Higher Levels Of Physical Activity Research Articles

All-Inside Arthroscopic and Open Techniques of the Modified Broström Procedure for the Treatment of Lateral Ankle Instability: Comparison of the Times to Return to Play.

Background and Objectives: Lateral ankle injuries are commonly encountered injuries, and the open modified Broström operation (OMBO) is the primary treatment option. Recently, an arthroscopic modification of the Broström operation (AMBO) was developed; many studies have shown that there are no significant differences in clinical and radiological outcomes between the two surgical methods. However, no studies have been conducted comparing the two surgical methods in terms of return to play (RTP) time. This study assesses the time to RTP and the functional clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients were enrolled from January 2012 to July 2014. They were segregated into two cohorts: the AMBO group comprised 30 patients, while the OMBO group comprised another 30 patients. Each participant underwent standardized treatment and rehabilitation regimens and RTP time was measured using seven questions that explored the times to return of painless walking, running, jumping, squatting, climbing stairs, and rising up on the heels and toes. We compared the time intervals from the onset of instability to the date of surgery. Clinical outcomes were evaluated before the surgery, 6 weeks after surgery, and 6 months after surgery. The assessments included the American Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score, the pain visual analog scale (VAS) score, subjective satisfaction with rehabilitation, and activity level. Results: In terms of RTP, AMBO was associated with a shorter interval to walking without pain (7.07 ± 2.96 weeks) relative to OMBO (11.03 ± 8.58 weeks). No disparities were observed in the time to return to play (RTP) between OMBO and AMBO. While there were no discrepancies in the 6-month postoperative AOFAS or VAS scores, the 6-week postoperative VAS score was notably lower in the AMBO group compared to the OMBO group. AMBO provided a faster RTP in terms of two of the seven questions in a group exhibiting high-level physical activity. The rate of subjective satisfaction with rehabilitation was higher for AMBO than for OMBO. Conclusions: Aside from walking, the duration to return to play and the clinical outcomes were similar between AMBO and OMBO treatments for lateral ankle instability. AMBO is a good treatment option and should be carefully considered for athletes with lateral ankle instability. AMBO demonstrated positive outcomes in a group with higher activity levels compared to others, particularly in terms of time to RTP, subjective satisfaction, and postoperative pain.

Identification of subgroups of patients with oesophageal cancer based on exercise intensity during prehabilitation

Purpose To identify subgroups of patients with oesophageal cancer based on exercise intensity during prehabilitation, and to investigate whether training outcomes varied between subgroups. Materials and methods Data from a multicentre cohort study were used, involving participants following prehabilitation before oesophagectomy. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using four cluster variables (intensity of aerobic exercise, the Borg score during resistance exercise, intensity of physical activity, and degree of fatigue). Aerobic capacity and muscle strength were estimated before and after prehabilitation. Results In 64 participants, three clusters were identified based on exercise intensity. Cluster 1 (n = 23) was characterised by fatigue and physical inactivity, cluster 2 (n = 9) by a low training capacity, despite high physical activity levels, and cluster 3 (n = 32) by a high training capacity. Cluster 1 showed the greatest improvement in aerobic capacity (p = 0.37) and hand grip strength (p = 0.03) during prehabilitation compared with other clusters. Conclusions This cluster analysis identified three subgroups with distinct patterns in exercise intensity during prehabilitation. Participants who were physically fit were able to train at high intensity. Fatigued participants trained at lower intensity but showed the greatest improvement. A small group of participants, despite being physically active, had a low training capacity and could be considered frail.

Sustainability of exercise-induced benefits on circulating MicroRNAs and physical fitness in community-dwelling older adults: a randomized controlled trial with follow up

BackgroundCirculating miRNAs (c-miR) have been shown to be potential biomarkers in sarcopenia, but the miRNAs response to aerobic exercise in older people remains inconclusive. We sought to examine the exercise benefits on physical fitness and miRNAs, and to explore the mediating effect of miRNAs on training-induced fitness changes.MethodsThis controlled trial recruited 58 community-dwelling older adults and randomized them into exercise group (EX) and control group (CON). EX received 8-week supervised moderate intensity cycling training 3x/week. C-miR expression (c-miR-21, c-miR-126, c-miR-146a, c-miR-222), physical fitness (body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness) and physical activity level (PAL, measured as in daily step counts) were evaluated at baseline, post-training, and post-16-week follow-up. The mediating effect of miRNA expression onto exercise-induced physical fitness change was determined by causal mediation analysis (CMA).ResultsExercise significantly improved body fat and cardiorespiratory fitness in older people while maintaining muscle mass and strength, and augmented expression of c-miR-126, c-miR-146a, and c-miR-222 for up to 16 weeks post-training. Notably, older people in EX had substantially higher daily step counts than CON throughout the study even after the active training period. However, CMA revealed no significant indirect effect but a potential mediating effect of c-miR-21, but not the rest, onto the body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and lower limb strength.ConclusionAn eight-week supervised MICT program promoted a higher level of physical activity up to 16 weeks post-training, which induces better cardiorespiratory fitness and resists decline in muscular measures. C-miRNA, especially c-miR-21, potentially mediates the training effect upon fitness.

Domain-Specific Physical Activity and Stroke in Sweden

Associations of domain-specific physical activity with stroke incidence and poststroke outcomes have not been extensively studied using long-term, population-based data. To investigate associations of leisure time, work time, transport, and household physical activity with stroke incidence and death or dependency in activities of daily living (ADL) 3 months after stroke. The prospective, population-based Interplay Between Genetic Susceptibility and External Factors (INTERGENE) cohort study was conducted among a random sample of individuals from an urban-rural area covering western Sweden; 3614 individuals aged 24 to 77 years were examined in 2001 to 2004, and 1394 individuals were reexamined in 2014 to 2016. The median (range) follow-up was 20.0 years (56 days to 21.9 years). Data were analyzed from September through October 2023. Physical activity levels were self-reported for leisure time, work time, transportation, and household domains. The mean number of steps taken over a 6-day period was collected in a subgroup of participants using a sealed pedometer. Follow-up for stroke incidence and mortality rates continued until December 31, 2022. The composite outcome of death or ADL dependency was assessed at 3 months after stroke. Among 3614 individuals (mean [SD] age, 51.4 [13.1] years; 1910 female [52.9%]); 269 individuals (7.4%) developed stroke, of whom 120 individuals (44.6%) were dead or ADL dependent at 3 months. Intermediate (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.54; 95% CI, 0.38-0.77) and high (aHR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.31-0.73) levels of leisure time physical activity were associated with a reduced incidence of stroke compared with low levels, as was an intermediate level of physical activity in transportation (aHR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.52-0.93). High levels of leisure time physical activity were also associated with a reduced risk of poststroke death or ADL dependency (adjusted odds ratio, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.16-0.71) compared with low levels. Work time and household physical activity were not associated with stroke incidence or stroke outcomes. In exploratory subgroup analyses, there were interactions between physical activity and smoking (current smoking or smoking in the past year associated with stroke risk only in participants with low or intermediate physical activity: aHR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.72-3.15) and family history of stroke (first-degree relative with a history of stroke associated with stroke risk only in participants with low or intermediate physical activity: aHR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.27-2.38). In this study, leisure time and transport-related physical activities were associated with a reduced risk of stroke. A high level of leisure time physical activity was also associated with a lower risk of death or ADL dependency 3 months after stroke.

Dose-response relationship between weekly physical activity level and the frequency of colds in Chinese middle-aged and elderly individuals.

Engaging in appropriate physical activity can significantly lower the risk of various diseases among middle-aged and older adults. Investigating optimal levels of physical activity (PA) is crucial for enhancing the health of this demographic. This study aims to explore the dose-response relationship between weekly PA levels and the frequency of colds among Chinese middle-aged and elderly individuals, identifying the necessary PA level to effectively diminish the risk of colds. We conducted a cross-sectional study using a web-based survey targeting individuals aged 40 and older (n=1,683) in China. The survey collected information on PA and the frequency of colds. Data was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test and the χ2 test. We explored the dose-response relationship between weekly PA and cold frequency over the past year through an ordered multivariate logistic regression model and a restricted cubic spline model. (1) Brisk walking emerged as the preferred physical exercise for those over 40. The findings suggest that engaging in moderate (odds ratio (OR) = 0.64, P<0.001, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.50-0.81]) and high (OR = 0.64, P<0.001, 95% CI [0.51-0.79]) levels of PA weekly significantly reduces the risk of catching a cold. Individuals with one (OR = 1.47, P<0.001, 95% CI [1.20-1.80]) or multiple chronic diseases (OR = 1.56, P<0.001, 95% CI [1.21-2.00]) were at increased risk. Those residing in central (OR = 1.64, P<0.001, 95% CI [1.33-02.01]) and western China (OR = 1.49, P = 0.008, 95% CI [1.11-02.00]) faced a higher risk compared to their counterparts in eastern China. (2) According to the restricted cubic spline model, adults who experienced one cold in the past year had a weekly PA level of 537.29 metabolic equivalent-minutes per week (MET-min/wk) with an OR value of 1. For those reporting two or more colds, the PA level was 537.76 MET-min/wk with an OR of 1. (1) Brisk walking is the most favored exercise among the Chinese middle-aged and elderly, with the prevalence of colds being affected by the number of chronic diseases and the geographic location. (2) Regular, moderate exercise is linked to a lower risk of colds. To effectively reduce cold frequency, it is recommended that middle-aged and elderly Chinese individuals engage in a minimum of 538 MET-min/wk of exercise.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA ASUPAN CAIRAN HARIAN DAN MINUMAN ISOTONIK DENGAN TINGKAT HIDRASI ATLET NON-ELITE UKM SEPAK BOLA DI UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SURABAYA

The purpose of this study was to describe the amount of daily fluid intake, isotonic drinks, hydration, physical activity, and to determine the relationship between fluid intake with isotonic drinks on the hydration level of non-elite athletes. This study applied cross-sectional design with total sampling method on 25 non-elite football athletes. The instruments used was SQFFQ Beverages for daily fluid intake and isotonic drinks, IPAQ shortform for physical activity levels, and Urine Specific Gravity (USG) for hydration levels. The results of this study found that the average fluid intake of athletes was less (3468.81±1330.34 ml), less isotonic drink intake (548±243.82 ml), hydration level is minimal dehydration (1018.20±7.05 g/dl), and high physical activity level (3009.52±1275.86 MET-minutes/week). Daily fluid intake and hydration levels had a significant relationship (r=0.657, p=0.000), and the relationship between isotonic drinks and hydration level its also significant (r=0.561, p=0.004). The amount of daily fluid intake and isotonic drinks had a significant relationship with athletes' hydration levels.

Implications of helplessness in depression: diagnosing mild cognitive impairment and analyzing its effects on cognitive decline in older adults.

This study focuses on how elements of depression correlate with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults and the diagnostic efficacy of combining these components with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The study also investigated the connection between individual depression components and overall cognitive function, as measured by the total score (TS) of the consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer's disease (AD) assessment battery. The study included 196 nondemented adults aged 65 to 90 years at a university hospital and community. Comprehensive clinical assessments including the 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) to measure components of depressive symptoms, TS, and blood nutritional biomarkers. Our stepwise logistic regression analysis highlighted the 'helplessness item' (odds ratio = 4.531, 95% CI = 2.218 to 9.258, p < 0.001) as a significant predictor for MCI diagnosis. Further, models incorporating 'helplessness item + MMSE' demonstrated markedly enhanced accuracy in diagnosing MCI, surpassing the performance of the MMSE used independently. Notably, the group characterized by helplessness showed a significant reduction in TS (B = -5.300, SE = 1.899, β = -0.162, p = 0.006), with this trend being particularly pronounced in individuals exhibiting lower levels of physical activity. Interestingly, this correlation did not manifest in participants with higher physical activity levels. Our findings suggest that helplessness is highly effective in diagnosing MCI and is linked to a decrease in cognitive function. Therefore, when addressing MCI and AD-related cognitive decline, clinicians should consider helplessness.

Prevailing Food Intake, Physical Activity and Health Beliefs in a Rural Agricultural Community in the Philippines: Factors to Consider Prior to a Diabetes Prevention Program.

A diabetes prevention program is being proposed in the rural agricultural town of San Juan, Batangas, Philippines. This study aims to determine the prevailing level of food intake, physical activity, and health beliefs prior to any intervention. Adults were recruited via random sampling with proportional allocation. Interviews were done to determine food intake and physical activity. Small group discussions were held to determine prevailing health beliefs. The average energy intake (1,547 kcal/d) is only 72% of the recommended values for Filipinos. Only 12% of the respondents achieved the recommended energy intake. Carbohydrates comprise a large part (71%) of calorie intake. A majority (91%) already have moderate to high levels of physical activity. There are prevailing health beliefs that need to be considered when dietary modifications and physical activity interventions are to be done. Internationally recommended diabetes prevention interventions such as reducing calorie intake and increasing physical activity may not be directly applicable here. We recommend that the features of a diabetes prevention program for this locale must include the following: 1) introduction of affordable plant sources of proteins; 2) decreasing the proportion of rice as a source of carbohydrates in the diet; 3) maintaining the level of physical activity; and 4) being sensitive to the prevailing health beliefs.

Association between physical activity and risk of premenstrual syndrome among female college students: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundThis study aimed to analyze the relationship between physical activity and the risk of premenstrual syndrome among college students.MethodsEligible studies were searched from the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases. The link between physical activity and the risk of premenstrual syndrome was evaluated using odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The heterogeneity of the included studies was tested and their sources were explored by subgroup analysis. A sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the effect of a single study on the pooled results. The included studies were evaluated for publication bias. Five moderate-quality studies were included in this meta-analysis.ResultsPhysical activity levels were negatively associated with risk of premenstrual syndrome among college students (OR [95%CI] = 1.46 [1.09, 1.96], P = .011). The pooled results were not influenced after being stratified by the study region and whether multi-factor correction was performed or not. Publication bias was not observed in the included studies.ConclusionA high level of physical activity is dramatically associated with a reduced risk of premenstrual syndrome among female college students.

Physical activity and risk of workplace and commuting injuries: a cohort study.

Leisure-time physical activity (PA) has been hypothesized to reduce the likelihood of occupational injuries, but it is unclear whether this association varies between workplace and commuting injuries. The aim of this study was to examine the association between PA and risk of workplace and commuting injuries. Data were derived from the Finnish Public Sector study including 82 716 person-observations (48 116 participants). PA was requested repeatedly in four questionnaire surveys between 2000-2012. The average level of PA from two subsequent questionnaires was used to assess long-term PA. To obtain a 1-year incidence of injuries, participants were linked to occupational injury records from the national register. Logistic regression analysis with generalized estimating equations was used to examine the association between PA and injury risk. The analysis was adjusted for age, sex, education, work schedule, job demand, sleep difficulties, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and depression for workplace and commuting injuries, and workplace injuries were additionally adjusted for physical heaviness of an occupation and injury risk by occupation. Higher level of PA was associated with a lower risk of workplace injuries compared to inactive participants [odds ratio (OR) 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.73-0.98]. This association was most marked in the ≥50-year-old age group (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.64-0.99). No association between the PA and the risk for commuting injuries was observed. Higher PA is associated with lower risk of workplace injuries particularly among older employees.

Higher levels of physical activity are associated with less evasive coping, better physical function and quality of life in patients with axial spondyloarthritis.

To evaluate daily physical activity (PA) in relation to psychosocial factors, such as anxiety, depression and different types of coping strategies, as well as patient- and disease-related factors in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Consecutive outpatients from the Groningen Leeuwarden AxSpA (GLAS) cohort completed the modified Short Questionnaire to assess health-enhancing PA (mSQUASH), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Coping with Rheumatic Stressors (CORS) questionnaires, as well as standardized patient- and disease-related assessments. Univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses and comparison of lowest and highest PA tertiles were performed to explore associations between the HADS, CORS, patient- and disease-related factors and PA. In total, 84 axSpA patients were included; 60% male, mean age 49 (SD ±14) years, median symptom duration 20 (25th-75th percentiles: 12-31) years, mean ASDAS 2.1 (±1.0). Higher PA levels were significantly associated with better scores on patient-reported disease activity (BASDAI), physical function (BASFI) and quality of life (ASQoL). Furthermore, higher levels of PA were associated with less impact of axSpA on wellbeing and lower HADS depression scores. In the multivariable linear regression model, less use of the coping strategy 'decreasing activities' (β: -376.4; p 0.003) and lower BMI (β:-235.5; p: 0.030) were independently associated with higher level of PA. Comparison of patients from the lowest and highest PA tertiles showed results similar to those found in the regression analyses. In this cohort of axSpA patients, higher levels of daily PA were associated with better patient-reported outcomes and lower depression scores. Additionally, the passive coping strategy "decreasing activities" and lifestyle factor BMI were independently associated with PA. Besides anti-inflammatory treatment, coping strategies and lifestyle should be taken into account in the management of individual axSpA patients. Incorporating these aspects into patient education could increase patient awareness and self-efficacy. In the future, longitudinal studies are needed to better understand the complex relationship between patient-, disease- and psychosocial factors associated with daily PA.

Associations of coping and health-related behaviors with medical students’ well-being and performance during objective structured clinical examination

Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is a valid method to evaluate medical students’ competencies. The present cross-sectional study aimed at determining how students’ coping and health-related behaviors are associated with their psychological well-being and performance on the day of the OSCE. Fourth-year medical students answered a set of standardized questionnaires assessing their coping (BCI) and health-related behaviors before the examination (sleep PSQI, physical activity GPAQ). Immediately before the OSCE, they reported their level of instant psychological well-being on multi-dimensional visual analogue scales. OSCE performance was assessed by examiners blinded to the study. Associations were explored using multivariable linear regression models. A total of 482 students were included. Instant psychological well-being was positively associated with the level of positive thinking and of physical activity. It was negatively associated with the level of avoidance and of sleep disturbance. Furthermore, performance was negatively associated with the level of avoidance. Positive thinking, good sleep quality, and higher level of physical activity were all associated with improved well-being before the OSCE. Conversely, avoidance coping behaviors seem to be detrimental to both well-being and OSCE performance. The recommendation is to pay special attention to students who engage in avoidance and to consider implementing stress management programs.Clinical trial: The study protocol was registered on clinicaltrial.gov NCT05393206, date of registration: 11 June 2022.

Active recess: School break time as a setting for physical activity promotion in European primary schools

Objective: This study investigated active recess as an innovative approach to improving physical activity levels in European primary schools, addressing the need to counteract sedentary behaviour and enhance health in students. Method and Design: Using rapid reviewing, the article summarises empirical evidence from a variety of sources, including cross-sectional and intervention studies. Different approaches are investigated to determine their impact on physical activity during recess. Results: Different playground settings have distinct effects on physical activity, with grassland and designated zones in particular promoting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Gender inequalities in physical activity patterns suggest the need for gender-sensitive interventions. Playground marking and scheduled activities temporarily increase physical activity, whereas recess of more than 60 minutes dramatically enhances physically active participation. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the impact of active recess in facilitating children to engage in higher levels of physical activity. The findings have implications for school health policy decisions.

Nonparticipation Bias in Accelerometer-Based Studies and the Use of Propensity Scores

Relatively little attention has been paid to the effects of nonparticipation on data quality in population-based studies that use accelerometers to measure physical activity. We examine these issues using data from the 2013 Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences (LISS) panel and 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) accelerometer studies, both of which collected survey data in advance and therefore permit comparisons of self-reported physical activity between participants and nonparticipants to the accelerometer studies. While individuals with high levels of self-reported physical activity are overrepresented in the participant samples, the differences are modest in both studies. However, in the LISS panel this difference led to overestimates of physical activity that are not fully corrected by propensity score weighting adjustments (i.e., non-ignorable selection bias). This finding underscores the importance of assessing the potential influence of nonparticipation on accelerometer-derived estimates of physical activity.

Physical Activity and Progression of Coronary Artery Calcification in Men and Women

ImportancePrior cross-sectional studies have suggested that very high levels of physical activity (PA) are associated with a higher prevalence of coronary artery calcium (CAC). However, less is known regarding the association between high-volume PA and progression of CAC over time.ObjectiveTo explore the association between PA (measured at baseline and during follow-up) and the progression of CAC over time.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study included data from 8771 apparently healthy men and women 40 years and older who had multiple preventive medicine visits at the Cooper Clinic (Dallas, Texas), with a mean (SD) follow-up time of 7.8 (4.7) years between the first and last clinic visit. Participants with reported PA and CAC measurements at each visit during 1998 to 2019 were included in the study. Data were analyzed from March 2023 to February 2024.ExposuresPA reported at baseline and follow-up, examined continuously per 500 metabolic equivalent of task minutes per week (MET-min/wk) and categorically: less than 1500, 1500 to 2999, 3000 or more MET-min/wk.Main Outcomes and MeasuresNegative binomial regression was used to estimate the rate of mean CAC progression between visits, with potential modification by PA volume, calculated as the mean of PA at baseline and follow-up. In addition, proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios for baseline PA as a predictor of CAC progression to 100 or more Agatston units (AU).ResultsAmong 8771 participants, the mean (SD) age at baseline was 50.2 (7.3) years for men and 51.1 (7.3) years for women. The rate of mean CAC progression per year from baseline was 28.5% in men and 32.1% in women, independent of mean PA during the same time period. That is, the difference in the rate of CAC progression per year was 0.0% per 500 MET-min/wk for men and women (men: 95% CI, −0.1% to 0.1%; women: 95% CI, −0.4% to 0.5%). Moreover, baseline PA was not associated with CAC progression to a clinically meaningful threshold of 100 AU or more over the follow-up period. The hazard ratio for a baseline PA value of 3000 or more MET-min/wk vs less than 1500 MET-min/wk to cross this threshold was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.66 to 1.08) in men and 1.16 (95% CI, 0.57 to 2.35) in women.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that PA volume was not associated with progression of CAC in a large cohort of healthy men and women who were initially free of overt cardiovascular disease.

Mobility patterns in Grande Abrigo de Santana do Riacho, Minas Gerais, Brazil: insights from histomorphometric analysis of skeletal remains

This study analyzes skeletal remains from Grande Abrigo de Santana do Riacho, aiming to investigate mobility patterns. Previous studies suggest low mobility based on macroscopic observations of skeletons. This study examined thin sections of the femoral Linea aspera of six adult individuals using histomorphometric techniques. Variables analyzed include intact and fragmented secondary osteons, osteon area and Haversian canal. This data was then compared with other groups to test associations between histological features and mechanical stimuli. A high density of osteons was found, indicating high levels of physical activity. Differences between sexes were observed, with men showing evidence of more strenuous physical demands compared to women. Furthermore, a statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05) positive relationship was observed between the area of the Haversian canal and the density of secondary osteons, suggesting relatively short events of bone remodelling. This result is consistent with previous macroscopic analyses, confirming the low mobility patterns for the site. The study also highlights the potential of bone paleohistology for investigations in Brazilian contexts.

Physical Activity, Sleep, and Risk of Late-Onset Severe Mental Illness: A Prospective Cohort Study From UK Biobank.

Previous studies have found that both physical inactivity and poor sleep are deleteriously associated with severe mental illness (SMI). The aim of current study was to investigate the joint association of physical activity (PA) and sleep with late-onset SMI (schizophrenia and bipolar disorder) risk. A total of 340187 (for schizophrenia)/340239 (for bipolar disorder) participants without schizophrenia or bipolar disorder from the UK Biobank were included. Baseline PA levels were categorized as high, intermediate, and low according to the total volume of PA. Sleep was categorized into healthy, intermediate, and poor according to an established composited sleep score of chronotype, sleep duration, insomnia, snoring, and daytime sleepiness. We derived 9 PA-sleep combinations, accordingly. After an average follow-up of 13.2 years, 814 participants experienced schizophrenia and 846 participants experienced bipolar disorder. Both low PA level, intermediate, and poor sleep were independently associated with increased risk of SMI. PA level and sleep had additive and multiplicative interactions on SMI risk. Compared to those with high PA level and healthy sleep, individuals with low PA and poor sleep had the highest risk of SMI (hazard ratio: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.02-3.70, P < .001) for schizophrenia; (hazard ratio: 3.81; 95% CI: 2.35-6.15) for bipolar disorder. A higher PA level may attenuate the detrimental effects of poor sleep. Both low PA and poor sleep was associated with increasing risk of late-onset SMI. Those with low PA and poor sleep had the highest risk of late-onset SMI, suggesting likely synergistic effects. Our findings supported the need to target both PA and sleep behaviors in research and clinical practice.

High-level physical activity provides protection against all-cause mortality among U.S. adults with depression

BackgroundRegular physical activity (PA) offers numerous benefits, decreasing all-cause mortality (ACM) among the general population. However, its impact on individuals with depression remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between various PA levels and ACM among adult patients with depression in the United States. MethodsData from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2018, as well as relevant mortality data up to December 31, 2018 were extracted. 4850 adults with depression were incorporated into this cohort study. PA level was quantified based on weekly metabolic equivalent of task (MET-min/week) and categorized into four groups according to the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. Weighted Cox proportional-hazards models were leveraged to assess the association of different PA levels with ACM among adults with depression, and adjustments were made for various sociodemographic and health factors. ResultsAmong the 4850 patients with depression, 503 deaths were noted over a median follow-up of 6.6 years. The weighted Cox regression analysis showed that participants with high-level PA (>1200 MET-min/week) had a markedly lower risk of ACM (HR = 0.48, 95 % CI 0.33 to 0.68) compared to those with no PA (0 MET-min/week). The benefit conferred by the high-level PA group (HR = 0.65, 95CI 0.45 to 0.94) remained significant (p < 0.05) after adjustment for other confounders. LimitationsPA and some covariates were assessed through self-reported questionnaires. ConclusionHigh-level PA has the most pronounced effect on reducing ACM among adult patients with depression, which should be recognized in clinical and public health guidelines.

Impact of Obesity on Cardiac Autonomic System Functioning in Military Police Officers.

Cardiac autonomic system functioning may be altered by obesity leading to cardiovascular diseases and associated complications. Military police officers are exposed to traditional and occupational risk factors for the development of CVD, however data on the cardiovascular health in this population is still scarce. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the impact of obesity on cardiac autonomic modulation and the hemodynamic profile in male active-duty military police officers. The body composition of the volunteers was assessed by octapolar electrical bioimpedance. Participants were classified as non-obese or obese in accordance with their body fat, with further subgroups as physically active obese or insufficiently active obese using International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Cardiac autonomic modulation was assessed by heart rate variability and the automatic oscillometric method allowed us to assess hemodynamic features. 102 military police officers from the state of São Paulo participated in the study. Cardiac autonomic modulation revealed significant impairment in time and frequency domains and non-linear methods in the obese group compared to the non-obese (p < 0.05). A higher physical activity level did not alter these results in the obese group. However, no significant differences in the hemodynamic profile were observed between groups (p > 0.05). These findings suggest a negative association between obesity and cardiac autonomic modulation in military police officers, unaffected by increased physical activity.

Association of healthy lifestyle behaviours with incident irritable bowel syndrome: a large population-based prospective cohort study

ObjectivesTo evaluate the association between healthy lifestyle behaviours and the incidence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).DesignPopulation-based prospective cohort study.SettingThe UK Biobank.Participants64 268 adults aged 37 to 73 years who had...