High Levels Of Interference Research Articles

СУЧАСНІ ВИМІРИ ЛІТЕРАТУРНОЇ МОДЕЛІ ПОГРАНИЧЧЯ

The geopolitical and social changes of the 20th century were the result of global cultural and aesthetic changes. The phenomenon of contemporary literature has become an extremely motley geography of “small homelands” and a kind of cultural federalism, occurring on various borderlands. In a globalised postmodern world, research and analysis of this phenomenon is of great importance. Despite the special interest in borderland literature among Polish and, more recently, Ukrainian scientists, the attention of researchers is usually focused on commonly known and popular artists of the 20th century, their literary works are rarely compared with the texts of other participants in the literary process. Despite this, the problem of functionality of ethnocultural models of Polish- Ukrainian borderland literature has never been the subject of a comprehensive analysis. Interest in border literature came in the 1990s. The heterogeneity and multidimensionality of the texts contributed to shaping the new mythology of the border, certain “kresomania”, and thus distortions and one-dimensionality in research. It was only at the beginning of the 21st century that the “frontier” discourse will acquire objective dimensions, and the neutral concept of “borderland” will be increasingly used in the study of this phenomenon, scientists from neighbouring countries (Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus) will join the discussion. Cultural models of borderlands are characterised by a high level of relativity, cultural and linguistic interference that is caused by a common history, as well as the experience of living together in the common areas. Under these conditions, the formation of a common border ethnocultural model where the antinomy “center - periphery” category softened marginal areas.

Performance Analysis of Non-Ideal Sectorized SFR Cellular Systems in Rician Fading Channels With Unbalanced Diversity

Nowadays, low reuse factors are used in cellular systems because of high traffic demand, despite it produces high co-cell interference (CCI) levels. Consequently, soft-frequency-reuse (SFR) and sectorization are used to improve the spectral efficiency and to mitigate CCI. In addition, diversity techniques are necessary for a good system performance. Motivated by this scenario, for the uplink of orthogonalfrequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, the bit error rate (BER) and the cellular spectral efficiency using multilevel-quadrature-amplitude-modulation (M-QAM) and maximal-ratio-combining (MRC) in Rician fading channels are analyzed, where diversity branches have different Rician K-factors (unbalanced diversity). SFR is used assuming non-ideal sectorized cells due to the irregular radiation pattern of base station antennas. An exact integral-form expression and a closed-form upper-bound to evaluate the BER are obtained. In addition, an algorithm, and an expression to calculate the cellular spectral efficiency are presented considering that a target BER must be guaranteed for all users in the cell. From the analysis, it is determined that the BER can be reduced and the spectral efficiency can be improved if some system operating parameters are selected in an adequate manner. Thus, it was noticed that the number of diversity branches, the sum of the K factors of these branches, and the antenna type, are decisive to guarantee the target BER and to maximize the cellular spectral efficiency.

Interference Effects of Emotional Arousal on Recognition Memory: Comparison of Within-object and Between-object Bindings

According to the Object-based Binding Theory, emotional arousal enhances within-object binding, but impairs or does not affect between-object memory binding. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of negative emotional arousal on memory updating of within-object and between-object associations. Negative emotional arousal was expected to cause a higher level of interference in intrinsic associations (within object condition) than in extrinsic associations (between object condition). Angry, sad and neutral facial expressions chosen for emotion conditions are paired with various hats as neutral objects. In the within-object condition, the hat was presented together with a face, while in the between-object condition, the hat was presented as a separate object distinct from the face. First, all participants learned a list of face-hat pairs, then learned a second list with the same faces paired with new hats. In the test phase, the second list of pairs was rearranged into half correct and half incorrect, and the participants decided whether the pairs were correct or incorrect. The data were analyzed on the basis of Signal Detection Theory. We found that higher false alarms were given to angry faces in the within-object condition than in the between-object condition. This high false alarm rate indicates that negative emotional arousal prevented memory updating of within-object associations. According to analysis of memory sensitivity, in all emotion conditions, correct and incorrect pairs were better discriminated in the between-object condition than in the within-object condition. When false alarm rates and sensitivity results are considered together, the hypotheses of the study are supported and it is seen that negative emotional arousal leads to proactive interference in the within-object condition and thus makes it difficult to update memory. These results are consistent with the OBT in that negative emotional arousal exerts an enhancing effect on remembering intrinsic features of objects.

Independence of prosecutors in the Russian justice system

Based on the data of the sociological survey, the author considers the attitude of prosecutors to their own independence and to the circumstances that can affect it. The questionnaire focused on the opinions of prosecutors and various aspects of the impact on their decisions: higher management, pressure from the media, representatives of state authorities, etc. The results of the survey prove that the relationship between the higher management and public authorities in the field of their impact on the independence of prosecutors has both functional-hierarchical and real reasons. The study revealed a coincidence of the high level of dependence on the authorities with the high level of management interference in the procedural activities of prosecutors, which allows to suggest that in most cases officials put pressure on prosecutors through their higher management. The results of the survey show that with experience the level of critical evaluation of authorities’ attempts to influence the process and the results of the prosecutors’ work increases. If young professionals do not feel rejection when face the intervention of the authorities, then with the growth of experience negative assessments of such actions appear and gradually strengthen. At the same time, the revealed indicators do not allow to say that for inexperienced prosecutors at the first stages of their professional development the phenomenon of power is unknown or unclear. On the contrary, they are familiar with it and feel the most favorable attitude towards it.

Maximum Likelihood Detection for 3-D-MAMR

3-D magnetic recording is a candidate next-generation magnetic recording where multiple recording layers are used, each layer storing its own independent data, which has the potential to extend the storage areal density while having several challenges to overcome. On the writing side, one proposal is to use the microwave-assisted magnetic recording that energizes a particular layer in the stack with a field from a spin-torque oscillator to select a specific layer for writing. Readback is also a challenge as the standard reader picks up a superposition of signals from the multiple layers. The data from each layer have to be accurately recovered despite the high levels of interference between the layers. In this article, we assess the impact of such interference and look for ways to mitigate it to realize the gains of multilayer recording. We perform an initial study on the capacity of the summation of a pair of binary channels, followed by a model for a two-layer recording system with the lower layer having worse dispersion. Our study indicates the potential for some net areal-density gains from the introduction of the second layer that could lead to the increased longevity of the magnetic recording industry.

Decoupling Security From Applications in CoAP-Based IoT Devices

The complex and ever-changing Internet of Things (IoT) domain could benefit from standardization and a higher degree of autonomy between different layers: standard approaches defining the relationship between security communication software functionalities, hardware, and applications will allow a more efficient, flexible, and secure communication. To this end, techniques in which the security of IoT devices is decoupled from the applications they run can provide significant benefits and enable the development of new standardization strategies. This article presents a study of the benefits provided by IoTsafe, a security decoupling approach when used in combination with the constrained application protocol (CoAP). Whereas previous work relied on HTTP/HTTP2 protocols, the present article is focused on the analysis of the feasibility of IoTsafe in more constrained devices in channels with high interference levels. The benefits of this technique are illustrated by means of a battery of tests to evaluate the impact of this scheme. The results show no performance penalty (taking CoAP with security as a baseline) in lossless channels, even when an overhead increment of 38% is borne. Furthermore, in lossier channels, a transfer time reduction of 36% is achieved, a figure that increases significantly if traffic compression is enabled.

Interference Avoidance Using TDMA-Beamforming in Location Aware Small Cell Systems

It is ascertained that the current communication systems will not be able to support the future network demands due to the increasing traffic, limitation of frequency resources, and high level of interference. Recently, beamforming techniques have been introduced to reduce the interference by redirecting the transmission towards the desired users only. While such beamforming enables better interference mitigation and improved network performance, the concerns on its effectiveness in dense deployment environments are arising. In this paper, the prospect of interference avoidance in location aware small cell environments using time division multiple access (TDMA) and beamforming is studied. The interference is reduced by identifying the aggressor small cell and transmit the beams towards the desired users at different times. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is able to enhance the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) by approximately 18 dB, enhance the user throughput by about 10 Mbps in comparison to small cell on/off control scheme with a discovery signal (SCon/off-DS), and improve the fairness index to about 95% in comparison to the baseline scheme. It is believed that the presented results promote the proposed scheme as an efficient interference management paradigm for the fifth generation (5G) communication systems.

ND2 THE IMPACT OF HEREDITARY TRANSTHYRETIN AMYLOIDOSIS ON WORK-RELATED OUTCOMES: A MIXED METHODS APPROACH

To examine the impact of hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (hATTR) on patients’ work-related outcomes through evidence from observational survey data and qualitative interviews. A mixed methods embedded design was used to examine the impact of hATTR on adults in the US. Quantitative data based on 64 completed surveys, collected in an observational, online study, included the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire (WPAI) and additional employment-related questions. Qualitative data were based on 11 concept elicitation interviews with hATTR patients who were in the workforce at symptom onset. In the observational study, 20 of the 64 patients were employed in the 7 days prior to completing the WPAI and were absent an average of 13% of their work week, experienced 24% work impairment, and 30% work productivity loss due to hATTR. Across all 64 patients, the average activity impairment due to hATTR was 49%. During qualitative interviews, over half (54%) described feeling less productive and effective at work due to hATTR, and 73% of patients expressed emotional loss and frustration from leaving the workforce prematurely due to hATTR symptoms. Patient reported hATTR symptoms, which caused them to leave the workforce prematurely, included: problems with mobility, manual dexterity, pain, fatigue, GI issues, and cognitive difficulties – such as trouble focusing, difficulty finding words, memory issues, and “feeling loopy.” Half (50%) attributed both treatment burden and symptom burden to early workforce exit. Patients with hATTR experienced high levels of employment interference and disruption. Symptoms and treatment burden of hATTR led to early transitions out of the workforce and serious negative impacts on patients’ overall independence and emotional well-being. This mixed methods design allowed data collection on a large sample in a rare condition to be complemented with in-depth narrative data from qualitative interviews, providing context on how early workforce exits impact patients’ lives.

Influence of the interference level and of the assembly process on the shear strength of loctite 648 anaerobic adhesive

ABSTRACTThe aim of this research is to study the effect of the interference level and of the coupling procedure on the shear strength of Loctite 648 anaerobic adhesive. The tests involved shaft-hub joints with a quite large interference range and joined by a broad range of coupling strategies, which is one of the main issues of novelty of this research. 42CrMo4 tempered steel shaft specimens and 16CrNi4Pb hardening steel hub samples were used. Two factors were considered: the interference level and the assembly strategy. Four different levels of specific interference were analyzed up to a maximum value of 0.22%, performing five replications per level. Experimental trials were carried out with different coupling procedures: using press-fitted and shrink-fitted joints. Using the first procedure, a high level of interference induces scratches on the sample surfaces. These are conversely not produced by shrink-fitting. Some tests were devoted to friction coefficient estimation, thus also assessing the lubricating properties of the adhesive. Particularly, dry couplings and couplings and de-couplings with not yet cured adhesive were run to address this point. The results were processed by statistical methods, to assess the influence of the studied factors on the adhesive strength.

Equipment and Methods for Studying Thermoacoustic Emission Memory Effects in Rocks

Thermally stimulated rock failure has been actively studied for over 30 years for solving both fundamental and applied problems. At the same time, there are features that make it difficult to obtain information on the development of thermal compared to mechanical damage. The article discusses three main problems: the small number of recorded acoustic emission pulses, the difference in thermal conditions during heating and cooling, and the high level of interference from conventional heating control systems. The article analyzes ways to solve these problems and proposes and develops an improved laboratory setup and methods for studying thermally stimulated rock failure.

A role for hippocampal adult neurogenesis in shifting attention toward novel stimuli

New granule neurons are born in the dentate gyrus region of the hippocampus throughout life. Behavioral effects of slowing or stopping this ongoing neurogenesis are generally observed only in complex cognitive tasks involving high levels of cue or memory interference or in tests of emotion presented after stress exposure. Here, we tested the role of new neurons in naïve rats in a simple, one-trial orienting task previously shown to be affected by hippocampal lesions. Using a pharmacogenetic method to inhibit adult neurogenesis, we found that loss of new neurons decreased orienting toward a novel auditory cue. Rats lacking new neurons showed this change in orienting only when they were drinking from a water bottle and not when they were exploring an empty arena, suggesting that the deficit is not in the ability to orient to a novel sound but in shifting of attention toward a second stimulus. Orienting was reduced to the same extent after 4 or 8 weeks of neurogenesis reduction but was not detectably altered after 2 or 3 weeks of treatment, suggesting that new neurons must mature for approximately a month before functioning in this behavior. These findings demonstrate that adult-born neurons affect behavior in a simple attention reorienting task in naïve animals with no prior stress or task-related learning.

Real-Time Monitoring of Temperature Rises of Energized Transformer Cores With Distributed Optical Fiber Sensors

Real-time temperature mapping that solves local overheating problems is important for obtaining an optimized thermal design for high-efficiency power transformers. Internal temperature monitoring of operating power transformers can also be leveraged for asset monitoring applications targeting at fault detection enabling condition-based maintenance. Transformers present a variety of challenging sensing environments such as high levels of electromagnetic interference and limited space for conventional sensors to operate. Immersion of power transformers in insulation oils for thermal management during operation and the presence of relatively large and time-varying electrical and occasional magnetic fields make sensing technologies requiring electrical wires or active power at sensing locations highly undesirable. In this work, we investigate thermal response of a standard telecom fiber instrumented on compact transformer cores by using an optical frequency-domain reflectometry scheme. Correlation between conventional temperature sensing methods and fiber-optic sensing results as well as tradeoffs between spatial resolution and temperature measurement accuracy is discussed and spatially resolved real-time monitoring of temperatures in energized transformers is experimentally demonstrated.

Research on Magnetic Characteristics of Small UAV for Aeromagnetic Measurement

UAV has the characteristics of small size, light weight, low cost, convenient assembly and maintenance, etc. It is suitable for aeromagnetic exploration, mapping, agriculture and forestry plant protection and other fields. Commercial drones, combined with aerospace magnetic measurement with its excellent platform value, can play an important role in small-scale geomagnetic surveying and magnetic anomaly detection in key areas. In the aeromagnetic measurement process of the drone, the small-scale and high-integrated hardware configuration results in a high level of near-field magnetic interference of the drone, which affects the magnetic detection effect. This paper selects a small commercial unmanned aerial vehicle for magnetic characteristics research. The static and dynamic flight magnetic tests of the UAV were carried out in the zero-magnetic laboratory, and the magnetic moment and magnetic field characteristics were analyzed. The experimental results will be used as the data basis for magnetic interference noise reduction in UAV aeromagnetic survey applications.

A Novel Scanning Algorithm for MEG/EEG imaging using Covariance Partitioning and Noise Learning.

In this paper, we present a novel scanning algorithm, called Covariance Optimization Garnering Noise for Active Cancellation (COGNAC), for magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) source localization. COGNAC uses a probabilistic graphical generative model for describing sensor data. This novel generative model partitions contributions to sensor data from sources at a particular scan location and from sources outside the scan location, with corresponding multi-resolution variance parameters that are estimated from data. Maximizing a convex upper bound on the marginal likelihood of the data under this generative model results in a cost function that can be optimized efficiently. Importantly, this generative model enables learning of sensor noise without the need for additional baseline or pre-stimulus data. The resulting inference algorithm is quite robust to reconstruction of highly correlated sources and to the effect of high levels of interference and noise sources. Algorithm performance was compared to representative benchmark algorithms on both simulated and real brain activity. In simulations, performance of our novel algorithm is consistently superior to benchmarks. We also demonstrate that the new algorithm is robust to correlated brain activity present in real MEG/EEG data.

Interference Control in Working Memory Is Associated with Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex Volume.

Goal-irrelevant information may interfere with ongoing task activities if not controlled properly. Evidence suggests that the ability to control interference is connected mainly to the prefrontal cortex (pFC). However, it remains unclear whether gray matter (GM) volume in prefrontal regions influences individual differences in interference control (IC) and if these relationships are affected by aging. Using cross-sectional and longitudinal estimates over a 4- to 5-year period, we examined the relationship between relative IC scores, obtained from a 2-back working memory task, GM volumes, and performance in different cognitive domains. By identifying individuals with either no or high levels of interference, we demonstrated that participants with superior IC had larger volume of the ventrolateral pFC, regardless of participant demographics. The same pattern was observed both at baseline and follow-up. Cross-sectional estimates further showed that interference increased as a function of age, but interference did not change between baseline and follow-up. Similarly, across-sample associations between IC and pFC volume were found in the cross-sectional data, along with no longitudinal change-change relationships. Moreover, relative IC scores could be linked to composite scores of fluid intelligence, indicating that control of interference may relate to performance in expected cognitive domains. These results provide new evidence that a relative IC score can be related to volume of specific and relevant regions within pFC and that this relationship is not modulated by age. This supports a view that the GM volume in these regions plays a role in resisting interference during a working memory task.

Multi-objective routing aware of mixed IoT traffic for low-cost wireless Backhauls

The futuristic wireless networks expects to provide adequate support for distinct kind of applications, their diverse requirements, and scenarios for future Internet systems, such as Internet of Things based on multimedia and sensor data, while figuring out low cost solutions to offload the mobile communication core. In this context, Low-cost Wireless Backhauls (LWBs) can be useful, since they are based on cheap WLAN technologies, such as Wireless Mesh Networks that provide capacity for future IoT applications based on mixed traffic. The routing is a fundamental process to provide communication in these multi-hop networks and multi-objective routing optimization algorithms based on Integer Linear Programming (ILP) models have been studied in the literature to address this problem, but there is a lack of solutions for mixed traffic. For this reason, we propose a novel ILP multi-objective approach, called Multi-objective routing Aware of miXed traffIc (MAXI), which employs three weighted objectives to guide the routing in WMNs with different applications and requirements. In addition, we provide a comparative analysis with other relevant approaches of routing using NS-3 to evaluation based on simulation, that takes into account different types and levels of interference (e.g. co-channel interference and external interference) focused on mixed IoT traffic for elderly healthcare scenario. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach to support the requirements of each application through the appropriate combination of objective functions, mainly in dense scenarios with high level of interference.

Robust cepstral-based features for anomaly detection in ball bearings

This paper proposes the linear frequency cepstral coefficients as highly discriminative features for anomaly detection in ball bearings using vibration sensor data. These features are based on cepstral analysis and are capable of encoding the patterns of a spectral magnitude profile. Incipient damages on bearings can grow rapidly under normal use resulting in vibration and harsh noise. If left undetected, this damage will worsen, leading to high maintenance costs or even injury. Multiple interferences in an industrial environment contaminate the signal, making it a challenge to correctly identify the bearings’ condition. Many studies have attempted to overcome this issue at the signal level. However, the discriminative capacity of the current vibration signal features is still vulnerable to interference, which motivates this work. In order to demonstrate the benefits of these features, we (1) show that they are computationally efficient and suitable for real-time incremental training; (2) conduct discriminative analysis by evaluating the separability performance and comparing it with the state of the art; and (3) test the robustness of the proposed features under noise interference, which is ideal for use in the harsh operating conditions of industrial machinery. The data was obtained from a laboratory workbench setting that reproduces bearing fault scenarios. Results show that the proposed features are fast, competitive when compared to state-of-the-art features, and resilient to high levels of interference. Despite the higher performance when using the quadratic model, the proposed features remain highly discriminative when used with several other discriminant function.

Insect acoustic communication: The role of transmission channel and the sensory system and brain of receivers

Abstract For decades, acoustic insects have been used as model organisms for behavioural neurobiologists to understand mate choice or predator avoidance, because behaviour can easily and reliably be elicited in the laboratory, and behaviourally relevant, identified nerve cells be studied under these conditions. However, signalling often takes place in complex environments, in which the signal perceived by the receiver may differ greatly from the one broadcast due to the biotic and abiotic properties of the sound transmission channel. Thus, the key challenge is to transfer the insights of these laboratory‐oriented experiments to more natural settings. Signal detection, identification and discrimination, as well as localization, are complicated by the transmission channel in several ways. Here, I review the empirical evidence from outdoor studies, demonstrating how excess attenuation reduces the active space and the information of a signal at some distance from the sender. At the same time, these frequency‐dependent processes allow to maintain acoustic distances to neighbours in a population. Insects often communicate within choruses of signallers of the same and different species, giving rise to high levels of acoustic masking interference. I discuss the evidence found for temporal or spatial partitioning of species in multispecies assemblages, and I show that solutions to the masking problem are based on a combination of adaptations in the behaviour of signallers and in the sensory system of receivers. Whether or not the perceived signal elicits a behaviour in receivers will depend on the design of the sensory system and the brain. I give examples for active mechanical processes in insect sensory receptors that influence the responses to external stimuli. In addition, neuronal filters in the frequency, intensity or time domain, and even the memory of individual receivers, provide the basis for adaptive receiver decision‐making in mate choice scenarios. Finally, I describe the advantages of having access to the relatively simple nervous systems of insects and how this access, combined with the use of a variety of behavioural tests, allows new insights into acoustic communication and its evolution. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

Survival of the Fittest: Increased Stimulus Competition During Encoding Results in Fewer but More Robust Memory Traces.

Forgetting can be accounted for by time-indexed decay as well as competition-based interference processes. Although conventionally seen as competing theories of forgetting processes, Altmann and colleagues argued for a functional interaction between decay and interference. They revealed that, in short-term memory, time-based forgetting occurred at a faster rate under conditions of high proactive interference compared to conditions of low proactive interference. However, it is unknown whether interactive effects between decay-based forgetting and interference-based forgetting also exist in long-term memory. We employed a delayed memory recognition paradigm for visual indoor and outdoor scenes, measuring recognition accuracy at two time-points, immediately after learning and after 1 week, while interference was indexed by the number of images in a semantic category. We found that higher levels of interference during encoding led to a slower subsequent decay rate. In contrast to the findings in working-memory, our results suggest that a “survival of the fittest” principle applies to long-term memory processes, in which stimulus competition during encoding results in fewer, but also more robust memory traces, which decay at a slower rate. Conversely, low levels of interference during encoding allow more memory traces to form initially, which, however, subsequently decay at a faster rate. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanism of forgetting and could inform neurobiological models of forgetting.

Impact of human activities on the reproduction of Hooded Vultures Necrosyrtes monachus in Burkina Faso

During the last decades, the critically endangered Hooded Vulture Necrosyrtes monachus has strongly declined across its African range. Although direct persecution has been suggested as a major cause of this decline, little is known about the impact of humans on reproductive output in West Africa. We studied the impact of human activities on the reproductive output of Hooded Vultures in the Garango area of Burkina Faso. Twenty and 56 nesting attempts were monitored, respectively, during the breeding season in 2013/14 and 2014/15, to determine reproductive success and identify causes of nest failure. Annual breeding success varied between 0.68 and 0.71 chicks fledged per breeding pair per year and productivity was assessed at 0.57 chicks fledged per territorial pair in 2014/15. The main threats imposed by humans were poaching of eggs, chicks and collection of nest materials, leading to 20% (13 out of 64 breeding attempts) of nest failures over the two years. An additional important reason for nest failure was the pruning and (partial) cutting of nest trees. Despite this high level of human interference, we found that Hooded Vulture nest success increased with proximity to human settlements, probably because breeding vultures benefit from protection by people against persecution and disturbance.