physicochemical properties of fresh and lyophilized drone larvae were compared. The therapeutic effects of drone larvae, such as androgenic, hepatoprotective, immunostimulatory, and hypolipidemic effects in humans and experimental animals, were summarized. This study aims to summarize current scientific knowledge on drone larvae (apilarnil). The author utilized well-known publication databases like SCOPUS, Google Scholar, and Pub Med to gather research on drone larvae. Furthermore, this review collected information on the chemical composition preservation and bioactive action of drone larvae. Thanks to their high levels of amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and hormones, drone larvae can be considered a potential potency-raising agent.

Reactions of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn) Genotypes for Blast Resistance and Yield in Wukari and Takum Taraba State, Nigeria

Finger millet contains high level of methionine, tryptophan, vitamin B, fibre and minerals such as phosphorus, iron, calcium, which serve a good source of balance diet formulations for hypertension, obesity, diabetic patients, pregnant women, nursing mothers, children, people leaving with HIV, malnourished people, incidence of iron deficiency (anemia), and calcium deficiency causing rickets in young children. Production constraints responsible for the low yields have been identified as pests, blast and Striga, drought, low soil fertility, labor intensity, high weed infestation, low yielding varieties, lodging, and poor attitude to the crop. Finger millet blast about 50% yield losses. This disease has been identified as the highest priority constraint to finger millet production in Nigeria, since most landraces and a number of other genotypes are highly susceptible. Field trials were conducted on 22 germplasm (U 15, P224, ACC 32, ACC14, KNE814, IE 3779, KNE 628, KNE 688, KNE 1149, Etiyo Brown, Gulu E, Kala, RW 127(IE 6613), KNE 392, GBK 029681, ACC 3953, GBK 011136A, KNE 689, KNE 1034, Emiroit, Red local check and Black local check) from ICRISAT and farmers in 3 replicates at Wukari and Takum in 2019, to assess for blast disease resistance and yield. A significant negative correlation (0.52) was found between blast severity and DF (days to flowering) suggesting that late/medium flowering varieties are more resistant than the early ones as indicated by genotypes KNE814, IE 3779, KNE 628, KNE 688, KNE 1149, Gulu E,, KNE 392, GBK 029681, ACC 3953, GBK 011136A, KNE 689, KNE 1034, Emiroit and Red (local check) varieties, which were medium maturing and highly resistance to blast disease, with foliar blast severity (1.07 - 3.0), neck blast (1.5 - 2.5) and finger blast (11 - 25 %), NET (3.45 - 4.38), NFPH (5.80) and subsequently highest yield (1565 - 1887 kg/ha), compared to black local variety with the highest foliar blast severity (4.00 - 6.70), neck blast (2.7 - 4.40), finger blast (32 - 36 %), NET (2.50 - 2.70), NFPH (3.30 - 4.70) and lowest yield (688 - 989 kg/ha), respectively in Wukari and Takum locations. Hence, these varieties resistant to foliar, neck, finger blast diseases, good yield parameters are recommended as sources of germplasm for genetic improvement and further research.

Reactions of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn) Genotypes for Blast Resistance and Yield in Wukari and Takum Taraba State, Nigeria

Finger millet contains high level of methionine, tryptophan, vitamin B, fibre and minerals such as phosphorus, iron, calcium, which serve a good source of balance diet formulations for hypertension, obesity, diabetic patients, pregnant women, nursing mothers, children, people leaving with HIV, malnourished people, incidence of iron deficiency (anemia), and calcium deficiency causing rickets in young children. Production constraints responsible for the low yields have been identified as pests, blast and Striga, drought, low soil fertility, labor intensity, high weed infestation, low yielding varieties, lodging, and poor attitude to the crop. Finger millet blast about 50% yield losses. This disease has been identified as the highest priority constraint to finger millet production in Nigeria, since most landraces and a number of other genotypes are highly susceptible. Field trials were conducted on 22 germplasm (U 15, P224, ACC 32, ACC14, KNE814, IE 3779, KNE 628, KNE 688, KNE 1149, Etiyo Brown, Gulu E, Kala, RW 127(IE 6613), KNE 392, GBK 029681, ACC 3953, GBK 011136A, KNE 689, KNE 1034, Emiroit, Red local check and Black local check) from ICRISAT and farmers in 3 replicates at Wukari and Takum in 2019, to assess for blast disease resistance and yield. A significant negative correlation (0.52) was found between blast severity and DF (days to flowering) suggesting that late/medium flowering varieties are more resistant than the early ones as indicated by genotypes KNE814, IE 3779, KNE 628, KNE 688, KNE 1149, Gulu E,, KNE 392, GBK 029681, ACC 3953, GBK 011136A, KNE 689, KNE 1034, Emiroit and Red (local check) varieties, which were medium maturing and highly resistance to blast disease, with foliar blast severity (1.07 - 3.0), neck blast (1.5 - 2.5) and finger blast (11 - 25 %), NET (3.45 - 4.38), NFPH (5.80) and subsequently highest yield (1565 - 1887 kg/ha), compared to black local variety with the highest foliar blast severity (4.00 - 6.70), neck blast (2.7 - 4.40), finger blast (32 - 36 %), NET (2.50 - 2.70), NFPH (3.30 - 4.70) and lowest yield (688 - 989 kg/ha), respectively in Wukari and Takum locations. Hence, these varieties resistant to foliar, neck, finger blast diseases, good yield parameters are recommended as sources of germplasm for genetic improvement and further research.

Assessment of Vitamin Composition of Ethanol Leaf and Seed Extracts of Datura Stramonium

Background: Herbs have gained recognition as highly efficient tools in the treatment and management of diseases both in modern and traditional medicine. Datura stramonium is a good example of such a medicinal herb. D. stramonium is popularly called thorn apple or Jimson weed in the family of Solanaceae. It has both toxic as well as medicinal potentials. D. stramonium leaves, seeds, and stems have been extensively studied for various pharmacological properties. D. stramonium seed is among the top plants commonly abused as a drug by Nigerian youths. Chemical constituents are responsible for the medicinal potential of plants. Objectives: This study was planned to investigate and compare the vitamin contents of ethanol extract of D. stramonium leaf and seed. Methods: The determination of vitamin levels was carried out using the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) and other standard methods. Results: The order of vitamin composition in both leaves and seeds was E>C>A>B6>B9>B12>B2>B1>B3 . Moreover, the concentration of vitamins E, C, and A, being the most abundant, was 6.65:1.64 mg/100 g, 3.65:1.05 mg/100 g, 2.38:1.82 mg/100 g, for leaf and seed extracts, respectively. Further, there were significant differences (P<0.05) in the contents of vitamins A, C, E, and B2 of the leaves and seeds, with the leaves having higher vitamin levels than the seed. Conclusion: The number of vitamins present in the samples may be responsible for the highly nutritious and medicinal properties of D. stramonium. From the results of this study, it is obvious that D. stramonium leaves and seeds can serve as good nutritional supplements, which may also provide the users with adequate nutrients that help with the management of various health challenges. However, further studies are required to ascertain appropriate doses that could lead to toxicity.

Nutritional Analysis of Aqueous Extract of Snake Fruit Seeds (Salacca Edulis Reinw) for Development of Anemia Treatment

Anemia remains a global nutritional problem, which prevalence continues to increase every year. Children, female adolescents, and pregnant women are more susceptible to anemia than other age groups. Prolonged anemia has negative impacts on their life such as premature birth, low birth weight (LBW) babies and intrauterine fetal death. Snake fruit Pondoh (Salacca edulis Reinw) is an original Indonesian fruit, which is well cultivated at the Sleman regency, Yogyakarta. Snake fruit seeds contribute to 25-30% of the total fruit, which has not been established their health effect. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the nutritional content of aqueous extract of snake fruit seeds (AES). The powder of snake fruit seeds was made using a previous method, which was adopted from our research group. The powder was then extracted using hot aqueous with 65°C. A proximate analysis was used to determine the AES nutritional content. A hundred g AES contained 21.92% water, 41.10% carbohydrates, 12.66% protein, 4.51% fat, 0.62% tannins, 32.8 mg Iron, 10.25 mg zinc, 276.42 mg magnesium, and 495.48 mg vitamin C. In conclusion, the AES has complete macronutrients and contains high levels of Iron, Magnesium, and vitamin C, which becomes a potential nutraceutical for anemia treatment. Further research is required to confirm the beneficial effect of AES administration in female rats with anemia.

The effects of chitosan‐TiO2 and chitosan‐TiO2‐ZnO‐MgO hybrid coatings on the shelf life of jackfruit bulbs (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam)

SummaryThis study evaluated the effect of chitosan hybrid coatings on the shelf life and quality of jackfruit bulbs. The treatments include control bulbs, bulbs with the chitosan coating (CS bulbs), bulbs with the chitosan‐TiO2 hybrid coating (CSTiO2 bulbs) and bulbs with the chitosan‐TiO2‐ZnO‐MgO hybrid coating (CSTZM bulbs). Bulbs were stored at 4 °C. Shelf life of control, CS, CSTiO2 and CSTZM bulbs were 4, 10, 13 and 15 days, respectively. The CSTZM bulbs exhibited < 1% weight loss, a decrease in the pattern of respiration, the highest levels of vitamin C (28.27 mg/100 g), carotenoids (10868.91 μg/100 g), phenolic compounds (31.31 mg/100 g) and antioxidant capacity (283.49–444.36 mmol/100 g). According to the Artemia salina test, all coatings were non‐toxic. In conclusion, the chitosan‐TiO2‐ZnO‐MgO hybrid coating was the best alternative to extend the shelf‐life of fresh‐cut jackfruit.

The determination of vitamin C in guava (Myrtaceae species) using spectrophotometric approach

Vitamin C is one of the essential vitamins for body health. However, vitamin C cannot be produced by the body itself. Thus, to fulfill the vitamin C requirement, it can be obtained by consuming fruits and vegetables. The purpose of this study was to find out and analyze the levels of vitamin C in guava (Psidium guajava L.), crystal guava (Psidium guajava (L.) Merr.), and water guava (Syzygium aquenum). This study used UV-Vis spectrophotometry to analyze the vitamin C content. The results of vitamin C levels in samples such as red guava, crystal guava, and water guava were 21.16 mg/5 g ± 0.005, 20.79 mg/5 g ± 0.029, and 19.16 mg/5 g ± 0.089, respectively. Based on these outcomes, it can be concluded that high levels of vitamin C can be acquired in red guava (Psidium guajava L.)

GAMBARAN KADAR VITAMIN C PADA MINUMAN SARI LEMON (Citrus Limon) DENGAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV – Vis DI KOTA SAMARINDA

Lemon (Citrus limon L.) is more popular in the culinary industry because it has a fresh citrus aroma and parts used with juice. Some of the benefits of lemon can be used as a garnish for food and drinks. One example of a drink made from lemons is lemon juice. The level of vitamin C that the body needs is only around 90 mg, while one lemon (Citrus limon L.) contains 60-100 mg of vitamin C, so one lemon (Citrus limon L.) can meet the body's vitamin C needs (Kristanto, 2013). The purpose of this study was to describe the levels of vitamin C in lemon juice (Citrus limon L.) using UV-Vis spectrophotometry method in Samarinda City. The type of research conducted was descriptive research with random sampling technique. In this study there were 20 samples taken from different traders. The maximum wavelength in the study was 265 nm. The linear regression equation obtained is y=0,0621001x + 0,0132047. The lowest vitamin C levels were found in sample G, which was 18.30 mg/ml and samples with the highest levels of vitamin C were found in sample Q, which was 98.00 mg/ml. There is only 1 (5%) sample that meets the daily intake of vitamin C, namely the Q code sample.

Enrichment of Baked Goods From Wheat Flour of the Highest Grade With Coffee Husks

This article presents a variant of the manufacture of dietary and preventive baked goods enriched with dietary fiber by adding coffee husks, a by-product of coffee production, to the recipe. In the course of the work, the influence of various volumes of introduced raw materials, in the amount of 3 and 6% of the total mass of flour, on the physicochemical and organoleptic quality indicators of the finished product was studied, a comparative analysis of the obtained bread samples was carried out, and the optimal dosage of coffee shells that did not reduce quality properties of baked goods. Thanks to this method of preparation, it becomes possible to create a product not only rich in fiber, but also with a valuable chemical composition, with a high level of potassium and vitamins. Such bread will be an excellent addition not only to the daily diet, but also to the menu of dietary nutrition necessary for a group of various diseases, ranging from metabolic disorders and obesity to cardiovascular pathologies, as it will close the body’s daily need for dietary fiber. In addition, it should be noted that the problem of environmental pollution with coffee production waste is acute for society. As a rule, secondary raw materials obtained during the processing of coffee are subjected to recycling or incineration. The method of recycling coffee shells proposed in the article allows not only to obtain a new healthy food product and expand the existing range of baked goods, but also significantly reduce the amount of waste remaining from the coffee bean processing process, which also entails financial benefits.

Benefits and Risks of Sun Exposure to Maintain Adequate Vitamin D Levels.

Vitamin D is a hormone that can be generated in the skin upon ultraviolet light exposure or ingested through supplementation. Vitamin D deficiency may have numerous deleterious effects on health. Sun avoidance strategies should be avoided due to the unwanted health risks associated with hypovitaminosis D. We present an objective investigation of the benefits and risks of using sun exposure to increase vitamin D levels and how it impacts human health. A review of the literature was conducted using Embase and PubMed to examine the relationship between UV exposure, vitamin D levels, health benefits, and risks. UV exposure is the primary method of boosting serum vitamin D levels, which accounts for numerous health benefits. Higher levels of vitamin D are associated with protection against cancer development, including melanoma. Latitude, season, skin color, and sun protection determine UV absorption and vitamin D production. Public health sun protection guidelines decrease the incidence of skin cancer, but sun avoidance can cause hypovitaminosis D. Serum vitamin D levels less than 16 nmol/L increase morbidity through increased non-cutaneous disease. Sun protection strategies should still be implemented to reduce skin cancer, and sunscreen only minimally lowers vitamin D production.Vitamin D deficiency can increase chronic diseases and cancer, while adequate vitamin D levels can help prevent them. UV exposure and vitamin D production are dependent on many factors. Increasing UV exposure without causing sunburn maximizes vitamin D production.

Oil extraction of purple passion fruit seeds grown in Vietnam

Passiflora edulis (Passiflora), commonly known as purple passion fruit, possess a high level of vitamins, dietary fibers, phenolic compounds, δ-and γ-tocopherols and healthy fatty acids which exhibit various biological activities. Hydraulic pressing is a common seed oil extraction method at industrial scale in many developing countries. In this study, extraction from P. edulis seed oil cultivated in Vietnam has been performed using hydraulic press method and the physiochemical properties of the obtained oil was investigated. Subsequently, the antioxidant activity of the oil was examined using DPPH assay. Results have shown that applying a pressure of 180 kg/cm2 in 25 min without grinding and drying the seeds would produce high oil yield (107.8 mL/kg of dry seed). The extracted seed oil possessed suitable physiochemical characteristics for edible oil and exhibited relatively high antioxidant activity. These results revealed the promising application of P. edulis seed oil in pharmaceutical industry.

Modifiable Risk Factors of COVID-19 in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Single-Centre Case-Control Study (P2-5.028)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To assess risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection among patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). <h3>Background:</h3> Disease- and treatment-associated immune system abnormalities may confer a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection to PwMS. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> Among patients referring to the MS Center of IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, we retrospectively collected epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data of PwMS who got a confirmed COVID-19 infection between March 2020 and March 2021 (MS-COVID, n=149). Afterwards, we pursued a 1:2 matching of a control group by collecting data of PwMS without a history suggestive of previous COVID-19 infection (MS-NCOVID, n=292). MS-COVID and MS-NCOVID patients were matched for age, EDSS, and line of treatment. All participants were not vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 at the time of the evaluation. We compared neurological examination, premorbid vitamin D levels, anthropometric variables such as BMI, life-style habits (smoke), working-activity, and living environment (number of cohabitants) between the two groups. COVID-19 severity was evaluated in terms of typical symptoms, fever, radiological pneumonia, and hospitalization. Logistic regression and Bayesian network analyses were used to evaluate the association with the development of COVID-19. <h3>Results:</h3> Higher levels of vitamin D (OR=0.94, p&lt;0.001, adjusted p&lt;0.001) and positive smoking status (OR=0.49, p&lt;0.001, adjusted p&lt;0.001) emerged as protective factors against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In contrast, higher number of cohabitants (OR=1.36, p&lt;0.001, adjusted p&lt;0.001) and works requiring direct external contact (OR=2.34, p&lt;0.001, adjusted p=0.004) or in the healthcare sector (OR=3.55, p&lt;0.001, adjusted p=0.004) resulted risk factors for COVID-19 disease. Bayesian network analysis showed that patients working in the healthcare sector, and therefore exposed to increased risk of COVID-19, were usually non-smokers, possibly explaining the protective association between active smoking and COVID-19. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> This case-control study underlines the importance of constant monitoring and supplementation of Vitamin D in PwMS. In the case of pandemic conditions, teleworking may prevent unnecessary risk of infection in these patients. <b>Disclosure:</b> Mr. Montini has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nozzolillo has nothing to disclose. Paola MV Rancoita has nothing to disclose. Chiara Zanetta has nothing to disclose. Dr. Moiola has nothing to disclose. Federica Esposito has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving as a Consultant for Merck. Federica Esposito has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Novartis. Federica Esposito has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving as a Consultant for Novartis. Federica Esposito has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Novartis. Federica Esposito has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Merck. The institution of Federica Esposito has received research support from Italian MS Society. The institution of Federica Esposito has received research support from Italian Ministry of Health. The institution of Federica Esposito has received research support from ERA Net. The institution of Federica Esposito has received research support from European Commission. Federica Esposito has received intellectual property interests from a discovery or technology relating to health care. Dr. Cugnata has nothing to disclose. Maria Assunta Rocca has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Bayer, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Genzyme, Merck Serono, Novartis, Roche, and Teva. The institution of Maria Assunta Rocca has received research support from Italian Ministry of Health, MS Society of Canada and Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla. Dr. Filippi has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Bayer, Biogen Idec, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi Genzyme, Takeda, and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries. Dr. Filippi has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Bayer, Biogen Idec, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi Genzyme, Takeda, and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries. Dr. Filippi has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as an Editor, Associate Editor, or Editorial Advisory Board Member for Springer Nature. The institution of Dr. Filippi has received research support from Biogen Idec, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Italian Ministry of Health, Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla, and ARiSLA (Fondazione Italiana di Ricerca per la SLA). Dr. Martinelli has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Novartis, Biogen, Sanofi Genzyme, TEVA and Merck. Dr. Martinelli has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Merck .