High-intensity Resistance Training Research Articles

Implementation and Clinical Outcomes of Blood Flow Restriction Training on Adults With Cerebral Palsy: A Case Series.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a congenital neurological disorder that causes musculoskeletal weakness and biomechanical dysfunctions. Strength training guidelines recommend at least 70% of 1-repetition maximum to increase muscle strength and mass. However, individuals with CP may not tolerate such high exercise intensity. Blood flow restriction (BFR) can induce similar gains in strength and muscle mass using loads as low as 20% to 30% 1-repetition maximum. This case series described the safety, feasibility, and acceptability of BFR in adults with CP and examined changes in muscle mass and strength. Three male participants with gross motor function classification system level 3 CP underwent strength training using a periodized 8-week BFR protocol. Outcomes included: Safety via blood pressure during and post-BFR exercises in addition to adverse event tracking; Feasibility via number of support people and time-duration of BFR exercises; Acceptability via rate of perceived discomfort (0-10) and qualitative interviews; Muscle Mass via ultrasonographic cross-sectional area of the quadriceps and hamstring; and Strength via (1) 3-repetition maximum in the leg press and knee extension, (2) isometric knee flexor and extensor muscle force measured with a hand-held dynamometer, and (3) 30-second sit-to-stand test. Participants replaced 2 exercises from their current regimen with seated knee extension and leg press exercises using progressively higher limb occlusion pressure and exercise intensity. Limb occlusion pressure started at 60%, by week 4 progressed to 80%, and then remained constant. The exercise repetition scheme progressed from fixed nonfailure repetition sets to failure-based repetition sets. Blood pressure never exceeded safety threshold, and no adverse events were reported. The BFR training was time-consuming and resource-intensive, but well-tolerated by participants (rate of perceived discomfort with a mean value of 5.8, 100% protocol adherence). Strength, as measured by 3-repetition maximum testing and 30-second sit-to-stand test, increased, but isometric muscle force and muscle mass changes were inconsistent. Blood flow restriction may be an effective means to increase strength in adults with CP who cannot tolerate high-intensity resistance training. Future research should compare BFR to traditional strength training and investigate mediators of strength changes in this population. for more insights from the authors (see the Video, Supplemental Digital Content available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A473).

Differences in knee flexor and extensor force and kinematic variables in rural versus urban area female students in Romania.

The study aimed to identify and explain the typical differences in low-intensity high-volume resistance training (LIHV-RT) performances for major muscle groups between rural versus urban young female students to establish the relevant set of quantitative and qualitative resistance training parameters. The study sample included 46 recreational active female students at the Transilvania University of Brașov, (mean ± SD age, 20 ± 1year; body mass, 60 ± 3kg; height, 160 ± 4cm) grouped urban vs. rural. The study used modified resistance exercise machines for the hamstring- and quadricep-group muscles, equipped with a dynamometer and sensors for identifying developed forces and accelerations. A number of 368 tests were performed, representing two attempts for each subject, for knee flexion and knee extension exercises, with two different loads. For the performance analysis some variables were considered: the maximum number of repetition until failure, maximum force developed, maximum acceleration, the duration of the set and the mean time per repetition. The maximum number of repetition to failure shows a significant higher value for rural than urban in case of knee flexion (d = 0.98 [0.32, 1.54] for load 1(L1) and d = 0.65 [0.03, 1.21] for load 2(L2)) and in case of knee extension (d = 1.89 [1.11, 2.48] for L1 and d = 1.67 [0.92, 2.25] for L2). The total duration of the sets shows a significant higher value for rural than urban in case of knee flexion (d = 0.84 [0.19, 1.39] for L2) and in case of knee extension (d = 1.46 [0.74, 2.03] for L1 and d = 1.56 [0.98, 2.14] for L2). Additionally we found differences in the quality of the relevant repetitions execution and in the impulse developed during the LIHV- MNRF sets. The study's main finding was that there are differences in LIHV-RT performances knee flexion and knee extension antagonistic exercises, between rural and urban female students. We concluded that the obtained results allow teachers to understand the optimal design of RT programs for the different groups of participants, in order to adapt their teaching techniques so that their final objectives are achieved, insisting on particular aspects of the theoretical or practical contents.

Abstract PO1-19-06: Physical exercise during neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer as a mean to increase pathological complete response rates: the randomized Neo-ACT trial

Abstract Introduction In early breast cancer, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is increasingly used. The proof of efficacy is pathologically complete response (pCR), i.e. the absence of invasive tumour in breast and lymph nodes at surgery. Today, pCR is a common endpoint in pharmaceutical trials since it is significantly associated with survival especially in triple-negative and HER2-positive subtypes. Apart from the mitigation of treatment-related toxicity and symptoms, physical exercise mediates anti-tumoral systemic effects associated with tumour regression in preclinical and clinical models. The aim of Neo-ACT is to test the hypothesis that physical exercise can improve pCR rates in breast cancer patients receiving NACT. Method The Neo-ACT trial is an international prospective clinical trial, randomising T1-3N0-2 breast cancer patients planned for NACT to either a home-based physical exercise intervention supported by a mobile application or routine care. The primary endpoint is pCR; secondary endpoints are patient-reported quality of life, toxicity-related outcomes, and oncological outcomes such as Residual Cancer Burden, objective radiological tumour response, as well as overall, breast cancer-specific and disease-free survival at 2, 5 and 10 years. The intervention consists of a combination of high-intensity interval and resistance training of progressing intensity, and includes two weekly 60-min exercise sessions plus at least 150 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity per week. The Neo-ACT has been registered at clinicaltrials.gov on January 11, 2022 (NCT05184582). Statistical methods Patients will be randomized in a 1:1 fashion. It is anticipated that the rate of the primary endpoint pCR will be approximately 30% in the control arm (all subtypes). We aim to increase the rate of pCR in the experimental arm to 40%, i.e. a 10 percentage points increase, which is regarded clinically relevant since it would translate into improved disease-related outcomes. With a power of 80% and an alpha of 5%, a total of 712 patients have to be included; 356 in each arm. Accounting for a drop-out of 10%, we aim to include 790 patients. Stratification at the moment of computerized randomization is based on site of treatment (hospital) and biological tumour subtype (ER+HER2-, ER+HER2+, ER-HER2+, ER-HER2-). All outcomes will primarily be analysed using an intention-to-treat approach, i.e. all study subjects will belong to the treatment group (exercise intervention or control) they were assigned to, disregarding compliance. As sensitivity analysis, all outcomes will also be analysed using a per-protocol approach, meaning that participants in the intervention group who comply with less than 65% of the prescribed physical exercise program, and participants who complete less than 40% of the planned neoadjuvant systemic therapy (around two 3-weekly courses) will be excluded from analysis. Present accrual The Neo-ACT trial has started enrolment at the first site in December 2022 and since then initiated a further five Swedish and one Finnish site. Until June 15, 2023, 26 participants had been randomized in the trial. A feasibility questionnaire is distributed via the EUBREAST network which officially supports this trial and has added the designation EUBREAST12-R. Further participating sites can be accommodated depending on volume, competing trials and language requirements for the mobile application. Contact: jana.de-boniface@ki.se Citation Format: Jana de Boniface, Cecilia Haddad Ringborg, Renske Altena, Yvonne Wengström. Physical exercise during neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer as a mean to increase pathological complete response rates: the randomized Neo-ACT trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO1-19-06.

Self-efficacy, Effort, and Performance Perceptions Enhance Psychological Responses to Strength Training in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Athletes.

Biscardi, LM, Miller, AD, Andre, MJ, and Stroiney, DA. Self-efficacy, effort, and performance perceptions enhance psychological responses to strength training in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletes. J Strength Cond Res 38(5): 898-905, 2024-This study examined the effect of self-efficacy, effort, and perceived performance on positive well-being (PWB) and psychological distress (PD) following high-intensity resistance training sessions in collegiate student-athletes. An observational field study design was used to collect data before and after resistance training sessions in a 4-week preseason strength training block. A multilevel model assessed day-level and person-level variance in acute PWB and PD. Interaction terms were also tested at the day level. Alpha was set at 0.05. Within a 4-week training block, training session intensity did not predict changes in acute psychological responses. After controlling for an athlete's preexercise psychological state, higher self-efficacy, daily effort, and perceived performance predicted higher PWB and lower PD following training (p < 0.05). Self-efficacy moderated the relationships of daily effort and performance with PD (p < 0.05). When athletes experienced lower self-efficacy, producing a higher effort and perceiving better performance reduced the negative psychological response. These findings highlight the important mediating role of cognitive variables in the acute psychological response to high-intensity resistance training. Coaches should identify and mitigate low cognitive states to facilitate a positive psychological response to resistance training. This strategy promotes a positive psychological response without altering training prescription.

FRAILTY REDUCTION VIA IMPLEMENTATION OF EXERCISE, NUTRITION AND DEPRESCRIBING (FRIEND) TRIAL: NOVEL IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ASIA-PACIFIC FRAILTY GUIDELINES IN AGED CARE

INTRODUCTION Virtually all adults in aged care are frail, contributing to falls, cognitive decline, hospitalisation, and mortality. polypharmacy, malnutrition, sedentariness, and sarcopenia are risk factors amenable to intervention. Asia-Pacific Frailty treatment guidelines recommend anabolic exercise, medication and dietary optimisation. However, no study has evaluated this best practice intervention in aged care. AIM: Evaluate institutional translation of best-practice frailty treatment in aged care residents. METHODS The Frailty Reduction via Implementation of Exercise, Nutritional support and Deprescribing (FRIEND) trial (ANZCTR#:ACTRN12622000926730p) is a 6-month translational trial evaluating resident outcomes, staff/caregiver knowledge and institutional translation in a Townsville aged care facility. Residents received high-intensity resistance and balance training, medication and nutrition optimisation co-implemented by investigators (AEP, geriatrician, pharmacist, nutritionist) and facility staff. Staff and caregivers completed comprehensive education modules and training. We report resident outcomes for Phase-one (6 months exercise with staggered implementation of medication/nutritional arms) in preparation for full implementation (Phase-two). RESULTS 29 residents (21 female, age:88.6±6.3yrs) were recruited. At baseline, residents were frail (FRAIL-NH;6.3±2.4/14), cognitively-impaired (MoCA;13.8±6.8/30), had low physical function/capacity (SPPB;4.9±3.1/12, 6MWT;222.2±104.4m) and numerous prescribed medications (15.5±5.9). Two residents died &amp; one withdrew before intervention, and nine residents declined exercise intervention. Exercising residents’ adherence was 73.4±18.3% (28±7/38 sessions), with non-significant baseline differences compared to decliners (p&amp;gt;0.05). FRAIL-NH worsened significantly across the entire sample (0.93±1.87,p=.019), however this progression was attenuated in exercisers (0.71±1.83,p=0.35). Furthermore, clinically meaningful improvements in frailty (Fried phenotype;-0.73±1.09,p=.022), Leg press (median{IQR}:40.9%{26.5%)) and knee extension strength (median{IQR):61.9%(259%),p&amp;lt;0.001), 6MWD (35.4±45.8m,p=0.022;30m-MCID), Physical Function (SPPB;1.9±2.3,p=0.007;1-point MCID), and cognition (MoCA;1.31±3.4,p=.131;1.22-point MCID) were observed in exercisers. Only 1 minor exercise-related adverse event occurred. CONCLUSION Six months of AEP-led high-intensity exercise with preliminary, staggered implementation of medication and nutrition optimisation in aged care improved frailty and risk factors in residents. Phase-two results following 6-months of full, concurrent implementation of exercise, medication and nutrition arms are anticipated May, 2024.

Task-specific resistance training adaptations in older adults: comparing traditional and functional exercise interventions.

Muscle strength declines ∼3% per year after the age of 70. Resistance training guidelines for older adults are often based on free-weight and machine exercises, which may be inaccessible and lack carryover to activities of daily living. We tested the hypothesis that resistance training adaptations in older adults are task-specific. Thirty adults (8 males, 22 females; mean age = 71 years) were randomly assigned to participate in 6weeks of supervised, high-intensity resistance training (twice per week) utilizing free-weight and machine exercises (traditional) versus functional activities that were overloaded with a weighted vest (functional). Participants were thoroughly familiarized with the exercises and testing prior to beginning the study. Major outcome measures included assessments of functional performance, five-repetition maximum strength, isometric knee extensor force, and quadriceps muscle size. Physical activity and nutrition were monitored. The study results demonstrate that the magnitude of improvement within a given outcome was largely dependent on group assignment, with greater improvements in gait speed and the timed-up-and-go in the functional group, but 2-3× greater five repetition maximum strength improvements for the trap bar deadlift, leg press, and leg extension following traditional resistance training. Both groups showed improvements in isometric knee extensor force and muscle size, suggesting that some aspects of the observed adaptations were generic, rather than specific. Overall, these novel findings suggest that, among older adults, 1) resistance training adaptations exhibit a high degree of task specificity and 2) significant improvements in functional outcomes can be achieved with the use of a weighted vest.

Effects of Blood Flow Restriction Resistance Training on Autonomic and Endothelial Function in Persons with Parkinson's Disease.

Autonomic dysfunction precedes endothelial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) and causes blood pressure and circulation abnormalities that are highly disruptive to one's quality of life. While exercise interventions have proven helpful for motor symptoms of PD, improving associated non-motor symptoms is limited. Low-intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction (LIRT-BFR) improves autonomic dysfunction in non-PD patients and high-intensity resistance training (HIRT) is recommended for motor symptom improvements for people with PD (PwPD). To determine the effects of LIRT-BFR and HIRT on homocysteine and autonomic and endothelial function in PwPD and to determine the hemodynamic loads during LIRT-BFR and HIRT in PwPD using a novel exercise protocol. Thirty-eight PwPD were assigned LIRT-BFR, HIRT or to a control (CNTRL) group. The LIRT-BFR and HIRT groups exercised three days per week for four weeks. The LIRT-BFR protocol used 60% limb occlusion pressure (LOP) and performed three sets of 20 repetitions at 20% of the one-repetition maximum (1RM). The HIRT group performed three sets of eight repetitions at 80% 1RM. The CNTRL group was asked to continue their normal daily routines. LIRT-BFR significantly improved orthostatic hypotension (p = 0.026), homocysteine levels (p < 0.001), peripheral circulation (p = 0.003), supine blood pressure (p = 0.028) and heart rate variability (p = 0.041); LIRT-BFR improved homocysteine levels (p < 0.018), peripheral circulation (p = 0.005), supine blood pressure (p = 0.007) and heart rate variability (p = 0.047) more than HIRT; and hemodynamic loads for LIRT-BFR and HIRT were similar. LIRT-BFR may be more effective than HIRT for autonomic and endothelial function improvements in PwPD and hemodynamic loads may be lessened in LIRT-BFR protocols using single-joint exercises with intermittent blood flow restriction. Further research is needed to determine if non-motor symptoms improve over time and if results are sustainable.

Effect of 5:2 Regimens: Energy-Restricted Diet or Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Training Combined With Resistance Exercise on Glycemic Control and Cardiometabolic Health in Adults With Overweight/Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: A Three-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial.

We aimed to examine the effects of a 5:2 diet (2 days per week of energy restriction by formula diet) or an exercise (2 days per week of high-intensity interval training and resistance training) intervention compared with routine lifestyle education (control) on glycemic control and cardiometabolic health among adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes. This two-center, open-label, three-arm, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial recruited 326 participants with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes and randomized them into 12 weeks of diet intervention (n = 109), exercise intervention (n = 108), or lifestyle education (control) (n = 109). The primary outcome was the change of glycemic control measured as glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) between the diet or exercise intervention groups and the control group after the 12-week intervention. The diet intervention significantly reduced HbA1c level (%) after the 12-week intervention (-0.72, 95% CI -0.95 to -0.48) compared with the control group (-0.37, 95% CI -0.60 to -0.15) (diet vs. control -0.34, 95% CI -0.58 to -0.11, P = 0.007). The reduction in HbA1c level in the exercise intervention group (-0.46, 95% CI -0.70 to -0.23) did not significantly differ from the control group (exercise vs. control -0.09, 95% CI -0.32 to 0.15, P = 0.47). The exercise intervention group was superior in maintaining lean body mass. Both diet and exercise interventions induced improvements in adiposity and hepatic steatosis. These findings suggest that the medically supervised 5:2 energy-restricted diet could provide an alternative strategy for improving glycemic control and that the exercise regimen could improve body composition, although it inadequately improved glycemic control.

Pumping up the Fight against Multiple Sclerosis: The Effects of High-Intensity Resistance Training on Functional Capacity, Muscle Mass, and Axonal Damage.

Resistance training (RT) has been recognized as a beneficial non-pharmacological intervention for multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, but its impact on neurodegeneration is not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of high-intensity RT on muscle mass, strength, functional capacity, and axonal damage in MS patients. Eleven relapsing-remitting MS patients volunteered in this within-subject counterbalanced intervention study. Serum neurofilament light-chain (NfL) concentration, vastus lateralis thickness (VL), timed up-and-go test (TUG), sit-to-stand test (60STS), and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) were measured before and after intervention. Participants performed 18 sessions of high-intensity RT (70-80% 1-RM) over 6 weeks. Significant (p < 0.05) differences were observed post-intervention for VL (ES = 2.15), TUG (ES = 1.98), 60STS (ES = 1.70), MVIC (ES = 1.78), and NfL (ES = 1.43). Although moderate correlations between changes in VL (R = 0.434), TUG (R = -0.536), and MVIC (R = 0.477) and changes in NfL were observed, only the correlation between VL and MVIC changes was significant (R = 0.684, p = 0.029). A 6-week RT program significantly increased muscle mass, functional capacity, and neuromuscular function while also decreasing serum NfL in MS patients. These results suggest the effectiveness of RT as a non-pharmacological approach to mitigate neurodegeneration while improving functional capacity in MS patients.

Progressive Resistance Training or Neuromuscular Exercise for Hip Osteoarthritis : A Multicenter Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.

Exercise is recommended as first-line treatment for patients with hip osteoarthritis (OA). However, randomized controlled trials providing evidence for the optimal exercise type are lacking. To investigate whether progressive resistance training (PRT) is superior to neuromuscular exercise (NEMEX) for improving functional performance in patients with hip OA. Multicenter, cluster-randomized, controlled, parallel-group, assessor-blinded, superiority trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04714047). Hospitals and physiotherapy clinics. 160 participants with clinically diagnosed hip OA were enrolled from 18 January 2021 to 28 April 2023 and randomly assigned to PRT (n = 82) or NEMEX (n = 78). Twelve weeks of PRT or NEMEX with 2 supervised 60-minute group sessions each week. The PRT intervention consisted of 5 high-intensity resistance training exercises targeting muscles at the hip and knee joints. The NEMEX intervention included 10 exercises and emphasized sensorimotor control and functional stability. The primary outcome was change in the 30-second chair stand test (30s-CST). Key secondary outcomes were changes in scores on the pain and hip-related quality of life (QoL) subscales of the Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS). The mean changes from baseline to 12-week follow-up in the 30s-CST were 1.5 (95% CI, 0.9 to 2.1) chair stands with PRT and 1.5 (CI, 0.9 to 2.1) chair stands with NEMEX (difference, 0.0 [CI, -0.8 to 0.8] chair stands). For the HOOS pain subscale, mean changes were 8.6 (CI, 5.3 to 11.8) points with PRT and 9.3 (CI, 5.9 to 12.6) points with NEMEX (difference, -0.7 [CI, -5.3 to 4.0] points). For the HOOS QoL subscale, mean changes were 8.0 (CI, 4.3 to 11.7) points with PRT and 5.7 (CI, 1.9 to 9.5) points with NEMEX (difference, 2.3 [CI, -3.0 to 7.6] points). Participants and physiotherapists were not blinded. In patients with hip OA, PRT is not superior to NEMEX for improving functional performance, hip pain, or hip-related QoL. Independent Research Fund Denmark.

Investigating the Impact of Varied Dosages of Royal Jelly Consumption on Creatine Kinase and Interleukin-6 Levels Post High-Intensity Resistance Training

This study aimed to investigate the effects of ingesting royal jelly sports gel at doses of 1500 mg, 3000 mg, and 4500 mg after 48 hours of high-intensity weight training on creatine kinase (CK) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. A total of 16 participants were recruited and randomly assigned to four groups: placebo, 1500 mg, 3000 mg, and 4500 mg of royal jelly sports gel. Blood samples were collected before and after the intervention to measure CK and IL-6 levels. The results revealed a significant reduction in CK and IL-6 levels in the 4500 mg royal jelly group compared to the placebo group. However, no significant changes were observed in the 1500 mg and 3000 mg groups. These findings suggest that the consumption of royal jelly sports gel at a dosage of 4500 mg may positively influence recovery processes after high-intensity weight training by mitigating muscle damage and inflammation. Further research is needed to elucidate the potential benefits and optimal dosages of royal jelly in enhancing exercise recovery. Keywords: Suplementation, Biomarkers, Royal Jelly, Fatique

Effect of blood flow restriction with low-intensity resistance training in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials.

This study evaluated the effects of blood flow restriction with low-intensity resistance training (BFR + LIRT) on pain, adverse events, muscle strength, and function in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) through a systematic review and meta-analysis. This study adhered to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses 2020 (PRISMA 2020) and applied the A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR2) standards to ensure the high quality of the systematic review. A comprehensive literature search was conducted until August 2023 using four selected keywords (osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, blood flow restriction training, and resistance training) across five search engines (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and PEDro). Ten studies were analyzed. The results showed that BFR + LIRT had similar effects on pain, risk of adverse events, muscle strength, self-reported function, and physical function compared with resistance training (RT). This systematic review and meta-analysis further support the potential of BFR + LIRT in the disease management of patients with OA or RA. According to this analysis, BFR + LIRT had a lower risk of adverse events than high-intensity resistance training (HIRT) and may be a safer training modality. BFR + LIRT offers greater advantages in improving physical function than LIRT and was able to provide similar benefits to HIRT without increasing the training load. These findings suggest that BFR + LIRT is a safe and effective strategy for treating patients with OA or RA. However, owing to the limited number of studies covered in this analysis, additional higher-quality studies are needed to strengthen this conclusion.

High-Volume Resistance Training Improves Double-Poling Peak Oxygen Uptake in Youth Elite Cross-Country Skiers and Biathletes: A Pilot Study

A total of nineteen elite youth cross-country skiers (16 ± 2 years) were divided into three groups: a low-load group (LL, n = 6) performing 15–20 repetitions per exercise, a high-load group (HL, n = 9) executing 6–12 repetitions, and a control group (CON, n = 4) exclusively engaging in endurance training. Testing included 1RM in upper-body exercises, VO2max running tests, and double-poling (DP) ergometer exhaustion and sprint tests to determine peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak-DP) and peak power (PP). The results indicated that HL and LL showed significant increases in VO2peak-DP, both in absolute values (d = −1.2 and −1.2, p &lt; 0.05) and when normalized to body mass (d = 0.93 and 1.3, p &lt; 0.05). Although there were no group*time effects for VO2peak-DP, PP during DP tests to exhaustion increased in both HL (d = −1.6, p &lt; 0.05) and LL (d = 1.4, p &lt; 0.05) compared to CON. Standardized to body mass, only HL showed significant improvements in PP during the sprint test (d = 1.7, p &lt; 0.05). During the sprint test, both absolute and body-mass-normalized peak power increased only in the high-load group (d = −1.0 and 0.93, p &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, high-load resistance training resulted in the greatest improvements in strength, DP performance, and VO2peak-DP, indicating a dose–response relationship to the load magnitude of resistance training.

Effects of high-intensity and progressive volume resistance training on functional, mental states, and quality of life of people with spinal cord injury

Effects of high-intensity and progressive volume resistance training on functional, mental states, and quality of life of people with spinal cord injury

Effects of high-intensity training on fatty infiltration in paraspinal muscles in elderly males with osteosarcopenia – the randomized controlled FrOST study

BackgroundOsteosarcopenia is a common geriatric syndrome with an increasing prevalence with age, leading to secondary diseases and complex consequences such as falls and fractures, as well as higher mortality and frailty rates. There is a great need for prevention and treatment strategies.MethodsIn this analysis, we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from the randomised controlled FrOST trial, which enrolled community-dwelling osteosarcopenic men aged > 72 years randomly allocated to 16 months of twice-weekly high-intensity resistance training (HIRT) or a non-training control group. MR Dixon imaging was used to quantify the effects of HIRT on muscle fat infiltration in the paraspinal muscles, determined as changes in muscle tissue, fat faction and intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) in the erector spinae and psoas major muscles. Intention-to-treat analysis with multiple imputation was used to analyse the data set.ResultsAfter 16 months of intervention, 15 men from the HIRT and 16 men from the CG were included in the MRI analysis. In summary, no positive effects on the fat infiltration of the erector spinae and psoas major muscles were observed.ConclusionsThe previously reported positive effects on lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) suggest that mechanotransduction induces tropic effects on bone, but that fat infiltration of the erector spinae and psoas major muscles are either irreversible or, for some unknown reason, resistant to exercise. Because of the beneficial effects on spinal BMD, HIRT is still recommended in osteosarcopenic older men, but further research is needed to confirm appropriate age-specific training exercises for the paraspinal muscles. The potential of different MRI sequences to quantify degenerative and metabolic changes in various muscle groups must be better characterized.Trial registrationsFrOST was approved by the University Ethics Committee of the Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (number 67_15b and 4464b) and the Federal Office for Radiation Projection (BfS, number Z 5–2,246,212 – 2017–002). Furthermore, it fully complies with the Declaration of Helsinki and is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03453463 (05/03/2018). JAMA 310:2191–2194, 2013.

Enhanced memory and hippocampal connectivity in humans 2 days after brief resistance exercise.

Exercise has significant health benefits and can enhance learning. A single bout of high-intensity resistance training may be sufficient to improve memory. This study aimed to assess memory enhancement by a single bout of high-intensity resistance training and to examine the neural underpinnings using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Sixty young adults (34 men and 26 women), divided into the training and control groups, participated. The first session included verbal memory recall tests (cued- and free-recall), resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI), and a single-bout high-intensity resistance training for the training group. Two days later, they underwent post-intervention memory tests and rs-fMRI. The study design was 2 groups×2 sessions for memory tests, and within training group comparisons for rs-fMRI. Compared to the control group without resistance training, the training group showed higher cued-recall performance 2 days after the brief resistance training (training: +0.27, control: -0.13, interaction: p=.01), and their free-recall scores were associated with enhanced left posterior hippocampal connectivity (r=.64, p<.001). These results suggest that brief high-intensity resistance exercise/strength training could enhance memory without repeated exercising. The quick effect of resistance training on memory and hippocampal connectivity could be revealed. A focused and one-shot exercise may be sufficient to enhance memory performance and neural plasticity in a few days.

The Effect of High Intensity Interval Training and Resistance Training in Altering Body Composition of Obese Postmenopausal Women

Background: This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) andResistance training (RT) on obese postmenopausal women in altering body composition.Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of High Intensity Interval Training and Resistance Training in alteringbody composition of post-menopausal womenMaterials and Methods: Twenty obese postmenopausal women randomly selected from Poongothai hospital, karur were divided into two groups using concealed envelope method. Group “A” was given HIIT threetimes a week and Group “B” was given RT three times a week for four weeks. Body mass index (BMI), WaistCircumference (WC), Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) were used to evaluate body composition at two intervals (pre andpost intervention).Study period:October 2022 to June 2023.Results: Statistical analysis show that there is a significant change within the group for BMI, WC, and WHR preand post intervention with a p&lt;0.0001 for both groups A and B. The mean value of HIIT group was 30.2 using BMI,92.90 using WC, 0.92 using WHR, whereas the mean values of RT was 30.4 using BMI, 93.0 using WC, 0.94 usingWHR As a result, the findings are not statistically as the differences were small.Conclusion: According to the findings, obese postmenopausal women who took part in the HIIT Group showsconsiderable reduction in body composition than RT Group.

Effects of High-Intensity Resistance Versus Aerobic Training in PCOS Women at Risk for Psychological Trauma

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent and complex endocrine disorder that affects women of reproductive age. Its physical manifestations as the change in body image, fertility challenges, menstrual irregularities, and associated chronic health conditions increase their vulnerability to psychological trauma. Negative effects on psychological health significantly impact their quality of life. Objectives: The current study aimed to compare the effects of high-intensity resistance versus aerobic training on psychological health and quality of life in women with PCOS. Study Design: This was a single-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted from November 22 to April 23 at Riphah Rehabilitation Center, Islamabad, Pakistan. The female university students (n = 60), with an age range of 18 to 30 years, who were not part of any planned physical activity program, were not taking any medication, and were willing to participate in the exercise trial, were recruited. They were randomly allocated into 2 groups: high-intensity resistance (HIRG) and high-intensity aerobic (HIAG) groups. Both groups underwent exercise interventions for a duration of 12 weeks. Clinical and psychological health and quality of life were assessed using validated measures, including the polycystic ovary syndrome questionnaire (PCOS-Q) and the 36-item Short Form Survey (SF-36). Assessments were conducted at baseline, 6th, and 12th weeks. Data analysis was done using SPSS-21. Results: The mean age of women in the HIRG (n = 30) versus the HIAG (n = 30) was 22.40 ± 2.4 years versus 20.63 ± 2.1 years. Between-group analysis revealed no significant difference (P &gt; .05) between the groups in terms of postintervention total scores of the PCOS-Q and SF-36 quality of life. However, within-group analysis has shown statistically significant improvement (P &lt; .01) in both outcome measures. Conclusion: It is concluded that both high-intensity modes of exercise, resistance, and aerobic training were found to be equally effective interventions for improving psychological health and quality of life in women with PCOS. Individualizing exercise programs to meet individual needs and preferences may aid in maximizing the psychological benefits of each exercise modality. Further investigation into the underlying processes and long-term impact of these therapies in this vulnerable population is required.

Application Of Resistance Training And Strength Exercises For Improving Explosive Force In Students Of Sports University Of Tirana

Application Of Resistance Training And Strength Exercises For Improving Explosive Force In Students Of Sports University Of Tirana

Investigating the Effects of High Intensity Resistance Training on Physical Fitness of University Male Football Players

High intensity resistance training (HIRT) can enhance strength, power, speed, agility, endurance and reduce injury risk in football players contributing to improved performance on the field. The purpose of this study was to determine eight-week high intensity resistance training (HIRT) intervention affected the physical fitness of male university football players. A randomized controlled design was adopted for the study and (n=24) football players between the ages of 19 and 25 took part. Before and during the intervention, which included three weekly training sessions, the participants were evaluated. The Yo Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (YYIRT1), the 30 m sprint time (ST), the running based anaerobic sprint test (RAST) and the change of direction time (COD) were among the physical fitness tests. Following the eight week HIRT intervention, all experimental group variables revealed significant changes between pre- and post-tests.