High-intensity Aerobic Interval Research Articles

2266-PUB: Effects of Combined Exercise Protocols on Glucose Variability in Patients with Autoimmune Diabetes on CSII Therapy

Physical exercise may profoundly affect glucose variability (GV) in insulinopenic diabetes leading to both hypo- and hyperglycemia and feeling of discomfort reported by the patients after work out. Even if combined training reportedly reduces GV, an ideal training protocol is still not established in these patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different combinations of continuous aerobic exercise (CON) and high intensity interval training (HIIT) on GV during a 24-h period after work out. A cross-over study was conducted on 14 outpatients [male 50%, mean age 31.9 (8.1) y, BMI 22.1 (2.5) Kg/m2] with either T1D (n=10) or LADA (n=4) on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy [4 (3.9) y]. Data from flash glucose monitoring were collected for 72 h before work out. After different sequences of HIIT and CON work out (HIIT followed by CON, HIIT-CON; and CON followed by HIIT, CON-HIIT), 24-h glucose profiles were acquired. Several indices of GV and predictors of hypo-/hyperglycemia were analyzed. Indices of GV revealed no statistically significant difference when compared to baseline GV [mean -0.38 (1.85) vs. -0.43 (1.66); SD 0.02 (1.06) vs. -0.04 (0.94); CONGA: -0.18 (1.63) vs. -0.36 (1.69); MAG -0.12 (0.44) vs. -0.21 (0.47); MAGE 0.73 (1.65) vs. 1.11 (0.84); LBGI: 1.28 (6.83) vs. 1.71 (5.43); HBGI -0.18 (5.34) vs. -1.03 (4.89); HIIT-CON delta vs. baseline and CON-HIIT delta vs. baseline, respectively]. Moreover, time spent in <70 mg/dl and in >180 mg/dl 24 h after either HIIT-CON or CON-HIIT training was comparable to baseline [for <70 mg/dL: baseline 10.4% (11.6), HIIT-CON 13.3% (13.9), CON-HIIT 12.4% (10.2); for >180 mg/dl: baseline 27.2% (22.7), HIIT-CON 22.6% (21.1), CON-HIIT 22.2% (16.8)]. The comparison between HIIT-CON and CON-HIIT also showed no differences in GV. Thus, a standardized combined work out (either HIIT-CON or CON-HIIT) avoids late glycemic fluctuations and dangerous hypo-/hyperglycemia in T1D and LADA patients on CSII therapy. Disclosure A. Cignarelli: Consultant; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Novo Nordisk A/S. G. Lisco: None. L. Di Gioia: None. A. Natalicchio: Other Relationship; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc., Sanofi-Aventis. S. Perrini: None. L. Laviola: Advisory Panel; Self; Abbott, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Lilly Diabetes, Novo Nordisk Inc. Board Member; Self; AstraZeneca, Roche Diabetes Care, Sanofi-Aventis. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Medtronic, Mundipharma, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited. F. Giorgino: Advisory Panel; Self; Aegerion Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Eli Lilly and Company, MedImmune, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Novo Nordisk A/S, Roche Diabetes Care, Sanofi. Consultant; Self; Roche Diabetes Care, Sanofi. Research Support; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, LifeScan, Inc., Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited. Other Relationship; Self; AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly and Company, Sanofi.

Aerobic interval training improves maximal oxygen uptake and reduces body fat in grapplers.

Despite regularly engaging in high-intensity grappling, Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) athletes have a moderate maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of high-intensity aerobic interval training as an accessory to BJJ training for improvements in V̇O2max. Twelve active male BJJ practitioners (age: 30.3±4.0 [SD] years; height: 183.0±5.3 cm; body mass: 82.7±8.3 kg; body fat: 11.9±3.8%) with 5.6±5.8 years of experience and a training volume of 9.9±4.6 hours·week-1 were randomly allocated to either a training group (TG) or control group (CG). The TG incorporated two high-intensity aerobic interval training sessions·week-1 comprising four 4-minute intervals at 85-95% of maximal heart rate (HRmax) separated by 3-minute active breaks at 70% of HRmax. After six weeks, the TG increased their V̇O2max by 8±3% (95% CI=3.84, 12.73; P=0.04; ES=0.64), from 52.7 to 56.8 mL·kg-1·min-1. This was accompanied by a 1±1% reduction in absolute body fat (95% CI=-0.13, -2.2; P=0.04; ES=0.64). No changes in V̇O2max (P=0.12) or body composition (P=0.34) were detected in the CG. These findings reveal compelling short-term effects of low-volume high-intensity aerobic interval training on V̇O2max and body composition in active BJJ athletes. There may be a ceiling effect in terms of developing V̇O2max in supine, intermittent grappling sports, making alternative approaches to aerobic conditioning particularly relevant for this athlete population.

Two-year follow-up of the OptiTrain randomised controlled exercise trial

PurposeThe aim of this study was to determine if there were any differences in health-related outcomes and physical activity (PA) between the two OptiTrain exercise groups and usual care (UC), 2 years post-baseline.MethodsThe OptiTrain study was a three-arm randomised controlled trial comparing 16 weeks of concurrent aerobic high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and progressive resistance exercise (RT-HIIT) or concurrent HIIT and continuous moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (AT-HIIT) to UC in 206 patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Eligible participants were approached 2 years following baseline to assess cancer-related fatigue, quality of life, symptoms, muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, body mass, PA, sedentary behaviour, and sick leave.ResultsThe RT-HIIT group reported lower total cancer-related fatigue, (− 1.37, 95% CI − 2.70, − 0.04, ES = − 0.06) and cognitive cancer-related fatigue (− 1.47, 95% CI − 2.75, − 0.18, ES = − 0.28), and had higher lower limb muscle strength (12.09, 95% CI 3.77, 20.40, ES = 0.52) than UC at 2 years. The AT-HIIT group reported lower total symptoms (− 0.23, 95% CI − 0.42, − 0.03, ES = − 0.15), symptom burden (− 0.30, 95% CI − 0.60, − 0.01, ES = − 0.19), and body mass − 2.15 (− 3.71, − 0.60, ES = − 0.28) than UC at 2 years.ConclusionAt 2 years, the exercise groups were generally experiencing positive differences in cancer-related fatigue (RT-HIIT), symptoms (AT-HIIT), and muscle strength (RT-HIIT) to UC. The findings provide novel evidence that being involved in an exercise program during chemotherapy can have long-term benefits for women with breast cancer, but that strategies are needed to create better pathways to support patients to maintain physical activity levels.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov registration number: NCT02522260. Trial registered on 9 June 2015. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02522260. Retrospectively registered.

Cardioprotective Effect of High-Intensity Aerobic Interval Training against Adriamycin-Induced Cardiac Toxicity in Rats

Cardioprotective Effect of High-Intensity Aerobic Interval Training against Adriamycin-Induced Cardiac Toxicity in Rats

A randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of 8-week high-intensity interval exercise on intrahepatic triglycerides, visceral lipids, and health-related quality of life in diabetic obese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background:Medications are limited for patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It has been reported that aerobic exercise is effective in reducing the characteristics of NAFLD, although unclear data have ascertained the effects of high-intensity interval aerobic exercise on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in diabetic obese patients with NAFLD.Objectives:This a randomized controlled trial aimed to ascertain the effectiveness of 8-week high-intensity interval exercise on intrahepatic triglycerides (IHTG), visceral lipids and HRQoL in diabetic obese patients with NAFLD.Study design:Between August and December 2017, 32 diabetic obese patients with NAFLD aged 45 to 60 years (21 men and 11 women) were enrolled in this study. They were randomly assigned to 2 groups, 16 patients in each group, high-intensity interval (HII) exercise and control groups. The HII group received a program of HII aerobic exercise for 8 weeks with medications of NAFLD and the control group received only medications without any type of exercise intervention. The test of IHTG, visceral lipids, and HRQoL were recorded at the initial assessment and at the end of the program after 8 weeks.Results:There were significant differences between the 2 groups at the end of the study. These study findings exhibited significant improvements in IHTG, VO2peak, visceral lipids, glycohemoglobin, plasma glucose, and all dimensions of HRQoL in the HII group (P <.05), But there was non-significant improvement in any measure in the control group (P >.05) after the 8-week intervention.Conclusion:Eight-week high-intensity interval aerobic exercise has a beneficial effect on IHTG, visceral lipids, and HRQoL in diabetic obese patients with NAFLD. Effort and awareness should be dedicated to encouraging the active lifestyle among different population, especially diabetic obese patients with NAFLD.

COMPARISON OF EPOC AND RECOVERY ENERGY EXPENDITURE BETWEEN HIIT AND CONTINUOUS AEROBIC EXERCISE TRAINING

ABSTRACT Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare EPOC - excess post-exercise oxygen consumption and recovery energy expenditure between high intensity interval aerobic exercise (HIIT) and continuous aerobic exercise in adult amateur runners. Methods: The study included 10 runners, with a mean age of 35.7 ± 5.87 years, height 1.69 ± 0.11 m; body mass 74.13 ± 11.26 kg; fat percentage 19.31 ± 4.27% and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) of 3.50 ± 0.64 l/kg/min-1. The continuous aerobic exercise protocol consisted of 20 minutes of running with intensity of 70-75% HRmax. Two 20-second cycles of 8 sprints were performed for HIIT at the highest possible speed, with 10 seconds of rest and a 3-minute interval between cycles. The sample group performed the two protocols at least 48 hours and at most one week apart. EPOC was observed using ergospirometry after the running protocols, and mean consumption was analyzed between 25-30 minutes after exercise. Oxygen consumption at 9-10 minutes was used for resting consumption. The study has a cross-sectional experimental design. Results: Oxygen consumption of 0.57 ± 0.29l/kg/min1 and energy expenditure of 2.84 ± 1.44 kcal/min were observed for continuous aerobic exercise, with values of 0.61 ± 0.62 l/kg/min−1 and 3.06 ± 1.10 kcal/min respectively (p &lt;0.05) for HIIT. Conclusion: The protocols performed did not show a statistically significant difference in terms of EPOC and energy expenditure, but the performance of HIIT increased lipid metabolism for exercise recovery, which may favor the weight loss process. Moreover, this activity model takes up less time. Level of evidence I, randomized clinical trial.

The Effects of High-Intensity Aerobic Interval Training In The Elderly With Myocardial Infarction

The Effects of High-Intensity Aerobic Interval Training In The Elderly With Myocardial Infarction

Influence of the ACTN3 Genotype and the Exercise Intensity on the Respiratory Exchange Ratio and Excess Oxygen Consumption After Exercise.

de L. Corrêa, H, Ribeiro, HS, Maya, ÁTD, Neves, RP, de Moraes, MR, Lima, RM, Nóbrega, OT, and Ferreira, AP. Influence of the ACTN3 genotype and the exercise intensity on the respiratory exchange ratio and excess oxygen consumption after exercise. J Strength Cond Res 35(5): 1380-1388, 2021-This study aimed to assess the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) after high-intensity interval training and continuous moderate-intensity aerobic training in accordance with the ACTN3 genotype. A cross-sectional study with 30 physically active individuals who participated in 3 experimental sessions, as follows: a high-intensity interval aerobic exercise, for 3 minutes at 115% anaerobic threshold, with 90 seconds of passive recovery; a continuous moderate-intensity aerobic exercise at 85% anaerobic threshold; and a control session. Respiratory exchange ratio and V̇o2 were obtained through an indirect, calorimetry-based gas analysis method, using a breath-by-breath approach, assessed at baseline, during the trials, and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after exercise. We found that lower postexercise RER values were observed only in subjects with the X allele, in both the high- and the moderate-intensity training protocols. Homozygous RR subjects showed no differences in postexercise RER compared with the scores at the control day. After both sessions of exercise, EPOC levels were higher compared with scores at the control day for 2 hours among X allele carriers, and only in the first hour among RR homozygous. Thus, the RER and EPOC presented different responses after moderate and intense exercise according to the ACTN3 genotype. Moreover, individuals with the X allele of the ACTN3 gene show a higher oxidation of fats in the postexercise period.

PO-127 Research progresses of exercise intervention methods in non- alcoholic fatty liver disease

Objective This review summarizes the effects of aerobic exercise (AE), resistance exercise (RE), and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Discuss The main differences of intervention methods, intervention time, and intervention effects among the NAFLD people, To explore the targeting and dose-response relationship of different exercise models intervention in NAFLD. &#x0D; Methods This paper uses the keywords such as Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, NAFLD, NASH, NAFLD and aerobic training, aerobic exercise, resistance training, resistance exercise, high-intensity interval training, high-intensity interval exercise, high-intensity aerobic exercise, HIAT, HIIT, HIT, etc to search in the web of science、Pubmed database, the deadline is March 1, 2018. Inclusion criteria: (1) study design: randomized controlled trials; (2) study questions: effects of exercise on hepatic steatosis in patients with NAFLD; (3) type of exercise: AE, RE, and HIIT; (4) subjects: biochemical examination liver biopsy or ultrasound examination includes a combination of abdominal imaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging of the NAFLD population. Exclusion criteria: (1) non-original studies (2) meeting abstracts (3) did not provide sufficient experimental data (4) animal experiments (5) non-English literature. The search results showed that a total of 16 studies reported the effects of exercise on NAFLD populations. &#x0D; Results (1) AE, RE and HIIT can reduce hepatic steatosis and improve liver histology in NAFLD people, but their intervention effects are different. AE stands out in reduce body weight,decreases insulin resistance (IR); RE stands out in reduce hepatic fat and increases muscle strength; HIIT has a significant effect in reducing hepatic fat and enhancing cardiovascular fitness. (2) the frequency, duration, and intervention period of AE and RE are similar; achieve the same or better intervention effect, HIIT only requires the 1/3 exercise time of the previous two.&#x0D; Conclusions RE may be more effective than AE in patients with poor cardiovascular fitness, sarcopenia, and NAFLD who are unable to tolerate or participate in AE; HIIT has certain advantages in the time-effect and dose-effect due to less exercise time and smaller amount of exercise, This is easy for the NAFLD people to accept, and it will facilitate long-term adherence in the future.

Acute effect of three different exercise training modalities on executive function in overweight inactive men: A secondary analysis of the BrainFit study

There is currently a consensus about the positive effects of physical exercise on cognition. However, the exercise intensity-dependent effect on executive function remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the acute effects of high-intensity aerobic interval training (HIIT), progressive resistance training (PRT), or combined training (PRT + HIIT) on executive function indicators in overweight inactive adult men (aged 18–30 years old). The participants were screened and excluded for medical conditions known to impact cognitive functioning, which was measured with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) screening cognitive test. A randomised, parallel-group clinical trial was conducted among 36 adults who were randomly assigned to a HIIT (n = 12), PRT (n = 7), PRT + HIIT (n = 7), or control group (n = 10) until the energy expenditure of 400–500 kcal. Cognitive inhibition and attention capacity were examined using the Stroop test and d2 test of attention, respectively, and were obtained pre-exercise for baseline measurement and 1 min post-exercise for each exercise training modality. Cognitive inhibition measured by the Stroop test was improved after the HIIT protocol for the domains of reading by +5.89 (η2 = 0.33), colour naming +9.0 (η2 = 0.60), interference +10.1 (η2 = 0.39), and index interference +6.0 (η2 = 0.20). Additionally, the PRT + HIIT group had an increase for the reading condition of +7.1 (η2 = 0.40), colour naming +7.5 (η2 = 0.80), and interference +5.8 (η2 = 0.39). In regard to attentional capacity, the HIIT group elicited small to medium improvements in the concentration level domain of +21.7 (η2 = 0.44), total performance domain +56.6 (η2 = 0.50), and consistency domain −3.0 (η2 = 0.27). These results were similar in the PRT and PRT + HIIT groups in the concentration level and items-processed domains (P < 0.05). In conclusion, acute HIIT and PRT + HIIT sessions reported important effect sizes than PRT alone for cognitive inhibition and attention capacity. Taken together, the results suggest that even short-term exercise interventions can enhance overweight adults' executive functions.

Acute effects of low-volume high-intensity interval aerobic exercise in the morning and evening on brain natriuretic peptide changes and double product inactive men

Acute effects of low-volume high-intensity interval aerobic exercise in the morning and evening on brain natriuretic peptide changes and double product inactive men

The Effects of Recovery Duration During High-Intensity Interval Exercise on Time Spent at High Rates of Oxygen Consumption, Oxygen Kinetics, and Blood Lactate.

Smilios, I, Myrkos, A, Zafeiridis, A, Toubekis, A, Spassis, A, and Tokmakidis, SP. The effects of recovery duration during high-intensity interval exercise on time spent at high rates of oxygen consumption, oxygen kinetics, and blood lactate. J Strength Cond Res 32(8): 2183-2189, 2018-The recovery duration and the work-to-recovery ratio are important aspects to consider when designing a high-intensity aerobic interval exercise (HIIE). This study examined the effects of recovery duration on total exercise time performed above 80, 90, and 95% of maximum oxygen consumption (V[Combining Dot Above]O2max) and heart rate (HRmax) during a single-bout HIIE. We also evaluated the effects on V[Combining Dot Above]O2 and HR kinetics, blood lactate concentration, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Eleven moderately trained men (22.1 ± 1 year) executed, on 3 separate sessions, 4 × 4-minute runs at 90% of maximal aerobic velocity (MAV) with 2, 3, and 4 minutes of active recovery. Recovery duration did not affect the percentage of V[Combining Dot Above]O2max attained and the total exercise time above 80, 90, and 95% of V[Combining Dot Above]O2max. Exercise time above 80 and 90% of HRmax was longer with 2 and 3 minutes (p ≤ 0.05) as compared with the 4-minute recovery. Oxygen uptake and HR amplitude were lower, mean response time slower (p ≤ 0.05), and blood lactate and RPE higher with 2 minutes compared with 4-minute recovery (p ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, aerobic metabolism attains its upper functional limits with either 2, or 3 or 4 minutes of recovery during the 4 × 4-minute HIIE; thus, all rest durations could be used for the enhancement of aerobic capacity in sports, fitness, and clinical settings. The short (2 minutes) compared with longer (4 minutes) recovery, however, evokes greater cardiovascular and metabolic stress and activates to a greater extent anaerobic glycolysis and hence, could be used by athletes to induce greater overall physiological challenge.

The effect and safety of aerobic interval training according to the intensity of exercise in acute coronary syndrome

High intensity aerobic interval training (HAIT) increases maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2 max) more effectively than moderate-intensity continuous training (MCT) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). However, even within the same category of high intensity interval training protocols, higher intensity might be better for improving VO 2 max. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect for increasing VO 2 max and the safety of maximal-intensity aerobic interval training (MAIT) compared to HAIT. Patients receiving percutaneous coronary intervention and attended cardiac rehabilitation within two weeks after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) were recruited. Participants were randomly assigned to either a MAIT or a HAIT protocol three times a week for six weeks. The MAIT protocol was set up for four cycles of maximal-intensity (95–100% of HRR, four minutes/cycle) walking with three cycles of active pause with low intensity intervals walking alternatively for every session. In contrast, the HAIT protocol was composed of three cycles of high intensity (85% of HRR, eight minutes/cycle) walking training and two cycles of active pause with low intensity intervals walking alternatively for every session. The change of VO 2 max, rate pressure product, echocardiographic findings, body mass index, Borg's rate of perceived exertion scale were examined before and after training. After completion of six-week aerobic interval training, there were significant increase of VO 2peak in both groups. But the increment of VO 2peak in MAIT group was significantly greater than HAIT group ( P < 0.05). The percentage increases for the MAIT and HAIT were 31% and 17%, respectively. And a total of 670.5 exercise-hours during MAIT and HAIT, we found no major cardiovascular complication and musculoskeletal complication. The results of the current study indicate that six-week supervised MAIT is significantly more effective than HAIT in improving VO 2peak in ACS patients. Also it appeared safe after both MAIT and HAIT in a CR setting.

Exercise training and endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis

Background and aimsExercise training is considered a cornerstone in the management of type 2 diabetes, which is associated with impaired endothelial function. However, the association of exercise training with endothelial function in type 2 diabetes patients has not been fully understood. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate their associations with focus on exercise types.MethodsDatabases were searched up to January 2018 for studies evaluating the influences of exercise training with durations ≥ 8 weeks on endothelial function assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) among type 2 diabetes patients or between type 2 diabetics and non-diabetics. Data were pooled using random-effects models to obtain the weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsSixteen databases were included. Exercise training resulted in an overall improvement in FMD by 1.77% (95% CI 0.94–2.59%) in type 2 diabetes patients. Specifically, both aerobic and combined aerobic and resistance exercise increased FMD by 1.21% (95% CI 0.23–2.19%) and 2.49% (95% CI 1.17–3.81%), respectively; but resistance exercise only showed a trend. High-intensity interval aerobic exercise did not significantly improve FMD over moderate-intensity continuous exercise. Notably, the improvement in FMD among type 2 diabetes patients was smaller compared with non-diabetics in response to exercise training (WMD − 0.72%, 95% CI − 1.36 to − 0.08%) or specifically to aerobic exercise (WMD − 0.65%, 95% CI − 1.31 to 0.01%).ConclusionsExercise training, in particular aerobic and combined exercise, improves endothelial function in type 2 diabetes patients, but such an improvement appears to be weakened compared with non-diabetics.Trial registration PROSPERO CRD42018087376

High-intensity interval aerobic exercise induced a longer hypotensive effect when compared to continuous moderate

This study verified the blood pressure response between high-intensity interval aerobic exercise and continuous aerobic exercise of moderate intensity in normotensive participants. For this, we evaluated 30 physically active (23.0 ± 6.5 years; 71.9 ± 7.2 kg: 1.74 ± 0.1 m; 23.9 ± 2.0% of body fat) normotensive men (systolic: 122 ± 9 and diastolic: 75 ± 9). After measuring maximum oxygen consumption and anaerobic threshold, the sample was randomized into three conditions: (1) high-intensity interval aerobic exercise (HIIAE); (2) continuous aerobic exercise of moderate intensity (CAEMI); and (3) Control. Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured at rest and 15′, 30′, 45′ 1, 2, 3, and 4-h post-exercise. There was a decrease in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure up to 3 h in the CAEMI session (systolic: 112 ± 9 and diastolic: 70 ± 9; p 0.05). CAEMI and HIIAE induced similar post-exercise hypotension; however, HIIAE provided longer post-exercise hypotension.

Effects of combined high-intensity aerobic interval training program and Mediterranean diet recommendations after myocardial infarction (INTERFARCT Project): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundExercise therapy has long been used for rehabilitation purposes after myocardial infarction (MI) and the benefit of regular physical exercise is also well-established. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been proposed to be more effective than continuous exercise for improving exercise capacity and health-related adaptations to low-volume (LV) and HIIT are also known. Furthermore, the Mediterranean diet (Mediet) has been widely reported to be a model of healthy eating for its contribution to a favorable health status and a better quality of life, reducing overall mortality. This study will investigate the effects of different HIIT programs (high-volume [HV] vs LV) and Mediet recommendations in clinical condition, cardiorespiratory fitness, biomarkers, ventricular function, and perception of quality of life after MI, and compared to an attention control group that is recommended to Mediet and physical activity without supervision sessions.Methods/DesignIn this randomized controlled trial, cardiorespiratory fitness, anthropometry, central and peripheral cardiovascular variables, biochemical and nutritional condition, and quality of life will be assessed before and after 16 weeks of intervention in 177 participants diagnosed with MI type 1. All participants will be randomly (1:1:1) assigned to the attention control group or two exercise groups (Mediet recommendations plus supervised aerobic exercise two days/week: (1) HV (40 min) HIIT group and (2) LV (20 min) HIIT group.DiscussionThis study will be the first clinical trial comparing the effects of two different volumes of HIIT programs with Mediet recommendations for people after MI. The results of this study will provide good evidence for physical rehabilitation in this population.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02876952. Registered on 24 August 2016.

Correction to: High-intensity aerobic interval training can lead to improvement in skeletal muscle power among in-hospital patients with advanced heart failure.

In the original publication of the article, the unit of hand in Fig.2 was wrongly given as "N/kg" instead of "kg".

Highly favorable physiological responses to concurrent resistance and high-intensity interval training during chemotherapy: the OptiTrain breast cancer trial

BackgroundAdvanced therapeutic strategies are often accompanied by significant adverse effects, which warrant equally progressive countermeasures. Physical exercise has proven an effective intervention to improve physical function and reduce fatigue in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in this population are not well established although HIIT has proven effective in other clinical populations. The aim of the OptiTrain trial was to examine the effects of concurrent resistance and high-intensity interval training (RT-HIIT) or concurrent moderate-intensity aerobic and high-intensity interval training (AT-HIIT), to usual care (UC) on pain sensitivity and physiological outcomes in patients with breast cancer during chemotherapy.MethodsTwo hundred and forty women were randomized to 16 weeks of RT-HIIT, AT-HIIT, or UC. Outcomes: cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, body mass, hemoglobin levels, and pressure-pain threshold.ResultsPre- to post-intervention, RT-HIIT (ES = 0.41) and AT-HIIT (ES = 0.42) prevented the reduced cardiorespiratory fitness found with UC. Handgrip strength (surgery side: RT-HIIT vs. UC: ES = 0.41, RT-HIIT vs. AT-HIIT: ES = 0.28; non-surgery side: RT-HIIT vs. UC: ES = 0.35, RT-HIIT vs. AT-HIIT: ES = 0.22) and lower-limb muscle strength (RT-HIIT vs. UC: ES = 0.66, RT-HIIT vs. AT-HIIT: ES = 0.23) were significantly improved in the RT-HIIT. Increases in body mass were smaller in RT-HIIT (ES = − 0.16) and AT-HIIT (ES = − 0.16) versus UC. RT-HIIT reported higher pressure-pain thresholds than UC (trapezius: ES = 0.46, gluteus: ES = 0.53) and AT-HIIT (trapezius: ES = 0.30).ConclusionSixteen weeks of RT-HIIT significantly improved muscle strength and reduced pain sensitivity. Both exercise programs were well tolerated and were equally efficient in preventing increases in body mass and in preventing declines in cardiorespiratory fitness. These results highlight the importance of implementing a combination of resistance and high-intensity interval training during chemotherapy for women with breast cancer.

High-intensity aerobic interval training can lead to improvement in skeletal muscle power among in-hospital patients with advanced heart failure.

This study investigated the effectiveness and safety of interval training during in-hospital treatment of patients with advanced heart failure. Twenty-four consecutive patients with advanced symptomatic heart failure who were referred for cardiac transplant evaluation were recruited. After performing aerobic exercise for approximate intensity, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) was performed. The protocol consisted of 3 or 4 sessions of 1-min high-intensity exercise aimed at 80% of peak VO2 or 80% heart rate reserve, followed by 4-min recovery periods of low intensity. In addition to the necessary laboratory data, hand grip strength and knee extensor strength were evaluated at the start of exercise training and both at the start and the end of HIIT. Knee extensor strength was standardized by body weight. The BNP level at the start of exercise training was 432 (812) pg/mL and it significantly decreased to 254 (400) pg/mL (p<0.001) at the end of HIIT. Hand grip strength did not change during course. By contrast, knee extensor strength significantly increased during HIIT [4.42±1.43→5.28±1.45N/kg, p<0.001], whereas the improvement of knee extensor strength was not significant from the start of exercise training to the start of HIIT. In addition, the change in knee extensor strength during HIIT was significantly associated with the hemoglobin A1c level at the start of exercise (R=-0.55; p=0.015). HIIT has a positive impact on skeletal muscle strength among in-hospital patients with advanced heart failure.

Rapid regulation of substrate use for oxidative phosphorylation during a single session of high intensity interval or aerobic exercises in different rat skeletal muscles.

Different exercise protocols lead to long-term adaptations that are related to increased mitochondrial content through the activation of mitochondrial biogenesis. However, immediate mitochondrial response to exercise and energetic substrate utilization is still unknown. We evaluate the mitochondrial physiology of two types rat skeletal muscle fibres immediately after a single session of high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) or aerobic exercise (AER). We found AER was able to reduce the ATP synthesis dependent oxygen flux in the tibialis (TA) when stimulated by complex I and II substrates. On the other hand, there was an increase of the maximum velocity (Vmax) for glycerol-phosphate oxidation and Vmax and affinity (KM) of palmitoyl-carnitine oxidation (PC). The exercise did not affect oxygen flux coupled to ATP synthesis in red gastrocnemius (RG) but, surprisingly, reduced its affinity for PC, decreasing the apparent catalytic efficiency (Vmax/KM) of oxidation for PC. Neither exercise protocol was able to change the electron transfer system capacity of the mitochondria or markers of mitochondrial content. The AER group had increased H2O2 production compared to the SED and HIIE groups, with the mechanism being predominantly the escape of electrons through reverse flux in complex I and other sites in TA, and only through other sites in RG. There were no changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Our results show that mitochondria from different muscles submitted to distinct exercise protocols show alterations in the specific fluxes of substrate utilization and oxygen metabolism, indicating that the dynamics of mitochondria are linked to the metabolic flexibility.