Higher Level Of Consciousness Research Articles

Orthopedic pelvic and extremity injuries increase overall hospital length of stay but not in-hospital complications or mortality in trauma ICU patients: Orthopedic Injuries in Trauma ICU Patients

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to compare the ICU length of stay (LOS), overall hospital LOS, in-hospital complications, and mortality rate between trauma ICU patients with orthopedic injuries versus those without. MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study in which the trauma registry of a single level 1 trauma center was queried over a 6-year period for patients admitted to the ICU during hospitalization. Patients were stratified based on the presence/absence of an orthopedic fracture. Negative binomial regression was used to evaluate the effect of orthopedic injury on overall hospital and ICU LOS while controlling for confounding factors. Secondary outcomes included group differences with respect to in-hospital complications, mortality, and discharge disposition. ResultsA total of 1,785 trauma patients were admitted to the ICU and included. Among all trauma ICU patients, 61.1 % (n = 1,091) had no associated orthopedic injuries whereas 38.9 % (n = 694) had at least one. Patients with orthopedic injuries had higher odds of being severely injured (ISS ≥ 16: OR [CI] =1.47 [1.2–1.8]; p < 0.001) despite presenting with a higher level of consciousness than those without orthopedic injuries (mean GCS: 13.3 ± 3.5 vs 12.5 ± 4.1, p < 0.001). Multivariable models demonstrated having an orthopedic injury did not moderate ICU LOS (IRR [CI] = 0.93 [0.9–1.0]; p = 0.110) but did contribute significantly to increasing hospital LOS (IRR [CI] = 1.23 [1.1–1.3]; p < 0.001). There was no evidence to suggest that orthopedic injury increases the risk of in-hospital complication or in-hospital mortality. Orthopedically injured trauma ICU patients were less likely to be discharged home than those without orthopedic injuries. ConclusionsTrauma ICU patients with an associated orthopedic injury have significantly longer hospital stays compared to those without an orthopedic injury, despite no evidence to suggest that the orthopedic injury affects the duration of ICU stay or in-hospital complications. Level of evidenceIII, Retrospective cohort study

Impact of Local Climate Variability on Cholera Outbreaks in Bida Metropolis of Niger State, Nigeria

This study assessed local climate variability effects on cholera outbreaks in Bida Metropolis and the environs of Niger State. Bida Metropolis and Environs were purposively sampled. Climatic data (Rainfall and Temperature) of Bida and Environs between the years 2000 to 2020 were collected from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMET) and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), while cases of reported cholera were collected from Umaru Saad General Hospital and Federal Medical Center Bida. Regression analysis of the collected data reveals that there is positive relationship between rainfall and cholera cases with an Fvalue of 0.637. This implies that, more cholera cases were reported during the period of high rainfall. However, there is no positive relationship between temperature and cholera cases with a t-value of 0.987. A two-factor regression analysis of the data reveals there is no significant relationship between the climatic elements combined (rainfall and temperature) and cholera cases. Most of the cases of cholera were reported at the beginning of the rainy season between March and April while the cases of cholera were low during the dry season. The study recommended that the government needs to enlighten the people on the need for adequate environmental sanitation with a high level of consciousness at the beginning of the rainy season of the relationship between climatic elements and cholera incidences. There is a need for the people to be enlightened about climate variability, its effects and the means of mitigating or moderating its impact in order to reduce the influence of climate on cholera outbreak.

Recreating Sustainable Societies through Experiential and Peer Learning in Higher Education

Education System in India was based on culture, traditions and social practices that was passed on to the pupils through inherited values. It was learnt at homes as well in schools such as the Gurukul System, which was the centre of diverse learning. The cultural practices in the society, whether reading the scriptures or acquiring hoplology skills, were needed for all round development of the individual. Art and craft; sports and yoga; and also, daily chores were given the same importance, for holistic learning. To some extent, they were also taught to have restraint on unearthly desires. This exercise was influenced by spiritual enlightenment, awareness about nature and self-discipline. It prepared them for their future life struggles, as well as psychological wellbeing. The modern education system introduced during the colonial era was aimed at competitiveness and exploitation of resources. They destroyed the culture and created social divides amongst children; and encouraged a consumeristic lifestyle. Gradually, these societies divorced themselves from ethical principles and were responsible for destruction of nature. The urban milieu vitiated further in this process, becoming centres of environmental degradation and pollution; and diminished social values. Although one associates education with higher level of consciousness, many modern societies have failed to prevent the ecological devastation. In fact, numerous traditional societies have lived more sustainably despite the people there being less literate. Thus, existing education system requires a certain change geared towards human awakening. The present study elucidates the importance of reviving some practices of the past within the modern curriculum by adopting experiential tools for a sustainable living.

Cortical synaptic basis of consciousness.

Consciousness is one of final questions for humans to tackle in neuroscience. Due to a lack of understanding of basic brain networks and mechanisms of functions, our knowledge of consciousness mainly stays at a theoretical level. Recent studies using brain imaging in humans and modern neuroscience techniques in animal studies reveal the basic brain network for consciousness. The projection from the thalamus to different cortical regions forms a network of activities to maintain consciousness in humans and animals. These feedback and feedforward circuits maintain consciousness even in certain brain injury conditions. Pterions and ion channels that contribute to these circuit neural activities are targets for drugs and manipulations that affect consciousness such as anesthetic agents. Synaptic plasticity that trains synapses during learning and information recall modified the circuits and contributes to a high level of consciousness in a certain population.

Predictors of long-term decannulation in patients with disorders of consciousness.

The predictors of tracheostomy decannulation in patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) are not comprehensively understood, making prognosis difficult. The primary objective of this study was to identify predictors of tracheostomy decannulation in patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC). The secondary aim was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of the modified Evans blue dye test (MEBDT) in tracheostomized DOC patients. This retrospective study included all patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) who underwent tracheostomy and were admitted between January 2016 and September 2022. Age, sex, etiology, initial Glasgow coma scale (GCS), initial Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R), diagnosis of unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) or minimal consciousness state (MCS), MEBDT, initial modified Rankin scale (mRS), and initial Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) were collected upon study enrollment. The relationship between clinical characteristics and cannulation status was investigated through a Cox regression model. A total of 141 patients were included in the study. The average age of these patients was 52.5 ± 16.7 years, with 42 (29.8%) being women. During the study period, 86 subjects (61%) underwent successful decannulation. Univariate analysis revealed that decannulated patients exhibited a significantly better conscious state compared to those without decannulation (CRS-R: p < 0.001; GCS: p = 0.023; MCS vs. UWS: p < 0.001). Additionally, a negative modified Evans blue dye test (MEBDT) result was significantly associated with tracheostomy decannulation (p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, successful decannulation was associated with a higher level of consciousness (MCS vs. UWS, p < 0.001, HR = 6.694) and a negative MEBDT result (negative vs. positive, p = 0.006, HR = 1.873). The Kaplan-Meier analysis further demonstrated that MEBDT-negative patients and those in the MCS category had a higher probability of decannulation at 12 months (p < 0.001). The findings of this study indicate that a negative MEBDT result and a higher level of consciousness can serve as predictive factors for successful tracheostomy decannulation in DOC patients.

The common welfare human resource management system and innovativeness: the mediating role of altruism

PurposeThe paper analyzes and develops Chiva's (2014) proposal on the common welfare HRM system and uncovers its relationship with innovativeness, using altruism as a mediator.Design/methodology/approachThe common welfare HRM system implies a certain human and organizational development of the classic control and commitment HRM systems, and its main goal is to promote innovation through a prosocial approach. To this end, the authors investigated its HRM practices, developed a measurement instrument and provided initial illustrative evidence of some of its main implications for innovativeness and altruism. They tested these relationships on a sample of 269 Spanish firms using structural equations and bootstrapping to confirm the significance of the mediated effect.FindingsResults confirm the study’s hypotheses, thus supporting the common welfare HRM system as a relevant tool for developing innovativeness through the power of altruism. This paper therefore provides empirical evidence of these relationships.Practical implicationsThis study has implications that can help managers to increase innovativeness through a specific HRM system. The findings reveal that a coherent set of HRM practices based on common welfare principles and a high level of consciousness creates a climate of altruism that results in innovativeness.Originality/valueThis research shows that humanistic HRM practices also have an impact on performance variables such as innovativeness, through altruistic employees' behaviors. It also develops a measurement instrument for the common welfare HRM system and provides some initial illustrative evidence of some of its main implications.

Формування моральної свідомості студентів закладів вищої освіти в умовах сучасних трансформацій українського суспільства

The article is devoted to the study of theoretical aspects of the moral consciousness formation of higher education institutions’ students in the context of current military aggression in Ukraine. The authors prove the relevance of the outlined problem that is determined by the main contradictions of our time. The researchers reveal the essence of the phenomenon of “morality” as an evaluative and imperative way of mastering reality, which regulates human behavior in the concept of “the good and evil” and as a way of spiritual self-determination of a person; “moral consciousness” as a medium of reflection the main principles and norms of morality in human minds that regulate the human relationship as well as their attitude to society, from the standpoint of internalization of public moral concepts and values, cognitive and evolutionary concept and activity approach. It is identified a four-component structure of moral consciousness (cognitive, worldview, emotional and behavioral components) that based on the individual’s activity in various activities. It is emphasized that all structural components of moral consciousness work as one. The issues of the formation of university students’ moral consciousness are characterized, including such as the peculiarities of the situation of age development, the leading type of activity and the social situation in modern Ukrainian society, which poses a number of difficult choices and moral tests for nowadays young people. The qualities of students’ mature moral consciousness at the present stage are defined. Among them are: communication skills, management of their own behavior, skills of making responsible decisions, high level of consciousness, ability to navigate in difficult life circumstances. Prospects for further research in terms of searching and theoretical substantiation of effective pedagogical conditions for the formation of moral consciousness of students in higher education institutions are outlined.

Formation of a New Paradigm of Scientific and Technological Development in the Era of Global Transformation

The essence of the new scientific paradigm lies in the fact that it made it possible to determine the patterns of development of the global society. This was achieved primarily through the understanding that humanity in its development objectively, whether we like it or not, pursues only one ultimate goal. This is the goal of satisfying the highest need of each individual (which he is not yet fully aware of) to become perfect physically, intellectually and spiritually and to achieve a high level of consciousness. Effective collaboration and collaboration across disciplines, this journal writes, maximizes the potential benefits of interdisciplinary research and provides a foundation for future research activities.

The Determinants of Loyalty to Ecotourism against the Background of Consumer Satisfaction

The desire to gain knowledge about the cultural identity and nature of unexplored places has been inherent in humans since time immemorial. However, the emergence of motivation to care, preserve and increase the cultural, historical, natural and recreational values of destinations indicates a higher level of consciousness and responsibility of tourists. The commitment of tourists to this kind of travel is caused not only by marketing prerequisites, but also by socio-psychological factors different: responsibility, psychological ownership. Due to international competition, the relevance of improving the tourist image is increasing, for which it is necessary to develop the concept of socially and environmentally responsible tourism, develop useful behavioral attitudes in society, which increases the role of transfer of cultural and natural knowledge, consolidation of tourists and local residents in improving the tourist image. The study considers the construct of loyalty to a particular destination. The aim of the study is to deepen the analysis of socio-psychological factors of loyalty to ecotourism and develop a methodology for their study. On the basis of correlational, empirical and sociological methods the direct correlation between loyalty and responsibility, satisfaction, positive experience, psychological property and image of the destination was substantiated. It is proved that research activity, intellectual preparation, motivation, respect for nature, cultural involvement and involvement of local residents have a positive effect on the level of responsibility. Cultural involvement and protection of nature, psychological attachment and social interaction increase the sense of psychological ownership, in contrast to the massiveness factor of the place, which decreases it.&#x0D;

The radical inclusive curriculum: contributions toward a theory of complete education

This paper contributes to curriculum theory from the perspective of a fundamental critique of education. Its objective is two-fold: to analyze both traditional and critical approaches to the curriculum and the types of education that flow from them and to propose changes that could result in significant improvements to the curricula through the radical and inclusive approach. The principles of pedagogy are redefined from the standpoint of this approach, aiming to enhance the educational potential of the curricula. The method of the paper is hermeneutic and dialectical, critically disputing the utility of curriculum theory and of the international policies that drive current educational practice. The essay’s arguments are developed throughout in the dialogical space between the critique and the proposed changes. These arguments are oriented toward complementarity and aim to redefine education and the curriculum in terms of complexity and a higher level of consciousness. The conclusions suggest that the radical and inclusive approach can produce significant, thoroughgoing change in curricula, education, and pedagogy.

A high level of vaccine knowledge increases people's behavioral risks for contracting COVID-19 in Japan

BackgroundThere has been no study in which the association between levels of vaccine knowledge and preventive behaviors was examined during the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined the transition to risky (transmission) behavior according to level of vaccine knowledge over a seven-month period when vaccines became widely available in Japan. MethodsA series of cross-sectional surveys were conducted using rapid online surveys of residents in Iwate Prefecture from December 4 to 7 in 2020 (the first survey) and from July 2 to 4 in 2021 (the fourth survey). We calculated each individual's risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection using a quantitative assessment tool (the microCOVID calculator). The respondents' level of knowledge regarding the COVID-19 vaccine was assessed by a questionnaire and was divided into four groups: very low level, low level, moderate level, and high level of vaccine knowledge. ResultsPeople with a high-level knowledge about the vaccine had significantly higher odds ratios (ORs) of transitioning to high-risk behavior compared to people with a low level of vaccine knowledge (OR [95% confidence interval (CI)], 1.50 [1.17–1.93]; P = 0.001). There was a dose-response association according to the four levels of vaccine knowledge, while engagement in preventive measures in the first survey was not associated with high-risk behavior in the follow-up survey. ConclusionsSince new variants of SARS-CoV-2 have evolved, policy makers should continue to communicate strong messages to keep a high level of consciousness and maintain basic preventive measures even after widespread vaccination.

Investigating the mediating role of moral identity on the relationship between spiritual intelligence and Muslims’ self-esteem

One of the critical crises observed in human society, especially in the so-called advanced and industrial societies, is the spiritual crisis. Spirituality in various types of cultural and religious concepts is considered a spiritual path one in which can achieve something like a high level of consciousness, wisdom or union with God. In addition, self-esteem is a sense of worth. This feeling comes from the sum of our thoughts, feelings, emotions and experiences throughout life. Dignity also means honour and pride, which has been mentioned many times in the Qur’an. In contrast to dignity, there is humiliation, which means lack of dignity in which one simply accepts defeat. Religious teachings, especially Islamic teachings, do not summarise dignity as wealth, luxury and the enjoyment of material possibilities, but interprets dignity as spirituality, and liberation from the shackles of worldliness, which give Muslims a moral identity. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating role of moral identity between spiritual intelligence and self-esteem of Muslims. The statistical population includes 834 Muslim employees working in 20 branches of one Iranian university. Necessary data were collected by standard questionnaires. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and regression analysis in SPSS software (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) were used to analyse the data. According to the results of the analysis, there is a positive relationship between spiritual intelligence and self-esteem of Muslims. There is also a positive relationship between moral identity and self-esteem. Furthermore, moral identity plays a mediating role in the relationship between spiritual intelligence and self-esteem, and it strengthens this relationship.Contribution: The present study proves the mediating role of ethical identity on the relationship between spiritual intelligence and self-esteem in an Islamic society.

LEADERS OF TOMORROW: STATUS AND OUTLOOK OF BIM IMPLEMENTATION AMONG YOUNG QUANTITY SURVEYORS

Studies on BIM have taken the front burner in the construction industry globally. However, studies have shown that the global south is behind in the adoption level. Most previous studies on BIM focused on varied populations as respondents in the global south. To this end, this study set out exclusively to investigate the BIM consciousness among young quantity surveyors (YQS). The data collection instrument was shared online on all young quantity surveyors forum (YQSF) platforms to gain access and administer the research instrument to all young quantity surveyors. The result revealed a high level of consciousness among the YQS. The popular BIM tool among respondents is Revit; other softwares are Naviswork, Tekla structure, Exactal CostX and Buildsoft cubit. However, respondents can only operate Revit, Navisworks and Mb3. If the current trend prevails, the future of the Quantity surveying profession in the digital age is promising. The study recommends a systematic introduction of BIM in the school curriculum adoption of BIM by QS firms, among others. Other stakeholders like the NIQS must intentionally support the young QS to be adequately prepared for the technological revolution currently being experienced in the construction industry globally.

LEADERS OF TOMORROW: STATUS AND OUTLOOK OF BIM IMPLEMENTATION AMONG YOUNG QUANTITY SURVEYORS

Studies on BIM have taken the front burner in the construction industry globally. However, studies have shown that the global south is behind in the adoption level. Most previous studies on BIM focused on varied populations as respondents in the global south. To this end, this study set out exclusively to investigate the BIM consciousness among young quantity surveyors (YQS). The data collection instrument was shared online on all young quantity surveyors forum (YQSF) platforms to gain access and administer the research instrument to all young quantity surveyors. The result revealed a high level of consciousness among the YQS. The popular BIM tool among respondents is Revit; other softwares are Naviswork, Tekla structure, Exactal CostX and Buildsoft cubit. However, respondents can only operate Revit, Navisworks and Mb3. If the current trend prevails, the future of the Quantity surveying profession in the digital age is promising. The study recommends a systematic introduction of BIM in the school curriculum adoption of BIM by QS firms, among others. Other stakeholders like the NIQS must intentionally support the young QS to be adequately prepared for the technological revolution currently being experienced in the construction industry globally.

Consciousness of Dairy Farmers about Rabies an Oldest Zoonosis

Background: The study was carried out to assess the consciousness of dairy farmers about rabies as an oldest zoonosis. Methods: Using the simple random sampling method, 180 dairy farmers from 36 villages of 6 talukas of Panchmahals and Mahisagar districts of Gujarat state (India) were selected. Result: The majority of dairy farmers (90.56%) had high to very high level of consciousness about rabies. The majority of dairy farmers had medium to high level of knowledge (72.22%), high to very high level of sensitivity (91.11%) and favorable to most favorable attitude (95.55%) towards the control of rabies. Path analysis show the maximum positive direct effect had exerted by scientific orientation and mass media exposure and age exerted maximum negative direct effect. Economic motivation and extension participation exerted maximum indirect positive effects. Dairy farmers can enhance their consciousness about rabies through participation in different extension activities with using mass media, internet and other psychological variables. The findings of this study would serve as a guideline for researchers, training institutions, planners, extension agencies and concerned organizations in the formation of effective realistic training programmes to impart consciousness amongst the dairy farmers about rabies and other zoonoses.

Consciousness of dairy farmers about leptospirosis disease as a zoonosis

The study was carried out to assess the consciousness of dairy farmers about leptospirosis disease as a zoonosis. Using the simple random sampling method, 180 dairy farmers from 36 villages of 6 talukas of Panchmahals and Mahisagar districts of Gujarat state (India) were selected. The majority of dairy farmers (88.34 per cent) had medium to high level of consciousness about leptospirosis disease. The majority of the dairy farmers had very low to low level of knowledge (83.89 per cent), very high level of sensitivity (62.78 per cent) and favorable to most favorable attitude (95.55 per cent) towards the control of leptospirosis disease as a zoonosis. The relationship between education, extension participation, mass media exposure, internet exposure, professional training received, scientific orientation, innovation proneness and economic motivation of dairy farmers with their consciousness on leptospirosis disease were found to be a positive and significant. Dairy farmers can enhance their consciousness about leptospirosis disease through participation in different extension activities with using mass media, internet and other psychological variables.

Land Concentration Processes: Polish Case Study in the Light of Selected EU Countries

Purpose: The purpose of the article was an attempt to create a new synthetic measurement of farm area changes and to identify farmers’ attitiudes and knowledge in scope of land concentration processes. Design/Methodology/Approach: The Aggregated ratio of Farm Area Changes were introduced as a proposal for a new measurement of farm structures. Moreover 200 agricultural farms were investigated using survey on the area of selected polish region. Findings: The work focuses on valuable universal measurement for international comparisons in the range of land turnover. Tha reached informations and knowledge during surveying on the farms site conformed high level of consciousness within land market, plans for the futher and reasons and motives of land concetration. The farmers – active playesr on land market – see problems that the institutional environment cannot recognize. Practical Implications: Possibility of implementation of new universal measurement for international comparisions with coexistence with available statistical databases. Practical notices and remarks of experienced farmers for legal regulation proposals to avoid further land concentration processes excluded by European Green Deal rules. Originality/value: The value of the research is innovative research method – ARFACH – Aggregated Ratio of Land Area Changes. Moreover unique research based on survey results on farm site allows to create new legal regulations to limit land concentration processes in European agriculture.

High Consciousness Manager – Who Are We Bringing Back in Management?

The Academy’s theme for 2021 is Bringing the Manager Back in Management. How should one interpret and model the manager that needs to be brought back? It is unlikely to be the qualities that were factored out of management by digital technologies. The qualities needed in the new manager could be the empathizing and synergizing quality, the visionary and transformative quality, the moral quality (Laszlo, 2020), and more. All these and similar qualities can be subsumed under the idea of an integral (Wilber, 2000) or holistic (Dhiman, 2019) or higher state of consciousness (Maheshwari & Gupta, 2020), towards the appreciation of the total interconnectedness (Tsao & Laszlo, 2019) and oneness of the world (Laloux, 2014). A manager being brought back ideally would be self-aware, self-regulating, and flexible enough to work at higher levels of consciousness. The ability to raise consciousness around him/her/them could be a key role for the new High Consciousness Manager (HCM). From an increasing convergence of quantum science and spirituality, also identified as the Unified Field Theory (Hagelin, 1987), we hope to offer useful, grounded and generative perspectives that could offer a new ontology and epistemology for the new HCMs (Lazslo, 2020; Pavlovich, 2020). This may be also the key to accelerating the kind of pro-social and pro-environmental behavior needed for business-led flourishing and expansion of happiness. Some of the challenges to be discussed on this path are (a) What are the structural and personal rewards and incentives, as well as obstacles and challenges, for organizations to develop and deploy HCMs? (b) What new concepts, holistic and functional, are emerging to model the future of HCMs in organizations? (c) What are the characteristics of the experiences of organizations that have progressed on this path of deploying HCMs? This symposium plans to provide a rich unfoldment of these questions from multiple perspectives

Detecting Residual Awareness in Patients With Prolonged Disorders of Consciousness: An fNIRS Study.

Recent advances in neuroimaging technologies have provided insights into detecting residual consciousness and assessing cognitive abilities in patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC). Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is non-invasive and portable and can be used for longitudinal bedside monitoring, making it uniquely suited for evaluating brain function in patients with DOC at appropriate spatiotemporal resolutions. In this pilot study, an active command-driven motor imagery (MI) paradigm based on fNIRS was used to detect residual consciousness in patients with prolonged DOC. A support vector machine (SVM) classifier was used to classify yes-or-no responses. The results showed that relatively reliable responses were detected from three out of five patients in a minimally consciousness state (MCS). One of the patients answered all the questions accurately when assessed according to this method. This study confirmed the feasibility of using portable fNIRS technology to detect residual cognitive ability in patients with prolonged DOC by active command-driven motor imagery. We hope to detect the exact level of consciousness in DOC patients who may have a higher level of consciousness.

Existential Worldview in a Nomadic Civilization

The question of the meaning of life is concerning to everyone living in the modern world in the age of pandemics. From this point of view, this article can help many people, including young people, who are experiencing life's anxieties. A global coronavirus pandemic is a cause of fear and even panic. The consequences of the pandemic caused by the spread of the COVID-19 virus have led to existential concerns. As a result, human beings, realizing the shortness of life, began to pay attention to existential issues. However, there are optimistic views that can counteract existential crises. It is very important for modern society to understand the meaning of life, which is formed in the minds of nomads, to become a spiritual necessity of existential, vital principles, which have a positive character, aimed at a short life in accordance with human nature. Mastering the problem of the meaning of life at a high level of consciousness is one of the necessary conditions for moral maturity. The essence of human life is to be able to serve one's country and sacrifice one's life to protect it from the enemy. The main purpose of the article is to analyze the problem of the meaning of life in the nomadic worldview, the human being (property) that forms the human being. In order to achieve this goal: the issues that are the core of the nomadic worldview – Man and morality, life and life, the essence of the world, humanity and personality, individuality and morality were taken into account.