High Levels Of Employment Research Articles

Who benefits more? The heterogeneous impact of highways on employment growth

ABSTRACT This paper explores the relationship between the stock of interstate highways on employment growth of counties in Texas between 1983 and 2012. Using the Chernozhukov-Hansen instrumental variables quantile regression (IVQR) method, we examine the heterogeneous impact that highways have on employment growth at different quantiles of the conditional distribution while at the same time controlling for potential endogeneity. The results show that the employment growth effect monotonically increases as one shifts from the lower tail to the upper tail of the distribution. The range is 0.15 to 0.44, with the highest at the 95th quantile, compared to 0.189 for OLS and 0.213 for 2SLS. A 10 percent increase in interstate highway kilometers in 1983 led to about a 1.5 to 4.4 percentage point increase in county employment over a 29-year period. Our results also indicate that the counties with low initial levels of employment grew faster than those with a high initial level of employment and that this convergence monotonically decreases from the lower tail to the upper tail of the growth distribution.

THE ROLE OF AUTOMOBILE SECTOR IN GLOBAL BUSINESS CASE OF PAKISTAN

The global automobile sector is among the driving forces of worldwide economies. Similarly in Pakistan, the automobile sector is the one of greatest industries. Although the automobile is one of the leading private sectors in Pakistan, the industry is largely protected from the external race. Over the eras, the automotive manufacturing consumes made a known run-of-the-mill presentation in rapports of continual and continuous progress. The vehicle manufacturing of Pakistan ensures not to partake a noteworthy part in the overall additional worth of the industrial segment. This study is finding out the effects of high duties, production, technology, and government policies on automobile growth in Pakistan. It will contribute to other important factors that affect the growth of the Automobile Industry worldwide and specially in Pakistan. Many studies use the Balassa index to analyse comparative global trade benefits, which have been shown (particularly in agriculture), but the selected automotive industry has novel study possibilities. This research focuses on the competitiveness of the car industry, a crucial sector because of its high added value, competitive market, growing technical demands and a high level of employment. The objective of our article is to analyse the comparative benefits indicated by Markov's transition probability and the caplan-meier survival function of the global car trade, and the duration and stability of the Balassa indices. Data sources for 1997-2016 are worldwide HS6 car shipments. The article has arrived at several findings. Initially, analysing the global vehicle trade, it was found that the USA, China, Germany and Japan were the greatest vehicle manufacturers, but in the time examined, the main exporters were Germany, Japan and Canada, collectively accounting for 40% of all goods shipped, with 71% of the top 10 nations. Second, the most traded/exported automotive product, as we analysed it, was a worldwide vehicle with just dazzling internal ignition (1500-300cm 3) (870323), representing more than 40% of the whole 1997-2016 export of vehicles. Third, the Balassa calculations reveal that in every period evaluated by the most prominent automotive exporters in the world, Spain and Japan had the largest comparative advantages. This is a descriptive correlational study and the primary purpose is to examine variables and relationships. This study is conducted in the education sector in Karachi, Pakistan with four variables to investigate the causal relationship among different variables. This study constructed a conceptual framework to illustrate a causal relationship by defining the relevant variables. It indicates the independent variable (the cause) and the dependent variable (the effect). There is a positive relationship between production and automobile growth. The effects of Duties are 0.294 on automobile growth and the effect of government policy is 0.177 on automobile growth and the effect of production is 0.152 on automobile growth and the effect of technology is 0.150.

Regulating On-demand Work in China: Just Getting Started?

Abstract In China, a significant and rising number of workers are engaged in on-demand work. The legal status of on-demand workers has been widely debated, and it seems that the vast majority are not protected by labour law, since the law accords rights only to those workers with ‘labour relationships’. While there is widespread consensus in China that on-demand workers need more protection, steps taken in that direction to date have been small indeed. This paper seeks to explain the current legal situation of Chinese on-demand workers by outlining the responses to the spread of on-demand work of the judicial and arbitration system, national government, trade unions and workers themselves. Addressing the question why on-demand workers have not yet been accorded labour protections, it points in particular to the national government’s concern to maintain high levels of employment and ensure economic growth.

Employment, Unemployment And Poverty Reduction

Employment of the population is one of the key government tasks. Achieving a high level of employment is one of the main goals of macroeconomic policy in any country, and primarily in such as Uzbekistan. The ideology of universal employment of the entire able-bodied population, supported by the obligation of a person to participate in social production, is being replaced by the concept of ensuring the desired employment and free choice of the form and type of employment.

ESTIMATION OF RATES OF RETURN TO INVESTMENTS IN EDUCATION IN LATVIA

The aim of the article is to prove the positive impact of education on work salary. For this purpose, the main task of the article is toestimate the Mincer rate of return by taking several factors into account. A secondary task of the research is to analyze the results of2010 and 2011 and to find explanations for the significant differences between the two years. The results of research and a detailedanalysis of the labour market indicate a positive return from attainment of education at an individual level, and they strengthen thehypothesis about a correlation among higher education attainment, higher employment levels and welfare. So far, the Mincer rate ofreturn has not been widely used in Latvia. Keywords: rate of return, education, work salary. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.15181/rfds.v11i3.623

Opportunities for Tax Culture Formation of Self-Employed

Self-employment in Russia characterized by a high level of shadow employment. The special tax regime was designed to carry out this activity from shadow. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the taxpayers behavior and their tax culture. The purpose of the article is to study the tax culture, factors influencing its demonstration in the taxpayers behavior, as well as to identify the features of tax culture in the field of self-employment. The information base of the article composed documents regulating the activities of self-employed, statistical data on the quantity, structure and dynamics of self-employment in the Russia and other countries, sociological surveys of self-employed. The main difference in the interpretation of tax culture is associated with the definition of its subjects. Therefore, the role of subjective factors in the taxpayers behavior is often overestimated. It is concluded that it is necessary to consider the issue of the tax culture of the self-employed not only from the point of view of their mentality, but first of all from the point of view of the external conditions of their activity. Low and irregular incomes, lack of social guarantees and financial support lead to the formation of the self-employed tax culture in the conditions of «survival». In this regard, actions to improve the tax culture by influencing internal factors are ineffective.

The Role of European Funds in the Economic Development

European Union was created for enhancing the cooperation and economic development of country members. This very complex initiative is a long-term process that contributes to reduction of inequalities due to the expansion of trade relations, increased mobility of factors of production and dissemination of technology and gradually added more freedoms between countries and common policies in this respect. Among the main objectives of EU are economic and social cohesion, which must be achieved mainly by promoting the conditions for economic growth and reducing disparities between the levels of development of EU regions, ensuring a high level of employment and a balanced and sustainable economical growth. The European Funds are the financial instruments of the common policies, being significantly diversified and improved in the last decades. The EU enlargement implied new challenges and higher efforts to support such common policies from a very limited common budget. For new members from Eastern Europe that joined EU, these European Funds were seen as a very important and reliable support for boosting their economic development. This paper will discuss, from both theoretical and empirical perspectives, the possible impact of these funds on the economic development, with a specific focus on the Eastern European Countries (EEC).

Impact of Urbanization and Labor Vulnerability Over the COVID-19 Dynamic Across Countries: A Survival Analysis

This study analyzes the evolution of daily recorded cases of COVID-19 among all countries. In more detail, using survival models, we study the average duration of the increase of cases of COVID-19 before reaching its maximum and reduce the number of infected daily. Additionally, we incorporate dummies to control the levels of urbanization and labor vulnerability as the main control variables. Among the main results, we observed that countries with 50% of the population living in urban areas tend to have more extended periods of infection before reaching their maximum levels and entering a plateau. Besides, the vulnerability variable ends up not being significant by itself. Still, in interaction with the urbanization variable, we observe that countries with high urbanization levels and high levels of vulnerable employment reach the maximum infection level earlier than other countries.

Heat stress on agricultural workers exacerbates crop impacts of climate change

The direct impacts of climate change on crop yields and human health are individually well-studied, but the interaction between the two have received little attention. Here we analyze the consequences of global warming for agricultural workers and the crops they cultivate using a global economic model (GTAP) with explicit treatment of the physiological impacts of heat stress on humans’ ability to work. Based on two metrics of heat stress and two labor functions, combined with a meta-analysis of crop yields, we provide an analysis of climate, impacts both on agricultural labor force, as well as on staple crop yields, thereby accounting for the interacting effect of climate change on both land and labor. Here we analyze the two sets of impacts on staple crops, while also expanding the labor impacts to highlight the potential importance on non-staple crops. We find, worldwide, labor and yield impacts within staple grains are equally important at +3 ∘C warming, relative to the 1986–2005 baseline. Furthermore, the widely overlooked labor impacts are dominant in two of the most vulnerable regions: sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. In those regions, heat stress with 3 ∘C global warming could reduce labor capacity in agriculture by 30%–50%, increasing food prices and requiring much higher levels of employment in the farm sector. The global welfare loss at this level of warming could reach $136 billion, with crop prices rising by 5%, relative to baseline.

Long-term remission and biologic persistence rates: 12-year real-world data

BackgroundBiologic therapies have greatly improved outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Yet, our ability to predict long-term remission and persistence or continuation of therapy remains limited. This study explores predictors of remission and persistence of the initial biologic therapy in patients after 12 years. Furthermore, outcomes with adalimumab and etanercept are compared.Patients and methodsRA and PsA patients were prospectively recruited from a biologic clinic. Outcomes on commencing therapy, at 1 year and 12 years were reviewed. Demographics, medications, morning stiffness, patient global health score, tender and swollen joint counts, antibody status, CRP and HAQ were collected. Outcomes at 1 year and 12 years are reported and predictors of biologic persistence and EULAR-defined remission (DAS28-CRP < 2.6) are examined with univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsA total of 403 patients (274 RA and 129 PsA) were analysed. PsA patients were more likely to be male, in full-time employment and have completed higher education. PsA had higher remission rates than RA at both 1 year (60.3% versus 34.5%, p < 0.001) and 12 years (91.3% versus 60.6%, p < 0.001). This difference persisted when patients were matched for baseline disease activity (p < 0.001). Biologic continuation rates were high for RA and PsA at 1 year (49.6% versus 58.9%) and 12 years (38.2% versus 52.3%). In PsA, patients starting on etanercept had lower CRP at 12 years (p = 0.041). Multivariate analysis showed 1-year continuation [OR 4.28 (1.28–14.38)] and 1-year low-disease activity [OR 3.90 (95% CI 1.05–14.53)] was predictive of a 12-year persistence. Persistence with initial biologic at 12 years [OR 4.98 (95% CI 1.83–13.56)] and male gender [OR 4.48 (95% CI 1.25–16.01)] predicted 12 year remission.ConclusionsThis is the first study to show better response to biologic therapy in PsA compared to RA at 12 years. Long-term persistence with initial biologic agent was high and was predicted by biologic persistence and low-disease activity at 1 year. Interestingly, PsA patients had higher levels of employment, educational attainment, and long-term remission rates compared to RA patients.

ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СХИЛЬНОСТІ МОЛОДИХ ВИБОРЦІВ ДО АБСЕНТЕЇЗМУ

The article examines the problem of the political absenteeism and presents the results of a study of the psychological features of young people who have a tendency to electoral non-participation. The purpose of the article is to analyze the potential socio-psychological factors of young citizens` political abstention. The authors analyze the main political, social, cultural factors of the political absenteeism. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the causes of political passivity of young citizens (the impact of the life cycle, a narrow understanding of the policy concept, and specifics of the political socialization). The authors explore the features of the self-consciousness of the politically passive youth, in particular, it was analyzed the influence of such internal factors as a personal responsibility of the citizen, general trust to the world, a sense of control over events, their awareness of the own significance. The results of the study of socio-psychological factors of youth (18-25 years) propensity to the absenteeism are presented. The researchers found that young people prone to absenteeism are characterized by a higher level of employment (not only education but also work), the presence of unofficial income. Some of them show a certain infantilism and the financial dependence on other family members. Such young people are characterized by a higher (compared with politically active youth) degree of distrust of socio-political institutions (church, courts, President, Verkhovna Rada, Cabinet of Ministers) and an experience of dealing with corruption in various instances. Their avoidance of participation in elections is not related to cognitive factors (lack of the information about this process, candidates, etc.). They explain the reason for their non-participation in the elections by external and situational circumstances. Such respondents tend to show the political passivity, be less interested in politics, and do not show their own initiative in the public sphere. Male respondents were more prone to absenteeism. There is a clear tendency to show absenteeism among young people with distrust and alienation to the world around them, with a generally negative attitude towards controllability and fairness of events in it and a pessimistic attitude to their own "I", their self-worth, and to their own ability to manage events. In addition, respondents prone to absenteeism showed a reduced level of the personal responsibility and the dominance of the situational responsibility especially at the level of the moral-spiritual, emotional-motivational, and behavioral-volitional components of responsibility.

Sustainable inland port development: integrated framework applied to Modjo Dry Port Ethiopia

Scientific research on dry port development often focuses on advanced economies and is mostly lacking for developing countries such as Ethiopia. This paper developed a new integrated framework with three pillars (social, environmental, economics) for dry port development and its applicability is tested for Modjo Dry Port (MDP) in Ethiopia. The results indicate that most stakeholders prefer more efficient operations either on the current terminal or on an increased size terminal. Furthermore, the 'labour component' is regarded as very important (high employment levels at the MDP terminal; approximately 1000) while in the scientific literature this is regarded as much less important. In Africa, employing people is important and reflects the desire to increase the labour force of MDP even further when expanding. This is remarkable as usually productivity growth results in a reduction in employees, especially given the already very high employment numbers for MDP. Finally, the relative equal importance of most sub-criteria results in a status quo where no decision is taken or the most optimal decision is not advocated.

ДЕРЖАВНА ПОЛІТИКА МИРОБУДІВНИЦТВА ТА ЇЇ ВПЛИВ НА ЕКОНОМІЧНУ БЕЗПЕКУ ДЕРЖАВИ

The article discusses the priorities of the state policy of peacebuilding and strengthening the economic security of the state. Monitoring of measures was carried out, aimed at reintegration of the temporarily occupied territories, minimization of the negative impact of risks and threats of military and hybrid aggression to maintain the trajectory of sustainable holistic socio-economic development of the country and its regions. Institutional and legal support of the policy of reintegration of the temporarily occupied territories was systematized and analytical evaluation of official transfers of local budgets of Donetsk and Luhansk regions. The adopted State Target Program for Restoration and Peacebuilding in the Eastern Regions of Ukraine was studied, deoccupation Strategy, and reintegration of the temporarily occupied territories. The issues of restoration and integration of housing infrastructure of Donetsk and Luhansk regions into the general state transport and logistics infrastructure were studied. A number of advantages and disadvantages of the state policy of peacebuilding in Ukraine are proposed and define their consequences for ensuring the reintegration of the occupied territories. The key obstacles to peacemaking in Donetsk and Luhansk regions at the present stage of development have been identified: slowdown in GDP growth; small export volumes; limited external and internal investments, opacity of sources of their attraction; high levels of hidden unemployment and insufficient employment of the population, intensification of external labor migration processes, business and intellectual capital migration; presence of manifestations of corruption, raiding and insecurity of private property rights; insufficiently high level of quality of life of the population and a significant share of internally displaced persons. The priority directions of public policy in the Strategy and a number of guiding documents are studied, which indicate the main benchmarks. The issue of operational and tactical activities of authorities of different levels in terms of peacekeeping has been studied, strengthening the economic security of the state with tools of economic stimulation of reintegration and ensuring the socioeconomic development of conflict territories.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ РИЗИКІВ НА МІЖНАРОДНОМУ РИНКУ ТУРИСТИЧНИХ ПОСЛУГ, СПРИЧИНЕНИХ ПАНДЕМІЄЮ ТА ПЛАНУВАННЯ ЗАХОДІВ ВИХОДУ З КРИЗИ ЗА РАХУНОК ПІДВИЩЕННЯ РІВНЯ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ МОТИВАЦІЇ ПРАЦІ ПЕРСОНАЛУ

The article considers the risks of the international market of tourist services in a pandemic and measures to overcome the crisis by increasing the level of professional motivation of staff. Study of losses of the tourism sector in the EU in April-May 2020. Decrease in EU revenues in June 2020. The impact of risks on the development of the international tourism industry from the implementation of anti-epidemic measures with COVID-19. Uncertainty and the predominant risks and duration of pandemic constraints are key to determining losses in this sector. The reasons for job losses in the tourism industry during the study period are investigated. The analysis of dynamics of outbound tourism for the period of introduction of quarantine restrictions is carried out. The reasons for the decline in demand for domestic tourism have been identified. The negative dynamics in the labor market of the tourism industry and its cause are determined. The expediency of Ukraine’s participation in international tourism relations has been proved. The tourism industry of Ukraine has been studied and the priority directions of its development that have developed under the current conditions have been revealed. The level of employment during the implementation of measures caused by the pandemic was studied. It is determined that an important problem is the high level of informal employment in the tourism industry. It was found that in the current situation in Ukraine at the current stage of its development, the problem of raising the level of professional motivation of staff has become important, because solving the challenges facing society is possible only if you create an appropriate motivational framework that can motivate employees to effective work. It is proved that in modern conditions in Ukraine at the present stage of its development the problem of increasing the level of professional motivation of staff has become important, because solving problems facing society is possible only if you create an appropriate motivational base that can motivate employees to work effectively. The efficiency of economic and non-economic methods of motivation of tourism workers is compared. The expediency of using a personalized approach to the choice of methods of professional motivation of employees is determined. Ways out of the crisis by increasing the level of professional motivation of staff are proposed.

ПЕРЕОСМИСЛЕННЯ ФІНАНСОВОЇ ТА ГРОШОВО-КРЕДИТНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ В КОНТЕКСТІ ДОСВІДУ РИНКОВОЇ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ УКРАЇНИ

The article is dedicated to the issue of adequacy of financial resources for structural changes in the context of market transformation of Ukraine’s economy. It was determined that formal character and uncompleted market reforms in most cases had resulted a strong motivational environment to reduce the domestic development potential and the spread of the shadow economy. The decisive factor in the implementation of the relevant changes was the use of cheap labor, which allowed maintaining a high level of employment, but at the cost of falling efficiency and profitability of production. The GDP cut by almost half but unemployment rate achieved 2%, and not only the labor force but also the enterprises that were privatized depreciated. The funds raised from their sale served as an additional, but very limited, source of public finance. The objects of privatization were depreciated enterprises, the funds from which served as an additional, but very limited, source to public finance. Their permanent deficit with falling GDP required a stronger tax component to offset rising government spending. The article presents the consequences of using a deficit model of the economy financing, in particular: falling GDP, including GDP per capita, the formation of a large power of the self-employed population, a significant spread of the shadow economy and the associated large stratification, development of inflationary processes, strengthening of tax pressure on legal business, deteriorating technical and technological condition of enterprises, lack of investment resources in their renewal, a significant amount of non-performing loans, which limits the motivation to invest as well as essential accumulation of debts. The proposals are made to change the model of economy financing via the transition to domestic sources of expanding effective demand, which stimulates increased productivity through innovation and investment. The implementation of this model involves a consistent increase in the cost of labor, consistent with the reduction of the tax burden, strengthening incentives to reduce costs and increase efficiency and provides expanded investment based on increasing domestic demand.

TRANSFORMATION OF THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The purpose of study is to analyze the current state of the hospitality industry in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify elements of the transformation of the hospitality industry to prevent the decline of the economy. The study used methods of induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis, comparison, inference, generalization, abstraction. The results of the study showed that the hospitality industry is the most vulnerable sector of the economy and has significant losses due to constraints. It is concluded that the coronavirus pandemic will obviously radically change the system of building a number of businesses, especially SMEs and sole proprietors. The main problems of the hospitality industry are the lack of differentiation of approaches to solving the problems of hotels based on stardom, taking into account the specifics of business entities in the hospitality industry, high level of informal employment in the hospitality industry, business instability, late start of the holiday season, restrictive measures. It is noted that the main elements of the transformation of the hospitality industry are: preparatory, process, reengineering and redesign, effective. The preparatory phase involves the implementation of new approaches to the organization of activities using innovative technologies, development of strategies for development and counteraction to the negative impact on the hospitality industry caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Process means re-profiling of service delivery processes and virtual trajectory of development, expansion of the range of service provision. Reengineering and redesigning involves continuous improvement of operational processes, their monitoring, and introduction of new approaches and development of new innovative forms of doing business. Effective is aimed at obtaining a positive result in the process of activity. Each of these elements is complementary. The next item follows from the previous one and is not subject to replacement or omission. Prospects for further research are the development of mechanisms for the interaction of elements of the transformation of the hospitality industry in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Keywords: hospitality industry, transformation, COVID-19, reengineering, redesign, strategy.

Доступ мигрантов к социальным услугам в России на примере граждан Азербайджана

В статье анализируется уровень доступности социальных услуг для мигрантов из Азербайджана в России, а также изменения этого уровня в связи с новациями в миграционном законодательстве 2013–2016 гг. В качестве основных индикаторов анализа выбраны: легальность и условия труда, медицинские услуги, образование детей, жилищные условия азербайджанских мигрантов в сравнении с мигрантами из других стран СНГ. Эмпирическую базу исследования составили данные всероссийских социологических опросов трудовых мигрантов Центра этнополитических и региональных исследований для НИУ-ВШЭ в 2011 и 2017 гг. Также использованы данные полуструктурированных интервью с экспертами, информация из открытых источников о законодательном регулировании миграции. Исследование показало, что мигранты из Азербайджана, являясь одной из наименее легализованных групп на российском рынке труда, имеют тот же уровень доступа к социальным услугам, что и мигранты из других стран СНГ. Из-за высокого уровня неформальной занятости распространены случаи нарушения их трудовых прав, они не могут быть защищены в полной мере. Однако, ввиду высокой в сравнении с другими мигрантами платежеспособности, азербайджанцы имеют равный либо лучший доступ к медицинскому обслуживанию, образованию детей и жилищным условиям. Во-первых, они чаще других готовы обращаться за платными медицинскими услугами. Во-вторых, у азербайджанских мигрантов шире доступ к детским дошкольным учреждениям в России в сравнении с выходцами из Средней Азии, а к общеобразовательным учреждениям – на таком же уровне, как и у других мигрантов. В-третьих, азербайджанцы больше, чем другие группы мигрантов обеспечены отдельным жильем, в том числе собственным. Делается вывод о том, что в 2017 г. по сравнению с 2011 г. доступ мигрантов в целом, в том числе и азербайджанцев, к социальным услугам улучшился. Часть этих изменений связана с поправками в миграционное законодательство 2013–2016 гг.

Gender Representation in Saudi EFL Textbooks: A Study of the Family and Friends Series

The aim of the present study was to investigate the gender representation in the English as a Foreign Language textbook, Family and Friends 6 KSA second edition, that is designed internationally and widely used in private Saudi elementary schools. To achieve the study goals, a mixed method was used, content analysis and a compiling quantitative data in which the corpus of the English textbook was analyzed; frequencies and percentages of gender appearances and activities were also calculated. The major findings of the study were as follows: First, women were underrepresented in terms of appearance. Second, males were dominant of the reading passages and dialogues topics. Third, there is an overall higher tendency for females to be referenced in sentences before males. forth, males were presented in a wider range and overall a higher level of employment and enjoyed a wider range of spare time and leisure activities than females. Fifth, however, the distribution of household responsibilities was equal between females and males and female activities were not restricted to passive indoor activities. Recommendations and suggestions for further studies are presented at the end of the results section of this paper.

Analysis of furniture products’ contribution to Turkey’s economy with a hybrid multi-criteria decision making method

The furniture sector has a strategic importance in Turkey. That sector contributes greatly to the national economy, provides high levels of employment, is rapidly growing, and does not have a foreign trade deficit. In this paper, a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making method was used to determine the contribution of some furniture products to Turkey’s economy. First, the entropy method was used to determine the weight values of the criteria, and then the ELimination Et Choix Traduisant la REalité (ELimination Et Choice Translating REality) (ELECTRE) method was used to compare and rank the alternatives. As a result of this analysis, the furniture products that contributed the most to the national economy were “seating furniture and parts thereof, other wooden furniture”, “wooden bedroom furniture”, “other metal furniture”, and “parts of furniture other than metal and wood”. The least contributing products were “furniture used in medicine, surgical, dental, veterinary, and barber chairs etc.”, “plastic furniture”, and “furniture other than metal, wood, and plastic”.

Analysis of furniture products’ contribution to Turkey’s economy with a hybrid multi-criteria decision making method

The furniture sector has a strategic importance in Turkey. That sector contributes greatly to the national economy, provides high levels of employment, is rapidly growing, and does not have a foreign trade deficit. In this paper, a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making method was used to determine the contribution of some furniture products to Turkey’s economy. First, the entropy method was used to determine the weight values of the criteria, and then the ELimination Et Choix Traduisant la REalité (ELimination Et Choice Translating REality) (ELECTRE) method was used to compare and rank the alternatives. As a result of this analysis, the furniture products that contributed the most to the national economy were “seating furniture and parts thereof, other wooden furniture”, “wooden bedroom furniture”, “other metal furniture”, and “parts of furniture other than metal and wood”. The least contributing products were “furniture used in medicine, surgical, dental, veterinary, and barber chairs etc.”, “plastic furniture”, and “furniture other than metal, wood, and plastic”.